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河南大学
2010年博士生招生入学考试英语试卷
注意：1、答案必须做在答题纸上，做在本试卷上一律不得分。
2、不得在试题和答题纸上作任何与答题无关的标记，否则以作弊论处。
Part 1. V ocabulary
Directions: In this part there are 30 incompletes. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then put your
choice in the corresponding blank on the Answer Sheet.(15%,0.5point for each )
1. When she was a student, his father gave him a monthly towards his expense.
A currency
B pay
C allowance
D permission
2. The newly built Science Building seems enough to last a hundred years.
A spacious
B sophisticated
C substantial
D steady
3. There is an undesirable nowadays to make firms showing violence.
A direction
B tradition
C phenomenon
D trend
4. Competition, they believe, the national character rather than corrupt it.
A enforces
B confirms
C intensifies
D strengthens
5. Man closes his eyes quickly when a fly suddenly rushes to his face, we can call it the
of human being.
A volunteer
B stimulation
C instinct
D nature
6. Without a wholehearted to a keen forward-looking vision and a deep insight, you can not be a leader.
A obligation
B determination
C resolution
D commitment
7. John planned to take part in the competition but had to on account of the car accident.
A. break out B get out C drop out D look out
8. My university courses are not really to the needs of the students or their future employers.
A associated
B relative
C geared
D sufficient
9. The population question courses as well as well as some other issues is going to be discussed when the congress is in again next spring.
A assembly
B session
C conference
D convention
10. When at the party, be sure not to form the person who tries to encourage you in conversation.
A turn away
B turn down
C turn off
D turn back
11. We were so fascinated by the Yangtze River that we spent hours sitting no its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts.
A median
B mighty
C measurable
D maximal
12. Accuracy and expressiveness are two in translation, the first is to express the exact thought of the original article and the second is to make the translation readily understood.
A acquisitions
B requisites
C requests
D inquires
13. All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read the letters from their families.
A affectionate
B sentimental
C intimate
D sensitive
14. Although the pay is not good, people usually find social work in other way.
A payable
B respectful
C grateful
D rewarding
15. It is well known that Knowledge is the condition for expansion of mind.
A incompatible
B incredible
C indefinite
D indispensable
16. Teachers set up those for no other purpose than to challenge the students to overcome them.
A. principles B obstacles C standards D goals
17. Try as we would, they could not be brought to give their .
A consent
B complaint
C content
D completion
18. My passport last month, so I will have to get a new one.
A elapsed
B expired
C ended
D terminated
19. Today paper houses are holding up well under the forces of nature and are more people than at first.
A furnishing
B containing
C providing
D accommodating
20. During the night a person’s temperature may drop one or two degrees, and it can be difficult to
him in the morning if his body hasn’t become hot yet.
A arise
B arouse
C arouse
D rise
21. In order to their difference, both generation must realize that the world has changed, that new responses are necessary for many of the problems of society.
A deduce
B reconcile
C complement
D compensate
22. The most efficient of practice or study sessions varies with the kind of material being learned.
A distinction
B distribution
C diversion
D domination
23. This is the first draft of the books. Please feel perfectly free to it.
A cope with
B comment on
C complain
D confirm
24. If you can convince the interviewer of your special qualifications, your change of being accepted will be greatly .
A appreciated
B encouraged
C frustrated
D enhanced
25. An extra part was added to the house in 1850, which spoilt the of its front.
A symmetry
B synthesis
C strategy
D similarity
26. Interest rates generally in a cyclical manner depending upon the strength and weakness of the economic.
A flush
B flatten
C minimizing
D magnifying
27. Unlike a judge, who must act alone, a jury discusses a case and reaches its decision as a group, thus the effect of individual bias.
A maximizing
B strengthening
C minimizing
D magnifying
28. I with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.
A express
B confess
C verify
D acknowledge
29. Knowledge, experience and pleasure can be from good reading.
A deprived
B derived
C ensured
D guaranteed
30. It was a small country house but it was large urban standards.
A at
B for
C with
D by
Part II Structure
Directions:In this part there are 15 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then
put your choice in the corresponding blank on the Answer Sheet.（15%，1 point for
each）
31. I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time the last bus.
A to have caught
B to catch
C catching
D having caught
32. Great efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage
avoided.
