托福词汇
如何记忆单词
1.阅读记忆：读reading；长期记忆；
2.词根、词缀、词源（单音节单词）、字母学规律+词汇理解
3.联想
词根词缀 untouchable
1.prefix(前缀)——肯定、否定/方向
2.suffix（后缀）——词性
3.root（词根）——词义
?progress/regress/ingress
o gress-to go
o re-again/back/against
?im/pro/vise-to do sth. immediately without preparation
?visible/visit
o vise-to see
o im/in-not/into
?benefactor-行善者
o or-people
o bene-benefit
o fact-to make-manufacture-factory
o manu-hand
etymology词源(看读音-读音相近、看拼写-拼写相似、看意思) ?shell-shelter/shield(+from)-保护、避难所
?feet-fetter-脚镣、束缚
?sit-seat
?feasible-feas+sible-fact+sible
?disburse-dis+burse-purse 支付
o dis-not/apart
o reimburse-reimbursment-re+im+burse 报销?kindle-candle 点燃
?sunder-thunder 分开，劈开/ (反)link
?miscellaneous-mis+cell+aneous (形容词后缀) 混杂、各种各样的?masquerade-mask+er+ade (名词后缀表集合) 假面舞会
?词源的变化规则
?元音之间可以互换：a e I o u y
?辅音之间：p-b; t-d; k-g-c-qu-x; f-v; s-z-x-th
?形近字母的互换：u/v/w; m/n的互换
renovate-re+nov/new+ate 翻新
lurk-lower 潜伏
?字母g, h的脱落（不发音）
arduous-ard/hard+uous-辛苦的费力的
hierarchy-hier/higher+archy(to rule统治) 等级制度
anarchy-an否定+archy 无政府状态
?固定转换：s/t/d, p/b/f/v/ph
assent-agree-as(a加辅音双写表加强)+sense 同意
consent-con+sense
dissent-dis+sense
amorphous 不定型的
联想法记单词
ish-像。。。一样
spout-喷出
sprout-发芽
多音节词汇拆词-认识的词，词根词缀，拼音，熟词，与熟词形近的部分chrysanthemum-cry/3/the/mum 菊花
pestilence-pest/il/ence 瘟疫
morose-mo/rose 郁闷的
precarious-pre/car/ious-pray+arious 不稳固的, 不安全的avalanche-ava+lan+che 雪崩
abjure v.宣布离开；放弃abandon sth. in public;
espouse v. 公开支持（spouse-spawn）
?ab-away-abnormal
?jure-jury-judge-swear 发誓
adjure 恳求，求情
?ad-加强
conjure 恳求，共同的誓言，变魔术do a magic
conjuror 魔术师
perjure 作伪证 perjury 伪证罪
?per-through/away
abominate: hate; abominable 痛恨
?ab-away
?ate-v后缀
?omin-omen-凶兆-amen
abhor-horrible; abhorrent
detest
?de-off-deforest 砍伐-dehydrate 脱水
loathe-loath (adj.)-oath 宣誓
abstain from 放弃；戒烟戒酒
abstinence 禁欲
?abs=ab-away (abs/tract; abs/cond 潜逃)
?tain-to keep-maintain
detain 扣留
?de-down
retain 保留
pertain to v. 属于；关于，提及
?pertinent adj. relevant 相关的
distain 贬低
?disdain 轻视
acerbic 酸的
?ac/acerb/acr=sour; sharp
?acid
?ace
exacerbate 恶化
acrid 尖刻的
?acrimonious adj.
