Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar
1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned.
e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1)
2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9)
2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using ―as‖ or ―like‖.
e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1)
2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7)
3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.
e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1)
2)…make a point of protesting
4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc.
e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7)
a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9)
5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis.
e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5)
2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels.
(Para. 5)
6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human
qualities or are represented as possessing human form.
e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5)
Unit 2
V: Figures of speech
Metaphor: 暗喻
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.
暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。
1). And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say.
2). …I was again crushed by the thought…(Page 13, Para. 4, Line 1)
3). …At last the intermezzo came to an end and…(Page 13, Para. 4, Line 1)
4). …when the meaning of these last words sank in,jolting me…(Page 15, Para. 7, Lines 1~3) Synecdoche: 提喻
A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (a hand for sailor ), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general(as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket ), or the material for the thing from which it is made (as steel for sword ).
举隅法，提喻法：一种修辞方法，以局部代表整体（如用手代表水手），以整体代表局部（如用法律代表警官），以特殊代表一般（如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者），以一般代表特殊（如用贼代表扒手），或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西（如用钢代表剑）e.g. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)
little old Japan: traditional Japanese houses
Metonymy: 换喻
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of ―Washington‖ for ―the United States government‖ or of ―the sword‖ for ―military power‖.
换喻，转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用―华盛顿‖ 代替―美政府‖ 或用―剑‖ 代替―军事力量‖
The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)
the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western culture
Irony：反语
The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.
反语：用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法,以达到幽默和讽刺的效果。
e.g. This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me. (P. 17)
Climax: 层进法
A series of statements or ideas in an ascending order of rhetorical force or intensity.
层进法：在不断增强的修辞力度或强度中使用的一系列陈述和方法
No one talks about it any more, and no one wants to, especially the people who were born
here or who lived through it. (page 15~16, Para. 12, Lines 1~3)
Anti-climax: 渐降
Anti-climax, as used in the text, states one’s thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity from strong to weak, from weighty to light. It has achieved a humorous or surprised or even a sarcastic effect when the mayor was introducing his city to the visitors, who were expecting his answer to have something to do with the atom bomb, but who ironica lly heard ―oysters‖ in the end.
渐降表述概念的方式是使意义强烈的语言按照步步降低的语气顺序排列，语势由强而弱，语气由重到轻，有此达到取笑、讽刺或是喜剧的效果。
e.g. ―seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you
to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its—oysters.‖(p.15)
Sarcasm讽刺is an expression or cutting remark clearly meaning the opposite to what is felt.
Hiroshima—the ―liveliest‖ City in Japan (hyperbole)
If you want to write this city, do not forget to say that this city is the gayest city in Japan, even if…(hype rbole)
Simile 明喻is an expression making a comparison in the imagination between two things using the words as or like
e.g. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them…
Unit 3 Ships in the Desert
Personification
e.g. 1) Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand. (Para. 1)
Hyperbole
e.g. the population explosion (Para. 5)
Metaphor
1)another ghostly image (Para. 6)
2)these ghosts in the sky (Para. 8)
Metonymy
1)the relationship between the two superpowers (Para. 23)
Unit 5 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.
IV: Rhetorical devices
1. Periodic sentences:
Periodic sentences achieve forcefulness by suspense (悬念). The essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end.
A sentence in which the main clause or its predicate is withheld until the end; 周期句（掉尾
句）：主句或谓语在句末的句子，有两种句型：一：修饰语（尤其是状语）在句首的简单句；二：从句在前主句在后的复合句
a) The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.(p.79)
b) Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. (p.80)
c) If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia…he is woefully mistaken.(p80, L22)
d) When I awoken on the morning of Sunday, the 22nd, the news…i nvasion of Russia.(p.77)
2. Rhetorical question (interrogation)
Interrogation asks a question not in order to obtain an answer, but for the purpose of making an assertion in a striking and lively way.
E.g. …but can you doubt what our policy will be?
3. parallel structure
a) We will never parley
We will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang(p.80)
b) we shall fight him by land
we shall fight him by sea
we shall fight him in the air. (p.80)
c) behind all this glare
behind all t his storm I see…(p.80)
d) I see the Russian soldiers standing…
I see them guarding…
I see the ten thousand villages…
I see advancing upon…(p.79)
4. Inversion
A change in normal word order, such as the placement of a verb before its subject
a) From this nothing will turn us—nothing P. 80
5. Repetition
The repeated use of the same synonymous words, to add force, clearness or balance to a sentence
We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. (p.78)
He has so long thrived and prospered. (p.81)
We will never parley, we will never negotiate…(p.80)
6. simile
A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in ―How like the winter hath my absence been‖ or ―So a re you to my thoughts as food to life‖ (Shakespeare).
