清华大学博士英语真题2003年

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编58(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．To avoid an oil shortage more machines must ______ solar energy.A．developB．introduceC．exerciseD．utilize正确答案：D解析：utilize／-ise vt．利用，使用(如：Can you utilize a computer in your work? to utilize one’s abilities in a suitable job)。

develop vt.开发，研制；发展，形成。

introduce vt．引进，传入；介绍。

exercise vt．运用，行使(权力、影响、耐心、谨慎等)。

2．There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with______contempt.(2005年中国科学院考博试题)A．utterB．soleC．intimateD．corresponding正确答案：A解析：本题空格处是说“经理以完全蔑视的态度来对待他的员工”。

A项“utter 全然的，绝对的”符合题意，如：What he is doing is utter stupidity!(他正在做的是完全愚蠢的事!)其他三项“sole单独的，唯一的：intimate亲密的，隐私的：corresponding相应的，通信的”都不正确。

3．They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any ______ones in this area?(2007年清华大学考博试题)A．evacuatedB．emptyC．vacantD．vacate正确答案：C解析：四个选项的意思分别是：evacuated撤退者的；empty空的，指里面什么东西都没有，如：The ease is empty．(这是个空箱子。

清华大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20%)Section ADirections: You will hear a news story about the explosion on the World Trade Center in New York City. Listen to it and fill out the table with the information you've heard for questions 1—5. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write no more than 3 words in each numbered box. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. You will hear the recording only once.Section BDirections: You will hear a customer calling a car rental service to rent a car. For questions 6—10, complete the sentences and answer the questions while you are listening. Use no more than 3 words for each answer. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. You will hear the recordingSection CDirections:In this section you will hear a radio program. This program is about the production of postage stamps. Listen to the recording and either choose the correct answer for each statement or complete the notes as required. Circle the letter of your choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. You will hear the recording, twice.11. The weekly radio program is on__________.A. topics suggested by listenersB. local news itemsC. listeners' hobbies12. The process of stamp production is__________.A. difficultB. expensiveC. time consuming13. In the search for suitable subjects, people are invited to__________.A. research a number of topicsB. give an opinion on possible topicsC. produce a list of topics14. Topics are sent for final approval to__________.A. a group of graphic artistsB. The Board of DirectorsC. a designers’ committee15. Australian artists receive money__________.A. only if the stamp goes into circulationB. for the design onlyC. for the design and again if it is usedQuestions (16～18): Complete the notes using no more than 3 words for each answer, and then put your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Stamps must represent aspects of (16)_____________________e. g. characters from literature or examples of wildlife.There are no (17)_______________on Australian or British stamps.A favourite topic in Britain is (18)__________________.19. The speaker says that__________.A. many people produce designs for stampsB. few people are interested in stamp designC. people will never agree about stamp design20. The speaker suggests that__________.A. stamps play an important role in our livesB. too much attention is devoted to stamp productionC. stamps should reflect a nation's characterPart Ⅱ Vocabulary (10%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.21. The day was breaking and people began to go to work so the murderer was unable to__________of the body.A. dispenseB. disposeC. discardD. discharge22. Can you imagine! He offered me 5000 to break my contract. That's__________. Of course I didn't agree. I would take legal action.A. fraudB. blackmailC. briberyD. compensation23. Her remarks__________a complete disregard for human rights.A. magnifiedB. maintainedC. manipulatedD.manifested24. I should be able to finish the task on time,__________you provide me with the necessary guidance.A. in caseB. provided thatC. or elseD. as if25. The unfortunate death of the genius poet caused__________loss to this country.A. pricelessB. countlessC. incalculableD. imaginable26. Before the disastrous earthquake there was__________chaos.A. massiveB. ominousC. suspendingD. imminent27. On behalf of my company, I am__________to you and your colleagues for your generous help.A. subjectedB. inclinedC. availableD. obliged28. The appearance of the used car is__________, it's much newer than it really is.A. descriptiveB. indicativeC. deceptiveD. impressive29. His office is__________to the President's; it usually takes him about three minutes to get there.A. relatedB. adhesiveC. adherentD. adjacent30. The none of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being__________of everything they do.A. emotionalB. optimisticC. interestedD. critical31. I didn't know it then, but this disruptive way of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up.A. harmfulB. persistentC. interruptiveD. characteristic32. The problem is that the loss of confidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious.A. spreadingB. contemptibleC. contentedD. depressing33. The sales manager was so adamant about her idea that it was out of the question for any one to talk her out of it.A. adaptableB. anxiousC. firmD. talkative34. Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting each other.A. hardly activeB. relatively activeC. extremely inactiveD. pathologically active35. While he was not dumber than an ox, he was not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helped him along.A. helpfulB. mercifulC. enthusiasticD. intelligent36. Before the construction of the road, it was prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across the mountains.A. determinedlyB. incrediblyB. amazingly D. forbiddingly37. At dusk, Mr. Hightower would sit in his old armchair in the backyard and wistfully lose in reminiscence of his youth romances.A. hopefullyB. reflectivelyC. sympatheticallyD. irresistibly38. The prodigal son spent his money extravagantly and soon after he left home he was reduced toa beggar.A. lavishlyB. economicallyC. thriftilyD. extrovertly39. The chimney vomited a cloud of smoke.A. ignitedB. immersedC. emittedD. hugged40. The rear section of the brain does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.A. advancedB. growingC. frontD. backPart ⅢReading Comprehension (40%)Directions:There are 2 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 31 to 45 are based on the following passage:Motorola Inc., the world's second-largest mobile phone make, will begin selling all of the technology needed to build a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The inventor of the cell phone, which has been troubled by missteps compounded by a recent industry slump in sales, is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-based company, considered to have the widest range of technologies needed to build a phone, said it planned to make available chips, a design layout for the computer board, software, development tools and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint. Mobile phones contain a variety of chips and components to control power, sound and amplification. Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorola's mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival.The company, long known for its top-notch (等级) engineering culture, is hoping to profit from its mobile phone technology now that the basic technology to build a mobile phone has largely become a commodity. Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next-generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard because most mobile phone makers already have technology in place for current digital phones. GPRS offers faster access to data through “always on” network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve, rather than the length of download.Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorola's own mobile phone business because the latter will remain competitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorola's phones have been criticized as being too complicated and expensive to manufacture, but Burgess said Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In addition to basic technology, Burgess said, Motorola would also offer additional features such as Bluetooth, a technology that allows wireless communications at a short distance, and Global Positioning System, which tracks the user's whereabouts, and MP3 audio capability.41. The word “slump” in the first paragraph may be replaced by__________.A. slouchB. declineB. increase D. stamp42. According to this passage, Motorola Inc.__________.A. is the world's largest mobile phone makerB. is trying to become a mobile technology provider besides being a mobile phone makerC. will only sell chips of the mobile phonesD. is going to sell all its manufacturing plants43. Analysts don't think that__________.A. Motorola will be successfulB. the technology offered by Motorola will be selected by its competitorsC. its competitors will want to buy the technology from itD. its mobile phones contain a variety of chips44. The technology supplied by Motorola is based on__________.A. Bluetooth featuresB. MP3 audio capabilityC. Global Positioning SystemD. GPRS standard45. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. GPRS offers faster access to data through network connections, so customers should pay more.B. Motorola Inc. is the inventor of the cell phone.C. Previously Motorola only supplied mobile phone manufacturers with some of its chips.D. Motorola Inc. is known for its high-class engineering culture.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury. Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands during August or September. For several days, the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly. A center of low pressure forms, and winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength.Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity (湿度), into the storm. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.Once the forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurrican will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when theprobable point of landfall is clearer, they will issue a hurricane warning for a somewhat more limited area. People in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the storm. They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-weight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows. People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally lose power slowly while traveling over land, but many move out to sea, gather up force again, and return to land. As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes.46. The eye of the hurricane is__________.A. the powerful center of the stormB. the part that determines its directionC. the relatively calm center of the stormD. the center of low pressure47. Which of the following statements is true?A. A storm surge is a dramatic increase in wind velocity.B. A hurricane watch is more serious than a hurricane warning.C. Falling air pressure is an indicator that the storm is increasing in intensity.D. It is safe to go outside once the eye has arrived.48. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. How to Avoid Hurricane damageB. Forecasting HurricanesC. The dangerous HurricaneD. Atlantic Storms49. The low-lying areas refer to those regions that__________.A. close to the ground levelB. one-storey flatC. flat housesD. near to the lowest level of hurricane50. Which of the following is NOT a method of protecting one's house from a hurricane?A. taking out heavy thingsB. moving in light-weight furnitureC. equipping the house with stonesD. covering windowsQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Attacking an increasingly popular Internet business practice, a consumer watchdog group Monday filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission, asserting that many online search engines are concealing the impact special fees have on search results by Internet users. Commercial Alert, a 3-year-old group founded by consumer activist Ralph Nader, asked the FTC to investigate whether eight of the Web' s largest search engines are violating federal laws against deceptive advertising.The group said that the search engines are abandoning objective formulas to determine the order of their listed results and selling the top spots to the highest bidders without making adequate disclosures to Web surfers. The complaint touches a hot-button issue affecting tens of millions of people who submit search queries each day. With more than 2 billion pages and more than 14 billion hyperlinks on the Web, search requests rank as the second most popular online activity after E-mail.The eight search engines named in Commercial Alert's complaint are: MSN, owned by Microsoft; Netscape, owned by AOL Time Warner; Directhit, owned by Ask Jeeves; HotBot and Lycos, both owned by Terra Lycos; Altavista, owned by CMGI; LookSmart, owned by LookSmart;and iWon, owned by a privately held company operating under the same name.Portland, Ore.-based Commercial Alert could have named more search engines in its complaint, but focused on the biggest sites that are auctioning off spots in their results, said Gary Ruskin, the group's executive director.“Search engines have become central in the quest for learning and knowledge in our society. The ability to skew (扭曲）the results in favor of hucksters (小贩）without telling consumers is a serious problem.” Ruskin said. By late Monday afternoon, three of the search engines had responded to The Associated Press' inquiries about the complaint. Two, LookSmart and AltaVista, denied the charges. Microsoft spokesman Matt Pilla said MSN is delivering “compelling search results that people want.”The FTC had no comment about the complaint Monday. The complaint takes aim at the new business plans embraced by more search engines as they try to cash in on their pivotal (关键）role as Web guides and reverse a steady stream of losses. To boost revenue, search engines in the past year have been accepting payments from businesses interested in receiving a higher ranking in certain categories or ensuring that their sites are reviewed more frequently.51. The consumer group complained about__________.A. special fees that Internet users were chargedB. Federal Trade CommissionC. Commercial AlertD. online search engines52. __________is the most popular activity online.A. Sending pages of informationB. Sending E-mailC. Surfing the netD. Selling the top spot53. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement?A. There are too many pages or hyperlinks on the Internet, so people usually use search engine to find a certain site.B. More than 8 search engines are accused of selling their search engine spots by Commercial Alert.C. The headquarters of Commercial Alert is in Portland Oregon.D. The search engines are Web guides.54. All the following share one similarity EXCEPT__________.A. LookSmartB. CMGIC. AltavistaD. Microsoft55. The primary aim of some companies’ sponsoring the search engines is to__________.A. cash in on their important role as Web guidesB. boost their avenueC. reverse a series of lossesD. have their sites visited by the internet users moreQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:D. H. Lawrence was the fourth child of Arthur Lawrence and Lydia Beardsall, and their first to have been born in Eastwood. Ever since their marriage in 1875, the couple had been on the move: Arthur's job as a miner had taken them where the best-paid work had been during the boom years of the 1870s, and they had lived in a succession of small and recently built grimy colliery villages all over Nottinghamshire. But when they moved to Eastwood in 1883, it was to a placewhere they would remain for the rest of their lives; the move seems to have marked a watershed in their early history.For one thing, they were settling down: Arthur Lawrence would work at Brinsley colliery until he retired in 1909. For another, they now had three small children and Lydia may have wanted to give them the kind of continuity in schooling they had never previously had. It was