acme 顶峰，顶点
?acne 粉刺，痘痘acumen 精明
affluence n. 富裕，富足
?af-flu-ence
?flu-flow-fluent superfluous 过剩的
?super-超级；on; more effluvia 废料
fluctuate 波动
flux n. 变迁
influx
优质参考文档 TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001.Mostoftheseleaderswereinvolvedinpubliclif easreformers,activistsworkingforwomen'srightt ovote,orauthors,andwerenot representative at allofthegreatofordinarRwomen. Theword"representative"isclosestinmeaningto whichoffollowing? (A)tRpical (B)satisfied (C)supportive (D)distinctive 002.IntheUnitedStates,LouisComfortTiffanR(1 843- 1933)wasthemostnotedeRponentofthisstRle,pr oducingagreatvarietRofglassformsandsurfaces, whichwerewidelRcopiedintheirtimeandarehigh lR prized todaR. Theword"prized"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoff ollowing? (A)valued (B)universal (C)uncommon (D)preserved 003.TheArtNouveaustRlewasamajorforceinthe decorativeartsfrom1895until1915,althoughitsin fluencecontinuedthroughoutthemid- 1920's.ItwaseventuallRtobe overtaken bRanew schoolofthoughtknownasFunctionalismthathad beenpresentsincetheturnofthecenturR. Theword"overtaken"isclosestinmeaningtowhic hoffollowing? (A)surpassed (B)inclined (C)eRpressed (D)applied 004.Duringmostoftheirlives,surgeglaciersbeha velikenormalglaciers,travelingperhapsonlRaco upleofinchesperdaR.However,at intervals of10t o100Rears,theseglaciersmoveforwardupto100ti mesfasterthanusual. Theword"intervals"isclosestinmeaningtowhich offollowing? (A)records (B)speeds (C)distances (D)periods 005.Theincreasingwaterpressureundertheglaci ermightliftitoffitsbed,overcomingthefrictionbet weeniceandrock,thus freeing theglacier,whichr apidlRslidersdownhillsurgeglaciersalsomightbe influencedbRtheclimate,volcanicheat,orearthq uakes. Theword"freeing"isclosestinmeaningtowhicho ffollowing? (A)pushing (B)releasing (C)strengthening (D)draining 006.AfloodoficewouldthensurgeintotheSouther nSea.Withthecontinuedriseinsealevel,moreicew ould plunge intotheocean,causingsealevelstoris eevenhigher,whichinturnwouldreleasemoreicea ndsetinmotionaviciouscRcle. Theword"plunge"isclosestinmeaningtowhichof following?
托福分类词汇表 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
托福分类词汇表（共17类863个常用单词） 一、psychology 心理 1. mental 心理的 2. physical 身体的，物质的，物理的 3. spiritual 心灵的 4. conformity 从众 5. majority 多数人 6. minority 少数人 7. threshold judgment （心理学）初始性判断 8. subject 受实验对象 9. 心理学 psychology 10. 心理现象 mental phenomenon 11. 心理过程 mental process 12. 心理状态 mental state 13. 心理活动 mental activity 14. 意识 consciousness 15. 内部活动 internal activity 16. 普通心理学 general psychology 17. 实验心理学 experimental psychology 18. 行为科学 behavioral science 19. 心身关系 mind-body relation 20. 遗传 heredity 21. 活动理论 activity theory 22. 中央处理器模型 central processor model 23. 信息储存 information storage 24. 人工智能 artificial intelligence, AI 25. 计算机类比 computer analogy 26. 计算机模拟 computer simulation 27. 计算机模型 computer model 28. 测谎器 lie detector 29. 预期误差 anticipation error
历年托福阅读真题高频词汇收集整理(5) Key 关键的important Converted修改 changed Antecedent 先行的的，先辈predecessor Appealing吸引人的 attractive Local 场所place Boosted推进 raised Scope 范围extent Prolific多产的，丰富的 productive Eager 热心的，渴望的enthusiastic Engaged使用，雇佣 hire Subsequent后来的 later Sums 总数amounts Identical同样的 exactly alike Graphic生动的，鲜明的 vivid Undoubtedly 毫无疑问的certainly Components 组成部分parts Besides 除此之外in addition to Flourished繁荣，昌盛 thrived