明喻：一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较，通常在由like 或as 引导的短语中，如―我的离开好象是冬天来临‖ 或―你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要‖ （莎士比亚）
I see also the dull…German soldiers…crawling locusts.(p79-80)
7. metaphor
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.
暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。
a) I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land…
threshold refers to the threshold of their nation. (p.79)
b) Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of … (p.80)
Glare: a fierce or angry stare; Here it refers to war fire.
Storm: strong wind and rain; Here it refers to war or Hitler’s assault on the other countries.
c) …delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey (the Russian soldiers). (p.80)
d) I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes. (Page 77, Para. 1, the last sentence)
e) We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. (Page80, Para. 3, Lines
6~8)
f) we have rid the earth of his shadow (influence) and liberated its peoples from his yoke(control).
(p.80)
8. alliteration
The repetition of the same consonant sounds or of different vowel sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables, as in
头韵：在一组词的开头或重读音节中对相同辅音或不同元音的重复。如：
“on scrolls of silver snowy sentences”(Hart Crane)
“写满银色雪般句子的卷轴上”(哈特·克兰)
a) Hearth and home (p.82)
b) I also see the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(p.79)
Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. (p.82)
9. Personification
A figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form
I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey. (p.79-80)
10. hyperbole
A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effec t, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton.
夸张法：一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果，比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重中
If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. (Hitler is much eviler than the devil.) (p.78)
e.g. I will love you till the seas goes dry, the rocks melt with the sun. 我爱你到海枯石烂
Unit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of America
V. Rhetorical devices
1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson
2.
e.g. 1) Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic,
and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. (Para. 1)
2) Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for
Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the
Declaration of Independence. (Para. 15)
2. Metaphor
e.g. 1) …who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night. (Para. 1)
2) …main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. (Para. 3)
3. Sarcasm: it is a figure of speech which attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to
disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. It is most often
restricted to the making of brief, unpleasant remarks that are motivated by hostility and
contempt.
e.g. 1)…I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating. (Para. 6)
2) …one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler man in a night. (Para. 13)
4. Alliteration: please refer to Lesson 1.
e.g. It was a splendid population –for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at
home.
It was that population…and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and
a recklessness of cost or consequences‖
5. Antithesis: please refer to Lesson 1.
e.g. 1)…of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. (Para. 5)
2)…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.
6. euphemism
e.g. 1) He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confiderate guerrillas who
diligently avoided contact with the enemy.
2) he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s final release from earthly
struggles
7. metonymy
e.g. …but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.
Unit 10 The Trial that Rocked the World
VII: Rhetorical devices
1. Metaphor:
No one,... that may case would snowball into...
...our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.
The street ...sprouted with ...
He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.
...champion had not scorched the infidels...
…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…
2. Simile:
...swept the arena like a prairie fire
...a palm fan like a sword...
3. Metonymy
...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...
The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below.
4. Hyperbole:
The trial that rocked the world
His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.
5. Ridicule:
Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted ...
Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.
6. Sarcasm:
There is some doubt about that.
And it is a mighty strong combination.
7. Transferred epithet
Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.
8. Antithesis
The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.
9. Assonance:
when bigots lighted faggots to burn...
10. Repetition:
The truth always wins...the truth...the truth...
11. synecdoche
1) the case had erupted round my head
12. oxymoron (矛盾修饰法)
Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a , “victorious defeat”
Unit 11 What’s a Dictionary For?
IV. Rhetorical devices
1. Personification:
The storm...that greeted...
An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment...
The Yew York Times, ...felt it
The Journal ...saw...
2. Alliteration:
...very little light on Lincoln...on Life
3. Sarcasm:
a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life.
..."so simple" a thing that the writer takes plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that.
4. Assonance:
The difference between the much-touted ... and the much clouted ...
5. Synecdoche:
But neither his vanity nor his purse is ...(metonymy)
What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges...
6. Metonymy
The Washington Post, ..."keep Your Old Webster's"
in short, ...written in the language that the 3rd International describes...
...very little light on Lincoln...on Life
7. Zeugma:
a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses (e.g. John and his driving licence expired last week) or to two others of which it semantically suits only one (e.g. with weeping eyes and hearts). Compare with syllepsis.
