专题十七词义猜测
A
No one gets through life without experiencing many disappointments.Strangely,though,most people seem unprepared for disappointment and react to it in negative ways.They feel depressed or try to escape from their troubles instead of using disappointment as an opportunity for growth.
One negative reaction to disappointment is depression.A woman trying to win a promotion,for example,works hard for over a year in her department.Helen is so sure she will get the promotion.However,the boss names one o f Helen’s co-workers for the spot.Deeply depressed,Helen loses her enthusiasm for her job and can barely force herself to show up every day.Helen tells herself that she is a failure and that doing a good job just isn’t worth the work.
Another negative reaction to disappointment is the desire to escape.Kevin fails to get into the college his brother is attending,the college that was the focus of all his dreams,and decides to escape his disappointment.Why worry about college at all?Instead,he covers up his real feelings by giving up on his school-work and getting completely involved with friends,parties,and “good times”.
The positive way to react to disappointment is to use it as a chance for growth.This isn’t easy,but it’s the only useful way to deal with an inevitable part of life.Helen,the woman who was not promoted,could have handled her disappointment by looking at other options.If her boss did not recognize her talent and hard work,perhaps she could transfer to another department.Or she could ask the boss how to improve her performance so that she could prepare for the next promotion.Kevin,the boy who didn’t get into the college of his choice,should look into other schools.Going to another college may encourage him to be his own person,step out of his brot her’s shadow,and realize that being turned down by one college isn’t a final judgment on his abilities or potential.
Disappointments are unwelcome,but regular visitors to everyone’s life.We can
feel depressed about them or we can try to escape from them.The best thing,though,is to accept a disappointment and then try to use it somehow:Step over the unwelcome visitor on the doorstep and get on with life.
1.In this passage,the author .
A.analyzes the cause of disappointment
B.describes his personal experience in dealing with disappointment
C.criticizes Helen and Kevin’s negative responses to disappointment
D.offers specific examples of the ways people deal with disappointment
2.Fro m the context,the word “options” (Para.4) means .
A.ways
B.choices
C.places
D.jobs
3.In the author’s opinion,Helen should instead of feeling depressed.
A.work even harder to get better than her promoted co-worker
B.stand the pressure and competition
C.win a good opinion from the boss by seeking his advice
D.move into another department to have her talent and hard work appreciated
4.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this selection?
A.Disappointment is an inevitable (不可避免的) part of life and we have to handle it in a positive way.
B.Life is made up of a series of disappointments.We have to accept them.
C.There are two kinds of reactions to disappointment.
D.Most people react to disappointment in negative ways.
B
Sir John,a British scientist who won last year’s Nobel Prize for Medicine,said he had predicted at the time of his frog experiments that the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years,and that “maybe the same answer is appropriate” for the step to human cloning.Parents who lose children in accidents may be able to
clone “copies” to replace them then.
Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moral issues,the biologist claimed people would soon overcome their concerns if the technique became medically useful.Cloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth of Louise Brown,the first “test tube baby”.He said,“When my first frog experiment was done,an American reporter asked how long it will be before these things can be done in mammals or humans.I said,‘Well,it could be anywhere between 10 years and 100 years—how about 50 years?’It turned out that it wasn’t far off the mark as far as Dolly was concerned.Maybe the same a nswer is appropriate.”Sir John added that cloning a human being effectively means making an identical twin,and doctors would therefore simply be “copying what nature has already produced”.
The average vote on allowing parents of deceased children,who are no longer fertile(能生育的),to create another using the mother’s eggs and skin cells from the first child,thinking the technique was safe and effective,is 60 percent in favor.The reasons for “no” are usually that the new child would feel they were some sort of
a replacement for something.
1.Sir John predicted the human cloning would be a reality in at most.
A.100 years
B.60 years
C.50 years
D.10 years
2.According to the text,which statement is NOT true?
A.Louise Brown is the first “test tube baby”.
B.Human cloning is still a controversial topic.
C.Sir John is positive about the future of human cloning.
D.Human cloning is creating something that didn’t exist before.
3.The underlined word “identical” probably means “”.
A.same
B.special
C.new
D.clear
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A. The life of Sir John.
B.Prediction on human cloning.
C.Views on human cloning.
D.Achievements in human cloning.