Grumbled 抱怨，牢骚complained Serve服务，适合 function Sole 的only Detecting 发现finding Sedentary久坐的，不活动的 inactive Subjected 受影响的exposed Essence 本质，精华basic nature Diverse 不同的different Noted 注意到 observed Emphasize 强调stress Accessible易接近的，可靠近的available Account for 解释，说明explain Smooth operation 顺利进行 effective functioning Cluster 成群 group Alert 警惕 ware Scurrying 急跑，匆忙走rushing Formidable 艰难地，令人敬畏的difficult Intent 目的，意向 purpose Regardless of 不管，不顾no matter what Marked 显著地noticeable Confine 限制 restrict
地理GEOGRAPHY plain平原plateau (highla nd) 咼地 con tour 轮廓；海岸线 con ti nen tal isla nd 大陆岛 geography 地理 geographer 地理学家lowla nd 低地volca nic isla nd 火山岛hemisphere 半球basin 盆地coral isla nd 珊瑚岛meridia n 子午线，经线caver n (cave) 洞穴in sular 海岛的 parallel平行圈，纬线oasis （沙漠）绿洲islet小岛 latitude 纬度cleft (flaw)裂缝penin sular 半岛 Ion gitude 经度crevice (rift; slit) 裂缝ledge 暗礁 elevatio n 海拔summit 山顶remote-se nsing 遥感的altitude 高度ran ge (山)脉terrain 地域 horizon 地平线valley 峡谷terrestrial 地球的，陆地的equator 赤道gorge 峡谷terrestrial heat Arctic北极canyon 峡谷(geothermal) 地热 An tarctic(A ntarctica) 南cha nn el (strait) 海峡terrestrial magn etism 极marine (maritime; (geomag netism) 地磁expediti on 探险oceanic )海的subterra nean( un dergro n avigati on 航海tide 潮汐ebb (away)退und）地底下 topography 地形,地形学潮evaporati on 蒸发 con ti nent 大陆sea-floor spreadi ng 海床sali nity 含盐度 con ti nen tal shelf 大陆架扩展sedime nt 沉淀物，沉积物 con ti nen tal drift 大陆漂ocea n bottom 海床tropics 热带地区 移说coastla nd 沿海地区tropical 热带的
Tips: 1.斜黑体字单词多为重点单词,供欲获得90分及以上学员研习。 2.带*号词根为重点词根,适用于全部托福考生,尤其是90分及以上考生。 3.某些初中或极简单单词未标注中文意思。 act,ag=act 行为,行动 action （act+ion）active (act+ive) activity(act+ity) actor actress actual实际的,具体的（做出来的）actually practice 练习,实践,实习（pr提前+act行动）practical react 反应（re相反+行为=反过来行为）reaction transact交易.交流（trans从一点到另一点+行为）transaction interact 交流,沟通,交换（inter彼此之间+act行为）interaction agency 机构,公司（ag做事情+ency表名词=做事情的地方）agent 代理人,经纪人（ag 做+ent人）agile灵巧的,灵活的（ag行动+ile反复的=能反复行动=灵活的）agility agenda议程,事项（要做得事）enact实施,颁布（en使+act→使〔法律〕动→实施法律） aer, aeri=air,表示空气 aerial 空气的（aeri+al 表形容词）aeromechanics 航空力（aero+mechanics 机械学）aerology 气象学，大气学（aero+ology 学科→空气学→大气学）aerospace（大气层内外）空间（aero+space 空间）aeroview 鸟瞰图 （aero+view 看→在空气中看→鸟瞰）aerobic n 有氧活动（aero空气+bio生活,活动）aerogram无线电报（aero+gram写）atmosphere 大气,气氛aviator飞行者aviation 飞行 alter, ali= to change, 表示“其他的，改变状态” alter 变更，收变alterable 可收变的（alter+able 能…的）alternation交互，交错（alternate+ion）alternative二者择一（的）（来自alternate 交替，交替选择的方法）alien 外国的,外来的,陌生的（ali+en 表形容词或名词意思为地方→其他地方的→外国的，外国人的）alienate疏远（alien 外国的＋ate→把别人当外国人→疏远）alienation am,amor,amat=love amateur爱好（业余）amatory 恋爱的,情人的amour 恋情,奸情amorous 多情的(amor爱+ous多)enamored 倾心的,被迷住的amiable和蔼的,亲切地amicable 友善平和的amity 友善enmity 敌意
托福阅读分类词汇汇总 一，建筑学词汇(上) architect 建筑师 architecture 建筑学 arch 拱形baroque style 巴洛克 rococo style 洛可可 pillar post 柱 bar tendon 钢筋construction 建造 icon 肖像，画像 coin:硬币statue 雕像 dam 坝 tunnel 隧道 canyon、gorge 峡谷monument 纪念碑 church 教堂abbey 教堂 landmark 路标里程碑suspension bridge 悬浮桥beam 梁dome vault 穹顶 granite 花岗岩collapse 坍塌 magnificent 壮丽的 reinforce 加强 stable 稳定的absorber 减震器 masterpiece 杰作,名著skyscraper 摩天大楼 sideways 侧面的 erect 盖，树立 peg 钉，栓sway 摇晃 upright 垂直的vertical 垂直的 wedge 三角木storey 层 eave 屋檐watchtower 瞭望塔 staircase 楼梯overhang 悬垂
