Introduction
Humor exists in all language, and it can make people happy and relaxed if they feel upset and sad. So we can regard humor as a certain source of happiness for human being. With the development of language, people have already created lots of humor in their daily life for fun. Then we can see that it is useful and essential for us to know the differences in other language. I will analyze the differences between Chinese and American Humor.
Before making comparison between Chinese and American Humor, it is necessary to confine the current research to certain aspects to avoid confusion. Some nations and terms related to the research will be discussed, such as culture, high/low context culture, body language, humor style, cross—cultural communication and so on.
The comparison based on Home with Kids and Good Luck Charlie will show us how many different aspects in the two countries' humor. then both of the people can better understand the different humor in TV series and help Chinese films to the international market. So as to improve the international influence of Chinese culture.
问题解决型作文模板 /Nowadays，more and more people are concerned about the problem…(问题) /It is important for us to…(问题). For instance_____________________(例一) First，_________________________(原因一). Moreover，_____________________(例二) Second，_______________________(原因二) 第二段：People have figured out many ways to solve the problem． /Confronted with…(问题)we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation． Firstly，________________________(解决方法一) Secondly，______________________(解决方法二) 第三段：1)Personally，I believe that_______________(我的方法) /To me，I am taking two ways to solve the problem of…(问题) One of them is ________________________(我的方法) The other way is_______________________(方法二)
By now ways have been working perfectly and efficient1y…(结果) 2) In conclusion/In a word/To sum up/In summary/Obviously/It’s clear that…/It’s no doubt that…. 现象解释型作文模板
A Comparative Study of Mate Selection Between American Youth and Chinese Youth Thesis Statement：Mate selection, which is governed by some invisible rules and principles, is a common practice throughout human history, but it differs from nation to nation for the cultural differences, and it won't be the same for the same reason． Outline： I. Introduction A. The significance of the discussion B. Layout of the paper II. Principles and rules that regulate the choice of a mate A. Five fundamental theories on mate selection in sociology 1．The theory of historical precedent 2. The theory of psycho-analysis
3. The theory of complementary need 4. The theory of value 5. The theory of filtering process B. Two general rules 1. Endogamy 2．Exogamy III. Important criteria in mate selection A. Chinese youth's expectation for a mate 1. Male's list of an ideal wife and female's list of an ideal husband 2. Qualities desired in a mate B. American's expectation for a mate 1. Qualities of an ideal mate 2. Other concerns IV. The similarities between two nations A. Age consideration B. Equity seeking V. The differences that are brought about by the cultural pattern A. Arranged marriage B. Views on sex
