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GUIDED WRITING
I The following sentences are in scrambled order. Some of them have to be combined by the connectives listed below. Combine those sentences first. Then arrange all the sentences in good orders so that they go together to form a paragraph.
1. So, in my opinion, among the four necessities, transportation is the big problem for every one of us at present.
2. According to the Chinese, there are four necessities.
The four necessities are requisites for human life.
The four necessities are clothing, food, shelter and transportation.
3. Shelter used to be a problem.
It has become much improved in the meantime.
4. The elderly desire that there are fewer bicycles ,fewer motorcycles, and fewer cars bustling about.
5. The first three are more or less resolved.
6. The big problem now seems to be transportation for the government officials.
The big problem now seems to be transportation for the people.
7. The executives hope for something.
Their cars are not held up in the traffic for too long.
8. Indeed, we are now at a stage.
We are comfortably clothed.
The attention of some of us has even turned to the fashion of our clothing.
9. The working people wish for buses. The buses are not too crowed.
10.As for food, we have edibles galore to satisfy our appetite.
11.The cyclists yearn for something.
The cyclists are not pushed about by motor cyclists.
Connectives: which, where, but, that, both…and…
II Put the following sentences into the proper order to form a note making arrangements. Work in groups of two or three.
5 August,20___
Dear Dr. Baker,
Thank you.
A car will be sent to bring you to the university at 1:30 p.m.
As previously arranged, you are invited to deliver a lecture on humanism at our university sometime in August.
Your lecture is now scheduled for Monday ,14 August, at the University Auditorium.
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Mary Cooper
INTERACTION ACTIVITIES
My Suggestions for the Teaching Reforms in Our Department
Lots of educational institutions are seriously considering reforms and some of them have already brought about reforms in one way or another. Your university / college / institute is surely no exception. What part should students play in the educational reform? Have you ever thought of this problem? Perhaps it is too complicated a problem for you to cope with. But at least you can make some suggestions to your Department on the teaching reform. In the following grid there are some topics concerning teaching on which you may give your views and make suggestions. Fill in the grid truthfully.
My Views about English Teaching and My Suggestion
My views
My suggestion
Curricula
Timetable
Textbooks
Teaching method
Now exchange opinions with your partner and discuss what specific suggestions you two can make and present to the Department. Write down the suggestions in the following grid.
Our Suggestions to the Department on the Teaching Reform
1.
2.
3.
4.
Now combine with two other pairs and have a group discussion. Sort out the more important issues first and concentrate on two problems only. After the group discussion, have a whole class discussion. Decide on some feasible reforms and give your suggestions to the Department as a class.
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NOTES
1. I’ve been feeling a bit off colour –l’ ve been feeling a bit unwell
2. Why don't you change your mind and come with me?--This is a question in form, but the speaker is not really asking for information, rather, she is making a suggestion.
3. Ouch, my toes! - Can you think of the situation under which Stanley says this?
4. the Alumni Dinner-Alumni is American English.lt is the plural form of alumnus, which
means:"a male former student of a school, college, or university″. A female former student is called an alumna, the plural form of which is alumnae. However, alumni stands for both men and women.
5. she advised him to take a holiday she suggested that he should - Reporting verbs are many and varied It is advisable to use different verbs to report others' words in different contexts When you report someone's words, first of all try to understand what is being said by him / her. Ask yourself, "Is it a piece of advice? Or is it an explanation? Or a suggestion? Or an apology? etc." Then choose the proper reporting verb to report what is said by him / her
6. the dynamic pulse -----生机勃勃的节奏
7. takes priority- comes first; is regarded as more important than other things
8. dedicated-very interested in and working hard for a cause有献身精神的
9. in-service teacher training- training teachers who are teaching在职师资培训
10. prospective teachers- those who will be teachers. Prospective means "expected or likely to be", e.g., prospective engineers, a prospective job.
