托福优点短语
1 offer a sense of job satisfaction and security 带来工作的满意感和安全感
2lay a solid professional working experience 积累扎实的工作经验
3 reduce/cut down expenditure 削减支出
4increase/generate job opportunities 创造就业机会
5meet/satisfy personalized needs 满足人性化的需求
6promote talent introduction and exchange 促进人才的引进与交流
7keep skills fresh and up-to-date 保证技术的不落伍
8better/promote/enhance/further human resource development 完善人力资源的发展
9lay a solid foundation for 奠定坚实的基础
10 pave the way for the future/development 为未来铺平了道路
11foster a sense of competition and cooperation 培养合作感与竞争感
12cultivate the spirit of team working 培养团队合作精神
13master interpersonal skills 掌握人及关系技巧
14widen one’s knowledge 拓宽知识面
15enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富社会与人生经历
16enlarge one’s view/broaden one’s horizon 拓宽视野
17realize the value of life 实现人生价值
18surmount/overcome/win over /master difficulties 克服困难
19grasp good communication skills 掌握人际交流技巧
20remove misunderstanding and discrimination 消除误解与歧视
21keep balance between work and family 保持事业与家庭的平衡
22raise the standard of living提高生活水平
23penetrate every corner of our life and be impressive 贯穿生活的每一个角落而且是印象深刻的
25enrich people’s spiritual life 丰富人们的精神生活
26promote social skills and competence 提高社交技巧与能力
27strengthen the family ties促进家庭团结
28cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培养强烈的责任感
29bring joys and comforts to sb带来愉悦与舒适
30usher in a brand-new life-style引入全新的生活方式
31relieve the pressure of 缓解压力
32maintain the community stability 保持社会的稳定
33improve the utilization rate of energy resources提高能源的利用率
34make full use of充分利用
35satisfy people’s needs/meet the demands of people 满足人们的需求36promote the development of relative industries促进相关产业的发展
37stimulate domestic needs刺激国内需求
38impel economic development促进经济的发展
39generate jobs, income and tax revenues扩大就业机会，提高收入
40enhance mutual understanding促进相互的理解
41boost local development促进当地的发展
42promote cultural exchange and cooperation促进文化的交流与合作
43enrich one’s experience of life 丰富人生经历
44strengthen the ties with outside world加强与外面世界的联系
45realize the sustainable development of resources实现能源的可持续发展46foster a climate of peace and prosperity营造和平繁荣的气氛
47stimulate our feelings of togetherness 激发团结
49reduce the labor intensity 降低劳动强度
50stimulate one’s imagination and interest in sth 刺激人们的想象里与兴趣51accelerate the flow of information 加速信息的流动
52prvide more business opportunities 提供商机
53increase the productivity 提高生产力
54create more opportunities for education 创造受教育的机会
55improve educational conditions 改善教育条件
56release people from hard manual work 使人们从繁重的体力劳动中解脱出来57speed up technical innovation 加速技术革新
58better the development of human society 完善人力资源的发展
59promote the social inclusion 提高社会的包容度
60bring immeasurable economic benefits 带来巨大的经济效益
弊端短语
1. put sb or sth at risk 使。。。冒风险
2. be a serious setback for the career development对职业发展是一个严重的挫折
3. be lack of a sense of job security 缺乏工作的安全感
4. distract sb from doing sth 是某人从某事中分心
5. impose a heave strain on 带来巨大的压力
6. be exaggerated and cheating 夸大且欺骗的
7. be the invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私
8. violate rights of free speech侵犯言论自由的权利
9. endanger social stability and safety 危害到社会的稳定与安全
10. restrain sb from doing 限制某人做某事
11. arouse resistances in the public 引发公众的对立
12. be very orthodox in one’s behavior行为正统
13. be incompatible with the present work与当前的工作不融合
14. go astray 误入歧途
15. undermine local culture 破环当地文化
16. jeopardize the safety and stability of the society 破坏社会的安全与稳定
17. set a bad example to 树立坏的榜样
18. lead to the extinction of some species 导致一些物种的灭绝
19. result in shortage of energy and natural resources导致能源的短缺
20. be irreparable and irreversible damage 不可修复性的破环
21. to cause the estrangement/isolation/alienation between A and B 导致了A与B之间的疏远
22. bring disgrace on sb 为。。。带来耻辱
23. suffer heavy losses 损失惨重
25. lack basic infrastructures 缺乏基础设施
26. break the ecological balance 破环生态平衡
27. lead to extravagant waste of public funds 导致公共资金的极度浪费
28. make…in disorder 使混乱
29. be detached from 脱离。。。
30. be harmful to our physical and mental and health 损害身心健康
31. lead to degradation of social atmosphere 世风日下
32. further widen the gaps between the rich and the poor 进一步加大贫富之间的差距
33. be the drying up of our limited natural resources and the deterioration of the environment
有限的自然资源的枯竭和环境的恶化
34. contaminate environment 污染环境
35. generate electromagnetic radiation and jeopardize human health
产生电磁污染而且危害人类健康
36. bring about the risks such as computer virus, nuclear leakage, biological weapons, global warming, exhaustion of natural resources and extinction of many plant and animal species 带来很多风险，比如电脑病毒，核泄露，生化武器，全球变暖，自然资源的枯竭以及很多动植物物种的灭绝
37. be a root of all evils 万恶之源
38. be easily taken in by 容易被欺骗
39. aggravate the traffic jams and worsen the crowdedness 使交通堵塞和拥挤更为恶化