毕业论文引言写法 毕业论文引言又称绪论,毕业论文前言或毕业论文导论（后面都省略毕业论文）。科技论文主要由绪论、本论(结果和讨论)、结论三部分组成。绪论提出问题,本论分析问题,结论解决问题。引言是开篇之作,写引言于前,始能疾书于后,正所谓万事开头难。古代文论中有“凤头、猪肚、豹尾”之称。虽然科技论文不强调文章开头象凤头那样俊美、精采、引人入胜,但引言是给读者的第一印象,对全文有提纲挈领作用,不可等闲视之。 1. 毕业论文引言书写内容和格式-毕业论文引言这么写？ (1)说明论文的主题、范围和目的。 (2)说明本研究的起因、背景及相关领域简要历史回顾(前人做了哪些工作?哪些尚未解决?目前进展到何种程度?)。 (3)预期结果或本研究意义。 (4)引言一般不分段,长短视论文内容而定,涉及基础研究的论文引言较长,临床病例分析宜短。国外大多论文引言较长,一般在千字左右,这可能与国外内数期刊严格限制论文字数有关 所谓的引言就是为论文的写作立题，目的是引出下文。一篇论文只有“命题”成立，才有必要继续写下去，否则论文的写作就失去了意义。一般的引言包括这样两层意思：一是
“立题”的背景，说明论文选题在本学科领域的地位、作用以及目前研究的现状，特别是研究中存在的或没有解决的问题。二是针对现有研究的状况，确立本文拟要解决的问题，从而引出下文。一般作者在引言写作中存在这样两方面的问题。 1）文不着题，泛泛而谈。一些作者似乎把论文的引言看成是一种形式，是可有可无的部分，将引言的写作和正文的写作相分离，只是为了给论文加一顶帽子。常见的现象是，一般化地论述研究的重要性，甚至从技术所涉及的行业在国民经济中的地位开始谈起，就像一篇领导的讲话稿。就是落脚于研究的主题，也是从宏观谈起到微观结束，停留在一般性的论述较多。显然，这样做的结果是使读者无法准确地判断“论文命题”的具体价值，缺少对当前研究状况的概括和介绍，不知道作者的研究与以往的研究工作有什么不同？因此，科技论文的引言必须交代研究工作的背景，概括性地论述所研究问题的现状。对研究现状的论述，不仅是考查作者对资料的占有程度和熟悉程度，更重要的是从资料的全面程度和新旧程度可以判断研究工作的意义和价值，以及研究结果的可信度。 2）引文罗列，缺少分析和概括。引言不仅要反映背景的广度，更重要的是要考查作者对研究背景了解的深度。一般作者对研究的问题了解不深，在介绍研究现状时往往是列出一
英文科技论文写作是进行国际学术交流必需的技能。一般而言，发表在专业英语期刊上的科技论文在文章结构和文字表达上都有其特定的格式和规定，只有严格遵循国际标准和相应刊物的规定，才能提高所投稿件的录用率。 撰写英文科技论文的第一步就是推敲结构。最简单有效的方法即采用IMRaD形式(Introduction，Materials and Methods，Results，and Discussion)，这是英文科技论文最通用的一种结构方式。 IMRaD结构的逻辑体现在它能依次回答以下问题： Introduction（引言）：研究的是什么问题？ Materials and Methods（材料和方法）：怎样研究这个问题？ Results（结果）：发现了什么? Discussion（讨论）：这些发现意味着什么? 按照这个结构整体规划论文，有一个方法值得借鉴，即剑桥大学爱席比教授提出的“概念图”。首先在一张大纸上（A3或A4纸，横放）写下文章题目（事先定好题目很重要），然后根据IMRaD的结构确定基本的段落主题，把他们写在不同的方框内。你可以记录任何你脑海中闪现的可以包括在该部分的内容，诸如段落标题、图表、需要进一步阐述的观点等等，把它们写在方框附近的圈内，并用箭头标示它们的所属方框。画概念图的阶段也是自由思考的阶段，在此过程中不必拘泥于细节。哪些东西需要包括进文章？还需要做哪些工作，是找到某文献的原文，还是补画一张图表，或者需要再查找某个参考文献？当你发现自己需要再加进一个段落时就在概念图中添加一个新框。如果你发现原来的顺序需作调整，那就用箭头标示新的顺序。绘制概念图的过程看似儿童游戏，但其意义重大，它可以给你自由思考的空间，并通过图示的方式记录你思维发展的过程。这便是写论文的第一步：从整体考虑文章结构，思考各种组织文章的方法，准备好所需的资料，随时记录出现的新想法。采用这个方法，不论正式下笔时是从哪一部分写起，都能够能做到大局不乱。 英文科技论文的基本格式包括： Title-论文题目 Author(s)-作者姓名 Affiliation(s) and address(es)-联系方式 Abstract-摘要 Keywords-关键词 Body-正文 Acknowledgements-致谢，可空缺 References-参考文献 Appendix-附录，可空缺 Resume-作者简介，视刊物而定 其中正文为论文的主体部分，分为若干章节。一篇完整的科技论文的正文部分由以下内容构成： Introduction-引言/概述 Materials and Methods-材料和方法 Results-结果 Discussion-讨论 Conclusions-结论/总结 下面对科技论文主要构成部分的写法和注意事项进行详细介绍。
【推荐】英语专业标准论文格式要求-word范文 本文部分内容来自网络，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议请及时联系，本司将予以删除 == 本文为word格式，简单修改即可使用，推荐下载！ == 英语专业标准论文格式要求 格式是否规范是一篇英语论文的主要判断标准之一，规范英语学术论文的格式，使之与国际惯例接轨，无论对于我们进行英文文章写作还是进行国际学术交流都具有重要意义。 本文以人文学科英语论文格式为参考，概述美国教育学术界常用的论文格式规范。 一、英语论文的标题 一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页，其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一，与下行(通常为by，居中)的距离则为5cm，第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写，则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:dr./prof.c.prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:english 734或british novel)。打印时，如无特殊要求，每一行均需double space，即隔行打印，行距约为0.6cm(论文其他部分行距同此)。 就学生而言，如果英语论文篇幅较短，亦可不做标题页(及提纲页)，而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名，与打印纸顶端距离约为2.5cm，以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期;各行左边上下对齐，并留出2.5cm左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印，不必留出更多空白)。 二、英语论文提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身，其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 thesis 一词及冒号，空一格后再打论题句，回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出，次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点，空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母;处于同一等级的纲目，其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是，同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上，即:有ⅰ应有ⅱ，有a应有b，以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长，需两页纸，则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码，即ii(第一页无需标页码)。