also the case that, when they came to Eastwood, they took a house with a shop window, and Lydia ran a small clothes shop: presumably to supplement their income, but also perhaps because she felt she could do it in addition to raising their children. It seems possible that, getting on badly with her husband as she did, she imagined that further children were out of the question. Taking on the shop may have marked her own bid for independence.Arthur's parents lived less than a mile away, down in Brinsley, while his youngest brother Walter lived only 100 yards away from them in another company house, in Princes Street. When the family moved to Eastwood, Arthur Lawrence was coming back to his own family's center: one of the reasons, for sure, why they stayed there.Lydia Lawrence probably felt, on the other hand, more as if she were digging in for a siege. East wood may have been home to Arthur Lawrence, but to Lydia it was just another grimy colliery village which she never liked very much and where she never felt either much at home or properly accepted. Her Kent accent doubtless made Midlands people feel that she put on airs.56. This passage is mainly about the introduction of__________.A. D. H. LawrenceB. D. H. Lawrence's parentsC. D. H. Lawrence's residenceD. D. H. Lawrence's family background and education57. Which of the following is NOT the reason for D. H. Lawrence's family settling down in East wood?A. Children in the family needed consistent education.B. D. H. Lawrence's father could be near to his family members.C. D. H. Lawrence's mother could seek for her independence.D. D. H. Lawrence could accumulate enough materials to write about in his novels.58. Which of the following might be an image of D. H. Lawrence's mother in other people's mind?A. A mother who was quite amiable.B. A wife who was considerate.C. An arrogant woman.D. A faithful wife.59. The family had been on the move, because__________.A. they had to stay with the father who had to go everywhere to find a job in depressionB. the father could find better-paid jobs in the prosperity of economyC. the father wanted to be near with his own homeD. the mother always wanted to change the location of their house60. Which of the following statement is NOT true?A. The relationship between D. H. Lawrence's parents may not be so good.B. D. H. Lawrence's mother was a woman of strong will.C. D. H. Lawrence's mother did not like her home at Eastwood.D. D. H. Lawrence was the first child in the family.Part Ⅳ Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.The history of African—Americans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated__61__an ongoing struggle against__62__and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle__63__as an upward movement is__64__toward ever more justice and opportunity.Technology in and of__65__is not at fault; it's much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics__66__been the enemy of an__67__group of people. A certain machine is put__68__work in a certain way the purpose__69__which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to__70__a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply, __71__the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization__72__the Renaissance.Mastery of technology is second only__73__money as the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by__74__this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have__75__it, blacks are allowing__76__to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however, they will be__77__from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs __78__ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city.And blacks must change as well. The ways that__79__their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to loose their utility. If blacks__80__to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.61. A. like B. as C. for D. with62. A. charity B. clarity C. cohesion D. oppression63. A. charting B. charts C. charted D. to chart64. A. progressing B. progressed C. clutched D. clutching65. A. itself B. themselves C. ourselves D. himself66. A. have B. to have C. has D. to has67. A. entirely B. enter C. entire D. entrance68. A. for B. off C. on D. at69. A. for B. to C. with D. before70.A. envelop B. accomplish C. enveloping D. accomplishing71. A. followed B. follows C. to follow D. following72. A. since B. on C. in D. at73. A. before B. to C. with D. from74. A. to tolerate B. tolerate C. tolerated D. tolerating75. A. encountered B. encountering C. to encounter D. encounters76. A. them B. us C. themselves D. ourselves77. A. excluding B. included C. including D. excluded78. A. where B. that C. how D. what79. A. servicing B. encircle C. encircling D. served80. A. is B. were C. are D. havePart Ⅴ Short Answer Questions (5%)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewer possible English words and then put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.The years between 1870 and 1895 brought enormous changes to the theater in the United States as the resident company was undermined by touring groups, as New York became the only major center of production, and as the long run replaced the repertory (库存) system. By 1870, the resident stock company was at the peak of its development in the United States. The 50 permanent companies of 1870, however, had dwindled to 20 by 1878, to 8 by 1880, to 4 by 1887, and had almost disappeared by 1900.While the causes of this change are numerous, probably the most important was the rise of the “combination” company (that is, one that travels with stars and full company). Sending out a complete production was merely a logical extension of touring by stars. By the 1840's many major actors were already taking along a small group of lesser players, for they could not be sure that local companies could supply adequate support in secondary roels.There is much disagreement about the origin of the combination company. Bouciault claimed to have initiated it around 1860 when he sent out a troupe with Colleen Bawn, but a book published in 1859 speaks of combination companies as already established. Joseph Jefferson Ⅲalso declared that he was a pioneer in the movement. In actuality, the practice probably began tentatively during the 1850's, only to be interrupted by the Civil War. It mushroomed in the 1870's, as the rapid expansion of the railway system made it increasingly feasible to transport full productions. In 1872, Lawrence Barrett took his company, but no scenery, on tour; in 1876, Rose Michel was sent out with full company, scenery, and properties. By the season of 1876—1877 there were nearly 100 combination companies on the road, and by 1886 there were 282.81. What was the trend for the resident stock companies at the end of the 19th century?_________________________________________________________________________82. According to the passage, the major reason for the decline of the resident stock companies was_________________________________________________________________________83. Why did many important actors join some minor players in 1840's?_________________________________________________________________________84. According to the passage, the development of full touring companies was aided by_________________________________________________________________________85. Why is Lawrence Barrentt mentioned in the passage?_________________________________________________________________________Part Ⅵ Writing (15%)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “My View on an Admission Interview for Ph. D. Candidates” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition onthe ANSWER SHEET.1. 博士研究生入学面试是否必要？2. 在博士研究生入学面试中，你认为最重要的是展示哪几个方面？3. 你将如何展示这个方面？试题详解Part Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection A1. 12:182. Over/More than 50,000.3. The basement area.4. Over/More than 60, 000.5. 2 or more hours.Section C11. A 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.C 16. national interest/the country/the nation 17. Living people 18. (past)kings & queens 19. C 20.BPart Ⅱ Vocabulary21. B dispense分配，分发；dispose处置，处理；discard丢弃，抛弃；discharge卸货，放出；只有dispose和of构成固定搭配，其他都不对。

