UNIT 14 UNDER THE SIGN OF MICKEY MOUSE & CO. Section One Pre-reading Activities (2)
I. Audiovisual supplement (2)
II. Cultural background (2)
Section Two Global Reading (3)
I. General analysis of the text (3)
II. Structural analysis of the text (3)
III. Rhetorical features of the text (3)
Section Three Detailed Reading (4)
I. Questions (5)
II. Words and Expressions (6)
III. Sentences (9)
Section Four Consolidation Activities (11)
I. Vocabulary (11)
II. Grammar (13)
III. Translation (16)
IV. Exercises for integrated skills (17)
V. Oral activities (18)
VI. Writing (18)
Section Five Further Enhancement (19)
I. Text II (19)
II. Memorable quotes (22)
Section One Pre-reading Activities
I. Audiovisual supplement
From Mickey Mouse
Watch the video and answer the following questions.
Script
Minnie: It’s coming. Shh ... Hide.
Mickey: Hi, Minnie, how about a little …
Minnie: You clown.
All: Happy birthday! Oh, you pal!
Mickey: Hey, thanks! Thanks!
Minnie: Go pick the cake. Mickey! Ah! An electric organ!
Mickey: For me? Oh, I don’t deserve it.
Donald Duck: Deserve a lot! How about a little play, Mickey?
Minnie: Oh, Mickey!
All: [laugh]
Questions:
1. What are they doing in this scene?
Answer:They are celebrating Mickey’s birthday.
2. What does Mickey mean when he says “I do not deserve it”?
Answer: He is implying the gift is so nice and trying to be polite.
II. Cultural background
1. American popular culture
American popular culture is the attitudes and perspectives shared by the majority of the U.S. citizens, which expresses itself through a number of media, including movies, music, sports and cultural icons.
2. Different aspects of the American popular culture
●Movies e.g. Hollywood, Broadway
●Music e.g. hip-hop, Rap, jazz, blues, country, R&B
●Sports e.g. NBA
●Cultural icons e.g. Mickey Mouse, Bugs Bunny
3. American popular culture in China
●American Brands: Coca-Cola, IBM, Johnson & Johnson, Microsoft, Wal-Mart Stores, etc.
●American movies’ ticket office in China: American movies Avatar and Alice in Wonderland ranked
the first and the second in China’s ticket office list of 2010.
Section Two Global Reading
I. General analysis of the text
American culture has been infiltrating nations all over the world over the past two decades, marginalizing traditional cultures throughout the world and bringing about the kind of global “fun”culture that Disney is famous for. In this text, Todd Gitlin reveals the trend that American culture is becoming dominant and enjoys worldwide popularity, and accounts for this cultural phenomenon. II. Structural analysis of the text
The text can be divided into the following three parts:
Part I (Paragraphs 1):This is the introduction where the author advances his idea that American culture is dominant over the “global village”.
Part II (Paragraphs 2 –5):This part presents evidence of the universal popularity that American culture enjoys, and explores what underlies the cultural phenomenon. This part can be further divided into two sub-sections. Paragraphs 2 –4 as a sub-section give testimony to the idea that American pop culture is recognized worldwide, while Paragraph 5 explains why it is so.
Part III (Paragraph 6): The author concludes his argument with a thought-provoking restatement of his point.
III. Rhetorical features of the text
Contrast is a prominent feature of the text. It is realized by parallel structures, where there is semantic disparity. For instance, in Paragraph 1, “in mansions on the hill” is in contrast to “in huts”. In Paragraph 4, Grandfather is dressed in “traditional Tungusian clothing”. Grandson has on his head “a reversed baseball cap”. Contrast is also manifested through lexical opposition, as exemplified in “They are both local and cosmopolitan”, where “local”is opposite to “cosmopolitan”. There are other examples like dispatch－collect, well known－rarely acknowledged, love－hate, antagonism－dependency, monocultures－cultural bilingualism.
Read the text and find other structural and lexical manifestations of contrast.
Section Three Detailed Reading
UNDER THE SIGN OF MICKEY MOUSE & CO.
Todd Gitlin
1 Everywhere, the media flow defies national boundaries. This is one of its obvious, but at the
same time amazing, features. A global torrent is not, of course, the master metaphor to which we have grown accustomed. We’re more accustomed to Marshall McLuhan’s global village.
Those who resort to this metaphor casually often forget that if the world is a global village, some live in mansions on the hill, others in huts. Some dispatch images and sounds around town at the touch of a button; others collect them at the touch of their buttons. Yet McLuhan’s image reveals an indispensable half-truth. If there is a village, it speaks American. It wears jeans, drinks Coke, eats at the golden arches, walks on swooshed shoes, plays electric guitars, recognizes Mickey Mouse, James Dean, E.T., Bart Simpson, R2-D2, and Pamela Anderson.
2 At the entrance to the champagne cellar of Piper-Heidsieck in Reims, in eastern France, a
plaque declares that the cellar was dedicated by Marie Antoinette. The tour is narrated in six languages, and at the end you walk back upstairs into a museum featuring photographs of famous people drinking champagne. And who are they? Perhaps members of today’s royal houses, presidents or prime ministers, economic titans or Nobel Prize winners? Of course not.
They are movie stars, almost all of them American －Marilyn Monroe to Clint Eastwood. The symmetry of the exhibition is obvious, the premise unmistakable: Hollywood stars, champions of consumption, are the royalty of this century, more popular by far than poor doomed Marie.
3 Hollywood is the global cultural capital －capital in both senses. The United States
presides over a sort of World Bank of styles and symbols, an International Cultural Fund of images, sounds, and celebrities. The goods may be distributed by American-, Canadian-, European-, Japanese-, or Australian-owned multinational corporations, but their styles, themes, and images do not detectably change when a new board of directors takes over. Entertainment is one of America’s top exports. In 1999, in fact, film, television, music, radio, advertising, print publishing, and computer software together were the top export, almost $80 billion worth, and while software alone accounted for $50 billion of the total, some of that category also qualifies as entertainment －video games and pornography, for example. Hardly anyone is exempt from the force of American images and sounds. French resentment of Mickey Mouse, Bruce Willis, and the reset of American civilization is well known. Less well known, and rarely acknowledged by the French, is the fact that Terminator 2 sold 5 million tickets in France during the month it opened －with no submachine guns at the heads of the customers. The same culture minister, Jack Lang, who in 1982 achieved a moment of predictable notoriety in the United States for declaring that Dallas amounted to cultural imperialism, also conferred France’s highest honor in the arts on Elizabeth Taylor and Sylvester Stallone. The point is not hypocrisy pure and simple but something deeper, something obscured by a single-minded emphasis on American power: dependency. American popular culture is the nemesis that hundreds of millions －perhaps billions －of people love, and love to hate. The antagonism and the dependency are inseparable, for the media flood －essentially American in its origin, but virtually unlimited in its reach －represents, like it or not, a common imagination.
4 How shall we understand the Hong Kong T-shirt that says “I Feel Coke”? Or the little
Japanese girl who asks an American visitor in all innocence, “Is there really a Disneyland in America?”(She knows the one in Tokyo.) Or the experience of a German television reporter sent to Siberia to film indigenous life, who after flying out of Moscow and then travelling for days by boat, bus, and jeep, arrives near the Arctic Sea where live a tribe of Tungusians known to ethnologists for their bearskin rituals. In the community store sits a grandfather with his grandchild on his knee. Grandfather is dressed in traditional Tungusian clothing. Grandson has on his head a reversed baseball cap.