##
A
1.D 写作方法题。该篇文章以多个事件说明了人们应对失望时的做法,并给出了建议,故D项正确。
2.B 词义猜测题。该词所在句子的后面部分说明了没有被提拔的Helen可以有其他的几个假设的选择,故此处options相当于choices,表示“选择”,故B项正确。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中“If her boss did not recognize her talent and hard work,perhaps she could transfer to another department.”一句可知作者的建议,故D项正确。
4.A 主旨大意题。作者主要讲述了在面对失望时我们可以有不同的选择,我们应积极面对,而不应消极应对,故A项正确。
B
【语篇导读】诺贝尔医学奖得主——英国科学家约翰称,那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术,让他们的子女“重生”。
1.C 细节理解题。依据文章第一段可知,约翰表示,未来50年内,克隆技术将可以成功应用于人类。故选C项。
2.D 细节理解题。依据第二段中的“after the birth of Louise Brown,the first ‘test tube baby’”排除A项;文章最后一段说明克隆人类赞成者占6成,依旧存在争议,故排除B 项;第二段Sir John的话表明,他对克隆人类充满了希望,故排除C项;第二段的最后一句说明克隆技术只能克隆已经存在的人。故选D项。
3.A 词义猜测题。依据第二段中的“doctors would therefore simply be ‘copying what nature has already produced’”可知,医生只是复制已经存在的人,故选A项。
4.B 主旨大意题。作者在文中讲述了去年获得诺贝尔医学奖的英国科学家对克隆人类的前景的预测。故选B项。
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 一、题型特点与命题方式 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【命题趋势】 1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用―逻辑关系梳理法‖、―递向寻踪法‖理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word ―…‖ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______. By saying ―…‖ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, ―…‖ can be replaced by ―______‖. The meaning of ―…‖ in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the follow ing has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。 1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即―退火‖。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是―脆‖的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为―牧羊人‖。 【考例】 （2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words ―tipping points‖ most probably refer to ―_______‖. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
阅读专题四：词义猜测题 学习目标：通过复习，再次明确词义猜测题的考查方式，能够根据正确理解上下文做出选择。学习内容：词义猜测题的类型和选择方法，适当的练习。 学习方法：在老师的引导下分析例子，掌握方法；及时练习，运用方法。 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型，有些地区会在其他题型中考查考生的词义猜测能力，但是大多数地区的考题中会把词义猜测作为单独的题来考查。通过对近几年高考题的阅读理解题的分析统计可看出，词义猜测题在阅读理解部分约有1－4题，如2013年新课标全国卷Ⅱ的第38题，2013年安徽卷的第68题。虽然题量不大，但是这种不通过使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力是考生必须具备的，也是阅读测试中经常考查的一种能力。常见的考点有：1.．．直接猜测某个词的含义； ．．．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．．．．．．．．2.．．判断文中的某个代词指代的 对象； ．．．3.．．对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义； ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4.．．对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行 直接的或解释性的描述。 ．．．．．．．．．．． 1．单词或短语意义猜测题 对于阅读理解而言，词汇量是制约阅读理解效果的瓶颈。词义理解题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词词义理解、短语意思理解或代词指代对象的确定等。 【真题印证】 (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)．.. CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite，the doctor doesn't overreact，which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I'm in the operating room，I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they're not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them，someday someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up”． 38．In the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means ________． A．following flying requirements B．overreacting to different opinions C．listening to what fellow doctors say D．making a mistake that may cost lives 【解析】词义猜测题。根据本段最后几句So when I'm in the operating room...someday someone will keep me from“landing_gear_up”．(因此，当我在手术室里的时候，我征求其他医生的建议和帮助。有时他们不愿意发表意见。但是我希望如果我继续鼓励他们，有一天有人会阻止我“犯错误”。)可知，答案应选D。 【答案】 D 【真题印证】 (2013·辽宁高考)．.. We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.I n 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering‘a bu g’i n his invented record player.” 69．What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
阅读理解之词义猜测题 一，词义猜测类题目常见提问方式 1，The underlined word “__”in the passage means ____ . 2，What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ? 3，3.The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____. 4，4The word/phrase “___” could best be replaced by ____. 5，The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__. 6，Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”? 7，What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …? 8，The author uses the word “____” to indicate（暗示）____? 二，技巧 技巧 1. 利用上下文，通过_________结构或________结构中的_____词、______词推测词义。反义词常见信号词有but 、yet 、while 、however、on the contrary 等。同义词常见信号词：and, or, namely, that is, that is to say,等。 1. Although the hazards of the trip were many --- for example , the unbearable heat , the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animal and poisonous snakes --- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A. safties B. destinations C. dangers D. pleasures 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is , it will break easily. A. breakable B. firm C. strong D. separate 技巧2 从句子或文段中找线索、信息词（如__________、________或________ 推测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。 常用的解释性词提示词有that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be 等， 1. The herdsman , who looks after sheep , earns about 650 yuan a year . A. chief B. sheepherder C. merchant D. buyer 2. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy --- its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease "workaholism" is proving a difficult job , partly because many of them like work better than anything else , experts say. A. killer B. drinker C. jobnik D. secretary 技巧3 根据上下文___________结构(即___________句）及其语境，推断词义。文中常用解释性句子引出生词含义，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。 1.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools ? A. co-operative educational B. separate educational C. boys and girls at the same school's educational D. individual educational 2. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor . Because of this , most people think that craft (手艺) no longer exists. A. large-scaled production B. small-scaled production C. bankrupt D. fortune hunting 技巧4 利用_______，巧解词义。