A is to be
B can be
C will be
D has been
33. He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, insufficiently popular with all members.
A being considered
B considering
C to be considered
D having considered
34. Help will come from the UN, but the aid will be near what’s needed.
A everywhere
B somewhere
C nowhere
D anywhere
35. For there successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present.
A is
B to be
C will be
D being
36. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.
A so that
B but that
C in that
D provided that
37. Scientists generally agree that the Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years
it has warned in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.
A as long as
B as much as
C as soon as
D as well as
38. The business of each day, selling goods or shopping them, went quite smoothly.
A it being
B be it
C was it
D it was
39. for her anthropological research. Miss Meal also was involved with the World Federation Mental Health.
A Noted primarily
B Nothing primarily
C Being primarily noted
D having primarily noted
40. Tom slowed down his walking pace, himself for acting so foolishly, for there was nothing to fear in a town as quiet as this.
A. ashaming of B to be ashamed of C ashamed of D having ashamed of
41. Collin’s stru ggle to make a place for herself as ballet is the kind of life story a fascinating novel might be written.
A of which
B about which
C by which
D for which
42. I know nothing about the matter I have read in the newspaper
A. but what B but that C in that D beyond what
43. The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half .
A of last year’s
B those of last year’s
C of that of last year’s
D of those of last year
44. It isn’t cold enough for there a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.
A would be
B being
C was
D to be
45 The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree the students’ potentiality is developed.
A of which
B with which
C in which
D to which
Part III. Reading Comprehension
Directions: In this part there are three passages. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.
After reading the passage, you should decide on the best choices and then put your
choice in the corresponding blank on the Answer Sheet. (30%, 2point for each) Question 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
When we think of creative people the names that probably spring to mind are those of men such as Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso, i.e. great artists, inventors and scientist —a selected and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius. The tendency to regard creativity and imaginative thinking as the exclusive of lucky few disregards the creative and imaginative aspects inherent in the solution of many of the tasks we regularly have to face —— the discovery and development of new methods and techniques, the improvement of old
methods, existing inventions and products.
Everyone has creative ability to some extent. Creative thinking involves posting oneself a problem and then originating or inventing a solution along new and unconventional lines. It involves drawing new analogies, discovering new combinations, and/or new applications of things that are already known. It follows, then, that a creative person will exhibit great intellectual curiosity and imagination. He will be alert and observant with a great store of information which he will be able to sort out and combine, in the solution of problems. He will be emotionally receptive to new and unconventional ideas and will be less interested in facts than in their implications. Most important of all, he will be able to communicate uninhibitedly and will not be too concerned about other people’s reaction to his apparently “crazy” notions. People called the Wright brothers mad but it did not stop them from becoming the first men to construct and fly a heavier-than-air craft.
46. The author believes that creative thinking .
A is only possessed by great artists
B requires rare talent and genius
C is needed in the solution of many problems.
D belongs to a lucky few
47. In order to solve scientific problems, people
A should not be afraid of what others think
B should be mad
C must possess crazy notions
D should have inhibitions
48. Creative thinking involves
A drawing new pictures of old things
B observing the action of great people
C finding the problems and originating a solution
D discovering new emotion
49. A creative person should
A not be interested in facts
B look at facts for what they imply
C be more interested in applying new ideas than in facts
D be emotional when he looks at facts
50. Which is the following is true?
A. A creative person is emotional B Creative people are few and lucky
C Most people are creative
D Anyone has some creativity Question 51 to 55are based on the following passage.
Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught— to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle—compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, gave him the answer book. Let him correct him own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find th e way to get the right answer. Let’s end all nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own outstanding, how to know what they know or do not know.
Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as
school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life in nonsense in a w orld as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say,“But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get on in the world”Don’t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.