清华大学考博英语阅读真题及其解析A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info(information rich and the info poor.And that divide does exist today.My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty yearsago.What was less visible then,however,were the new,positive forces that work against the digital divide.There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized,it is in the interest of business to universalize access—after all,the more people online,the more potential customers there are.More and more governments,afraid their countries will be left behind,want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two,one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together.As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.Of course,the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty.And the Internet is not the only tool we have.But it has enormous potential.Geng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.To take advantage of this tool,some impoverished countries willhave to get over their outdated anti-coloni a l prejudices with respect to foreign investment.Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a societyin the United States.When the United States built its industrials infrastructure,it didn't have the capital to do so.And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, barbors,highways,ports and so on—were built with foreign investment.The English,the Germans,the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony.They financed them.Immigrant Americans built them.Guess who owns them now?The Americans.I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter.The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure,which today is an electronic infrastructure,the better off you're going to be.That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled,or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled.But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25.Digital divide is something_________.[A]getting worse because of the Internet[B]the rich countries are responsible for[C]the world must guard against[D]considered positive todayernments attach importance to the Internet because it _________.[A]offers economic potentials[B]can bring foreign funds[C]can soon wipe out world poverty[D]connects people all over the world27.The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_________.[A]providing financial support overseas[B]preventing foreign capital's control[C]building industrial infrastructure[D]accepting foreign investment28.It seems that now a country's economy depends much on_________.[A]how well-developed it is electronically[B]whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C]whether it adopts America's industrial pattern[D]how much control it has over foreign corporations名师解析25.Digital divide is something_______.数字鸿沟是______。