专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题) 一、知识链接 英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中 也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读 变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词 词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内 容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "? 2. The underlined word, means_______. 3. The underlined phrase, means_______. 4. The underlined sentence, means_______. 二、真题演练 （一）典型例题 例1、 T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________. A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages 变式练习 Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
Exercises for guessing the meaning I. Guess the meaning of the underlined parts and write down in the blanks. Mark the information which is useful to guess the meaning. （Yesterday's homework） No. 1. （2011湖南卷）（如在家里一样舒适的，家常的） Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack. No. 2.（必需品） A cellphone is a must for today's older workers instead of young people. No. 3. （2011年湖南卷A篇）（引人注目的，重要的） Lying in a hardly noticeable street corner, the restaurant still attracts all customers, especially those experienced in the delights of Middle Eastern cooking. 1 No.4. （who is ??下定义，木匠） A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter . No. 5 （or,同义同位，B） "Background music, or ' Muzak ' , can be used by marketers to impose cultures ---- such as the commercialisation of Christmas--- onto consumeer and influence their behavior, " experts said. “Muzak" now refers to. A. a company B. a kind of music C a song D. an instrument No. 6 （because因果关系+常识，A） Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots（嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees. The word " pruning " means A. Regular cutting （修剪）of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain No. 7 （like,举例归纳，C） Positive thinking stories can create change in a person. Whether you 're struggling through a pernicious habit like smoking or drug taking, or you are finding it hard to get out of an abusive （虐待的）relationship, reading success stories from people whohave experienced what you 're going through can help encourage you to finally change the things that you don 't like about yourself. What does the underlined word pernicious " mean? A. Mental B. Healthy C. Harmful D. Lifelong No. 8 （ 05广东卷）（对比转折unlike, D ） Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can 't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.” The underlined word roughly means. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed No.9 （but,对比转折B）
专题一阅读理解 第4讲词义猜测题 [真题演练] A (2016·全国卷Ⅱ，阅读理解B) Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.” A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations. Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside．I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare，“But I'm just not creative.” “Do you dream at night when you're asleep？” “Oh，sure.” “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That's pretty creative.Who does that for you？” “Nobody.I do it.” “Really—at night，when you're asleep？” “Sure.” “Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？” 【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具培养学生的创造性和想象力。 5．The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________． A．know more about the students B．make the lessons more exciting C．raise the students' interest in art D．teach the students about toy design
阅读理解词义猜测题 词义猜测题就是考查考生在阅读时不用查词典，仅仅通过上下文的意思就能猜测出生词词义的能力。突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。考查的词有时为新词，有时为熟词新义。设问方式： 对单词意思的猜测： 1.The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to / means ________ 2.What does the word “….” In paragraph … stand for /mean? 3.“….” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4.the word “…..” is closest in meaning to _______________. 对短语意思的猜测 1.The expression /phrase “….” Means __________ 2.the underlined expression/ phrase in paragraph refers to / means _________ 3.“…” could best be replaced by which of the following? 4.the phrase “……” is closest in meaning to __________\ 对句子意思的猜测： 1.The sentence “…..” indicates that ______________ 2.The underlined sentence implies /means that ____________ 3.what does the underlined sentence mean? 4.By “….”, the author means that _____________. 对代词的意思猜测 What does the word “….” Underlined in the last paragraph refer to ? What does the underlined word refer to? 解题技巧： 1．根据单词的前缀或后缀猜测单词的意思 2．注意文章中能够解释生词的定义性语句 3．根据单词与文章其他部分的关系，通过对比、因果、比较等方法猜测词义。 4．根据同义词或近义词猜测词义 答题步骤 1．首先要认真阅读文章，对文章的内容有一个大体的了解，把握好文章的整体脉络。2．对题目中出现的要求考生猜测的短语、单词或句子的部分进行反复的阅读，力求从一下句或一些定义性的语句中找到有用的信息。 3．将猜出的单词、短语或句子的意思带入文中进行检验，看是否符合上下句的意思，文章上下是否衔接、连贯。 方法指导： 单词：对单词的意思猜测时要利用构词法、同义词、近义词、反义词或提示句进行猜测，并通过文章的大意来验证。 1. 根据上下文解释作出判断 根据短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，在上文或下文出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 例1 The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.（09湖南C） 66. The underlined words ―the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to _____.