11. have their say- express their opinions; state their views
12. the traditional spoon-feeding method of teaching ----传统的填鸭式教学方法
13. at their own disposal - to be used as they wish
14. be tied down to their full timetable - not feel free to do what they want to do because of the full timetable Tie down means "limit the freedom of" Examples, She is tied down to household chores
15. The Author of this article is Max Rafferty，American educationist and writer. He was born in New Orleans and received his undergraduate education at the University of California, Los Angeles He earned the degree of Doctor of Education from the University of Southern California (1955) In 1963, he became Superintendent of Public Instruction of the stage of California. Among his books are Suffer, little Children (1962) What They Are Doing to Your Children (1964) and A Handbook of Educational Administration (1975) In 1971, Dt. Rafferty became dean of the School of Education at Troy State University.
16. Minerva′goddess of wisdom - The Roman goddess of wisdom and the arts, identified with the Greek Athena Probably of Etruscan origin′she was worshiped in various parts
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of ancient Rome，most notably with Jupiter and Juno in the great Capitoline temple. Her temple on the Aventine Hill was a meeting place for skilled artisans, actors, and writers.
17. she offered him the answer to one question, with no strings attached. - She offered him a chance to ask whatever question he liked. with no strings attached - with no special conditions or restrictions
18. quipped his Olympian visitant briskly - the goddess made a quick and clever remark Here "his Olympian visitant" refers to Minerva, goddess of wisdom, who visited the philosopher in his dream one night.
19. The very search for it, though, cannot but ennoble those who spend their lives in such a quest. – However, it’s the arduous process of searching for truth that makes those people who devote all their lives to pursuing it more dignified and honorable cannot but–(formal) one will
certainly; one can only.
20. Education focuses the accumulated wisdom of the past upon the vexing problems of the present in order to make possible better future. –With education, we are armed with wisdom of our ancestors to solve the present difficulties so that we may have a better future.
21. The old saw is especially pertinent for present-day America.–The old saying is, to a particularly great extent, relevant to current America
22. the be-all and the end-all --(infml) the most important part; all that matters
23. Of late - lately; recently
24. blind alley - alley that is closed at one end; cul-de-sac 死胡同(figurative) a course of action which may seem promising at first but has no satisfactory result in the end
25. "group counseling" –Group counseling is a form of therapy, which believes that people benefit from shared experiences. While a therapist usually manages group counseling, contributions from other members in the group are considered valuable since all in the group share similar issues. One of the main principals behind group counseling is the idea that dealing with specific issues may cause isolation. Group counseling attempts to counteract this isolation by assembling people with similar issues to enforce that difficulties are not singular to one person Additionally, Knowing other people with similar troubles can be comforting to each individual, who may not have access in their own family and friends to people with the same problem
26. opt for - to make a choice, esp. for one thing or possibility in preference to any others
27. Uncle Sam - (informal 口) Uncle Sam is a common national personification of the American government originally used during the war of 1812. He is depicted as a stern elderly man with white hair and a goatee beard Typically he is dressed in clothing that recalls the design elements of the flag of the United States - for example, a top hat with red and white stripes and white stars on a blue band, and red and white striped trousers
28. goes down the drain - (informal 口) is totally wasted or spoilt
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29. put the heat on-exert pressure on
30. it's never been easier to cheat- it's easier to cheat now than ever before
31. no big deal - not important or serious
32. honor codes - An honor code or honor system is a set of rules or principles governing a community. The use of an honor code depends on the idea that people can be trusted to act honorably. Those who are in violation of the honor code can be subject to various sanctions, including expulsion from the institution. Honor codes are most commonly used in the United States to deter academic dishonesty
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LANGUAGE STRUCTURE
1.I've got two books the deal with music，both of which I like very much.
2.Cathy is the only student （that）I know who can really play chess.
Is there anything else（that）you'd like to buy that you don't see on the shelves
?
3.The 10:30 train is the fastest train（that）there is to Beijing
.
4.Zhao Ren can speak English very fluently，which is hard to believe.
Cues:
Two Three Four Several
Books about
Music Rock–gardening Skiing Symphony orchestras
I like one/both/all/some of them All of them are useful/boring/worth reading Neither/none of them is useful/boring/worth reading
A: __
B:Not really very much，but I do like to read books about it.