如果大家仔细看了这些高质量期刊对审稿人审稿的要求或者说直接点，就是对稿件的要求，我想大家心里都有底了。结合我个人的审稿经验，我个人认为一篇高质量的学术论文应该具有下面十个要素： （1）原创性 （2）创新性 （3）题目合适 （4）好的摘要 （5）论文组织论证严密（逻辑性强） （6）图表清晰可靠 （7）英语表达好，语法拼写等错误少 （8）精选参考文献 （9）LETTER 要求投的文章要适合该期刊 （10）可读性，好的文章通俗易懂，有影响力 我审稿时看稿件的顺序是题目、摘要、图表、前言、参考文献和正文，我觉得题目、摘要、前言、图表、参考文献很重要，实验部分我觉得其次。大部分期刊的基本要求：原创性、创新性、图表、论证、组织、写作、参考文献。 一般国外期刊至少两个审稿人，也有三个甚至还有六七个的，审稿人会有不同的审稿方位和审稿重点，所以按照审稿人意见逐条仔细修改很重要的，当然主编根据多位审稿人的意见，进行综合后给出最终决定的，所以你在写作时要从审稿人的角度去写作尽量方方面面考虑到，语法、语言组织、论文逻辑结构、图表表达，实验结果配合理论、仿真等会更好，如果是快报，当然可以只给出实验结果也行。只有实验数据的文章，除非创新性很强，一般不会发表在高档期刊的。也许有人认为差一点的杂志档次要求应该低一些，实际上，如果你认为档次差一点的期刊要求低一些，这对你会有害处的，不管档次高低，高标准要求自己是最好的，而且现在低一点档次的期刊投稿数量越来越多，如何在这么多文章中脱颖而出并被录用，高标准是关键因素。 至于期刊的审稿周期，我审稿的期刊都要我一个月内审完，我都提前十天审完，如果审稿人一个月内没审完，可以申请延期。当然很好的查询审稿周期方法是：下载该期刊最近五六篇文章，查看摘要下面或者页尾的文章时间信息，会有submit、revise、accept 和available online 等信息，算算相关时间就能估计该期刊的审稿周期了。 现在来谈谈英文文章的写作和注意事项 （1）题目： 概括性强、体现创新性、精炼 题目写作注意事项： 英文题目以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语最常见，即题目基本上由一个或几个名词加上其前置和(或) 后置定语构成。例如：The fabrication of …。短语型题目要确定好中心
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英文论文Introduction的写作技巧 —as a "hook" to attract the readers 学术论文中的引言(Introduction)是对全文内容和结构的总体勾画（The purpose of the Introduction is to stimulate the reader’s interest and to provide pertinent background information necessary to understand the rest of the paper.Without an introduction it is sometimes very difficult for your audience to figure out what you are trying to say. There needs to be a thread of an idea that they will follow through your paper）。The introduction section shows the questions that shoul d be answered for the readers once they finish reading the “Introduction”. 1 引言的内容与结构布局 引言的主要任务是向读者勾勒出全文的基本内容和轮廓。它可以包括以下五项内容中的全部或其中几项： 1）介绍某研究领域的背景、意义、发展状况、目前的水平等； 2）对相关领域的文献进行回顾和综述，包括前人的研究成果，已经解决的问题，并适当加以评价或比较； 3）指出前人尚未解决的问题，留下的技术空白，也可以提出新问题、解决这些新问题的新方法、新思路，从而引出自己研究课题的动机与意义； 4）说明自己研究课题的目的； 5）概括论文的主要内容，或勾勒其大体轮廓。 如何合理安排以上这些内容，将它们有条有理地给读者描绘清楚，并非容易之事。经验告诉我们，引言其实是全文最难写的—部分。这是因为作者对有关学科领域的熟悉程度，作者的知识是渊博、还是贫乏，研究的意义何在、价值如何等问题，都在引言的字里行间得以充分体现。 我们可以将引言的内容分为三到四个层次来安排。第一层由研究背景、意义、发展状况等内容组成，其中还包括某一研究领域的文献综述；第二层提出目前尚未解决的问题或急需解决的问题，从而引出自己的研究动机与意义；第三层说明自己研究的具体目的与内容；最后是引言的结尾，可以介绍一下论文的组成部分。 第一层：1) Introducing the general research area including its background, importance, and p resent level of development……2) Reviewing previous researc h in this area……… 第二层：Indicating the problem that has not been solved by previous research, raising a relevant