40. will pay a high price for this negative development of 为。。的负面发展付出高昂的代价。
托福话题短语 A
1. cultivate one’s independence 培养独立性
2. develop/cultivate/foster a strong sense of responsibility 培养强烈的责任感
3. foster a sense of competition and cooperation 培养竞争和合作感
4. be necessary to sth 对。。。是必要的
5. in one’s future career/development 在未来的事业发展中
6. enhance one’s social awareness/consciousness/realization 提高人们的社会意识
7. become more socially adaptable 更具社会适应性
8. keep pace with the outside world 跟上外面世界的步伐
9. build up/ establish one’s confidence 建立自信
10. offer somebody a sense of achievement/ accomplishment 给与成就感
11. actualize/realize one’s value and capability 实现价值与能力
12. make money/earn money 挣钱13. form a good habit of frugality/thrift 养成勤俭的习惯14. provide a chance/opportunity for sb 提供机会15. apply A into B 把A应用到B 中16. apply for sth 申请17. in return/in reward 作为回报
18. obtain/acquire/reap/gain/attain 获取19. cooperate and compromise 合作与妥协
20. master interpersonal skills 掌握人际关系技巧
21. ease/lessen/relieve financial strain/burden 缓解经济压力和负担
22. enjoy a more colorful and interesting campus life 享受多彩和有趣的校园生活
23. widen one’s horizon 拓宽视野
24. shape one’s character 塑造性格
25. exert a negative/adverse impact on one’s study and life 对学习很生活产生负面的影响
26. have a positive influence on sth/sb对学习很生活产生正面的影响
27. take up/occupy one’s space and time 占用时间和空间
29. make the best of/ to make full use of/ to take the advantage of 充分利用
30. be essential to/be fundamental to/ be basic to 对。。是很根本的
31. be mature and rational/be immature and irrational 成熟和理性的/或相反
32. be vulnerable to/ be exposed to 对。。是敏感的/暴露在。。。
33. social evils 社会罪恶
34. go astray/be led into traps/to become lost sheep/to fall down the slippery slope 误入歧途
35. tell/distinguish/differentiate right from wrong 明辨是非
36. distinguished and outstanding 特点鲜明的
37. It is unavoidable that …是不可避免的
38. become money-oriented/money-pursuing/money worship 变成拜金主义
39. be spiritually contaminated/poisoned/polluted 精神污染
40. the bulging pockets 鼓鼓的钱包
41. lead sb to the false conception that/ make sb get wrong ideas about/ make sb misunderstand that 使人误解
42. It is no use doing sth 做。。。。没有用
43. raise /revoke/arouse doubt about the necessity/feasibility of sth 质疑。。。的有用性
44. at the cost/price of 以。。。为代价
45. demonstrate/illustrate/display one’s ability in sth 展示在。。。的能力
46. distract one’s attention to sth 使人分心
47. keep/strike a good balance between A and B 保持A和B之间的平衡
48. lag behind 落后
49. give priority to sth/ attach importance to sth/ lay emphasis on sth 优先。。。
50. up side/down side merit/demerit 优点很缺点
托福话题短语 B
1. to shoulder/assume the responsibility 承担责任
2. be blamed partially for sth 为。。负部分的责任
3. the bad behaviors of sb 某人的不齿行为
4. refrain sb from sth/ prevent sb from sth 限制。。。做某事
5. be badly spoiled 被惯坏
6. pave the way for 为。。。铺平道路
7. in terms of /as…as be concerned 就。。。而言
8. the legitimate guardians 立法监督
9. be duty-bound to do sth 有责任做。。。
10. to give proper guidance/instructions to sb 适度的引导
11. to urge/spur/activate sb to do sth 引导。。。做
12. to strengthen/consolidate the supervision over sb/sth 加强对…的监督
13. remind sb of sth/remind sb to do sth 提醒。。。。某事
14. the importance and seriousness of sth 。。。的严重性和重要性
15. one’s mischief and misconduct 某人的不正当行为
16. attribute to /result from/owe to 归功于。。。
17. contribute to /result in/bring about/cause/lead to/give rise to 导致…
18. laxity/negligence/excessive permissiveness 松懈
19. be closely linked/associated with 和。。。有紧密的联系
20. specialize in sth 专注于。。
21. consequently/ as result 因此
22. resort to/ turn to sth 求助于。。。
23. corporal punishment 体罚..
25. bear heavy psychological burden/strain 承受巨大的心理压力
26. add to the mental strain to sb 带来心理压力
27. cause the estrangement/isolation/alienation between A and B 导致A和B 之间的疏远
28. worsen/exacerbate/deteriorate the relationship 恶化关系
29. damage/ruin the harmony of/ harmonious life 破坏和谐的生活
30. undermine the social stability 破坏社会的稳定性
31. shield/shade/roof sb from sth 蒙蔽。。。
32. develop a correct sense of sth 培养。。的正确感
33. under such circumstance/in such situation 在。。。的情况下
34. be unbridled/untied 团结的
35. take A into account/consideration 把A考虑进去
36. give A some more consideration/more thought 关注A
37. account for/ explain 负责
38. be conducive/beneficial to 有益的
39. bridge the gap between 弥补。。之间的代沟
40. moral training道德训练
41. the thorny problem 棘手的问题
42. be upright and just 公正的
托福话题短语 C
1. famous people/celebrity 名人
2. public figures 公众人物
3. come under intense scrutiny/supervision 在。。。的严密监督之下
4. pay for sth 付出代价
5. to enrich one’s leisure time/recreation/entertainment 丰富业余生活
6. become an indispensable/unalienable part of life 成为生活中不可缺少的一部分
7. have the right to do 有权做。。。
8. be curious about 对。。很好奇
9. the nature of people 人的本性
10. decent manners 正派的行为
11. eliminate/get rid of sth 摆脱…
12. as far/much as possible/ to the full 至多..