2003清华大学考博英语真题阅读理解真题及其答案Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades,some10million smokers went to early graves。

There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.The clear message is that we should get moving to protest ourselves.The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report:“Science never has all the answers。

2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解[听力音频]Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question aboutwhat is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear thequestion, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. A shop assistant.B. A physician.C. A pediatrician.D. An ophthalmologist.【答案】D【解析】通过对话中的glasses和vision-chart可知女士是名眼科医师。

2003年全国统考医学考博英语真题part II31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying tocommunicate with someone in English.A.frustrated失败的, 落空的B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的C.approved被认可的D.distracted心烦意乱的32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.A.promisedmitted commit oneself to委身于，专心致志于C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的D.converted33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.A.in honor ofB.in search ofC.in place ofD.in favor of34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine against polio.A.accomplishmenta girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。

B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人D.patent35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailed vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人D.accustomed be accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____A.in circulation流通者;传播者B.under consideration在考虑之中C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有D.at stake危如累卵, 危险37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品B.dietC.tastefulD.edible edible fat食用油脂38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately.A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁C.put onD.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers.A.irregularB.illiterateC.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.A.denoting指示, 表示quick pulse often denotes fever.脉搏跳得快常表示发烧。

2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30 %)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example. You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Sample AnswerA B DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. A shop assistant. B. A physician. C. A pediatrician. D. An ophthalmologist.2. A. To make a call to the hospital. B. To go to the man’s house immediately.C. To expect the doctor’s call.D. To take a message.3. A. There’s only one point he doesn’t understand.B. He refuses to take any help.C. These q uestions won’t be on the exam.D. He would like some help.4. A. Dr. Smith isn’t a good choice.B. She’s never been treated by Dr. Smith.C. She’s been sitting in the waiting room for too long.D. She’d like to recommend a magazine t o the man.5. A. The man has seen the fungi for three times.B. The man is not careful enough.C. The man has been watching it for three days.D. The man is the woman’s teacher.6. A. He was fired. B. He was blamed for bad service.C. He was promoted.D. He was warned not to be late again.7. A. People enjoy shopping in the drug store.B. People spend little time in the drug store.C. People who spent shorter time in the store are more likely to buy something there.D. People spend too much time reading articles about quick cures sold there.8. A. His computer doesn’t work.B. He doesn’t understand his stuff working on computer.C. He registered for the wrong course.D. He doesn’t know how to apply the computer theories.9. A. It is easy to take care of her three teenage boys.B. Nancy’s life is easy compared with the woman’s.C. Nancy lives a more difficult life.D. Nancy would like to take care of her three boys.10. A. New York. B. San Francisco. C. Seattle. D. San Diego.11. A. Sunny bought a new computer. B. Sunny got a bargain.C. Mike bought a new computer.D. Mike got a bargain.12. A. The patient is ringing a bell. B. Her name sounds beautiful.C. Nancy Johnson is ringing the bell now.D. Her name sounds familiar.13. A. The woman doesn’t like orange juice. B. The woman forgot to buy orange juice.C. The man was in a car crash this morning.D. The man broke the container of juice.14. A. John is a plumber.B. John was too busy to come.C. John was not at home when the woman called.D. The woman dialed the wrong number.15. A. His luck ha sn’t been good. B. He is a lucky man.C. He decided not to do the lottery again.D. He doesn’t care about money.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. Bridge-building experts. B. Washington Roebling.C. John Roebling.D. The Roeblings.17. A. Only the Roeblings had confidence in it.B. It came up against financial problems.C. Experts showed great interest.D. It took John Roeblings 13 years to complete the project.18. A. He was killed at the building site. B. He was injured in a traffic accident.C. He was seriously eyesight-damaged.D. He was seriously brain-damaged.19. A. His language. B. His limbs. C. His brain. D. His mind.20. A. Because the project was spectacular.B. Because the project seemed impossible.C. Because the building instructions were given with one finger.D. All of the above.Passage Two21. A. The American population increased by 40 percent.B. So many school children died of polio in the nation.C. A polio plague swept the nation.D. A polio vaccine was developed.22. A. A vaccine for polio. B. A rare form of cancer.C. A disease similar to AIDS.D. A virus from monkeys.23. A. They were at risk of getting cancer.B. They became victims of poliomyelitis.C. They were involved in a medical investigation.D. They were injected with tainted vaccines.24. A. 30 percent. B. 40 percent. C. 50 percent. D. 60 percent.25. A. All the injections given 40 years ago were contaminated.B. The contaminated vaccines may cause cancer in humans.C. Vaccines are responsible for brain tumors.D. Brain tumors had increased by 40%.Passage Three26. A. 1969. B. 1977. C. 1997. D. 2000.27. A. To help answer parents’ questions about children’s growth.B. To separate fat babies from normal ones.C. To rev ise the familiar children’s growth chart.D. To identify whether a person is overweight.28. A. It can differentiate between fat babies and thin.B. It can identify a child’s possibility of growing fat from babyhood.C. It can give par ents some advice on children’s diet.D. It can remind parents of something they neglected in their childhood.29. A. When his BMI is at 23rd percentile or above.B. When his BMI is at 75th percentile or above.C. When his BMI is at 95th percentile or above.D. When his BMI is at 97th percentile or above.30. A. Setting a good example for their children.B. Disciplining their children.C. Reflecting the nature of modem-day life.D. Changing their children’s hea lth behavior.2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. D 通过对话中的glasses和vision-chart可知女士是名眼科医师。