51. What does the author think is the best way for the children to learn things?
A by copying what other people do
B by making mistakes and having them corrected
C by listening to explanations from skilled people
D by asking a great many questions
52. What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?
A .They give children correct answer
B They point out children’s mistakes to them
C They allow children to mark their own work
D They encourage children to copy from one another
53. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are .
A. not really important skills
B more important than other skills
C basically different from learning adult skills
D basically the same as learning other skills
54. Exams, grades and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by .
A. educated persons B teachers
C the children themselves
D parents
55. The author fears that children will grow up into adults who are .
A too independent of others
B too critical themselves
C unable to think for themselves
D unable to use basic skills Question 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defined as classified knowledge.(facts) Even in the true science distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited (使不相信). The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.
The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that and specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.
Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at stratifying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes —for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. Is this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.
Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their finding would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic(抱歉) about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.
56. To define science we may simply call it .
A the study of unrelated fields
B classified knowledge
C the study of unrelated subjects
D an attempt to explain natural phenomena
57. Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, .
A is not always as pure as we suppose
B necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell
C may l ead to antiscientific, “impure” results
D necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery a cell
58. Which of the following statements does the author imply?
A. In science, it is not difficult to distinguish fact from fiction
B Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure science
C Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries
D Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.
59. A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call his approach .
A. pure science
B. environmental science
C. applied science
D. agricultural science
60. The best title for the passage is .
A Hypotheses and Theories
B On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction
C The Nature of Science and Scientists
D Biology and the Scientific Age
Part IV. Translation
Directions: Read the following passage and translate it into Chinese. Put your translation on the Answer Sheet. (20%).
Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and general and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year ,or manured a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conquer or general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savage is good, but it is not be civilized.
Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that side which has killed most has won. It means that might is right.
That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the greatest wars in history, in which millions of people do not fight and kill each other in the streets, that is to say, we have got to stage of keeping the rules an behaving properly to each other in daily life while nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.
Part V. Writing
Directions: Since the last decade foreign language examination has always been a perquisite ( 先决条件) for promotion in professional titles. Recently there is the heated discussion about this kind of examination. Some people even denounce it as something stupid that wasted both-energy and money. There is no practical use at all. In this part you are required to write a comment of about 250 words on this kind of examination. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet. (20%)
北京大学考博英语模拟题14 Part ⅠVocabulary 1. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. A.long B.forever https://www.doczj.com/doc/948756267.html,sting D.lively 答案：C [解答] 本题空格处是说留下持久的印记。long的意思是“长期的”；forever的意思是“永远”；lasting的意思是“持久的”；lively的意思是“活泼的，逼真的”。四个选项中只有C项符合题意。 2. The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A.by accident B.on average C.on occasion D.at random 答案：D by accident偶然的。on average平均的。on occasion有时。at random随意的。 3. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats. A.a sharp set-back B.severe set-back C.a severe blown-up D.sharp blown-up