13. be of great importance/ significance to sth 意义重大
14. bring the free publicity/propaganda 为。。。带来知明度
15. make/create/fabricate affairs to draw/attact/grab public attention 编造事实来吸引公众的注意力
16. increase/improve/enhance one’s popularity 提高知命度
17. keen/fierce/intense/acute/vital competition 激烈的竞争
18. compete for sth 为。。而竞争
19. make profit/revenue/income 盈利
20. be satisfied with 对。。感到满意
21. be attractive and entertaining 有吸引力很娱乐性的
22. to protect one’s privacy 保护隐私
23. to deprive sb of sth 剥夺。的权力
24. the sensational coverage/report 轰动的报道
26. It is reported that 据报道
27. be misleading and confusing 误导和令人迷惑的
28. to produce profound negative impact on the growth of children 对儿童的成长产生负面的影响
29. be equal to 等同于.. 30. personal assault 个人攻击
31. be harmful/detrimental/poisonous/pernicious to 对。。是有害的
32. interrupt/interfere/intervene/disturb the normal life of sb 破坏。。。的正常生活
33. to slander/libel/insult/defame one’s rivals/opponents viciously 诽谤竞争对手
34. to violate/break the game rules 违反游戏规则
35. be instructive and meaningful to 有指导性和有意义的
36. the senseless and dull report 无聊很没有意义的报道
37. focus on/concentrate on sth 关注。。
38. artistic talent 艺术天分
39. autograph hound/dog packs
40. be hauled/pushed into the spotlight 成为焦点
41. behave oneself 行为检点
42. by illegal/unlawful means 不合法的方式
43. glamorous and charming 有魅力的44. the gossip column 八卦专栏
45. mass media 大众媒体46. on the condition that/provided/if 以。。。为条件
47. scandal sheet 丑闻
48. sneak secret shots of sb 窃听。。的秘密49. tail celebrity 监视名人
50. splash/over-promote/boast/over-publicize sth 吹嘘。。。/过分宣扬
51. under supervision/observation/scrutiny 在。。监督下
52. with the permission/consent of sth 征得。。的同意
托福话题短语 D
1. the combination of one’s capabilities and arduous efforts 能力与巨大的努力相结合
2. theoretical study 理论学习
3. one’s endeavor and arduous efforts …的巨大努力
4. count more/be more important 十分重要
5. integrated factors 综合因素
6. the exploitation of sth 开发。。
7. the decisive/determinant factor 8. the cultivation of sth
9. provide much solid evidence 提供充分的证据
10. play a crucial role in sth 发挥了重要作用
11. prepare oneself for sth 为。。。做好准备
12. handle human relationship tactfully 灵巧地处理人际关系
13. endure/tolerate pressure 忍受压力14. to defy frustration optimistically 乐观地挑战失败
15. render/offer/give sb a comparatively systematic and comprehensive knowledge and various skills 带来相对系统和全面的了解
16. lay a solid foundation 打下坚实的基础17. benefit from 从中获益
18. be handed down from ancestors 从祖先传承下来
19. draw lesson from the failure of our predecessors 从失败中吸取教训
20. avoid detour 避免走弯路21. distinguish/establish oneself in society 在社会中立足22. achievement and accomplishment 成就23. with the advent/coming/appearance of 随着.. 来临
24. a sound academic background 出色的学术背景
25. communicate and cooperate with sb 交流与合作
26. to acquire the interpersonal skills 获得人际技巧
27. a miniature society 社会缩影28. comprehensive quality 综合素质
29. EQ/emotional-quotient IQ/intelligence-quotient 情商和智商
30. era of knowledge-based economy 知识经济的年代
31. ivory tower 象牙塔32. give the way to 让位于…
Topic Five
1. duty and obligation 责任与义务
2. heal the wounded and rescue the dying 救死扶伤
3. have plastic surgery operations 进行整容手术
4. promote vocational ethics 提高职业道德
5. be entitled the right of 有。。。的权力
6. It is suggested that 有人建议
7. desire for/long for 渴望8. It is desirable that 渴望
9. bear the fact in mind that 记住10. be bent on profit 追求利润
11. bring disgrace/flaw/stain /shame/to their lofty occupation 为崇高的职业带来耻辱
12. be competent and responsible 有能力很责任感13. devote/exert/commit oneself to 奉献14. bring one’s strong point into full play 充分发挥15. belong to 属于
16. cure the sick/to soothe/relieve the pain 治疗/安抚17. be sad and pitiful 伤心遗憾的
18. to lose compassion/sympathy 没有同情心19. to deserve sth/be worth doing 值得做20. to stress/emphasize sth 强调。。21. to make both ends meet 收支相抵
22. throw oneself into/devote oneself to/dedicate oneself to 投入到。/。。
23. talk in a big way/count 说大话
24. cater to/satisfy/meet/appease/suffice the need of 迎合或者满足
25. earn good money/make fortune 赚大钱
26. put one’s heart into one’s work/ to keep one’s mind on one’s work 投入到工作中
27. cure sb of sth 治疗28. line one’s pocket/be gainful 有收获的
29. sully/tarnish/humiliate/flaw/stain/discredit 消除耻辱
30. read one’s mentality 读懂。。的心态
31. beyond reproach/blameless 无法指责
32. be in deep agony 极度痛苦
33. give scope to one’s special skills 有发挥特殊才能的空间
35. occupation moral 职业道德
36. self-seeking/selfish 自私的
37. sacred and lofty profession/occupation/cause 高尚的职业