A: __
B:Yes , I’ve got two, both of which I like very much.
A.Cues:
Cathy Hill
the student
I know
can really play chess
David Jackson
the singer
You told me about
has a large collection
Eliza Keller
the architect
I was introduced to do
of rare stamps
语料库相关资源 David Lee语料库研究书签 Bookmarks for Corpus-based Linguists (David Lee) https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,.au/~dlee/CBLLinks.htm (https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/corpora) 常用语料库资源链接汇集（语料天涯） https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/corpus/ 互动平台 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/forum/ 入门读物 专著 梁茂成、李文中、许家金，2010，《语料库应用教程》。北京：外语教学与研究出版社。Hunston, Susan. 2002. Corpora in Applied Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge. University Press. （世界图书出版社引进） Kennedy, Graeme. 1998. An Introduction to Corpus Linguistics. London: Longman. （外研社引进） 期刊论文 中国期刊网 EBSCO英文期刊数据库 书店可以买到的语料库相关书籍 Aijmer, K. & B. Altenberg (Eds.). 2004. Advances in Corpus Linguistics. Papers from the 23rd International Conference on English Language Research on Computerized Corpora (ICAME 23). Amsterdam: Rodopi. （世界图书出版社引进） Austermühl, F. 2001. Electronic Tools for Translators《译者的电子工具》. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing. （外研社引进） Biber, Douglas, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad & Edward Finegan. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Longman Publications Group. （外研社引进） Biber, Douglas, Susan Conrad & Randi Reppen. 1998. Corpus Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. （外研社引进） Connor, U & T. Upton (Eds.). 2004. Applied Corpus Linguistics: A Multidimensional Perspective. Amsterdam: Rodopi. （世界图书出版社引进）
英语语料库#参考 2012-03-02 22:29:26 ■BNC=The British National Corpus英国国家语料库 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/（备用） https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/bnc/ ■ANC = The American National Corpus美国国家语料库 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/ ■COCA = Corpus of Contemporary American English 美国当代英语语料库 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/ ■COHA = Corpus of Historical American English 美国近当代英语语料库 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/coha/ ■BOE=Bank of English 柯林斯英语语料库 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/wordbanks/ ■NMC=New Model Corpus 新规范语料库 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/ ■ARC=ACL Anthology Reference Corpus (ARC) 文选参考语料库 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/auth/preloaded_corpus/aclarc/ske/first_form ■BAWE=British Academic Written Eng Corpus (BAWE) 英国学术书面语语料库 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/auth/preloaded_corpus/bawe2/ske/first_form https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/AcaDepts/ll/app_ling/internal/bawe/sketch_engine_bawe.htm download ■BASE= British Academic Spoken English Corpus (BASE) 英国学术口语语料库 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/fac/soc/celte/research/base/ ■SCTS=Scottish Corpus Of Texts and Speech苏格兰口语与书面语语料库 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/ ■SCTS=Corpus Of Modern Scottish Writing 当代苏格兰语实库 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/cmsw/ Slang https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/ (American, English, and Urban slang) https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/slang/ (UK) https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/cybereng/slang/ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/