5 American popular culture is the closest approximation today to a global lingua franca,
drawing the urban and young in particular into a common cultural zone where they share some dreams of freedom, wealth, comfort, innocence, and power －and perhaps most of all, youth as a state of mind. In general, despite the rhetoric of “identity,”young people do not live in monocultures. They are not monocular. They are both local and cosmopolitan. Cultural bilingualism is routine. Just as their “cultures” are neither hard-wired nor uniform, so there is no simple way in which they are “Americanized”, though there are American tags on their experience －low-cost links to status and fun. Everywhere, fun lovers, efficiency seekers, Americaphiles, and Americaphobes alike pass through the portals of Disney and the arches of McDonald’s wearing Levi’s jeans and Gap jackets. Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, John Wayne, Marilyn Monroe, James Dean, Bob Dylan, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Clint Eastwood, Bruce Willis, the multi-color chorus of Coca-Cola, and the next flavor of the month or the universe are the icons of a curious sort of one-world sensibility, a global semiculture. America’s bid for global unification surpasses in reach that of the Roman, the British, the Catholic or Islam;
though without either an army or a God, it requires less. The Tungusian boy with the reversed cap on his head does not automatically think of it as “American,” let alone side with the U.S.
Army.
6 The misleadingly easy answer to the question of how American images and sounds became
omnipresent is: American imperialism. But the images are not even faintly force-led by American corporate, political, or military power. The empire strikes from inside the spectator as well as from outside. This is a conundrum that deserves to be approached with respect if we are to grasp the fact that Mickey Mouse and Coke are everywhere recognized and often enough enjoyed. In the peculiar unification at work throughout the world, there is surely a supply side, but there is not only a supply side. Some things are true even if multinational corporations claim so: there is demand.
I. Questions
1. What unifies the nations into a “global village”? (Paragraph 1)
Answer: It is the media flow that unifies the nations into a “global village”, as it defies national boundaries. When national boundaries are no longer a barrier of communication and when communication is so easy and fast on the Internet, people all over the world feel as if they were living in the same one village.
2. How do you understand “the symmetry of the exhibition”? (Paragraphs 2)
Answer: “The symmetry of the exhibition” means the balance, or the approximate balance between two sides: on the one hand is Marie Antoinette, the dedicator of the cellar and Queen of France to Louis XVI, and on the other are American pop stars. The former was royalty in history while the latter are royalty of the modern era, in the metaphorical sense.
3. What underlies French hypocrisy as shown in Paragraph 3? (Paragraphs 3)
Answer: French hypocrisy as manifested by the two facts related in Paragraph 3 is only superficial. There is something deeper. What lies behind is the paradox: the antagonism and the dependency are inseparable. People everywhere consciously resist the invasion of American culture for the maintenance of their native cultures, but subconsciously enjoy and even rely on American culture. 4. Why does American culture become a kind of lingua franca? (Paragraphs 2-5)
Answer: Part of the reason that American culture becomes a kind of lingua franca, i.e. it is universally recognized, is that it meets a psychological need in the growth of the young. Another part of the reason is America’s attempt to popularize their culture in the world for economic, ide ological and other purposes. In short, American culture as a kind of lingua franca is the result of America’s striking
“from inside the spectator as well as from outside.”
Class Activity
Group discussion:
How do you understand the questions the author raised in Paragraph 4?
II. Words and Expressions
Paragraph 1
defy:v.offer effective resistance to sth. or sb.
e.g. defy public opinion
a political move that defies explanation
The baby boy defied all the odds and survived.
Translation:
他不顾一切困难坚持干下去。
He was going ahead defying all difficulties.
这扇门怎么样都打不开。
The door defied all attempts to open it.
amazing: a.very surprising, esp. in a way that makes you feel pleasure or admiration e.g.an amazing achievement/discovery/success/performance
It’s amazing how quickly people adapt.
Derivation: amazingly ad.
e.g.Amazingly, no one noticed.
The meal was amazingly cheap.
torrent: n. a rushing, violent or abundant stream of anything
e.g.The rain was coming down in torrents.
a torrent of abuse/criticism/words
Derivation:torrential a.
e.g.torrential applause
a torrential flow of words
Translation:
没等散会，暴雨就倾泻而下。
Before the meeting could end, torrential rain began to pour.
accustomed: a.familiar with sth. and accepting is as normal or usual Collocation:be/become/get accustomed to sth. / doing sth.
e.g.My eyes slowly grew accustomed to the dark.
She was a person accustomed to having eight hours’ sleep a night. Synonym:habituated, adapted
Antonym: unaccustomed
resort: v.turn to sth. for assistance or as the means to an end
Collocation:resort to sth.
e.g.They felt obliged to resort to violence.
We may have to resort to using untrained staff.
dispatch: v.send off or away with promptness or speed
e.g. The government was preparing to dispatch 6,000 soldiers to search the island.
The victory inspired him to dispatch a gleeful telegram to the President.
Phrase:with dispatch: quickly and efficiently
e.g. He carries out his duties with dispatch.
indispensable: a.essential; too important to be without
e.g.Cars have become an indispensable part of our lives.
Collocation:
indispensable to sb./ sth.
e.g. She made herself indispensable to the department.
indispensable for sth. / doing sth.
e.g. A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language.
Antonym:dispensable
e.g.They looked on music and art lessons as dispensable.
swoosh: v. make a brushing sound
e.g. Cars and trucks swooshed past.
The basketball swooshed through the net.
Translation:
飞机的推进器卷起一阵呼啸的强风。
The propellers of the plane swooshed a gale.
Paragraphs 2-5
narrate: v.give a continuous account of sth.
e.g. She entertained them by narrating her adventures in Africa.
Derivation:
narration: n.
e.g. The richness of his novel comes from his narration of it.
narrative: a.
e.g.narrative fiction/ structure
narrator: n.
e.g.So he listens and waits for the narrator to explain more.
celebrity: n. A celebrity is someone who has become famous for sth., esp. for sth. connected with acting or show business.
e.g.a global/local celebrity
TV celebrities
Translation:
这场讲座由一位体育名人主讲。
The lecture will be given by a sports celebrity.
他是小镇上最出名的人物。
He is the most well-known celebrity in the town.
distribute: v.pass out or deliver
Collocation: distribute sth. (to/among sb./sth.)
e.g.The organization distributed food and blankets to the earthquake victims.
The money was distributed among schools in the area.
Translation:
本报免费发送。
The newspaper is distributed free.
这些传单将由数百名中学生散发。
The leaflets were to be distributed by hundreds of high school students.
Derivation:distribution: n.
e.g.the unfair distribution of wealth
They studied the geographical distribution of the disease.
exempt: a.not subject to an obligation, liability, etc.
Collocation: exempt from sth.
e.g.The interest on the money is exempt from tax.
Some students are exempt from certain exams.
Word formation:-exempt: in compounds, forming adjectives
e.g.tax-exempt donations to charity
resentment: n. a feeling of displeasure or indignation at sb. or sth. regarded as the cause of injury or insult
e.g.She could not conceal the deep resentment she felt at the way she had been treated.
They had to suppress all their natural resentments.
Collocation:feel/harbour/bear resentment towards/against sb.
Synonym:hatred, hostility, enmity, malice
notoriety: n.fame for being bad in some way
Collocation:notoriety for/as sth.
e.g.She achieved notoriety for her affair with the senator.
He gained a certain notoriety as a gambler.
Derivation:notorious: a.
e.g. a notorious criminal
The country is notorious for its appalling prison conditions.
Synonym: infamy, discredit
confer: v.give sb. an award, a university degree or a particular honour or right
Collocation:confer sth. on/upon sb.
e.g.An honorary degree was conferred on him by Oxford University in 1995.
The Queen conferred knighthood on the brave soldier.