Writing Introductions: Research Dissertations Introductions to dissertations tend to be short but quite complex. Some of the more common moves include: ?establishing the context, background and/or importance of the topic ?giving a brief synopsis of the relevant literature ?indicating a problem, controversy or a gap in the field of study ?establishing the desirability of the research ?listing the research questions or hypotheses ?providing a synopsis of the research method(s) ?explaining the significance or value of the study ?defining certain key terms ?provide an overview of the dissertation structure ?explaining reasons for the writer's personal interest in the topic Examples of phrases which are commonly employed to realise these functions are listed below. Note that there may be a certain amount of overlap between some of the categories under which the phrases are listed. Establishing the importance of the topic: One of the most significant current discussions in legal and moral philosophy is .... It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the .... X is the leading cause of death in western industrialised countries. X is a common disorder characterised by .... Xs are one of the most widely used groups of antibacterial agents and .... Xs are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents known. X is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in Y. In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for .... In the history of development economics, X has been thought of as a key factor in .... The issue of X has received considerable critical attention. X is a major public health problem, and the cause of about 4% of the global burden of disease. X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics. Central to the entire discipline of X is the concept of .... X is at the heart of our understanding of .... Establishing the importance of the topic (time frame given): Recent developments in X have heightened the need for .... In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in .... In the arena of X , there has been a recent surge in interest and research.
开题报告引言的写法 开题报告引言的写法论文的前言也叫引言，是正文前面一段短文。前言是论文的开场白，目的是向读者说明本研究的来龙去脉，吸引读者对本篇论文产生兴趣，对正文起到提纲掣领和引导阅读兴趣的作用。在写前言之前首先应明确几个基本问题:你想通过本文说明什么问题?有哪些新的发现，是否有学术价值?一般读者读了前言以后，可清楚地知道作者为什么选择该题目进行研究。为此，在写前言以前，要尽可能多地了解相关的内容，收集前人和别人已有工作的主要资料，说明本研究设想的合理性。 1、引言应含概的内容 引言作为论文的开头，以简短的篇幅介绍论文的写作背景和目的，缘起和提出研究要求的现实情况,以及相关领域内前人所做的工作和研究的概况，说明本研究与前工作的关系，目前的研究热点、存在的问题及作者的工作意义，引出本文的主题给读者以引导。 引言也可点明本文的理论依据、实验基础和研究方法，简单阐述其研究内容;三言两语预示本研究的结果、意义和前景，但不必展开讨论。前言在内容上应包括:为什么要进行这项研究?立题的理论或实践依据是什么?拟创新点?理论与(或)实践意义是什么?首先要适当介绍历史背景和理论根
据，前人或他人对本题的研究进展和取得的成果及在学术上是否存在不同的学术观点。明确地告诉读者你为什么要进行这项研究，语句要简洁、开门见山。如果研究的项目是别人从未开展过的，这时创新性是显而易见的，要说明研究的创新点。但大部分情况下，研究的项目是前人开展过的，这时一定要说明此研究与被研究的不同之处和本质上的区别，而不是单纯的重复前人的工作。 2、前言的写作方法 (1)、开门见山，不绕圈子。避免大篇幅地讲述历史渊源和立题研究过程。 (2)、言简意赅，突出重点。不应过多叙述同行熟知的及教科书中的常识性内容，确有必要提及他人的研究成果和基本原理时，只需以参考引文的形式标出即可。在引言中提示本文的工作和观点时，意思应明确，语言应简练。 (3)、回顾历史要有重点，内容要紧扣文章标题，围绕标题介绍背景，用几句话概括即可;在提示所用的方法时，不要求写出方法、结果，不要展开讨论;虽可适当引用过去的文献内容，但不要长篇罗列，不能把前言写成该研究的历史发展;不要把前言写成文献小综述，更不要去重复说明那些教科书上已有，或本领域研究人员所共知的常识性内容。 (4)、尊重科学，实事求是。在前言中，评价论文的价值要恰如其分、实事求是，用词要科学，对本文的创新性最