考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编59(总分50,考试时间90分钟)1. Structure and Vocabulary1. Nobody knew how he came up with this______ idea about the trip.(2004年清华大学考博试题)A. wearyB. twilightC. unanimousD. weird2. An old woman was badly hurt in ______the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.(2003年复旦大学考博试题)A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whatever3. He thought I was lying, ______ I was telling the truth.A. hithertoB. henceforthC. whereasD. nevertheless4. I did not dare to speak aloud or even ______to Alison what was in my mind.A. murmurB. whistleC. whisperD. hum5. The new law allows you to ______ payment if you think a bill is incorrect.(2003年上海交通大学考博试题)A. withholdB. withdrawC. witherD. withstand6. The last half of the nineteenth century______ the steady improvement in the means of travel.A. testedB. provedC. confirmedD. witnessed7. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite ______.(2007年中南大学考博试题)A. unworthyB. worthlessC. invaluableD. priceless8. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite ______.(2008年北京大学考博试题)A. invaluableB. pricelessC. unworthyD. worthless9. We believe the younger generation will prove______ of our trust.(2007年财政部财政科研所考博试题)A. worthB. worthlessC. worthyD. worthwhile10. He is in bed with a bad cold, feeling pretty ______.(2004年湖北省考博试题)A. spaciousB. wideC. sufficientD. wretched11. It took years for Einstein's theory to gain ______.A. receptionB. admissionC. ownershipD. acceptance12. What sort of______ can you get for the night in a city like this?A. commissionB. treatmentC. accommodationD. recommendation13. Prof. Harkins gave his audience a vivid______ of his lecturing tour in the United States.A. taleB. newsC. accountD. plot14. Science has made great______ during the past 20 years.A. advancesB. developmentsC. movementsD. increases15. A company may______its products by means of newspapers, magazines, radio or television.A. advertiseB. sellC. propagateD. declare16. We greatly ______ your timely help, without which we could not have accomplished the task in time.A. thankB. oweC. appreciateD. admire17. In the market, the merchants______ and joked with their friends and neighbors.A. chattedB. bargainedC. discussedD. communicated18. Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full ______.A. capacityB. strengthC. lengthD. possibility19. This ______ shows that John Williams **pleted the school-work of the eighth grade.A. certificateB. formC. paperD. article20. We are governed by the hormones that______ around our bodies.A. circulateB. passC. moveD. revolve21. The explanation in the footnote ______the difficult sentence.A. modifiedB. classifiedC. clarifiedD. rectified22. The negotiation______ when no agreement could be reached.A. crushedB. collapsedC. fellD. dropped23. She has a beautiful ______ of stamps from all over the world.A. collectionB. storageC. gatheringD. accumulation24. Many salesmen receive a______ of 10 per cent on all sales made.A. fundB. sumC. commissionD. reward25. Young women from every state ______ for the title of Miss America.A. competeB. scrambleC. secureD. strive。