Synonym:bestow, grant, award, honour
nemesis: n. (pl. nemeses) an unconquerable opponent or rival
e.g.Injury, consistently his nemesis, struck him down during the match.
The basketball team met its nemesis.
Every civilization seems to have its nemesis.
Etymology:The word originates from Greek Mythology. Nemesis is a goddess who is usually portrayed as the agent of divine punishment for wrongdoing or presumption.
indigenous: a.characteristic of a particular region or country
e.g.countries with rich indigenous cultural traditions
The elephant is indigenous to India.
Translation:
大熊猫产于中国。
Giant pandas are indigenous to China.
袋鼠原产于澳大利亚。
The kangaroo is indigenous to Australia.
Synonym: native, aboriginal, local
reverse: v.bring back to or into; turn in the opposite direction
e.g.The government has failed to reverse the economic decline.
He took the chair, reversed it, and drew it towards the fire.
Phrases:
in reverse: in the opposite order or way; backwards
e.g.The password is my phone number in reverse.
go/put sth. into reverse: start to happen or to make sth. happen in the opposite way
e.g. In the 1980s, the economic growth went into reverse.
monocular: a.having only one eye
e.g.He had only monocular vision.
a monocular microscope
Derivation:monocularity: n.
monocularly: ad.
cosmopolitan: a.belonging to all the world
e.g.I was very much struck by London －the fact that it’s so cosmopolitan.
a cosmopolitan city/resort
Translation:
音乐是最具有世界性的艺术之一。
Music is one of the most cosmopolitan of the arts.
这个俱乐部具有国际氛围。
The club has a cosmopolitan atmosphere.
portal: a. (formal or literary) a door, gate or entrance, esp. one of imposing size and appearance
e.g.the main portal of the cathedral
villas with huge marble portals
the portal of knowledge
icon: n.symbol
e.g. Click on the printer icon with the mouse.
a feminist icon
Madonna and other pop icons of the 1980s
Synonym:idol, symbol, model
Paragraph 6
omnipresent: a.present everywhere at the same time
e.g.These days the media are omnipresent.
the omnipresent threat of natural disasters
Word formation: omni-: all
e.g.omnipotent, omniscient, omnivorous
III. Sentences
Paraphrase/explanation
1) Everywhere, the media flow defies national boundaries. (Paragraph 1)
Paraphrase:
Throughout the world, the modern electronic media flow across national boundaries. / Throughout the world, the media flow is not barred by national boundaries.
2) Just as their “cultures” are neither hard-wired nor uniform, so there is no simple way in which they
are “Americanized”, though there are American tags on their experience －low-cost links to status and fun. (Paragraph 5)
Paraphrase:
For young people, cultures are not innate or unvarying. They don’t simply become Americanized although they may have contact with American fun culture at little cost.
3) The empire strikes from inside the spectator as well as from outside. (Paragraph 6) Paraphrase:
American pop culture not only impacts on the more material side of young people’s lives but also touches their hearts with great force.
Section Four Consolidation Activities
I. Vocabulary
1. Word derivation
1) detect v. → detection n.→ detectable a.
①这些检查旨在早期查出疾病。
The tests are designed to detect the disease early.
②然而许多问题却未被察觉。
Many problems, however, escape detection.
③这种噪音人的耳朵几乎是察觉不到的。
The noise is barely detectable by the human ear.
2)resent v.→ resentment n.→ resentful a.
①他十分厌恶被别人当孩子对待。
He bitterly resents being treated like a child.
②他因为自己悲惨的童年而对父母怀恨在心。
He harbours a deep resentment against his parents for his miserable childhood.
③她被运动队淘汰了，对此她愤愤不平。
She was resentful at having been left out of the team.
3)defy v.→defiance n.→ defiant a.
①如果你不服从法律，你就可能坐牢。
If you defy the law, you may find yourself in prison.
②尽管国际上明令禁止，核试验又在进行了。
Nuclear testing was resumed in defiance of an international ban.
③恐怖主义者向政府发出了挑战书。
The terrorists sent a defiant message to the government.
4)notoriety n.→ notorious a. → notoriously ad.
①他最近卑鄙的所作所为使他臭名昭著。
He achieved a certain notoriety after his recent mean acts.
②尽管此人之傲慢远近闻名，我觉得我还是可以和他打交道的。Despite his notorious arrogance, I felt I could do business with him.
③山地气候难以预料是人所共知的。
Mountain weather is notoriously difficult to predict.
5)antagonism n.→ antagonist n.→ antagonistic a.
①他对宿敌的仇恨仍然十分强烈。
The antagonism he felt towards his old enemy was still very strong.
②克林顿是个强劲的对手。
Clinton was a formidable antagonist.
③他对媒体，特别是报纸，公开表示敌意。
He is openly antagonistic to the media, particularly newspaper.
6) bilingual a.→ bilingualism n.
①他们需要谙熟两种语言的秘书。
They need bilingual secretaries.
②双语制是很有远见的教育政策。
Bilingualism is a farsighted educational policy.
7)amaze v.→ amazement n.→ amazing a.
①有些人为了钱什么都会干得出来，这一直令我惊愕不已。
It never ceases to amaze me what some people will do for money.
②使我大为惊奇的是，他能把这首诗从头至尾背诵出来。
To my amazement, he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.
③有这么多人来参加这些会议真是匪夷所思。
It’s amazing that so many people come to these meetings.
8) reverse v. → reversal n. → reversible a.
①各个项目的次序颠倒过来了。
The order of the items had been reversed.
②总统将对他政策的急剧逆转作出解释。
The President would explain his sharp reversal of policy.
③私有化趋势可逆转吗？
Is the trend towards privatization reversible?
2. Phrase Practice
Fill in the blanks with appropriate phrases from the text.
1) She belongs to that kind of people who are accustomed to having their own way.
be accustomed to: If you are accustomed to sth., you are familiar with it and accept it as normal or usual.
①我不习惯被人打扰。
I am not accustomed to being interrupted.
②学生们很快就习惯了大学的生活。
Students are quickly accustomed to the college life.
2) The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the company’s revenue.
account for: to be a particular amount or part of sth.
①但是今天这样的应用只不过占因特网流量的很小一部分。
But today such applications account for only a small fraction of internet traffic.
②但美国国债仍然只占美国家庭总资产额的1%。
But the U.S. Treasuries still account for only 1% of total household assets.
3) Who happened to preside over the economic crisis at the time?
preside over: lead or be in charge of a meeting, ceremony, etc.
①他们问我是否会主持委员会会议。
They asked me if I would preside over the committee meeting.
②该党执政时期，国家经历了历史上最严重的经济衰退。
The party presided over one of the worst economic declines in the country’s history.
4) We were jailed for a week －well, confined to quarters, but it amounted to the same thing. amount to: be equal to or the same as sth.
①她的答复等于完全拒绝。
Her answer amounted to a complete refusal.
②他们的行为已构成违约。
Their actions amount to a breach of contract.
3. Synonym / Antonym
1) This is one of its obvious, but at the same time amazing, features.
Synonym: striking, astonishing, remarkable
1)Yet McLuhan’s image reveals an indispensable half-truth.
Synonym: essential, necessary, fundamental, key, crucial
2)The symmetry of the exhibition is obvious, the premise unmistakable.
Synonym: balance, harmony, regularity, evenness, correspondence
3)The United States presides over a sort of World Bank of styles and symbols, an International
Cultural Fund of images, sounds, and celebrities.
Synonym: star, personality, personage, VIP, somebody
4)Hardly anyone is exempt from the force of American images and sounds.
Antonym: liable, subject, susceptible
5)The point is not hypocrisy pure and simple but something deeper.