高分的地道词汇
1 prior to …在...之前
2 reach the overwhelming consensus 达成绝对一致
3 be not rivaled …没有什么能够匹敌
4 be hailed as 被当作。。。（好事）
5 trigger 导致
6 a fringe of 一小部分
7 discrepancy 差异8 built-in 内置
9 inclination 倾向10 develop a hit-list of our main fears 列出一串我们很担忧的事情11 in vast numbers 大量地12appear=seem 看起来
13 pose a devastating problem 带来了严重的问题14 have=share
15 it will matter/work 会起作用的16 do more harm than good 弊大于利
17amount to 攀升18 to put it another way, 换言之
19 launch 开始、启动20 be derived from …来自于
21 the impetus/drive of ……的动力22make sth possible/make it possible that使…成为可能23 be known as ..以…而著称24 enjoy an unparalleled popularity 无比流行
25 serve …purpose 实现…的目标26 have superiority/inferiority to 比…优越/比…自卑27 rely on/rest on 取决于28 viewed from this angle 从这个角度看
29 tap into=understand 30 result from 由于。。。
31 full-fledged 发达的32 dimension 方面
33dub 授予…称号34 foreseeable 可预见的
35 painstaking 痛苦的（艰巨的）painstaking task 36 far from…远没有达到
37 at one’s broadest 38 against 而不是绝对的高分用法
高分写作句式
1 the extent to which ….（在多大程度上）
The phenomenon reveals the extent to which human beings are suffering from the soaring increase of private cars
2 A is to B what C is to D
Water is to fish what air is to human
3 given that /given that importance/seriousness/significance of …..,（考虑到。。。的重要性/严重性/重大意义）
Given the seriousness of the soaring increase of private cars, severe restriction must be imposed
5 nothing has received more praise and abuse than ….(没什么能像。。。。。这样毁誉参半)
Nothing has received more praise than abuse than internet
6so + adj+系动词+主语+that + 句子（太。。。以致于。。。）
So serious is the pollution that government has to take effective steps
7 it is advisable/desirable(可取得)/conceivable/(可想而知)/profitable（有利可图）/as clear as crystal(非常清晰)/manifest(显而易见)/probable/likely(可能的)
It is manifest that space research has wasted a large sum of money
8nothing is further from the truth than this opinion(没有任何一种说法比这种观点更荒唐了)
9do A by either /not only/both doing B or/but also/and doing c)(通过做A 来实现B,)
Pollution can be controlled by either/not only/both restricting the increasing private cars or/but also/and arousing the public’s awareness of protecting environment
10it must be stressed out that...(必须要指出)
It must be stressed out that happiness depends on at least 3 considerations
11 名词，介词+which/whom +句子(非限制定语从句的高分句式，尤其要敢于在从句前加表程度或情感的副词或者介词短语)
Government has taken effective steps, at least three of which will bring benefits to us in a long run
I have a large circle of friends, pitifully several of whom can be dependable.
12 A…hava(has) become an integral part of …B（A已经成为了B中的一部分）
Being considerate has become an integral part of successful management
13 句子+ with a view/with an aim to ( 作什么事情目的是。。。，是替换in order to 的有效句式) The costly technology was initially introduced into this country with an aim to cure millions of people suffering from the disease
14as is generally believed,…(众所周知。。。。)
As is generally believed, the air of cities has become unbreathable
15A…provide the initiative and incentive to do sth A 带来了积极性和热情
16…. might prove to be a successful antidote to …(…也许是个成功的解决办法)
A mould might prove to be a successful antidote to bacterial infection
17 it is not until …. That + 句子（直到。。才。。。）
It is not until the moment when we are trapped in troubles that we will adopt steps.
18 not only+倒装的句子，but (最好有个副词)+句子
Not only should the government take effective measures, but actively, the public make great efforts.
19 despite/in spite of/regardless of the fact that ….让步状语从句的高分句式
Despite of the fact that the vies seems attractive, it can not hold water
20 associate…A with B 把A和B联系起来
People always associate the ability of using computers with success
21 mirror ….（反映出）
Constant disasters mirror the lack of consciousness of environment protection
22 A…become seriously interested in …B A对B 变得越来越有兴趣了
More and more people become seriously interested in keep fit by doing exercises
23 owe A to B 把A归功于B
People should partly owe their success to their abilities to deal with stress.
24 rather than/without doing sth…没有做。。。，反倒作了。。。（用于正反对比）
Rather than improving people’s lives, private cars has led to the deterioration.
25 it is by no means + adj+ 句子(or to do)绝不。。。（更多用于双重否定）
It is by no means pointless, in any way, to try to keep traditions alive with technology
26 …have(has) been drawn to the attention of 成为公众关注的焦点
The seriousness of contamination has been drawn to the attention of international organizations.