历年考博英语题2003年一、Directions:21. ____ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving.A. Had it not beenB. Be it notC. Were it notD. Should it not be答案：A. Had it not been22. There have been numerous novel _____ in the curriculum of the university this semester.A. inspirationB. innovationC. intersectionD. irrigation答案：B. innovation23. The teacher said the most important thing is to construct a_____ argument in writing a paper.A. colonialB. closetC. coherentD. cautious答案：C. coherent24. In the early times, people had the_____ that the sun moved round the earth.A. notationB. notionC. junctionD. inflation答案：B. notion25. It’s difficult to break down the ______ which separates different classes.A. badgeB. bandageC. bronzeD. bruise答案：A. badge26. Having no job and no children, the old woman had to live on the _____ allowance.A. miseryB. misfortuneC. militantD. miserly答案：D. miserly27. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ____his arguments in favor of the new theory.A. which to base onB. to base on whichC. on which to baseD. which to be based on答案：C. on which to base28. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, ____a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. should be thereC. there wasD. there having been答案：B. should be there29. The monument is ____ to the memory of soldier killed in the defence of the countryA. dedicatedB. delegatedC. degeneratedD. degraded答案：A. dedicated30. As long as we maintain independence and keep the ___in our own hands, we may be successful.A. narrativeB. initiativeC. authoritativeD. cumulative答案：B. initiative31. An urgent social challenge in the future will be to ensure that science and technology develop ____ in this direction.A. inclusivelyB. cohesivelyC. exclusivelyD. emperically答案：C. exclusively32. They lose their way in the forest, and ____ made matter worse was that night began to fall.A. thatB. whatC. itD. which答案：B. what33. The success of some of the most important concepts in physics was_____ to these mathematical systems.A. obligedB. distributedC. contributedD. attributed答案：D. attributed34. The western culture has pervaded every aspect of our daily life, and this ____ will change our outlook and way of life.A. by turnsB. at every turnC. in turnD. in return答案：D. in return35. Ocean don’t ____ divide the world____ unite it ; they serve to unite countries rather than to divide them.A. as much…asB. so much…asC. as many…asD. as well…as答案：B. so much…as36. It will be safer to walk on the streets without carrying large amounts of cash; virtually all financial___ will be conducted by computer.A. transmissionsB. transformationsC. transactionsD. transitions答案：C. transactions37. One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ____ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.A. skillfullyB. safelyC. obedientlyD. currently答案：C. obediently38. The rive is already ___ its banks of excessive rainfall, and the city is threatened with a likely flood.A. flush withB. level inC. flat onD. parallel to答案：A. flush with39. Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable____ to the total cost of the product.A. connectionB. correspondenceC. correlationD. proportion答案：D. proportion40. The survival____ of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins.A. rateB. degreeC. ratioD. scale答案：A. rate二、Reading comprehension41. Carnegie was able to develop his vast industrial fortune_____.A. with the act of five enterprise system.B. through large loans from the American government.C. because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industry.D. because he had relatives in the English steel industry.答案：C. because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industry.42. Carnegie followed his ancestors’ footsteps______.A. by developing a large industrial company.B. in caring for and improving benefits for the worker and the poor.C. by furthering Spencer’s Philosophy.D. by being a follower of social Darwinism.答案：B. in caring for and improving benefits for the worker and the poor.43. The industry Carnegie was not concerned with was______.A. the manufacturing steelB. the transporting of the finished product.C. the movement of raw materialsD. the lumber business答案：D. the lumber business44. Carnegie’s trips to England_____.A. were poorly for pleasure and visiting relatives.B. introduced him to charitist ideals which would influence his life.C. helped him gain steel contracts with the British industrialists.D. led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel.答案：D. led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel.45. which happened first?A. The foundation of the Carnegie Steel Co.B. the introduction of charitist idealsC. the foundation of the J.Edgar Thomson Steel Mills.D. Andrew Carnegie’s trips to Great Britain.答案：B. the introduction of charitist ideals46. we may conclude from the passage that a painting by an artist who has been influenced by other artists______.A. might be called an example of craft , not art.B. must be considered an imitation ,not an original work.C. might still be considered an original work.D. cannot properly be rated on an “originality scale”答案：C. might still be considered an original work.47. The author specifically mentions his dissatisfaction with the fail of dictionaries to______.A. distinguish clearly between art and craft.B. indicate that originality is a matter of degreeC. recognize that a reproduction may be true artD. mention that a work of art must be original答案：B. indicate that originality is a matter of degree48. The author suggests that an “originality scale” might be used to_____.A. distinguish an original work from a copy.B. determine the artistic greatness of a workC. show that originality is always relativeD. explain the difference between art and craft答案：C. show that originality is always relative49. According to the author, the aim of the artist and the aim of the craftsman are ____.A. quite different from one anotherB. more or less practical in natureC. both basically artisticD. difficult to define答案：D. difficult to define50.which of the following statement would the author be least likely to make in talking about a great painting?A. the painter is more than a good craftsmanB. the painting has considerable artistic significanceC. the painting has a strange, unusual qualityD. the painters owe nothing to other painters答案：D. the painters owe nothing to other painters51. people turn their eyes eagerly to the sea____.A. to look for cheap oilB. with a strong wish to take out more oil out of it bottomC. to enjoy their artificial islandsD. to try to find the best site for storing their oil products答案：B. with a strong wish to take out more oil out of it bottom52. the distinguishing feature of the Selmer method is______.A. that the concrete platform legs are cast at an angleB. that the mold is raised on jacksC. that the jack will be built in the concrete and form part of the leg being castD.that the mold can be constructed at an incline of up to 15 degrees答案：C. that the jack will be built in the concrete and form part of the leg being cast53. in order to increase the stability of a deep sea production platform each of its reinforced concrete legs should be made____.A. inclined outwards at an angle of up to 15degrees with the vertical lineB. inclined outwards at an angle of up to the sea levelC. inclined inwards at an angle of up to 15degrees with the vertical lineD. inclined inwards at an angle of up to the sea level答案：D. inclined inwards at an angle of up to the sea level54. slip casting is a construction technique______.A. which is invented by Ingenior F.Selmer A/S of OsloB. which is otherwise called the Selmer methodC. which is used to solely to produce large-scale tripod-legged platformsD. which is widely used in reinforced concrete work答案：B. which is otherwise called the Selmer method55. the advantage of the Selmer method over other methods in building oil production platform is ______.A. that the construction work can be cheaper and easierB. that the platform can last safely through the severest ocean stormsC. that the platform can operate at a greater depthD. both B and C答案：A. that the construction work can be cheaper and easier56. this article ______.A. describes the origin of a concept which is a part of our hesitage.B. explains the reasons behind the loyalty oathC. opposes the law which requires a witness to tell the truthD. explains why a man should be forced to testify against himself.答案：A. describes the origin of a concept which is a part of our hesitage.57. Lilburne refused to testify at his own trial because he______.A. was unwilling to testify on matter s of which he was accusedB. believe he would be forced to testify about crimes not charged against him.C. was really guiltyD. was innocent of the charge答案：B. believe he would be forced to testify about crimes not charged against him.58. the immunity from testifying against oneself_____A. did not become law until the Bill of Right was writtenB. became law in the nineteenth centuryC. was common in England before the end of seventeenth centuryD. is a universally accepted law答案：C. was common in England before the end of seventeenth century59. as a result of Lilburne’s claim_______A. a man cannot testify in his own defenseB. a man is protected from furnishing evidence against himselfC. a man is considered guilty until he is proven innocentD. the accused cannot be tried twice for the same crime答案：B. a man is protected from furnishing evidence against himself60. which of the following is implied in the passage?A. the oath which one takes to tell the truth was used against the accused with devastating effectB. the Fifth Amendment is a hindrance to law enforcementC. we owe some of our liberties to the courage of unknown men.D. Lilburne was guilty.答案：C. we owe some of our liberties to the courage of unknown men.61. the languages of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are limited in ______.A. sound patternsB. vocabulariesC. grammatical structuresD. both B and C答案：B. vocabularies62.The author says that professional linguists recognize that_______.A. western languages are superior to Eastern languagesB. all languages came from grunts and groansC. the hierarchy of languages is difficult to understandD. there is no hierarchy of languages答案：D. there is no hierarchy of languages63. the article states that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found____.A. nowhere todayB. among the Australian aboriginesC. among Eastern culturesD. among people speaking “backward” languages答案：A. nowhere today64. According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have _____.A. the potential for expanding vocabularyB. their own sound patternsC. an ability to transfer idealsD. grammatical structure答案：A. the potential for expanding vocabulary65.which of the following is implied in the passage?A. the study of languages has discredited anthropological studiesB. the study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among cultureC. the study of language is the same as the study of anthropologistsD. the study of language casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists答案：B. the study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among culture66. by diverting some or all of the money spent on preparations for war to peaceful purpose, all of the following would occur EXCEPT____A. taxes would be reduceB. education could be improvedC. science could be focused on improving human welfareD. the population explosion could be controlled答案：D. the population explosion could be controlled67. Schools at present time often have to make use of_____A. untrained teachersB. poor buildingsC. lies to promote hatred of possible enemiesD. a tiny fraction of the missiles答案：C. lies to promote hatred of possible enemies68. the problem of undernourishment will become more critical because______.A. there is inadequate shippingB. of the population explosionC. of lack of irrigationD. the American surplus will be used up in the relief of famine答案：B. of the population explosion69. in the first paragraph, “predicament”means_____.A. predictionB. expenditureC. difficultyD. investment答案：C. difficulty70. the adjective that best describes this author is ______A. pessimisticB. pragmaticC. utopianD. radical答案：B. pragmatic71. this piece of writing is ____-.A. preface to a course bookB. a professor’s advice to teachersC. the record of an introductory speechD. from a school announcement答案：A. preface to a course book72. to read this book______.A. previous courses in chemistry are necessaryB. a good mastery of biochemistry is essentialC. one needn’t have studied chemistry beforeD. one must first review his high school courses答案：C. one needn’t have studied chemistry before73. the author feels that previous books for a similar course_____A. are too simpleB. are unbalancedC. are full of mistakesD. are too difficult答案：B. are unbalanced74. in the author’s experience, the students are most interested in______A. inorganic chemistryB. organic chemistryC. biochemistryD. chemistry as a whole答案：C. biochemistry75. paragraph 4 suggests that one thing characteristic of this book is its____A. simplicity in presentationB. vividness of the languageC. thoroughness in the fieldD. adaptation to various needs答案：D. adaptation to various needs三、translation1. I give my boss a printout of the data I have entered so that he can check for errors。