2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题 1. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to funds from armaments to health and education. A. derive B. deprive C. dispatch D. divert 2. To fund the event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD). A. beneficent B. expensive C. costly D. luxurious 3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone. A. outdone B. outweighed C. outrun D. outrivaled 4. With the economy of the country going strong, the mood is optimism. A. presiding B. circulating C. floating D. prevailing 5. The hunter knows quite well that wild animals go seeking their in the jungle after dark. A. victim B. favorite C. prey D. sacrifice 6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to its 90,000-person workforce into independent micro teams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions. A. break out 、 B. break off C. break from D. break down 7. They agreed to take their disputes before the committee and by its decisions. A. stand B. observe C. abide D. precede 8. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very . A. obscure B. indefinite C. dubious D. intriguing 9. Please don’t too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.doczj.com/doc/948756267.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
清华大学考博历年真题常用词汇集锦 EM-,EN-,IM-,IN-in,upon 进入,在上 字首em,en,im,in是英文重要的构词成分.共有四种拼法,em与en 源自希腊文的副词与介系词,im与in来自拉丁文的介系词,有in,within,upon之意.所接的字根第一个音,若是p,b,m三个双唇音之一,则拼作em或im,以双唇音接双唇音,方便发音,如embargo n.[禁止入港],empirical a.[经验上的],impart v.[传授,告知]等字均是.字根的第一个音若不在双唇音之列,则拼成en或in,如enamor v.[迷住],incise v.[切开,雕]等等. embargo禁止入港,禁止,阻碍 embark乘船;从事,著手 embarrass使困窘,使局促不安 embed嵌入,深植 embellish美化,装饰 emblem象徵,徽章 embody具体表现,编入 embrace拥抱,包含,接受 embroil使混乱 empathy共感,神入 emphasize强调 empirical实验上的 employ雇用,利用,使用 empower授权与 enact演出 enamor迷住 encase纳入套内,纳入箱内 enchant使迷住,迷惑 enclave被包领土 enclose围绕 encompass包围 encounter邂逅,遭遇 encourage鼓励,激励 encroach侵占,侵入 endeavor努力 endemic某地特有的
endorse背书;赞同 endow赋与 endure忍受,忍耐,持久 energy精力,活力 enfold围绕,笼罩,包封 enforce加强,力劝,迫使 engage从事,忙於 engender酿成,产生 engrave刻,铭记(於心) enhance增加,提高 enjoin命令,禁止 enjoy欢喜,享受 enlist服役,从军 enrage激怒,使暴怒 enrapture使狂喜 enrich使丰富,充实,装饰 enroll入学,登记,入伍 enshrine奉祀於庙堂中,奉为神圣enshroud覆盖,遮蔽 enslave奴役 ensnare诱入陷阱 ensure保证 entangle使困惑,使陷入 enthrall迷住 entice吸引,引诱 entitle给与名称,使有资格,使有权利entrance使出神,使神魂颠倒 entreat恳求 entrench挖壕沟以保护,确立 entrust交托 envelop包围,围绕 environment环境 environs周围,郊外 envisage想像,设想 envision拟想(未来) envoy使者
北京大学考博英语真题常见句子翻译方法近期很多考生问关于条件状语从句的分析和翻译问题，在此，育明考博老师结合同学提出的两个典型问题为大家分析条件状语从句，并给出相应的参考译文。 一、问题：请分析并翻译：If you are part of the group which you are addressing,you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. 解析：很多考生看到这样一句从横三、四行的长句会心生畏惧，对自己没有信心，自然也就无法理清这句中的各种枝节。拿到这样的一个句子，最主要的仍然是先把主干找到，然后再看其他部分和主干的关系。需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 句子主干：you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties 主干是由两个并列的分句组成的，第一个分句是you will be in a position to know the experiences主系表结构，第二个分句是it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties形式主语+系表结构+不定式作真正的主语。
清华大学2007年博士研究生人学考试 英语试题 Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points)(略） Part II Reading Comprehendon (40%) Directions ：There are 4 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfin?ished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A，B, C and D* You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foUowing passage： Sometimes，over a span of many years，a business will continue to grow，generating ever-increasing a- mounts of cash，repurchasing stock，paying increased dividends，reducing debt，opening new stores，expan?ding production facilities，moving into new markets，etc.，while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls)* When this happens，the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range. Take，for example，Wal-Mart Over the past five years，the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100%，and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security，deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today，however, the equation is completely different~despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores，and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat，largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world?s largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy. Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago，in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $ 1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $ 2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share；squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet，despite the stagnant stock price，the 2006 estimates Value Line In?vestment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2. 16 (a rise of 54% )，the cash dividend has more than doubled to $ 1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7. 40 per share (a gain of nearly 300% )，and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的）has actually decreased,from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2, 355 billion due to the company's share repurchase program. 16. This passage is probably a part of ? A. Find Hidden Value in the Market B. Become Richer C. Get Good Bargains D. Identify Good Companies 17. The italicized word“ stagnant?，(line 3，Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as ? A. prominent B. terrible C. unchanged D. progressing Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price because . A. it has stored a large quantity of goods B. it has become financially more powerful C. it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcy
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need