在美国当代英语语料库（COCA）如何查词.doc 在美国当代英语语料库(COCA)如何查词 摘要:美国当代英语语料库(Corpus of Contemporary American English，COCA)由美国Brigham Young University 的Mark Davies教授开发，目前单词容 量在4.5亿，是美国当前最新的当代英语语料库，也是当今世界上最大的英语平衡语料库。该语料库的语料来自1990-2012年，每年更新，检索功能强大，是最佳的英语学习助手。本文以sorry为例介绍了如何在美国当代英语语料库中查询单词及对单词sorry的检查与研究结果。 关键词:美国当代英语语料库，平衡语料库，sorry Abstract: The Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) is the largest freely-available corpus of English，and the only large and balanced corpus of American English.The corpus was created by Mark avies of Brigham Young University，and it is used by tens of thousands of sers every month (linguists，teachers，translators，and other searchers).COCA is also related to other large corpora that we have created. The corpus contains more than 450 million words of text and is qually divided among spoken，fiction，popular magazines，newspapers，and academic texts.It includes 20 million words each year from 1990-2012. Key words: the Corpus of Contemporary American English，parallel corpus，sorry 中图分类号:H319.3文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-026X(2013)12-0000-02 一、引论
可以免费使用的大型英语语料库资源 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/time/ http://www.lextutor.ca/concordancers/concord_e.html 常用语料库资源链接汇集（语料天涯） http://202.204.128.82/sweccl/Corpus/ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/netprints/Corporalink/Corporalink.htm 1. BNC-World Simple Search ☆☆☆ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/lookup.html But no more than 50 hits will be displayed, with a fixed amount of context. 2. Brown, LOB, BNC sampler ☆☆☆ Here are a few links for searching corpora online, including monolingual corpora like Brown, LOB, and BNC sampler and also some parallel English-Chinese corpora. English: https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/concordance/WWWConcappE.htm English: http://www.lextutor.ca/concordancers/concord_e.html Parallel: https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/concordance/paralleltexts/ 3. Collins Cobuild Corpus Concordance Sampler☆☆☆☆☆ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/Corpus/CorpusSearch.aspx The Collins WordbanksOnline English corpus is composed of 56 million words of contemporary written and spoken text. 4. New BNC interface - VIEW: ☆☆☆☆☆ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/ 5. Samples (about 2 million words) from the British National Corpus: both written and spoken ☆☆☆ The Brown Corpus and many others - native, learner... Go to http://www.lextutor.ca/concordancers/concord_e.html 6. MICASE ☆☆☆☆ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/m/micase/ There are currently 152 transcripts (totaling 1,848,364 words) available at the site. 7. CLEC online concordancing ☆☆☆☆ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/corpus/EngSearchEngine.aspx CLEC收集了包括中学生、大学英语4级和6级、专业英语低年级和高年级在内的5种学生的语料一百多万词，并对言语失误进行标注。For an introduction of the corpus, its error tagset and some statistics, see https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/baseinfo/achievement/Achievement1.htm 8. Business Letter Corpus Online KWIC Concordancer ☆☆☆
论自建小型学习者语料库的方法及作用 ——以自建中学生英语写作语料库为例 曹鹤 北京市第三十一中 摘要: 大型语料库的出现和发展在研究语言的用法、翻译、教学、教材编写以及词典编撰等方面起着重要作用，但对于处于一线从事基础教育的外语教师而言，针对性和使用性不强。本文以自己建立小型基础英语教学中中学生写作语料库为例介绍了小型学习者语料库建设的可行性、方法和应用，借以提倡广大一线从事基础教育的教师利用高科技所带来的成果，武装和丰富自己，让自己的教学科学化、客观化。 关键词：小型学习者语料库；英语写作；基础教育 自20世纪60年代至今，语料库从萌芽阶段已经发展到广泛应用于语言研究的各个方面，如：词典编撰、语言学研究、教材编写、翻译、语言教学等等。同时，计算机技术的高速发展使语料库(Corpus)在过去的50多年来也得到了长足的发展，突出表现就是大型语料库的出现。大型语料库为语言研究提供了可靠的信息，但正因为其包罗万象、内容泛泛，在辅助基础教学研究等方面缺乏针对性，实用性不强。作者认为广大英语教师可以根据自己的实际需要建设小型学习者语料库，开展有针对性地研究，并将其应用到教学中。本文以建立中学生写作语料库为例介绍建设小型学习者语料库的方法、以及如何使用小型语料库等方面做主要论述，向基础英语教师展示如何运用这一新技术来辅助英语写作教学。 一、语料库简介 建设语料库之前，我们应首先明白什么是语料库。语料库并不复杂，它通常指为语言研究收集的、用电子形式保存的语言材料，由自然出现的书面语或口语的样本汇集而成，用来代表特定的语言或语言变体（杨惠中，2004）。语料库可以帮助人们观察和把握语言事实，分析和研究语言系统的规律。从语料库语言学的发展历程可以看出，语料库的用途主要体现在对语言现象以及语言本质的研究，如语言统计、词典编撰、词汇搭配和自然语言处理等方面（顾曰国，1988）。现在语料库也开始逐渐应用到语言教学研究中。根据邢富坤(2006)的统计，国内基于语料库的教学研究的数量越来越大，将语料库应用于外语教学的趋势也越来越明显。