27 ….. is of great importance/significance/value/uselul 替换important/significant/value/use很好的方式
28 one of the most fascinating and disturbing problems …让人爱恨交织的问题之一是
one of the most fascinating and disturbing problems
29 seems to be getting worse 似乎越来越严重
Situation seems to be getting worse
30 a quick look at the facts shows a different picture 快速地了解事实会让我们有另一番感受
a quick look at the facts shows a different picture that planes do save our time
31evidently, something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem
显而易见，要采取猛烈的措施来对付这个代价不菲的问题
1.依靠：dependon=relyon 2.导致：leadto=cause=resultin 3.源于：resultfrom=stemfrom 4.使用：use=apply 5.利用：takeadvantageof=makeuseof 6.带来：bring=provide=offer=supply 7.努力做：makemosteffortsto=workhardto=striveto 8.花时间做：spendtime/money/energy/lifeonsth/doingsth 9.专注于：focuson=payattentionto=concentrateto 10.分心/打扰： distractsbfromsth=disturbsb/sth=interruptsb/sth=obsesssbwithsthdistraction=diver sion=disturbance 11.起到作用：servetodo=playarole in doing = have a function to do = make a contribution to (对……做出贡献) 12.目的是：attempt to do = have an intention to do/of = have a purpose to do/of = have an objective to do/of = aim at doing/sth 13.为了：in order to do = for the purpose of doing/sth = with the view of doing/sth 14.有利于：bring benefits to = be benefitial to = bring advantages to 15.有害于：bring harms to = damage sth = ruin sth = undermine sth = be harmful to/for = be detrimental to/for 16.威胁到：endanger sb/sth = risk sb/sth = threaten sb/sth = place sb/sth into the danger/risk/threat 17.影响：have (positive/negative) effects/influence/impacts on sth 18.强调：stress = emphasize 19.忽略：ignore = neglect = overlook 20.联系：connect to/with = communicate with = contact to/with = have an access to = associate with(和……相关) 21.处理：deal with = cope with = handle = tackle 22.避免/预防/远离：keep A from B = prevent A from B = A avoid B = A refrain from B = A be away from B
in detail 详细地 in difficulties 处境 困难 in effect 实际上 雅思写作必背核心词组 发表时间：2008年7月11日 中国雅思网 at (the) best 充其量，至多 on bus in ess 因公，因事 in case 假如，以防（万一）免得 in any eve nt 无论如何 in no case 决不 in charge of 负责…，主管… in the face of 面对…，不顾… in common 共用，共有，共同 in favor of 有利于…，赞成…，支持… in con clusi on 最后，总之 in gen eral 通常，大体 上 on con diti on that 在…条件下 at heart 在内心，实质上 by accide nt 偶然 in con trast with/to 与…成对照 on acco unt of 因为…，由于… un der control 被控制住 in additi on to 除…之外 at all costs 不惜任何代 价 on (the/a n) average 平均，一般来说 at the cost of 以…为代价 on the basis of 根据…，在…的基础上 in the course of 在…过程中，在…期间 in any case 无论如何，总之 on earth 究竟，至U 底 in case of 假使…，万一 at all events 无论如何 by cha nee 偶然，碰巧 with the exception of 除…之?外 in connection with/to 关于… in honor of 为纪念…，向…表示敬意 in consequenee 因此，结果 at in tervals 不时，时时 in con seque nee of 由于…的缘故 at length 终于，最后，详细地 on the con trary 反之，正相反 at a loss 困惑，不知所措
在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中，连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准，连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段（即连接词）来实现的。连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识，在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难，那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法，学连接词就简便得多。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词，副词，介词和短语，它们各自的用法又不一样。 连词 如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。 例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词) 段落开始：But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首) 介词 如before, despite：后接名词或动名词 例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment. 副词 副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句） 例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.( 副词另起一句) The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. ( 副词在并列句中) 短语 如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样 例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion. The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. ( 短语在并列句中) 掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后，连接词的教学和运用就容易展开。我们可以参看考官范文，看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词，使文章凸显出来。 因果关系 根据词性及用法可归结于: because / since/ as / for, so (连词), because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of (介词) for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly (短语和副词) 例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）