Antonym: sincerity, honesty, truthfulness, frankness, earnest
6)They are both local and cosmopolitan.
Synonym: universal, global, worldly
7)America’s bid for global unification surpasses in reach that of the Romans, the British, the
Catholic or Islam.
Synonym: attempt, endeavor
II. Grammar
1. Bare infinitive vs. full infinitive
In English, a verb’s infinitive is its unmarked form, such as be, do, have, or sit, often introduced by the particle to. When this particle is absent, the infinitive is said to be a bare infinitive; when it is present, it is generally considered to be a part of the infinitive, then known as the full infinitive(or to-infinitive).
The bare infinitive is not used in as many contexts as the full infinitive, but some of these are quite common:
?The bare infinitive is used as the main verb after the dummy auxiliary verb do, or most modal auxiliary verbs (such as will, can, or should). So, “I will/do/can/etc. see it.”
?Several common verbs of perception, including see, watch, hear, feel, and sense take a direct object and a bare infinitive, where the bare infinitive indicates an action taken by the main
verb’s direct object. So, “I saw/watched/heard/etc. it happen.”
?Similarly with several common verbs of permission or causation, including make, bid, let, and have. So, “I made/bade/let/had him do it.” However, make takes a to-infinitive in the passive voice: “I was made to do it.”
?After the had better expression. So, “You had better leave now.”
?With the verb help. So, “He helped them find it.” The use of the to-infinitive with the verb help is also common.
The bare infinitive is the dictionary form of a verb, and is generally the form of a verb that receives a definition; however, the definition itself generally uses a to-infinitive. So, “The word
‘amble’ means ‘to walk slowly.’“
The full infinitive (or to-infinitive) is used in a great many different contexts:
?It can be used like a noun phrase, expressing its action or state in an abstract, general way. So, “To err is human”; “To know me is to love me”. However, a gerund is often preferred for this —“Being is doing” would be more natural than the abstract and philosophical sounding “To be is to do.”
?It can be used like an adjective or adverb, expressing purpose or intent. So, “The letter says I’m to wait outside”, or “He is the man to talk to”, or “[In order] to meditate, one must free
one’s mind.”
?In either of the above uses, it can often be given a subject using the preposition for: “For him to fail now would be a great disappointment”; “[In order] for you to get there on time,
you’ll need to leave now.” The former sentence could also be written, “His failing now would be a great disappointment.”
?It can be used after many intransitive verbs; in this case, it generally has the subject of the main verb as its implicit subject. So, “I agreed to leave” or “He failed to make his case.” (This may be considered a special case of the noun-like use above.) With some verbs the infinitive may carry a significantly different meaning from a gerund: compare I stopped to talk to her
with I stopped talking to her, or I forgot to buy the bread with I forgot buying the bread.
?It can be used after the direct objects of many transitive verbs; in this case, it generally has the direct object of the main verb as its implicit subject. So, “I convinced him to leave with
me”, or “He asked her to make his case on his behalf.” However, in some cases, the subject of the main clause is also subject of the infinitival clause, as in “John promises Mary to cook”,
where the cook is John (the subject of the main sentence), and not Mary (the object).
?As a special case of the above, it can often be used after an intransitive verb, together with a subject using the preposition for: “I arranged for him to accompany me”, or “I waited for
summer to arrive.”
Practice:
Insert to, if necessary, in the following sentences.
1)Mary was made to sing one song after another.
The passive form of make, see or hear is followed by a full infinitive.
2)We may just as well / stay at home.
Sooner than / travel by airbus, I’d prefer a week on a big liner.
When sooner than is put at the beginning of a sentence, a bare infinitive should be used.
3)There is no choice but to wait.
If there is a pro-form do before the preposition but, either the full infinitive or the bare infinitive can be used, but if there is no such pro-form, a full infinitive should be used.
4)Don’t let / slip such a good opportunity.
5)Would you rather / stay here or go with me?
6)He was seen to enter the room.
7)It’s better to travel hopefully than to arrive.
2. Pre- and post-positioned adjectives
The position of an adjective before or after a noun can occasionally change its entire meaning in English.
Practice:Explain the difference between the underlined parts in each pair.
1) A. Tom Jackson is responsible for the project.
B. Tom Jackson is a responsible man.
2) A. Their house was pink in the sunset.
B. The Browns live in that pink house.
3) A. Mother cast a concerned look at the son.
B: All persons concerned will meet at the dean’s office.
4) A. Is that a navigable river?
B. Is that river navigable at present?
5) A. Which is the furthest star visible from the Earth?
B. How many visible stars are there in the sky?
6) A. The members present vetoed the proposal.
B. The present members vetoed the proposal.
7) A. After the introduction we started the meeting proper.
B. Snowdon’s not very high, but it’s a proper mountain, not a hill.
8) A. The issues involved are rather complicated.
B. Most readers don’t like his involved style.
Keys:
1. A. in charge of
B. trustworthy
2. A. The house takes on the colour of pink because of the reflection of the sunlight.
B. The house is painted in pink.
3. A. worried
B. related
4. A. permanent feature
B. temporary feature
5. A. a star that can be seen
B. a category of stars that is identified as observable by people
6. A. those members who were there at the meeting
B. those who are members now
7. A. itself
B. real, genuine
8. A. closely connected in relationships and activities with others
B. complicated
3. Tense
Tense is a set of forms taken by a verb to indicate the time (and sometimes also the continuance or completeness) of the action in relation to the time of the utterance.
Practice:
Complete the following sentences with the proper forms of the verbs given.
1.If the cat hides in the tree, the dog ____________ (not find) it.
2.The students would have solved the problem if they _________________ (use) their textbooks.
3.The dress which _________ (reduce) in the sale ____________ (try) on by so many people that
it distinctly __________ (soil).
4.Surprisingly, the pound __________(not fall) since the dollar ________ (devalue) last month.
5.I am not surprised squatters ________ (try) to get into that house; it ________ (stand) empty for
over two years now.
6.If you go on spending at this rate, all your inheritance ____________ (spend) by the end of this
year.
7.He tensed himself, __________ (listen) to see if anyone ________ (follow) him.
8.I ____________ (spend) a tense week _________ (wait) for the results of the tests.
Keys:
1.will not find
2.had used
3.was reduced, had been tried, was soiled
4.has not fallen, was devalued
5.have tried, have been standing / have stood
6.will have been spent
7.listening, had followed
8.spent, waiting
III. Translation
1.国会有责任确保在诉诸武力之前已经用尽所有的和平手段。（resort to）
Explanation:
When you resort to sth., you make use of it as a means of achieving sth.
Translation:
Congress has the responsibility to ensure that all peaceful options are exhausted before resorting to war.
Practice:
①他们觉得有必要诉诸暴力。
They felt obliged to resort to violence.
②由于动物蛋白价格昂贵，穷苦世界的人民只好全靠植物蛋白为生了。
Owing to the cost of animal protein, the poor world is forced to resort almost entirely to plant protein.
2. 我们10点钟下班，由夜班接手。（take over）
Explanation:
If you take over sth., you begin to have control of or responsibility for it, esp. in place of sb. else. Translation:
We stop work at 10 o’clock, and then the night shift takes over.
Practice:
①机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢？
In what field will robots take over human tasks?
②政府于1948年接管了铁路。
The government took over the railways in 1948.
3. 他不用服国家兵役，因为他从事的是免于征兵的（reserved）职业。（exempt from）Explanation:
If sth. is exempt from sth. else, it is free from the obligation, duty or payment the latter requires. Translation:
He was exempt from national service because he was in a reserved occupation.