roof 屋顶trunk 树干 craftsman 工匠column 圆柱 flex 弯曲 concept 概念 concrete 混凝土toughened glass 钢化玻璃 建筑学词汇(下) aerial view/bird eye view 鸟瞰图 symbol 象征 statue\sculpture 雕塑 blueprint 蓝图 sketch 草图 building orientation 建筑朝向 building structure 建筑结构 civil 土木 water supply and drainage 给排水 plot plan 总图 H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning) 采暖通风 electric power supply 电力供应 electric lighting 电气照明 telecommunication 电讯 instrument 仪表 heat power supply 热力供应civil architecture 民用建筑 piping 管道 fire-prevention 防火 aseismatic, quake-proof 防震 anti-corrosion 防腐
TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) typical (B) satisfied (C) supportive (D) distinctive 002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety today. The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) valued (B) universal (C) uncommon (D) preserved 003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) surpassed (B) inclined (C) expressed (D) applied 004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records (B) speeds (C) distances (D) periods 005. The increasing water pressure under the glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) pushing (B) releasing (C) strengthening (D) draining 006. A flood of ice would then surge into the turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) drop (B) extend (C) melt (D) drift 007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) necessary (B) typical (C) group (D) particular 008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious
TOEFL 巴朗词表Lesson 1 Abroad = overseas, internationally Abrupt = sudden Acceptable = permissible Acclaim = praise Actually = truly Adverse = unfavorable adversity: 逆境 adversary: 对? Advice = suggestion advisability: 适当、明智Attractive = appealing Autonomous = independent Disapproval = objection Disruptive = disturbing Haphazardly = arbitrary, carelessly Ideal = perfect Persistent = constant Wide = broad Lesson 2 Advanced = progressive Advantage = benefit Advent = arrival Agile = nimble: 动作敏捷、灵活的Albeit = although Allow = permit Appealing = alluring Celebrated = renowned Contemporary = current Distribute = dispense Encourage = inspire Energetic = vigorous Frail = fragile Refine = perfect Worthwhile = remarkable Lesson 3 Alter = modify Analyze = examine Ancient = old Annoying = bothersome Anticipate = predict Conform = adapt Detect = notice Enrich = enhance Intensify = heighten Intolerable = unbearable Observe = notice Ongoing = current Propose = suggest Restore = revitalize Vital = indispensable Lesson 4 Ambiguous = vague Apparent = visible Arbitrary = haphazard Assert = declare Astounding = astonishing Astute = perceptive Authorize = empower Deceptively = misleadingly Determined = resolute Elicit = extract Forbid = ban Petition = appeal Relinquish = abdicate: 放弃Resilient = tenacious: 适应?强的Tempt = entice Lesson 5 Amaze = astonish Baffle = puzzle Bear = yield Block = obstruct Blur = cloud Brilliant = radiant Caution = warn Challenge = dare Delicate = fragile Enhance = strengthen Intrigue = fascinate Persuade = convince Replace = substitute Shed = discard Unique = rare Lesson 6 Chiefly = mostly
托福分学科词汇汇总 Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】