【必背】常考的雅思词汇和短语 分类：个人日志阅读:(1176) 转载评论举报 60条通用优点: 1 offer a ｓｅｎsｅ of ｊｏb ｓａtisfａction and securiｔy 带来工作的满意感和安全感 ２lay a soｌid prｏfessｉoｎaｌ workｉｎg ｅxperience 积累扎实的工作经验 3 ｒeduce/cuｔ down ｅxpeｎｄitｕｒｅ削减支出 4iｎcrease/ｇｅnerate job opｐｏrtunities 创造就业机会 ５meｅt/saｔｉsfy pｅｒsｏnａliｚeｄｎeeds 满足人性化的需求 ６promｏｔe talｅnｔｉntrodｕｃｔｉon aｎd eｘchａｎｇe 促进人才的引进与交流 7keep ｓkiｌlｓ fresh ａnd up－to-daｔe 保证技术的不落伍 8beｔｔer／pｒomote/ｅｎhance/fuｒtｈer human resoｕrce dｅvelo ｐmeｎt 完善人力资源的发展 ９lay a soｌid ｆoｕndatiｏn ｆoｒ奠定坚实的基础 1０ pave the ｗay ｆor ｔhe fuｔｕｒe/dｅvelopmeｎt 为未来铺平了道路 11fｏster ａ senｓe of coｍpｅｔitｉon anｄｃooperaｔion 培养合作感与竞争感 12cｕltivate the spiｒiｔ of team wｏｒking 培养团队合作精神 1３ｍａster inｔerpersonal ｓｋills 掌握人及关系技巧 14wiｄen one’ｓ knowledge 拓宽知识面 15ｅnｒicｈone’ｓｓｏｃｉal aｎd ｌife experienｃe 丰富社会与人生经历 16ｅnlａrｇｅone’s view/broaｄeｎone’s horｉzon 拓宽视野
雅思常见词组 accustomed to 习惯于 a couple of 一对，一双；几个 a few 少许，一些 a good deal 许多，大量， a good many 大量的，许多 a number of 一些，许多 a series of 一系列，一连串 abound in 盛产，富于，充满above all 首先，首要，尤其是abstain from 放弃，避开 access to 接近，通向…的入口according as 根据…而… according to 根据，按照 account for 说明（原因等），解释accuse sb. of sth. 控告（某人某事）act for 代理 act on 按照…而行动 act out 演出 adapt to 适应 add up to 合计达，总计是 adhere to 黏附，坚持 admit of 容许有，有…余地 admit to 承认 advertise for 登广告征求（寻找）某物affect to 假装 afford to 买得起某物 after a while 过了一会，不久 after all 毕竟，终究，虽然这样agree on 同意，赞同 ahead of 先于，胜过 ahead of schedule 提前 ahead of time 提前，在原定时间以前all along 始终，一直，一贯 all at once 突然，同时，一起 all but 几乎，差一点 all in all 总的说来；同等重要 all of a sudden 突然，冷不防 all one’s life 一辈子，一生 all out 竭尽全力 all over 到处，遍及，全部结束all round 行，可以，顺利，确实all the same 仍然，照样 all the time 一直，始终 all the years round 一年到头 all too 太 allow for 考虑到，估计到，体谅along with 同…一起 amount to 总共达到，实际上是amount to 等于 and all that 诸如此类 and so 所以，因此；同样 and that 而且 and the like 等等，诸如此类 and then 于是，然后 and what not 诸如此类，等等 and yet 而，然而 answer back 顶嘴，回嘴 answer for 对…负责，符合 answer up 应对迅速 any longer 再 anything but 除…以外任何事物 apart from 除…之外 apply for 提出 approach to 接近，约等于 approve of 赞成，满意 arm in arm 手挽手 around the clock 昼夜不断地，全天地arrive at 到达 as...as 像，如同，与…一样 as a matter of fact 事实上，其实 as a result of 由于，作为…的结果 as a rule 通常，一般来说 as a whole 总体上 as best one can 尽最大努力 as concerns 关于 as far as 那么远；直到；至于 as follows 如下 as for 至于，就…方面而言 as for as 就…而论，据… as good as 和…几乎一样
雅思写作必背300句 教育话题 家庭生活 现代科技 媒体 动物 环境、交通、资源 传统与发展变化 政府话题 平等 其他话题 教育话题 The uneducated person, on the other hand, is either unable to do something new, or does it badly. 相反地，一个未受过教育的人不是无法做好新事情，就是做得很糟。 Through systematic study in school, children can learn how to study, how to create and how to be a human being. 通过在学校的系统学习，孩子们都能学会如何学习、如何创造以及如何做人。 It is common for university students to share their dormitory rooms with another student, and at some universities this is required. 对于大学生来说，和另一个学生同住宿舍是很常见的事，而且在有些学校是明文规定的。 First, it is usually located on the campus and so it is very convenient for students to get to their classes, the library, and other university facilities. 首先，宿舍通常都在校园内，因此对学生来说，不论要去上课，去图书馆，还是要去使用校内其他设施都很方便。 This would allow me to make friends and get accustomed to school life without the distraction of having to worry about my daily needs. 这会让我有交友的机会，并且熟悉校园生活，不用因为一些日常所需而分心。 One reason that higher education should not be limited to good students is that not all secondary students study in equal circumstances. 高等教育不应该只限于给予好学生。原因之一是，并非所有的中学生都在平等的环境中学习。 Finally, a better educated population contributes to the growth and prosperity of a society as a whole. 最后，就整体而言，人们的教育程度越高越会促进社会的发展与繁荣。 Furthermore, by denying higher education to who do not make their marks in their secondary education, the country may be ignoring a future Einstein. 此外，国家如果不让高中成绩未达标准的学生受高等教育，可能会因此埋没了一个未来的爱因斯坦。 However, with their busy schedules, many students may not have the opportunity to exercise at home and so may become weaker. 然而，由于学业繁忙，许多学生在家里可能没有机会运动，因此身体可能会变得比较虚弱。 As fitness is such an important ingredient of success, I believe that schools should require students to engage in some physical activity every day. 由于健康是成功非常重要的因素之一，我认为学校应该要求学生每天做一些体能运动。
雅思小作文常用词汇与短语 1. 表示“主语” 01) 图表本身： table、 line(bar/pie) chart(graph/diagram) 02) 数据形式： figures、statistics、information 、data 03) It 形式主语、 There be 句型 2. 表示“上升”和“下降” 01) rise (to) 02) increase (to) 03) go up (to) 04) an upward trend (in) 05) fall (to) 06) decline (to) 07) drop (to) 08) a downward trend (in) 09) with a rise/drop(etc.) of … 10) surge from …to …猛增 11) be on the rise 12) be in decline 13) down??(幅度)from...(高)to...(低) 14) up—(幅度)from...(低)to...(高) 15) rise/increase/drop(etc.) further from...to.../to... 16) a rise/drop(etc.) of + 百分数 /数字 = a 百分数 /数字 rise/drop(etc.) 17) rise/drop(etc.) + 数字/百分数/倍数 = rise/drop(etc.) + a record of + 数字/百分数 3. 表示“平稳” 01) remain stable (at) 02) stay constant (at) 03) maintain the same level (at) 04) remain around that figure 05) reach a plateau到达(上升后的)平稳期 06) no change (in)