Practice:
①住这些房子可免付租金。
These houses are exempt from paying rates.
②他们努力想免除他的责任。
They made efforts to exempt him from responsibility.
4. 那样的房子我都租不起，更不用说买了。（let alone)
Explanation:
Let alone is used after a statement to emphasize that because the first thing is not true or possible, the next thing cannot be true or possible either.
Translation:
I can’t afford to rent a house like that, let alone buy it.
Practice:
①连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。
There isn’t enough room for us, let alone any guests.
②她连自行车都不会骑，更别说开车了。
She can’t ride a bicycle, let alone drive a car.
IV. Exercises for integrated skills
1. Dictation
All of the customs, beliefs, values, knowledge, and skills / that guide a people’s behavior along shared paths / are part of their culture. / Culture can be divided / into material aspects and nonmaterial aspects. / People throughout the world / have different cultures. / Thus their standards for behavior often differ. / We tend to assume / that certain behaviors have pretty much the same meaning around the world, / and we anticipate / that other people will act as we do. / But this is clearly not the case. / When we are thrust into a different culture, / we may find ourselves in situations / for which we are unprepared. / Not surprisingly, / interaction among peoples of different cultures / is often filled with uncertainties and even difficulties.
2. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.
Symbols do not necessarily look, sound, or otherwise resemble what they stand (1) ___________. In some cultures black is the color of mourning; in (2) _________ white or red suggests grief. Those colors, like all symbols, (3) _________ their meanings from tradition and consensus, not from any qualities inherent in the colors (4) __________.
People in a society must agree (5) ____________ the meanings of symbols if they are to be understood. A gold band worn on the third finger of someone’s (6) __________ hand tells us that he or she is married only because in our (7) _________ this is a commonly recognized symbol for (8)__________. Of course, even though a wedding band is commonly understood to (9) _______ the wearer is married, the (10) ________ the wearer and each of us interprets the condition of marriage has become quite flexible.
Keys:
1. for
2. others
3. derive
4. themselves
5. on
6. left
7. culture
8. marriage
9. mean 10. way
(1) This sentence lacks a word, meaning “to symbolize” together with stand.
(2) Judging from the semicolon and in some cultures, we come to know that the two clauses of this
sentence are contrastive.
(3) Judging from the context, here lacks a verb which can constitute a phrase with from meaning
“to come out of”.
(4) Inherent here means “existing as an essential constituent or characteristic in the nature of sth.”.
(5) In this sentence, we need a functional word that goes together with agree.
(6) According to the sentence structure and its meaning, we only have two choices －left and
right. Based on our general knowledge, it should be the “left”hand.
(7) The whole passage talks about culture. Here the author is citing an example which exists in a
specific cultural background.
(8) It can be inferred from the context that wearing a ring indicates that the girl is married.
(9) This sentence further illustrates the first sentence of the second paragraph People in a society
must agree on the meanings of symbols if they are to be understood. Therefore, such a phenomenon should be understood to “mean” some special meaning.
(10) Judging from the context and the logic of the passage, the sentence lacks its subject which is
modified by the wearer and each of us interprets the condition of marriage.Moreover, if we interpret something, we explain it in one “way” or another.
V. Oral activities
1.Having a dialogue
Michael Jackson, the King of Pop, was a very successful singer with millions of fans. Have a dialogue with a classmate about him. The following questions can be asked:
1) When and where was he born?
2) What was his family background?
3) What was he famous for?
4) Why did he remain popular after his sudden death in 2009?
5) Do you think he can be regarded as a symbol of American culture?
Words and phrases for reference:“King of Pop”, popular music, lifelong achievement, dispute, scandal, global influence, death, etc.
2.Having a discussion
Have you ever seen a Hollywood movie or simply an American movie? If yes, discuss in a group what it is about, what impresses you most and why you like it or dislike it.
Aspects you may consider:
a. theme
b. genre
c. social background when the film is produced
d. actor/actress
e. cost
…
VI. Writing
Music can be roughly divided into two types: classical and popular. It is obviou s that young people in China today like popular music much more.
Write an essay with the title “Why Popular Music?”In the first part, say something general about the fact that popular music is much more preferred than classical music among Chinese youth. In the second part, explain what attracts young people so much to popular music. And in the third part, draw a conclusion.
Viewpoints and information for reference:
Why Popular Music?
more related to people’s everyday life
brief and less complicated to understand
More personal feelings are poured out in pop music than in classical music.
Pop music which evolved out of rock and roll was introduced in the mid 1950’s is modern day music. It is usually understood to be commercially recorded music that is often oriented towards a youth market.
Since 1950, pop music has been identified as the music that is accessible to the wildest audience and is often mostly played on the radio.
Section Five Further Enhancement
I. Text II
1. Lead-in Questions
1)If someone who is completely ignorant of China asked you to introduce it, which aspects will you
choose? You may discuss with your classmates.
Aspects for reference: location, history, traditions, economic development, current events, folk life, etc.
2)How would you comment on the current Sino-American relations?
a. cooperative and beneficial
b. stressful and conflicting
c. complicated and tangled
2. Text Ⅱ
INTO THE UNKNOWN1
Michael Elliott
1 A few years ago, I read a terrific collection of essays －It Must Be Beautiful－on the great scientific equations of modern times. I loved it, but as I meandered through the book, I was struck by an unexpected poignancy. The first essays, by and large, described breakthroughs that had taken place in the laboratories of Europe. The second half was quite different. Some time in the 1920s, the balance of scientific discovery shifted inexorably to the U.S. A small book of essays held within it proof of a profound historical change.
2 I found myself thinking of that while reading a new book by Martin Jacques2, a British journalist turned academic. Jacques’ tome is called When China Rules the World: The End of the Western World and the Birth of a New Global Order, and his thesis, which he advances with a depth of argument often missing in similar works, is made plain enough by his title. The most likely scenario for the future, Jacques writes, is that “China continues to grow stronger and ultimately emerges over the next half-century, or rather less in many respects, as the world’s leading power.”His book is an examination of how and why that will happen, and what it will mean.
3 Jacques is right that China’s continued development will be one of the forces that shape the century. It is equally true, as he argues, that China will not be just any old superpower. It has its own distinctive combination of attributes: a huge population, a sense of its identity as a civilization as well as a nation state, a long-standing influence on the nations and cultures that border it, and a diaspora that impacts not just its region but the world. China’s habits of governance, Jacques argues, are not those of the Western world; its values (let us say harmony and stability) are not those of the West. The roles of both the state and the extended family as social mechanisms in China differ from those in modern Western societies. All of this, Jacques argues, means that the 21st century will be one of “contested modernities.” Until around 1970, he says, modernity was, with the exception of Japan, “an exclusively Western phenomenon.”But as China assumes a bigger role in global economics and politics, that is changing.
4 I agree with much of this. We have learned in the last 20 years that there are many ways of being modern, and that Western liberal democracy is but one of them. But that little collection of essays on the great equations reminds us that a society’s characteristics today will not necessarily shape what it will look like tomorrow. History rarely runs in straight and predictable lines. At the end of the 19th century, Germany －or perhaps more accurately, Germanic central Europe －was a technological and scientific power-house, its universities nurturing geniuses like Einstein3, Heisenberg4 and Schrodinger5, whose discoveries changed the way we thought of everything. Then came the carnage of World War I, the rise of fascism6, the mass murder of European Jews and the flight of those who could escape it, often to the U.S. All of this contributed to a shift of the center of scientific progress away from Europe. Some aspects of the great European disaster might have been
foreseeable in 1909, but none with any certainty. There are too many futures for them all to be known.