(语)轭式搭配法（一种修辞手段，指将一个动词与两个不同的名词或代词等搭配使同一个动词具有不同意义，如在John and his driving licence expired last week中的动词expired；或指将一个形容词与两个不同的名词搭配，在词义上该形容词虽仅适合于其中之一，但另一搭配可产生不同的联想意义，如在with weeping eyes and hearts中）。
The issue of New York Times …hail the Second as the authority… and the Third as a scandal…To wage war and peace
With weeping eyes and hearts
8. metaphor
Life called it a ―non-word deluge‖
Modern linguistics gets its charter from Leonard Bloomfield’s language (1933)
But if so, he has walked into one of lexicography’s biggest booby traps
And, sure enough, in the definition which raised the Post’s blood pressure
Unit 15 No signposts in the Sea
metaphor :
1)a new Clovis,loving what I have despised …
2)an Endymion young and strong
3)the sea … with no ripples at all but only the lazy satin of blue
4)the red ball (the sun)
5) and the sky a tender palette of pink and blue
simile :
1)it is as in a moving picture that I can note the grace of her gestures
2)dismissive as Pharisee
3)as sentimental and sensitive as any old maid doing water colours of sunsets
4)my imagination …so austere in the foreground but nurturing what treasures of tenderness,
like delicate flowers, for the discovery of the venturesome
5)…gives a cry like a sea-bird
6)… we are as pleased a children when our game succeeds
7)I like the footfall of naked feet in the dust, silent as a cat passing.
8)the faint creaking, as of the saddle-leather to a horseman riding across turf
alliteration :
2)And now see how I stand, as sentimental and sensitive as any old maid
Metonymy
In the evening she wears soft rich colours
He says he used to read me.
Euphemism
I want my fill of beauty before I go
Personification
The young moon lies on her back tonight as is her habi t in the tropics, and as, I think, is suitable if not seemly for a virgin.
Transferred epithet
…and the cool support of the water
I had no temptation to take a flying holiday to the south
But above all I love these long purposeless days in which I shed all that I have ever been.
Hyperbole
I wondered what mortal controlled it, in what must be one of the loneliest, most forbidding
spots on earth..
Onomatopoeia
And then I like all the small noises of a ship: the faint creaking, as of the saddle-leather to a horseman riding across turf, the slap of a rope, the hiss of sudden spray.
《高级英语》修辞分析及参考答案 1. But we shall not always expect…to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. (metaphor) 2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (metaphor) 3. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (metaphor) 4. We renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak. (metaphor) 5. And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion…(metaphor) 6. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. (metaphor) 7. Sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (simile) 8. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews. (transferred epithet) 9. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. (antithesis) 10. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. (antithesis) 11. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country. (antithesis) 12. Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children. (metaphor) 13. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier. (metaphor) 14. Logic, far from being a dry, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (metaphor and hyperbole) 15. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. (simile and hyperbole) 16. It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (hyperbole) 17. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (ellipsis and simile) 18. A nice enough young fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs. (ellipsis) 19. Not, however, to Petey. (ellipsis) 20. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (metaphor) 21. It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful. (antithesis) 22. In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (metaphor) 23. I said with a mysterious wink. (transferred epithet) 24. He just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (hyperbole) 25. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. (metonymy) 26. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker. (metonymy) 27. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. (antithesis) 28. The raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. (simile) 29. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. (metaphor) 30. Surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. (metonymy)
Unit 1 Middle Eastern Bazaar 1. Onomatopoeia: is the formation of words in imitation o the sounds associated with the thing concerned. e.g. 1) tinkling bells (Para. 1) 2) the squeaking and rumbling (Para. 9) 2. Metaphor: is the use of a word or phrase which describes one thing by stating another comparable thing without using “as” or “like”. e.g. 1) the heat and glare of a big open square (Para. 1) 2) …in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar (Para. 7) 3. alliteration: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters. e.g. 1) …thread their way among the throngs of people (Para. 1) 2)…make a point of protesting 4. Hyperbole: is the use of a form of words to make sth sound big, small, loud and so on by saying that it is like something even bigger, smaller, louder, etc. e.g. a tiny restaurant (Para. 7) a flood of glistening linseed oil (Para. 9) 5．Antithesis: is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis. e.g. 1) …a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire with a huge leather bellows…(Para. 5) 2) …which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels. (Para. 5) 6. Personification: a figure of speech in which inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form. e.g. …as the burnished copper catches the light of …(Para.5) Unit 9 Mark Twain—Mirror of America V. Rhetorical devices 1. Simile: Please refer to Lesson 2. e.g. 1) Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. (Para. 1) 2) Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence. (Para. 15)
高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课） 第一课Face to Face With Hurricane Camille Simile: 1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire) 2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train) Metaphor : 1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea) 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.) Personification : 1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)
英语修辞手法 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如： 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。