雅思写作核心语料库 Part 1 1 offer a sense of job satisfaction and security 带来工作的满意感和安全感2lay a solid professional working experience 积累扎实的工作经验 3 reduce/cut down expenditure 削减支出 4increase/generate job opportunities 创造就业机会 6promote talent introduction and exchange 促进人才的引进与交流 7keep skills fresh and up-to-date 保证技术的不落伍 9lay a solid foundation for 奠定坚实的基础 10 pave the way for the future/development 为未来铺平了道路 11foster a sense of competition and cooperation 培养合作感与竞争感 12cultivate the spirit of team working 培养团队合作精神 13master interpersonal skills 掌握人及关系技巧 14widen one’s knowledge 拓宽知识面 15enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富社会与人生经历 16enlarge one’s view/broaden one’s horizon 拓宽视野 17realize the value of life 实现人生价值 18surmount /overcome / win over /master difficulties 克服困难 19grasp good communication skills 掌握人际交流技巧 20remove misunderstanding and discrimination 消除误解与歧视 21keep balance between work and family 保持事业与家庭的平衡 22raise the standard of living提高生活水平 25enrich people’s spiritual life 丰富人们的精神生活 26promote social skills and competence 提高社交技巧与能力 27strengthen the family ties促进家庭团结 28cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培养强烈的责任感 29bring joys and comforts to sb带来愉悦与舒适 30usher in a brand-new life-style引入全新的生活方式 31relieve the pressure of 缓解压力 32maintain the community stability 保持社会的稳定
General Knowledge 注意： 1. 作文要有实质内容。 2. 6分：260~270个词左右；6.5分：280个词以上。 3. 没有必要一定写长难句，但要提高句子的准确度和多样性。必须在对英语造句知识准确理解和把握的基础上流畅地写出复杂的长句子，而不是刻意、机械地拉长句子。（准确、严密、多样、清晰） 4. 对于零星出现的少量拼写错误，只要不引起歧义，是不会导致严重扣分的，但要努力减少作文里出现拼写错误的可能。 5. 考场里没有时间打草稿，但可以在印考题的试题纸上把看到题目后头脑里闪现出的ideas、考前准备的相关加分词汇和句型大致记录一下。 6. 当考官要求停笔时即使还没有写完也一定要停下来，否则会被判为违纪行为。 7. 考前练习一定要尽可能模拟实战：下载标准格式的答题纸；用铅笔写作，每行10~12个单词；严格控制时间，Task 1不应超过25 min，Task 2不应超过45 min。备考初期，可将Task 1和Task 2分开练习，但在考前一周内，必须演练完整的写作考试全程，严格控制时间，写完后再核对或请有经验的老师批改。 8.
如果Task 2准备得较为充分，有信心在40min写出一篇自己满意的议论文，那么就先完成Task 2。反之，就先写Task 1。 9. 齐头式：每段开头顶格写，每两段之间空一行 缩入式：每段开头后退3~4个字母的距离，每个段落之间不空行 10. 可使用I/we、被动语态，但不宜滥用；可将But/So放在句首 11. 7分或以上的作文对于用词的要求是准确，而不是冗长 ?Topics ?学术类写作的特殊要求 1. 不接受缩写形式 2. 不使用非正式口语表达 3. 英美拼写不能混淆 4. 用词要有特色 5. 句式不能过于短促 6. 句式不能过于干瘪 7. 感情色彩不能过于强烈
雅思考试高频词汇汇总下载 雅思高频同义词 synthetic, fabricated, contrived, fake, mock, bogus, counterfeit, pseudo ☆conventional traditional, historical, past; accepted, common, regular, routine, mainstream, ordinary ☆demand request, claim, need, order, require, call for ☆decline decrease, degeneration, drop, fall, recession, depression, reduction, slump, worsening ☆develop evolve, advance, grow, improve, progress, flourish ☆difficulty handicap, hardship, adversity, challenge, complication, dilemma, perplexity, plight, trouble ☆early first, old, ancient, primitive, previous, former, remote ☆find discover, come across, encounter, hit on, expose, notice, note, observe, recognize, spot, uncover ☆future what's next, prospect, approaching, expected, destined, forthcoming
核心动词： 1.想，认为 think,hold,argue,concede,assert,deem,consider,believe,maitain, 2深思熟虑，仔细考虑 ponder,deliberate,meditate,comteplate,reflect 3.培养 cultivate,foster,nurture,nourish 4.加强，巩固 strengthen,sonsolidate,reinforce, 5.显示，表明 manifest, display,show,reveal,present,suggest,demonstrate,indicate,illustrate,re flect 6.确认，证实 verify, confirm, establish,affirm 7.断言，宣称 declare,claim,allege,assert,state 8.支持，维护,拥护 support,maitain,uphold,approve,advocate,champion 9.反对 oppose,be against,disagree,disapprove,object to 10.解决(问题，麻烦)
solve,tackle,combat,address,resovle,cope with,settle 11.导致，引发，引起 give rise to,trigger,spark,lead to,bring about,result in, 12.建议，提议 suggest,recommend,urge,propose,advise,put forward, 13.阻止，阻碍,限制 prevcnt, deter,jeopardize,restrain，confine (to),restrict,refrain,limit 14.影响 have effect on, affect,influence,have an impact on,sway 15.增长，发展，提高 increase,rise,develop,enhance,improve,advance,upgrade,raise,facilita te,boost,promote 16.下降，减少 decrease,decline,fall,drop,slump 17.实现，完成 fulfil,realize,achieve,accomplish,attain 18.提供，给予 supply,provide,perform…for,offer,yield 19.占。。。（百分比） take up,amount to,account for,reach 20．适应
雅思写作100个高频英语短语（必须背诵） 1.经济的快速发展the rapid development economy 2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长 The remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard 3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为it is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认it is undeniable that…/there is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10.有争议性的问题 a controvesial issue 11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12.一些人…而另外一些人…some pleple….while others…. 13.就我而言/就个人而言as far as I am concerned/ personally 14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on … 15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点argument on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少be indispensable to 19.正如谚语所说as the proverb goes 20.…也不例外…be no exception 21.对…产生有利/不利影响exert positive/negative effets on… 22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages 23.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.发杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon 25.责任感/成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26.竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