5 This is particularly apposite in the case of China, a country with not only many possible futures, but (as it were) many pasts. There is a crude but commonly held thumbnail sketch of modern Chinese history that goes something like this: Two centuries ago, European powers tried to open a hermetic society to trade; they failed until the Opium Wars7forced the issue; China then entered an era of foreign domination and internal chaos, which ended with the imposition of political stability by the Communist Party in 1949; in 1978, after another round of internal unrest, China chose to modernize its economy and adopted market mechanisms to do so, with astonishing success.
6 This isn’t baloney, but it is hardly the whole story －as you would discover if, instead of being mesmerized by the sight of Pudong, you were to turn around and look at the solid, early 20th century buildings of the Bund, just behind you. Modernity did not come to China because Deng Xiaoping said it should. As Rana Mitter8of Oxford University argues, there had been modernizing streams in Chinese society long before 1978, and had one of them taken a different course, our view of what China represents for the future would be unrecognizable from the standard text.
7 Chinese elites, we often forget, have had economic and cultural links with Europe for 300 years; by the 18th century, the Chinese were producing porcelain for the European market and avidly studying European art and architecture. In particular, says Mitter, the first half of the 20th century －that period when Shanghai was at its peak, but which is routinely dismissed in the thumbnail history －is “really important; the questions about their society that Chinese are asking now are very similar to the ones that they asked in the 1920s and 1930s.”
8 How China develops internally, and how it changes the wider world, will depend on an infinite number of contingencies. A crucially important one, obviously, will be how China and the U.S., the dominant global power, get along. As Barack Obama9 said on July 27, “the relationship between the United States and China will shape the 21st century.”
9 There is a lively debate in both countries as to what that relationship will look like. As Obama said, “Some in China think that America will try to contain China’s ambitions; some in America think that there is something to fear in a rising China.” Part of the difficulty in predicting the future is that China is not the only Asian power with which the U.S has to deal. For decades, Washington is going to have to play a demanding diplomatic game in which it maintains good relations with China, with India, and with its old ally Japan.
10 This will not be easy. Somehow, U.S. diplomats must help convince all three Asian nations that they can rise together, rather than descend into bitter rivalry. Japan will need special attention; its politics are becoming worryingly sclerotic, and it is beginning to feel overshadowed by China. Tokyo may soon need reassurance that Washington still takes the alliance seriously. But for all the difficulties ahead, the accompanying charts should give a glimpse of hope. The U.S. and the three Asian giants are becoming ever more closely interconnected －and not just economically. We have become familiar with the way in which trade flows between China and the U.S. have grown exponentially. But there are now some 70,000 Chinese students at universities in the U.S., and an ever growing number of American business leaders and young people who consider a spell in China an important rite of passage.
11 History, as always, acts as a useful damper on overconfidence. Whole shelves of studies have been written on the mutual familiarity of German and British elites in the decades before World War I －which did nothing to prevent the two nations going at each other like frenzied dogs. The point is simple: China may amaze us today, it could help usher in a period in which more of humankind has more material benefits, enjoyed in peace, than has ever bee n known before. We can only watch, and wonder.
Notes:
1.About the text ― This text is taken from Time, Vol. 174, No. 5, 2009.
Unit 4 Food(饮食)--- A Food Tour of the United States Task 1: Discussion 1.Do you know some information about regional feature of Chinese food and some specialties in each region? 2.Do you know what the features of American food are? Do you know how many distinct regions are there in U.S? What are they? (the Northeast; the South; the Mountain States; the Southwest states; and ?) 3.* Why American food is regional in character? (The U.S has a large area. Each place has their unique geographical and climatic condition, so it produces unique food materials, such as the Northeast which borders sea, river and lake is rich in seafood and the Mountain states produce wild games. The similar rule can also be applied in self-cultivation, running a company and governing a country: to find out our own unique talent, our strength; the more loca/nationall, the more international.) Reading- skill questions about the text: 1.What’s text-type? (narration, description, exposition, or argumentation) 2.What’s th e topic and main idea of the text? (Reading skill: distinguish /obtain main idea and discourse topic quickly and efficiently) Topic: food Main idea: American cooking is regional in character./ one feature of American cooking is variety. 3.Which is the topic sentence in Para.1, sentence 1 or sentence 2? Why? 4.Para2.: guess the meaning of the unfamiliar word “ hearty” in “Mixed in an iron pot and …….” (hearty: [attrib]large; eg. eat a hearty breakfast 丰盛的；have a hearty appetite 胃口很好) Task 2 1.Analyzing different types of reading comprehension questions: Q1: testing skimming skills--- to obtain main idea quickly and efficiently Reading strategy/solution: 文体判断为说明文，顾第一段为重要 Q2-8: testing scanning skills--- to find some key words or phrases; figures, percentages quickly Homework: discussion Why do many people want to go into business for themselves rather than work for an already existing organization? What’s the attraction? To be a manager or leader of a company, what are some of the qualities do you think he or she should have? Reading skill testing: 1．He put his milk in a pouch made from a sheep stomach and set off across the desert. What is the meaning of the word “Pouch”? (C) A. milk B. desert C. a container D. a stomach 2．The movement of his camel, the desert heat, and the chemicals in the pouch made the milk separate into curd and whey. The thick part, or curd , was the first cheese. What is the meaning of the word “curd”? A. the camel B. the thick part of the milk C. desert heat D. milk
英语泛读教程1第三版答案unit1-3 Unit 1 Text: Invented Words A. d B. 1.c 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.d 8.d 9.d 10.b D. 1.a 2.b 3.c 4.a 5.a 6.c 7.b Fast Reading: 1.d 2.a 3.d 4.c 5.b 6.b 7.a 8.c 9.b 10.d 11.d 12.b 13.b 14.a 15.a Home Reading: 1.d 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.c 7.d 8.a 9.d Unit 2 Text: The English Reserve and Politeness A. b B. 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.c 7.c 8.a D. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.a 8.a 9.c Fast Reading: 1.d 2.b 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.b 7.d 8.b 9.d 10.b 11.c 12.d 13.d 14.b 15.d Home Reading: 1.c 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.b 8.b 9.d Unit 3 Text: Bursting the Magic Bubble A. d B. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.a 5.b 6.b 7.d 8.d 9.d 10.c D. 1.b 2.d 3.d 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.b 8.c 9.a 10.a Fast Reading: 1.c 2.b 3.b 4.b 5.a 6.c 7.c 8.d 9.d 10.a 11.c 12.c 13.d 14.a 15.d Home Reading: 1.d 2.b 3.c 4.b 5.d 6.d 7.b 8.d 9.b
英语泛读教程（第2册）参考答案 Unit One Comprehension Points 1.Every year at the same time the stars were in the same place in the sky. 2.They are the planets. 3.He thought that … (Page 2, parag. 12) 4.The idea was that the stars and the sun did not turn around the earth. Instead, it was the earth that was turning. The sun and the stars were not really moving. 5.Because they would upset the whole science of astronomy and cause cruel persecution by the Church. 6.Content/details. https://www.doczj.com/doc/978606145.html,mon. 8.Because radio telescopes find out new stars by picking up radio waves from them. 9.It means the group of stars that our earth is a member of. 10.The implication is that probably by then the earth has already been melted. 11.Every three days it gets very dim. It stays dim for a few hours, then it gets bright again. 12.Because a comet isn’t solid. It is thin like a cloud. Its tail is nothing but glowing gas. And its head is made of small pieces that could not hurt the earth. Exercises I. True or false 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F II. 1.略。 2.Four stages. Childhood, manhood, old age, and the last stage. 3.The very hottest ones are blue. Those not quite so hot are white, and those less hot than the white ones are yellow and red. 4.略。 5.They help sailors to find their way and they help us to tell time. Unit Two Comprehension Points 1.It means to function properly. 2.电气史上最伟大的人物之一迈克尔·法拉第写了一篇报告，介绍了一种叫做gutta percha 的类似橡胶的物质，这种物质是从生在在马来西亚的一种树上提取出来的。 3.It means to bring out of the water on to the land. 4.To lay a cable under the Atlantic. 5.To become weaker. 6.第一个it指的是the telegraph failed，第二个it指的是it ever worked，第三个it指的是 the cable. 7.Because a big ship can’t carry the end of the cable on to the shore, it will get stranded.