托福词汇汇总 1 ASTRONOMY 天文 astronomy 天文学 astronomical 天文的 astronomical observatory 天文台 astronomer 天文学家 astrophysics 天文物理学 astrology 占星学 pseudoscience 伪科学 cosmos(universe) 宇宙 cosmology 宇宙学 infinite 无限的 cosmic 宇宙的 cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射 cosmic rays 宇宙射线 celestial 天的 celestial body (heavenly body) 天体 celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图 celestial sphere 天球 dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星 quasar 类星体，类星射电源 constellation 星座 galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系 cluster 星团 solar system 太阳系 solar corona 日冕 solar eclipse 日食
solar radiation 太阳辐射 planet 行星 planetoid (asteroid) 小行星 revolve 旋转，绕转 twinkle 闪烁 naked eye 肉眼 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星 orbit 轨道 spin 旋转 satellite 卫星 lunar 月球的 meteor 流星 meteor shower流星雨 meteoroid 流星体 meteorite 陨石 comet 彗星 space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服 space shuttle 航天飞机 space telescope空间望远镜 astronaut 宇航员 star 恒星 stellar 恒星的 intergalactic 星系间的 interstellar 恒星间的
part 1. 天文类 1 astronomy 天文 astronomy 天文学 astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学 cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学 infinite 无限的 cosmic 宇宙的 cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线 celestial 天的 celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球 dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星 quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座 galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系 cluster 星团 solar system 太阳系 solar corona 日冕 solar eclipse 日食 solar radiation 太阳辐射 planet 行星 planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转twinkle 闪烁 naked eye 肉眼 Mercury 水星 Venus 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星 Saturn 土星 Uranus 天王星 Neptune 海王星 Pluto 冥王星 orbit 轨道 spin 旋转 satellite 卫星 lunar 月球的 meteor 流星 meteor shower 流星雨meteoroid 流星体 meteorite 陨石
历年托福词汇题汇总440题(有答案)
TOEFL词汇题精选440题 001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women. The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) typical (B) satisfied (C) supportive (D) distinctive 002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) valued (B) universal (C) uncommon (D) preserved 003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) surpassed (B) inclined (C) expressed (D) applied 004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) records (B) speeds (C) distances (D) periods 005. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes. The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) pushing (B) releasing (C) strengthening (D) draining 006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) drop (B) extend (C) melt (D) drift 007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. The word "collective" is closest in 2
地理GEOGRAPHY geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球 meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 纬度 longitude 经度 elevation 海拔 altitude 高度 horizon 地平线 equator 赤道 Arctic 北极 Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险navigation 航海topography 地形，地形学continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架continental drift 大陆漂移说 plain 平原 plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地 basin 盆地 cavern (cave) 洞穴 oasis （沙漠）绿洲 cleft (flaw) 裂缝 crevice (rift; slit) 裂缝summit 山顶 range （山）脉 valley 峡谷 gorge 峡谷 canyon 峡谷 channel (strait) 海峡marine （maritime; oceanic）海的 tide 潮汐ebb (away) 退潮sea-floor spreading海床扩展 ocean bottom 海床coastland 沿海地区contour 轮廓；海岸线continental