文章编号:2095-0365(2011)01-0097-05 基于美国当代英语语料库的 词汇典型搭配教学 王健燕 (桂林理工大学外国语学院,广西 桂林 541004) 摘 要:词汇教学是语言教学的基础,而词汇的真实意义和用法需要通过其典型搭配得以揭示。在语言课堂内,教师可以充分利用美国当代英语语料库典型搭配检索功能来开展词汇 教学活动,帮助指导学习者掌握词汇的语境意义,从而在语言产出方面最大程度接近本族语者的语言使用标准。 关键词:美国当代英语语料库;典型搭配;词汇教学 中图分类号:G 633;H 319 文献标识码:A 一、典型搭配与词汇教学 词汇是任何语言体系的核心基础,能否准确恰当地使用词汇是作为衡量英语学习者语言产出能力的重要尺度之一。有实证研究显示:词汇知识和词汇能力是其它语言能力得以发展的前提,词汇学习应处于语言学习的中心地位,作用最为关键[1] 。针对词汇教学,不少学者明确指出了搭配(collo catio n)的重要意义 如果学习者能够掌握大量的词汇搭配,那么在语言交际中就能将其作为预制模块,而不需要每次都对词语进行重新组合。 搭配(co llocation)一词最早由英国语言学家Firth 在1969年确立,然而在此之前他就曾经提到过 可以通过与之搭配的词而知晓一个词的意义 [2]。词与词之间有些搭配是比较典型的,比如financial burden 而非econom ic burden,com mit 总和m urder,suicide 等词连用,这一类典型搭配(typical collocatio ns)是在长期的语言习惯基础上逐步固定下来的,成为构成词汇意义的一种重要方式和手段。换一句话说,典型的词汇搭配可以从搭配的概率及共现频率方面来确定,词汇搭 配的典型性取决于搭配的概率属性。一般而言,词汇搭配按组合自由度的高低可以分为自由搭配(free collo catio ns )、半受限制的搭配(sem-i re -stricted collo catio ns)和受限制的搭配(r estr icted co llocations,例如成语hit the sack)三种类型,而中间一类,即半受限制的搭配给学习者造成的困难最大,因为学习者可创造很多的组合,而这些组合往往受到母语的影响,学习者很可能自我创造出不恰当的组合,从而造成交际障碍[3]。 国外学者普遍认为,语言知识的获得和语言能力的提高是通过扩大学生的词块、提高词汇搭配能力和有效地掌握最基本词汇和语言结构而实现的。国内研究者对于词汇的典型搭配也提出过类似的见解: 选择和使用典型的词语搭配是区别本族语者自然流利的语言输出和非本族语者标记语言的重要特征 [4]。而段士平的实证研究则揭示出学生在词汇习得过程中, 词汇组块 策略运用偏低,搭配知识掌握不足,导致词汇深度习得中出现 高原现象 ,产出性词汇滞后于接受性词汇,学生产出能力低下[5]。因此,典型搭配教学应当作为词汇教学的一部分,掌握词汇的典型搭配,可以帮助学习者在语言交流中提取这些预置词语 收稿日期:2010-10-11 作者简介:王健燕(1980-),女,讲师,研究方向:英语教育教学。 第5卷 第1期 石家庄铁道大学学报(社会科学版) V ol.5 N o.12011年3月 JOU RNA L OF SHIJIAZHU ANG T IEDAO U NIV ERSIT Y(SOCIA L SCIENCE) M ar.2011
*145 GUIDED WRITING I The following sentences are in scrambled order. Some of them have to be combined by the connectives listed below. Combine those sentences first. Then arrange all the sentences in good orders so that they go together to form a paragraph. 1. So, in my opinion, among the four necessities, transportation is the big problem for every one of us at present. 2. According to the Chinese, there are four necessities. The four necessities are requisites for human life. The four necessities are clothing, food, shelter and transportation. 3. Shelter used to be a problem. It has become much improved in the meantime. 4. The elderly desire that there are fewer bicycles ,fewer motorcycles, and fewer cars bustling about. 5. The first three are more or less resolved. 6. The big problem now seems to be transportation for the government officials. The big problem now seems to be transportation for the people. 7. The executives hope for something. Their cars are not held up in the traffic for too long. 8. Indeed, we are now at a stage. We are comfortably clothed. The attention of some of us has even turned to the fashion of our clothing. 9. The working people wish for buses. The buses are not too crowed. 10.As for food, we have edibles galore to satisfy our appetite. 11.The cyclists yearn for something. The cyclists are not pushed about by motor cyclists. Connectives: which, where, but, that, both…and… II Put the following sentences into the proper order to form a note making arrangements. Work in groups of two or three. 5 August,20___ Dear Dr. Baker, Thank you. A car will be sent to bring you to the university at 1:30 p.m. As previously arranged, you are invited to deliver a lecture on humanism at our university sometime in August. Your lecture is now scheduled for Monday ,14 August, at the University Auditorium.