Unit 1 I. Reading for information 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C II. Translation 1. 但是只要说上几句话，他的口音就很容易被辨认出来。 2. 他不会轻易发火，有一颗金子般的心，你很少能从他的嘴里听到攻击和批评别人的话。 3. 常言道：善行胜于善言。父亲的身教对我的影响远远超过了他的言传。 4. 面对生活的沧桑，大布鲁诺怎么能不提高嗓门，怎么能保持心气平和？难道力气这么大的人不该脾气也大吗？ 5. 体育明星和歌星|、影星的确能够鼓舞人心，但是“英雄”这个头衔还是应该留给像我父亲 那样，为了自己所爱的人孜孜不卷地工作的人。 III. Summary 1.hard work, pays off 2.Big Bruno, strong in stature, a gentle spirit 3.most patient, slow to get angry, a heart of gold, a lot of friends 4. a role model, a true friend, a treasure 5.hero, does good, loves everyone, doesn’t expect anything, in return, work tirelessly, the good race I. Skimming question 1 A II. Skimming question 2 A teacher should … 1. be pleasant live and attractive 2. have a genuine capacity for sympathy 3. be both intellectually and morally honest 4. be mentally alert 5. be capable of infinite patience 6. have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning III. Scanning question 1 4
大学英语泛读教程第一册参考答案 （高等教育出版社，2010年3月版） Unit 1 Chapter 1 A family sees America Together (P. 2—17) G. Blank Filling (P 11) 1. describing 2. journal 3. sign 4. websites 5. miss H. Translation (P. 12) 1. By using computers and the Internet 2. if we are friendly and helpful to others 3. learn about our country and (our) people 4. enjoyed his trip in Europe 5. on the day that/when they left Chapter two F. Word forms (p. 27) 1. a. solves (v.) b. solutions (n.) 2. a. education (n.) b. educate (v. ) 3. a. locate (v.) b. locations (n.) 4. a. construction (n.) b. construct (v.) 5. a. organization (n.) b. organizes (v.) G. Blank Filling (p. 28) 1. habitat 2. community 3. endangered 4. solution 5. For instance
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】 Unit 1 University Student Life Section A Word Pretest 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. B Reading Comprehension l. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. F Vocabulary Building Word Match rationally in a way based on reason rather than emotions established accepted; recognized various different panic sudden fear consolidate strengthen assignment homework biological of living things flexible not fixed strenuous stressful; requiring effort and energy master overall recreation way of spending free time estimate calculate roughly routine regular; usual priority first concern relaxation rest 1. flexible 2. established 3. panic 4. strenuous 5. priority 6. routine 7. Rationally 8. recreations Suffix
Keys to Reading Course 2 Unit 1 Reading Section A Word Pretest 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C Reading Comprehension 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.C Vocabulary Building Word Search 1. assignment 2. irony 3. reverse 4. accomplish 5. assemble 6. squeeze 7. sensual 8. fragment 9. narcotic 10. adolescence Use of English 1. Bob agreed to take on the leadership of the expedition. 2. The world was taken in by his fantastic story of having got to the Pole alone. 3. He took up his story after a pause for questions and refreshments. 4. That takes me back to the time I climbed to the top of Mount Fuji. 5. The members of the party took it in turns to steer the boat. 6. They took it for granted that someone would pick up their signals and come to their aid. Stems 1. proclaim: to announce officially and publicly; to declare 2. percentage: a proportion or share in relation to a whole; a part 3. confirm: to support or establish the certainty or validity of; to verify 4. affirm: to declare positively or firmly; to maintain to be true 5. centigram: a metric unit of mass equal to one hundredth of a gram 6. exclaim: to express or utter(something) suddenly or vehemently Synonyms 1. adaptability 2. purpose 3.strained 4.hold 5.defeat Cloze important second France student bilingual monolingual serious means use difficult Section B 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.T 11.T 12.F 13.F 14.T 15.T Section C 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.F 10.F
Unit 1 University Student Life Section A Word Pretest 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A 8. B Reading Comprehension l. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. F Vocabulary Building Word Match rationally in a way based on reason rather than emotions established accepted; recognized various different panic sudden fear consolidate strengthen assignment homework biological of living things flexible not fixed
strenuous stressful; requiring effort and energy master overall recreation way of spending free time estimate calculate roughly routine regular; usual priority first concern relaxation rest 1. flexible 2. established 3. panic 4. strenuous 5. priority 6. routine 7. Rationally 8. recreations Suffix 1. familiarize 2. visualize 3. merely 4. idealize 5. finalize 6. necessarily 7. physically 8. highly Cloze favorable their respected professors authority role expect need several changes Sec tion B
K e y s t o R e a d i n g C o u r s e2 Unit 1 Reading Section A Word Pretest Reading Comprehension Vocabulary Building Word Search 1. assignment 2. irony 3. reverse 4. accomplish 5. assemble 6. squeeze 7. sensual 8. fragment 9. narcotic 10. adolescence Use of English 1Bob agreed to take on the leadership of the expedition. 2The world was taken in by his fantastic story of having got to the Pole alone. 3He took up his story after a pause for questions and refreshments. 4That takes me back to the time I climbed to the top of Mount Fuji. 5The members of the party took it in turns to steer the boat. 6They took it for granted that someone would pick up their signals and come to their aid. Stems 7proclaim: to announce officially and publicly; to declare 8percentage: a proportion or share in relation to a whole; a part 9confirm: to support or establish the certainty or validity of; to verify 10affirm: to declare positively or firmly; to maintain to be true 11centigram: a metric unit of mass equal to one hundredth of a gram 12exclaim: to express or utter(something) suddenly or vehemently Synonyms 1. adaptability 2. purpose Cloze important second France student bilingual monolingual serious means use difficult Section B Section C Unit 2 Music Section A Word Pretest 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. B Reading comprehension