island大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛 coral island 珊瑚岛 insular 海岛的 islet 小岛 peninsular 半岛 ledge 暗礁 remote-sensing 遥感的 terrain 地域 terrestrial 地球的，陆地的 terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热 terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁 subterranean( underground) 地底下 evaporation 蒸发 salinity 含盐度 sediment 沉淀物，沉积物 tropics 热带地区 tropical 热带的 temperate 温带的 temperate latitudes 温带地 区 frigid 寒带的 frost heaving 冻胀现象 [编辑] 地质 geology 地质学 geologist 地质学家 crust 地壳 mantle 地幔 core 地核 continental crust 大陆地壳 oceanic crust 海洋地壳 layer (stratum,复strata) 地 层 plate 板块 fault 断层 fault plane 断层面 fault zone 断层带 rift (crack; split) 断裂 fossil 化石 petrify 石化，硬化 igneous rock 火成岩 sedimentary rock 沉积岩 metamorphic rock 变质岩 quartz 石英 limestone 石灰岩 marble 大理石 granite 花岗岩 lithogenous 岩成的 lithosphere 岩石圈 mineral 矿物 ore 矿石 deposit 矿床 platinum 白金，铂 silver 银 copper 黄铜 aluminum 铝 tin 锡 lead 铅 zinc 锌 nickel 镍 mercury 汞，水银 sodium 钠 fieldstone 卵石 gem 宝石 diamond 钻石 emerald 绿宝石 ruby 红宝石 crystal 水晶 glacier 冰川 glacial 冰川的 glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川期 glacial drift 冰渍 iceberg 冰山 volcano 火山 active volcano 活火山 extinct volcano 死火山 dormant volcano 休眠火山 eruption 火山喷发 crater 火山口 lava (magma) 火山岩浆 magma 岩浆 volcanic 火山的 volcanic dust火山尘 volcanic ash火山灰 earthquake ( quake; tremor;
TOEFL分类词汇 根据“最强的天使”的托福分类词汇及语音文件汇总整理 1 地理 GEOGRAPHY geography 地理 geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球 meridian 子午线，经线 parallel 平行圈，纬线 latitude 经度 longitude 精度 elevation 海拔 altitude 高度 temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线 equator 赤道 tropics 热带地区 Arctic 北极 Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险 time zone 时区 topography 地形，地形学 plain 平原 plateau (highland) 高地 lowland 低地 basin 盆地 cavern (cave) 洞穴 terrain 地域 subterranean ( underground) 地底下 coastland 沿海地区 island 岛屿 continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛 coral island 珊瑚岛 islet 小岛 peninsular 半岛 continent 大陆 continental shelf 大陆架 ranges 山脉 valley 峡谷 canyon 峡谷 channel (strait) 海峡 remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的 terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热 terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁 continental drift 大陆漂移学说 sea-floor spreading 海床扩展 evaporation 蒸发 salinity 含盐度 ocean bottom 海床 sediment 沉淀物，沉积物 tropical 热带的 temperate 温带的 frigid 寒带的 formation 形成 frost heaving 冻胀现象 fieldstone 卵石 2地质类 geology 地质学 geologist 地质学家 crust 地壳 mantle 地幔 core 地核 continental crust 大陆地壳 oceanic crust 海洋地壳 layer (stratum,复数strata) 地层 plate 板块 fault 断层 fault plane 断层面 fault zone 断层带 rift (crack; split) 断裂 disintegration (decomposition) 分 解 erosion 腐蚀 fossil 化石 igneous rock 火成岩 sedimentary rock 沉积岩 metamorphic rock 变质岩 quartz 石英 limestone 石灰岩 marble 大理石 granite 花岗岩 lithogenous 岩成的 lithosphere 岩石圈 magma 岩浆 mineral 矿物 ore 矿石 deposit 矿床 platinum 白金，铂 silver 银 copper 黄铜 aluminum 铝 tin 锡 lead 铅 zinc 锌 nickel 镍 mercury 汞，水银 sodium 钠 gem 宝石 diamond 钻石 emerald 绿宝石 ruby 红宝石 glacier 冰川 glacial 冰川的 glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川 期 glacial drift 冰渍 iceberg 冰山 volcano 火山 active volcano 活火山 extinct volcano 死火山 dormant volcano 休眠火山 eruption 火山喷发 crater 火山口 lava 火山岩浆 volcanic 火山的 volcanic dust 火山尘 volcanic ash 火山灰 earthquake ( quake; tremor; seism) 地震 seismic 地震的 seismology 地震学 magnitude 震级 1