可以免费使用的大型英语语料库资源 常用语料库资源链接汇集（语料天涯） http://202.204.128.82/sweccl/Corpus/ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/netprints/Corporalink/Corporalink.htm 1. BNC-World Simple Search ☆☆☆ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/lookup.html But no more than 50 hits will be displayed, with a fixed amount of context. 2. Brown, LOB, BNC sampler ☆☆☆ Here are a few links for searching corpora online, including monolingual corpora like Brown, LOB, and BNC sampler and also some parallel English-Chinese corpora. English: https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/concordance/WWWConcappE.htm English: http://www.lextutor.ca/concordancers/concord_e.html Parallel: https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/concordance/paralleltexts/ 3. Collins Cobuild Corpus Concordance Sampler☆☆☆☆☆ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/Corpus/CorpusSearch.aspx The Collins WordbanksOnline English corpus is composed of 56 million words of contemporary written and spoken text. 4. New BNC interface - VIEW: ☆☆☆☆☆ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/ 5. Samples (about 2 million words) from the British National Corpus: both written and spoken ☆☆☆ The Brown Corpus and many others - native, learner... Go to http://www.lextutor.ca/concordancers/concord_e.html 6. MICASE ☆☆☆☆ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/m/micase/ There are currently 152 transcripts (totaling 1,848,364 words) available at the site. 7. CLEC online concordancing ☆☆☆☆ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/corpus/EngSearchEngine.aspx CLEC收集了包括中学生、大学英语4级和6级、专业英语低年级和高年级在内的5种学生的语料一百多万词，并对言语失误进行标注。For an introduction of the corpus, its error tagset and some statistics, see https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/baseinfo/achievement/Achievement1.htm 8. Business Letter Corpus Online KWIC Concordancer ☆☆☆
中国英语学习者语料库 CLEC收集了包括中学生、大学英语4级和6级、专业英语低年级和高年级在内的5种学生的语料一百多万词，并对言语失误进行标注。其目的就是观察各类学生的英语特征和言语失误的情况，希望通过定量和定性的方法对中国学习者英语作出较为精确的描写，为我国学生的英语教学提供有用的反馈信息。 表1 CLEC语料分布 类型词次 ST2 208088 ST3 209043 ST4 212855 ST5 214510 ST6 226106 总计1070602 言语失误标注原则 1.简单合理，易于系统操作。参与标注的人比较多，分类表过于繁复，就 难于掌握。我们采取两级分类，第一级有11类：词形（fm）、动词短语（vp）、名词短语（np）、代词（pr）、形容词短语（aj）、副词（ad）、介词短语（pp）、连词（cj）、词汇（wd）、搭配（cc）、句子（sn）。