《全新版大学英语阅读教程》(通用本)1-2册课后练习答案 UNIT ONE 1.Goodbye school Key to the Exercises I 1. B 2. D 3. D 4 D 5. C 6. A II 1. fling 2. supercilious 3. zoom 4. trudge 5. hoist Key to the Reading-skill Exercises Paragraph 1: 1. B 2. D paragraph 2 1. D 2. A 2.The Saturday Evening Post Information Related to the Text Key to the Exercises I. 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C II . 1. She wants him to make something of himself and have an early start to his career . 2. He was afraid of the dogs that snarled behind the doors of potential buyers . He was timid about ringing the doorbells of strangers , relieved when no one came to the door , and scared when someone did , and could not deliver an engaging sales pitch . 3. The battle to make him different from his father . 4. The well-written composition he wrote about his summer vacation . 5. Writers didn't have to have any gumption at all . 3. Love The Neighbor Key to the Exercises I . 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F II. 1.在我看来,美国的邻里关系正在变得不再融洽. 2.《圣经》里的戒律"热爱你的邻居"大概是一句拙劣的译文,它的本义必定是"尊敬你的邻居." 3.邻居开始共同做的唯一的一件事是相互接近,只有进一步发展关系,才有足够的理由成为最 好的朋友. 4.横跨在你们之间的车道,篱笆或栅栏并不真地就是一道冷漠的屏障,它们只不过是一条清晰 的分界线. 5.邻里较之社区更容易使人产生怀旧情绪,但社区也许是一个更好的构成单位. UNIT TWO 4.Making Friends in American Culture Key to the Exercises I. 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D II. 1. Because there is a language barrier , many Chinese are hesitant to speak with strangers and they don't know what to talk to American about or how to keep the conversation moving . 2. His class and major . 3. These questions help people participate in the conversation . 4. When the other person first gives his name himself . 5. Communication . Key to the reading-skill Exercises Paragraph 1 : 1. C 2. A
to Exercises Key to Exercises Lesson1 https://www.doczj.com/doc/978606145.html,prehension Check 1.C 2.B 5.A 6.C7.B8.B 3.(1)shield(2)playing(3)shield(4)personal(5)social (6)political(7)family(8)colleagues(9)stimulate 4.(1)blackboard(2)unconscious(3)time (4)ancestors(5)parents(6)reinvent B.Reading Strategies 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B10.A Lesson2 https://www.doczj.com/doc/978606145.html,prehension Check 1.A 3.C 4.B 5.A7.C8.B 2.(1)defines(2)failures(3)successful(4)beliefs 6.(1)picture(2)performing(3)replace(4)self-image (5)line(6)potential(7)short-change(8)better B.Reading Strategies 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.C10.A Lesson3 https://www.doczj.com/doc/978606145.html,prehension Check 1.C 2.A 3.B 5.A 6.B7.B8.A 4.(1)cultivate(2)granted(3)investigate(4)explore (5)major(6)exploration B.Reading Strategies 1.normalized 2.membership 3.threatening 4.publication 5.novelists 6.persuasion 7.personality 8.pressure 9.reluctance10.justify Lesson4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/978606145.html,prehension Check 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 1.(1)crush(2)Brazil(3)intelligent(4)knockout B.Reading Strategies 1.distinguishable 2.psychological 3.effective 4.insistent 5.various 6.skinny 7.delightful 8.gloriously 9.financial10.amazing
阅读教程答案 U1 Page 4 I. Reading for information 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C II. Translation 1. 但是只要说上几句话，他的口音就很容易被辨认出来。但是只要说上几句话，他的口音就很容易被辨认出来。 2. 他不会轻易发火，一有一颗金子般的心，你很少能从他嘴他不会轻易发火，一有一颗金子般的心，里听到攻击或批评别人的话。里听到攻击或批评别人的话。 3. 常言道，善行胜于善言。父亲的身教对我的影响远远超过常言道，善行胜于善言。了他的言传。了他的言传。 4. 面对生活的沧桑，大布鲁诺怎么能不提高嗓门，怎么能保面对生活的沧桑，大布鲁诺怎么能不提高嗓门，持心气平
和？难道力气大的人不该脾气也大吗？ 持心气平和？难道力气大的人不该脾气也大吗？ 5. 体育明星和歌星、影星的确能够鼓舞人心，但是“英雄” 体育明星和歌星、影星的确能够鼓舞人心，但是“英雄” 鼓舞人心这个头衔还是应该留给像我父亲 那样，为了自己所爱的人这个头衔还是应该留给像我父亲那样，孜孜不倦的工作的人。孜孜不倦的工作的人。 III. Summary 1. hard work; pays off 2. Big Bruno; strong in stature; a gentle spirit 3. most patient; slow to get angry; a heart of gold; a lot of friends 4. a role model; a true friend; a treasure 5. hero; does good; loves everyone; doesn’t expect anything; in return; work tirelessly; the good race Page 8 Question: A Page 10 III: 4
《英语阅读》（1）练习答案1-10 Unit 1 University Student Life Section A Word Pretest DBBC DDAB Reading Comprehension FTFT FFTF Vocabulary Building Word Match rationally in a way based on reason rather than emotion established accepted; recognized various different panic sudden fear consolidate strengthen assignment homework biological of living things flexible not fixed strenuous stressful; requiring effort and energy master overall recreation way of spending free time estimate calculate roughly routine regular; usual priority first concern relaxation rest flexible established panic strenuous
priority routine Rationally recreations Suffix familiarize visualize merely idealize finalize necessarily physically highly Cloze favorable their respected professors authority role expect need several changes Section B DCCB CBDD Section C DABD CBCA Unit 2 Culture Shock Section A Word Pretest CADC CBAD Reading Comprehension CDD DDC Vocabulary Building Word Match exaggerate say more than the truth about something slang nonstandard vocabulary adapt make or become suitable insecure weak; uncertain; unprotected distinct different; separate
新交际英语阅读教程 1 课后练习参考答案 Unit 1 Part B Language Focus 1 1. kernel 2. charismatic 3. filtering 4. impeccable 5. perception 6. acquaintanceship 7. primitive 8. demeanor 9. implication 10. inconsequential 11. subdued 12. rapport 2 1.send…down the right path 2.dated back to 3.win half of the battle 4.a step further 5.a key to 6.jump to conclusion 7.on the basis of 8.in his favor 9.in an instant 10.tip the scales 3 1.intelligence 2.orientation 3.animated 4.sophisticated 5.attired 6.depiction 7.suspension 8.intimacy 4 1.initial: 1) happening at the beginning of a process, or when you first see or hear something 2) the first letter of someone’s name 2. fair: 1) used for emphasizing that an amount, size, number, etc. is large 2) reasonable 3. thrive: 1)being prosperous or successful 2)to become successful or happy in a particular situation 4. clue: 1) an object or fact that someone discovers that helps them solve a crime or mystery 2) to provide someone with information about someone or something 5. compliment: 1) something nice that you say to praise someone 2) used to greeting someone, or giving them your good wishes 5 1.First impressions are made in a moment but they are the most lasting. 2.Today in the complex business world, people still depend on their primitive instincts to communicate with each other. 3. A handshake made people get closer to each other temporarily. 4.The knights were carefully touch each other’s clasp to make sure there were no weapons hidden the sleeves. 5.Offering a compliment about something one wears could express your kindness and thus
《全新版大学英语阅读教程》（通用本）1册课后练习答案 UNIT ONE 1.Goodbye school Key to the Exercises I 1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.A II 1.fling 2.supercilious 3.zoom 4.trudge 5.hoist Key to the Reading-skill Exercises Paragraph 1: 1.B 2.D Paragraph 2 1.D 2.A 2.The Saturday Evening Post Key to the Exercises I. 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.C II. 1. She wants him to make something of himself and have an early start to his career. 2. He was afraid of the dogs that snarled behind the doors of potential buyers. He was timid about ringing the doorbells of strangers, relieved when no one came to the door, and scared when someone did, and could not deliver an engaging sales pitch. 3. The battle to make him different from his father. 4. The well-written composition he wrote about his summer vacation. 5. Writers didn’t h ave to have any gumption at all. 3. Love Thy Neighbor Key to the Exercises I. 1. T 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.T 6.F II. 1.在我看来，美国的邻里关系正在变得不再融洽。 2．《圣经》里的戒律“热爱你的邻居”大概是一句拙劣的译文，它的本义必定是“尊敬你的邻居。” 3．邻居开始共同做的唯一的一件事是相互接近，只有进一步发展关系，才有足够的理由成为最好的朋友。 4．横跨在你们之间的车道，篱笆或栅栏并不真地就是一道冷漠的屏障，它们只不过是一条清晰的分界线。 5．邻里较之社区更容易使人产生怀旧情绪，但社区也许是一个更好的构成单位。