食物篇 A. 肉品类(鸡, 猪, 牛) Fresh Grade Legs 大鸡腿 Fresh Grade Breast 鸡胸肉 Chicken Drumsticks 小鸡腿 Chicken Wings 鸡翅膀 Minced Steak 绞肉 Pigs Liver 猪肝 Pigs feet 猪脚 Pigs Kidney 猪腰 Pigs Hearts 猪心 Pork Steak 没骨头的猪排 Pork Chops 连骨头的猪排 Rolled Porkloin 卷好的腰部瘦肉 Rolled Pork Belly 卷好的腰部瘦肉连带皮Pork sausage meat 做香肠的绞肉Smoked Bacon 醺肉 Pork Fillet 小里肌肉 Spare Rib Pork chops 带骨的瘦肉Spare Rib of Pork 小排骨肉 Pork ribs 肋骨可煮汤食用 Black Pudding 黑香肠 Pork Burgers 汉堡肉 Pork-pieces 一块块的廋肉 Pork Dripping 猪油滴 Lard 猪油 Hock 蹄膀 Casserole Pork 中间带骨的腿肉 Joint 有骨的大块肉 Stewing Beef 小块的瘦肉 Steak & Kidney 牛肉块加牛腰 Frying steak 可煎食的大片牛排Mimced Beef 牛绞肉 Rump Steak 大块牛排 Leg Beef 牛键肉 OX-Tail 牛尾 OX-heart 牛心 OX-Tongues 牛舌 Barnsley Chops 带骨的腿肉 Shoulder Chops 肩肉 Porter House Steak 腰上的牛排肉
1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey) 忠于；遵守 2.be absent from…. 缺席，不在 3.absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4.be absorbed in 全神贯注于…[近义短语: be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on ] 5.(be) abundant in (be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6.to have an access (to) (不可数名词) 能接近,能进入,能了解信息 7.by accident(=by chance, accidentally) 偶然地,意外地 8.without accident(=safely) 安全地 9.of one’s own accord (=without being asked; willingly; freely) 自愿地,主动地 10.in accord with 与…一致. 11.out of one’s accord with 同…不一致 12.with one accord (=with everybody agreeing) 一致地 13.in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 14.on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益; 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责; 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 15.on account 赊账; 16.on account of 因为; 17.on no account不论什么原因也不; 18.of …account 有…重要性. 19.take…into account(=consider) 把...考虑进去 20.give sb. an account of 说明, 解释(理由) 21.account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 22.on account of (=because of) 由于,因为 23.on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 24.accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth.) ; 指控,控告 25.be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于 26.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉 27.act on 奉行,按照…行动; 28.act as 扮演; 29.act for 代理 30.adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于 31.adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要) 32.in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外) 33.adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循 34.adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的 35.adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 36.admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地. 37.in advance (=before in time) 预告, 事先. 38.to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地. 39.have an advantage over 胜过. 40.have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件
雅思英语必备的80个高频短语词组 雅思英语必备的80个高频短语词组，你不能不背的宝藏词组。 背下它之后用在写作上会帮自己加分不少，从今天开始好好背吧。 1. on one's guard 警惕,提防 2. on one's own 独立,独自 3. on purpose 故意地 4. on sale 出售,廉价出售 5. on schedule 按时间表,准时 6. on second thoughts 经重新考虑 7. on the contrary 正相反 8. on the grounds of 根据,以...为由 9. on the other hand 另一方面 10. on the point of 即将...的时刻 11. on the road 在旅途中 12. on the side 作为兼职/副业 13. on the spot 在场;马上 14. on the whole 总的来说,大体上 15. on time 准时 16. on(an/the) average 平均,通常 17. once (and) for all 一劳永逸地 18. once again 再一次 19. once in a while 偶尔 20. once more 再一次 21. once upon a time 从前 22. one another 相互 23. one's cup of tea喜欢的人/物 24. open to不限制,开放的 25. opposite to在对面 26. or else 否则,要不然
27. or so 大约,左右 28. other than 非;除了 29. out of breath 喘不过气来 30. out of control 失去控制 31. out of date 过时的 32. out of doors 在户外 33. out of order 出故障的 3. out of place 不适当的 35. out of practice 久不练习,荒疏 36. out of sight 看不见,在视野外 37. out of the question 毫无可能的 38. out of touch 不联系,不接触 39. out of 从...中;由于;缺乏 40. over and over (again) 一再地,再三地 41. parallel to与...平等,类似 42. particular about挑剔,讲究 43. patient with有耐心 44. peculiar to独特的,独有的 45. pick up捡 46. play by ear见机行事 47. popular with受...喜爱,爱戴 48. prior to 在...之前 49. pull one's leg拿某人开玩笑put someone on 50. put someone up给某人提供住宿 51. put up with忍受 52. quite a few 相当多,不少 53. rain cats and dogs瓢泼大雨 54. rather than 不是...(而是) 55. reach agreement 达成协议 56. reach an agreement达成一致