每一类里再用数目字细分。如[cc]为词语搭配不当，[cc1]表示名词和名词的搭配，[cc2]表示名词和动词的搭配，[cc3]表示动词和名词的搭配，等等。 2.分类表的类别要适中。过粗容易统一，但信息太少，不利于分析学习者 的失误/过细难以统一，容易把同一种失误归到不同类别。目前我们采取的办法是对常见的失误从细（如vp和np都有9小类），对少见的失误从粗（如cj只有两小类）。现在的分类表有61个失误码，是属于中等规模的分类表。 提供足够的失误信息（失误本身、失误类型和失误发生范围）。例如In the past, people are [vp6, 4-] kind to each other…, 失误用方括号表示，放在失误之后。 [vp6]为vp（动词）第6种（时态）失误，4-为失误发生的范围，-表示失误的位置，4表示失误前有4个词。要联系这4个词，才能判断are这个词用错了。 开放性。容许研究者根据需要对失误类型进行补充或进一步再分出细类。例如[sn8]为句子结构有缺陷，研究者可以对这种失误再分为若干细类来研究。这需
1.英语学习者语料库（书面语及口语）中国学习者语料库 CLEC（100万）广外、上海交大 2.大学英语学习者口语语料库 COLSEC (5万) 上海交大 3.香港科技大学学习者语料库 HKUST Learner Corpus 香港科技大学 4.中国英语专业语料库 CEME (148万) 南京大学 5.中国英语学习者口语语料库 SECCL (100万) 南京大学 6.国际外语学习者英语口语语料库中国部分 LINSEI-China (10万) 华南师大 7.硕士写作语料库 MWC (12万) 华中科技大学 9.平行语料库汉英平行语料库 PCCE 北外 10.南大－国关平行语料库南京大学 11.英汉文学作品语料库；外研社 12.冯友兰《中国哲学史》汉英对照语料库 13.李约瑟(Joself Needham)《中国科学技术史》英汉对照语料库 14.计算机专业的双语语料库；国家语言文字工作委员会语言文字应用研究所 15.柏拉图(Plato)哲学名著《理想国》的双语语料库 16.英汉双语语料库(15万对) 中科院软件所 17.英汉双语语料库：LDC香港新闻英汉双语对齐语料36294段以及香港法律英汉双语对齐语料31万句子对中国科学院自动化研究所 18.英汉双语语料库(100万)，网上英汉语段电子词典及网上电子英汉搭配词典(1000万) 东北大学 19.英汉双语语料库(40-50万句子对) 哈尔滨工业大学 20.双语语料库(5万多对) 北京大学计算语言学研究所 21.对比语料库 LIVAC(Linguistic variety in Chinese communities) 香港城市理工大学 22.平衡语料库(Sinica Corpus)；树图语料库(Sinica Treebank) 台湾 23.特殊英语语料库中国英语(China English)语料库河南师范大学 24.军事英语语料库(Corpus of Military Texts) 解放军外语学院 25.新视野大学英语教材语料库上海交通大学 26.汉语语料库汉语现代文学作品语料库(1979年，527万字) 武汉大学 27.现代汉语语料库(1983年,2000万字) 北京航空航天大学 28.中学语文教材语料库(1983年,106万8000字) 北京师范大学 29.现代汉语词频统计语料库(1983年,182万字) 北京语言学院 30.国家级大型汉语均衡语料库(2000万字) 国家语言文字工作委员会 31.《人民日报》语料库(2700万字) 北京大学计算机语言学研究所 32.大型中文语料库(5亿字,10分库) 北京语言文化大学 33.现代汉语语料库(1亿字) 清华大学 34.汉语新闻语料库；(1988年,250万字) 山西大学 35.标准语料库(2000年,70万字) 36.生语料库(3000万字)；《作家文摘》的标注语料库(100万字) 上海师范大学 37.现代自然口语语料库中国社会科学院语言所 38.旅游咨询口语对话语料库和旅馆预定口语对话语料库中国科学院自动化所 39.北京大学汉语语言学研究中心的三个语料库
免费的英语语料库汇总 Some are not corpora, but (I think) they are corpus-related. The list is incomplete and just let me know if I omit any corpora. 