清华大学博士研究生入学考试真题Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension 20%Part Ⅱ Vocabulary 10%Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A; B; C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET with a single line through the center.21. The__________of the spring water attracts a lot of visitors from other parts of the countryA. clashB. clarifyC. clarityD. clatter22. Business in this area has been__________because prices are too high.A. prosperousB. secretiveC. slackD. shrill23. He told a story about his sister who was in a sad__________when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment24. He added a__________to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary25. Some linguists believe that the________age for children learninga foreign language is 5 to 8.A. optimisticB. optionalC. optimalD. oppressed26. It all started in 1950; when people began to build their houses on the__________of their cities.A. paradisesB. omissionsC. orchardsD. outskirts27. The meeting was__________over by the mayor of the city.A. presumedB. proposedC. presentedD. presided28. The crowd__________into the hall and some had to stand outside.A. outgrewB. overthrewC. overpassedD. overflew29. It was clear that the storm__________his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated30. This problem should be discussed first; for it takes__________overall the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability31. Her sadness was obvious; but she believed that her feeling of depression was__________.A. torrentB. transientC. tensileD. textured32. Nobody knew how he came up with this__________idea about the trip.A. wearyB. twilightC. unanimousD. weird33. The flower under the sun would__________quickly without any protection.A. winkB. withholdC. witherD. widower34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic performance.A. segregationB. specificationC. spectrumD. subscription35. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.A. repealedB. resentedC. relayedD. reproached36. Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a __________eventA. cholesterolB. charcoalC. catastrophicD. chronic37. He cut the string and held up the two__________to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secre38. All the music instruments in the orchestra will be__________before it starts.A. civilizedB. chatteredC. chamberedD. chorded39. When the air in a certain space is squeezed to occupy a smaller space; the air is said to be__________.A. commencedB. compressedC. compromisedD. compensated40. She made two copies of this poem and posted them__________to different publishers.A. sensationallyB. simultaneouslyC. strenuouslyD. simplyPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A; B; C; and D. You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Each year; millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However; International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has developed technology to harvest rainwater.People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe; dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water; rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all; it is free.The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called“first-flush”device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank.A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush” device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water.Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total; the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However; if the bags are not damaged by sunlight; they could last even longer. International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However; International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family of five with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.41. People in Bangladesh can use__________as a safe source of drinking water.A. ground waterB. rainwaterC. drinking waterD. fresh water42. Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of usingrainwaterA. Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.B. People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries.C. The water harvesting system is built on a platform.D. Rainwater can be collected using pipes.43. Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tankA. a barrierB. a wire screenC. a first-flushD. a storage tank44. The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by__________.A. mosquito insectsB. a fitted coverC. a first-flush deviceD. sunlight45. What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottomA. The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank.B. The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.C. The water harvesting system should be built on a platform.D. A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it. Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Where one stage of child development has been left out; or notsufficiently experienced; the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible; for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle; in fact; underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development; and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food; to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one; he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things; particularly for food; is a very important element in upbringing; and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words; the first independent steps; or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate; but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early; a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaningof the words he reads. On the other hand; though; if a child is left alone too much; or without any learning opportunities; he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together; parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys; jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over times of coming home at night; punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general; the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.46. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children__________.A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation50. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child's happinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed peoplewho aren't Jewish. Nearly 480; 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And; if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication; it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish” when they get older.That survey asked college freshmen; who are usually around age 18; about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish; the number dropped to 38 percent; and when the mother wasn't Jew; just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish; too.“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewishide ntification was in these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking; and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children; but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completedwas not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion; whether they have any concern about their issues of identification; how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals.I think the new study's going to cover some of that;” she says. Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel; a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion; it's an experience. And with that in mind; Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults; and those with two Jewish parents; and those with just one; those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.51. The best title of this passage is__________.A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in AmericaC. Judaism-a ReligionD. College Jewish Students52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish.A. mostB. 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC. 62% of those only whose father were JewishD. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish53. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________.A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faithC. marriage of people of different religious faithsD. marriage of people who have faith in each other54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's researchA. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselves as Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraphA. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's an experience.C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage: Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts; says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow; but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world; in short; because the people in those countries do not have secure in dividual rights;” he says.Certain simple economic activities; such as food gathering and making handicrafts; rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities; such as the mass production of goods; require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive; but it is reallyproperty-intensive; Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from beingtaken by bandits; whether roving or stationary;”he argues. “There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions; the way a dog possesses a bone; but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”Would-be entrepreneurs; no matter how small; also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact; the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us; and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers;” Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view; but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather; the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights; thereare strong incentives 刺激;动力to produce; invest; and engage in mutually advantageous trade; and therefore at least some economic advance;” Olson concludes.56. Which of the following is true about OlsonA. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or viewA. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries; people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.58. What does Olson think about mass productionA. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills.59. What is the basis for the banking systemA. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.60. According to Olson; what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countriesA. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rightsC. being short of capitalD. lack of a free marketPart Ⅳ Cloze 10%Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A; B; C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another; and they do not make the voyage for the__61__of its interest. Most of us are quite happy whenwe feel__62__to go to bed and pleased when the journey__63__. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went tobed__64__earlier than usual. When I__65__my cabin; I wassurprised__66__that I was to have a companion during my trip; which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected__67__but there was a suitcase__68__mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet__69__; except that he was wearing__70__good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not__71__whoever he was and did not say__72__. As I had expected; he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered__73__as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a __74__was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten__75__the door; so I got up__76__the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and__77__the moon shone through it on to the otherbed.__78__there. It took me a minute or two to__79__the door myself.I realized that my companion__80__through the window into the sea.61. A. reason B. motive C. cause62. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiringD. enough tiring63. A. is achieved B. finish C. is overD. is in the end64. A. quite B. rather C. fairlyD. somehow65. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrived toD. reached at66. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. at seeingD. to see67. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being aloneD. to be alone68. A. like B. as C. similar thanD. the same that69. A. in each place B. for all parts C. somewhereD. anywhere70. A. a so B. so C. such aD. such71. A. treat together well B. pass together wellC. get on well togetherD. go by well72. A. him a single word B. him not one wordC. a single word to himD. not one word to him73. A. up me B. up myself C. up to myselfD. myself up74. A. draft B. voice C. airD. sound75. A. to close B. closing C. to have to closeD. for closing76. A. to shut B. for shutting C. in shuttingD. but shut77. A. while doing like that B. as I did like thatC. as I did soD. at doing so78. A. It was no one B. There was no oneC. It was anyoneD. There was anyone79. A. remind to lock B. remember to lockC. remind lockingD. remember locking80. A. had to jump B. was to have jumpedC. must have jumpedD. could be jumpedPart Ⅴ Writing 20%Directions: In this part; you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是 ..2. 使我难忘的原因是 ..3. 它对我后来的影响是 ..试题详解Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension略Part Ⅱ Vocabulary 10%21. C 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. D 28. B29. A 30.A31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. BPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension41. B 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. B 48. D 49. D 50. A51. B 52. B 53. C 54. B 55. D 56. C 57. A 58. B 59. A 60. BPart Ⅳ Clo ze61. D 62. A 63. C 64. B 65. A 66. D 67. D 68. A69. D 70.D71. C 72. C 73. D 74. A 75. A 76. A 77. C 78. B 79. D 80. CPart Ⅴ Writing参考范文: Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work The most unforgettable thing in my research career by now is a course named aspects of translation that was given in the second semester when I was a senior undergraduate student.One of the reasons for which the course has left such a deep impression on me is that it was the first time I learned to look at and study translation from a completely new perspective; the perspective of linguistics. Before taking that course; I though that translation was no more than the mechanic practice of turning texts written in one language into those in another and didn't realize that it had anything to do with linguistics; though; in retrospect; the link ought to be obvious for linguistics is the science that studies language properly. It was very fortunate for me to attend during the same semester the course Introduction to Linguistics; which helped me pave the way for the study of that critical course. Obvious as the link between the two disciplines was; it was still a giant project to actually connect the two and the course proved to be very brain-consuming. However; once the barriers collapsed; the landscape altered and became much moreopen. I could appreciate many beautiful scenes that I had never discovered before.Encouraged by the first attempt at inter-disciplinary study; in my later research and life I always try to bridge what I have learned in different courses and different aspects of life; to fill them into my jigsaw of knowledge about the world and myself and to complete it and perfect myself.。