高考英语议论文模板 三大要素：论点，论据，论证 基本结构：提出问题（引论）；分析问题（本论）；解决问题（结论） 常用论证方法：比较法例证法推理法归纳法驳论法 提纲式作文 （1）不同观点列举型( 选择型) 写作方法：有一些人认为…另一些人认为…我的看法… There is a widespread concern over the issue that 作文题目. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that 观点一. In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, 原因一. Besides, in the second place, 原因二. So it goes without saying that 观点一. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that 观点二. In their point of view, on the one hand, 原因一. On the other hand, 原因 二 . Therefore, there is no doubt that 观点二. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that 观点一或二. It is not only because _______________, but also because_______________. 题（一）：每年高考之前总会出现“高考移民”，他们设法到录取分数线较低的省份参加考试。你班同学就此展开讨论，提出以下两种相反意见： 请就此给“学生英语报Student Times”写一篇报道，说明上述讨论情况。 说明：1.词数100左右2.标题和开头段已给出. Students on the Move for Their Exams ─Fair or Unfair? Every year some students from high─score areas move to other provinces to take the Entrance Examination of the Colleges. Recently we had a discussion about this. 题（二）：目前,温州的街头出现了越来越多的猫与狗,对此“中学生英语报”组织了一场讨论：城市内是否可以饲养宠物。请你根据下表所提供的信息，介绍讨论情况，并说明自己的观点和建议。 注意1．词数100左右2．可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头语已为你写好。 Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether people should keep pets at home in cities. （2）利弊型的议论文 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测） 写作方法：1.说明事物现状2.事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） 3. 你对现状（或前景）的看法 Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) 作文题目. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in 题目议题. Generally speaking, it is
Writing an Introduction Elements of the introduction: 1.General statements about a field of research, to provide the reader with a setting or context for the problem to be reported and to claim its importance. 2.More specific statements about the aspects of the problem already studied by other researchers, laying a foundation of information already known. 3.Statements that indicate the need for more investigation, creating a gap for the present study. 4.Very specific statements giving the purpose/objectives of the writer’s study or outlining its main task. 5.Optional statements that give a positive value or justification for carrying out the study. 6.Statements that describe the structure or organization of the thesis. Organization 1.Introduction 1.1Background of the study (Setting: 1, 2) Recently, there has been wide interest in … The effect of … has been studied extensively in recent years. 1.2Literature Review (3) (if put in Part II, use Purpose and Significance/Implication of the study) Most studies have …. Much research has been done on …. Bachman (1990) showed that validity is an important aspect of writing language tests. … However, …/ Although many studies have been done on X, … 1.3Purpose of the study (4, 5) The purpose of this thesis is to analyze/investigate/explore/examine, etc. This thesis + describes/presents + the result of …. This thesis will discuss/deal with …. Significance or value: The study may provide an alternative …. The analysis may provide new insights into the teaching of literature in China. 1.4Structure of the thesis (6) The thesis contains four parts: Part 1 …. Part 2 is …. Part 3 …. Part 4 …. (Please refer to your outline.) For example: Using Microcomputers in Teaching During the past 40 years, the United States has experienced the integration of the computer into life of people. Progress has been made to the point that small, inexpensive computers are