1. The best corpora COCA：https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/ BNC-BYU：https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/bnc/ TIME-BYU：https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/time/ JustTheWord：http://193.133.140.102/JustTheWord/index.html BNCweb：https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/bncwebSignup/user/login.php Jukuu(句酷)：https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/ for learners Leeds: https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/internet.html Lextutor: http://www.lextutor.ca/ Web Concordancer: https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html, 2. General Corpora Jiaoda(上海交大): https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/WebCast/click on “guest”Brown/lob Corpus: http://www.lextutor.ca/concordancers/concord_e.html Corpuseye: http://corp.hum.sdu.dk/cqp.en.html Corpus swb : https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/cgi-bin/https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,?&corpus=swb BNC: https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/lookup.ht ml Bank of English: https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/Corpus/CorpusSearch.aspx ANC: https://www.doczj.com/doc/9712962272.html,/OANC/index.html
语料库与英语教学-英语论文 语料库与英语教学 文/续娜 【摘要】随着我国基础教育课程改革的实行，大学英语教师的教学观念也受到了一定程度的影响。然而，由于大学教育课程改革还处于改革的初级阶段，很多方面还不是很成熟，所以，在大学英语教育中应用语料库时就出现了很多问题。因此，研究语料库与英语教学具有非常重大的意义。本文分析了当前英语教学的现状，阐述了语料库与英语教学的关系，最后介绍了语料库语言学在英语教学中的应用。 关键词语料库；英语；教学 前言 随着我国基础教育课程改革的新形势情况下，英语教师的教学观念也受到了一定程度的影响。对于英语课堂教学而言，语料库在英语教育中的应用被越来越多的教师所接受。然而，由于基础教育课程改革还处于改革的初级阶段，因此在很多方面还不是很成熟。在大学英语教学过程中采用语料库的应用出现了很多问题，从而影响了大学英语教学的质量。因此，为了更好地提高大学英语教学的课堂效率，大学英语教学应用语料库显得很有必要。 一、当前大学英语教学的现状分析 当前，我国大学英语课堂教学中的互动只是流于形式化，大学英语教学课堂中师生之间的互动都缺少实质性的内容。但是，这种形式化的课堂师生之间的互动并到达启迪学生思维的效果，更不用说激发学生更深层次的思维活动了。在这样的大学英语教学模式下，造成很多大学生根本不了解语料库。这种课堂师生之
间的对话不仅压抑了学生的学习主动性，从而造成语料库在大学英语教学中的应用无法正常进行，因为学生才是学习的主人，只有让学生了解语料库的真实含义，才能发挥语料库在大学英语中的作用。因此，在大学英语课堂教学中，必须要突出学生的主体地位，充分发挥语料库的作用。只有这样，才能给学生充分展示才能的空间。因此，语料库的应用受到了大学英语教学教师的广泛关注，随着语料库在大学英语教学中的应用不断加深，语料库的应用也出现了一定的问题，从而影响了大学英语教学的质量。 二、语料库与英语教学的关系 从语料库在大学英语教学中的应用实践来看，表明语料库更加合适在大学英语教学中的应用。然而，在大学英语教学中，传统的以课本为主的大学英语教学方式已经无法满足大学英语教学的需要，因此，现阶段的大学英语教学中，教师应该更加全面地使用语料库。同时，将语料库应用于大学英语教学中，这样不仅可以很好地改变传统的大学英语教学模式，还能极大地提高学生学习英语的兴趣，从而充分挥发学生的积极性。当然，语料库的英语也是现代大学英语教学的改革的必然选择。并且语料库的应用，还能使学生更能掌握学习的主动权，进而为大学英语教学创造更加便捷的途径。因此，语料库能够方便的应用在大学英语教学过程中。 从语料库的理论方面来说，语料库与大学英语教学的关系包括以下几个方面，第一，现代的大学英语教学理论应该为学生为中心，因而现代的大学英语教学更加要求学生能够参加到英语教学的过程中，进而激发学生英语创新思维。由于语料库的应用还能够开发学生的注意力、记忆力和推理能力。同时，由于语料库含有大量的实例和数据，因而语料库能够更好地吸引学生的注意力，还能强化