Lesson2 I. Are they really the same flesh as youself?——rhetorical question 2. They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few yers,and then they sink back into the n ameless mounds of the graveyard. — alliterati on ‘metaphor 3.Sore-eyed childre n cluster everywhere in un believable nu mbers,like clouds of flies. — simile 4. Thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape. ——irony 5. There was a fren zied rush of Jews. — tran sferred epithet 6. A white skin is always fairly con spicuous. — syn ecdoche 7. What gover nment service.——rhetorical questi on 8. L ong lines of wome n,be nt double like in verted capital Ls,work their way slowly across the fields. — simile 9. This kind of thing makes one 10.1 am not commenting,merely pointing to a fact. 11.This wretched boy,who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns,actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. ------ s yn ecdoche 12. And really it was like watch ing a flock of cattle to see the long colu mn,a mile or two miles of armed men.—simile 13. -------- w hile the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direct ion, glitteri ng like scraps of paper. metaphor Lesson3 1. no one has any idea where it will go as it mean ders or leaps and sprkles or just glows. ----- metaphor 2. they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.They are like the musketeers of Dumas — simile 3. sudde nly the alchemy of con versati on took place — metaphor 4. the glow of the con versatio n burst into flames ---- metaphor 5. The con versatio n was on win gs. --- metaphor 6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasa nt. ----- m etaphor 7. The Elizabetha ns blew on it as on a dan deli on clock,a nd its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.— simile 's blodrisoolnymy un derstateme nt
Lesson 1 1．"We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4) metaphor 2 .Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 、metaphor 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile 4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: “Get us through this mess, will Y ou?”(Para. 17) alliteration 5. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. (Para.19) personification 6. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. (Para.19) simile、onomatopoeia(拟声) 7. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. （Para. 20）transferred epithet 8 8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.（Para. 20）simile、personification 9. and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.(Para.28) simile 10.household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor Lesson 4 1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2) Transferred epithet 2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3) Synecdoche 3. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.(para14) Irony 4. '' There is some doubt about that '' Darrow snorted.(para 19) Sarcasm 5. The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.(para 20) Antithesis 6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie.(para 22) Alliteration; Simile 7. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breadth of his oratory as he should have. (Para 22) He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. (Para 23) The court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that Bryan. Snowball:grow quickly; spar: fight with words; thunder: say angrily and loudly; scorch: thoroughly defeat; duel: life and death struggle; storm of applause: loud applause by many people; the oratorical duel; spring the trump card.Metaphor
一、词语修辞格 （1）simile 明喻 ①...a memory that seemed phonographic ②“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?” ③Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ④Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ⑤Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. ⑥My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. ⑦She gasped like a bee had stung her. （2）metaphor 暗喻 ①It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room,… ②Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. ③The dye-market, the pottery market and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb the bazaar. A ④the last this intermezzo came to an end… ⑤…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse… ⑥After I tripped over it two or three times he told me … ⑦Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ⑧saw clearly ahead a black wall of night... ⑨main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart ⑩All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... ?When railroads began drying up the demand... ?...the epidemic of gold and silver fever... ?Twain began digging his way to regional fame...
Lesson1 1 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor 2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence 3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile 4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet 5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor, simile Lesson3 1. … and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. ---mixed-metaphor or metaphor 3. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus. ----metaphor 4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. ----metaphor 5. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. -----metaphor The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.--—metaphor 6. The conversation was on wings. ----metaphor 8. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. -----sarcasm反讽 9. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. -----simile 10. … we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. ---- 11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. ---- 12. We would never hay gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. ---- 13. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—-simile 14. Is the phrase in Shakespeare? ----metonymy 15. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile 16. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—alliteration 17. When E.M.F orster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the v ividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—--metaphor Lesson4 1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis 2.…in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor 3. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression (回环:A-B-C)
Lesson2 1.Are they really the same flesh as youself?—rhetorical question 2.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few yers,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.—alliteration ,metaphor 3.Sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers,like clouds of flies.—simile 4.Thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape.—irony 5.There was a frenzied rush of Jews.—transferred epithet 6.A white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche 7.What government service.—rhetorical question 8.Long lines of women,bent double like inverted capital Ls,work their way slowly across the fields.—simile 9.This kind of thing makes one’s blod boil.——metonymy 10.I am not commenting,merely pointing to a fact.——understatement 11.This wretched boy,who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns,actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.——synecdoche 12. And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men.—simile 13.while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.——metaphor Lesson3 1.no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sprkles or just glows.——metaphor 2.they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.They are like the musketeers of Dumas—simile 3.suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place—metaphor 4.the glow of the conversation burst into flames——metaphor 5.The conversation was on wings.——metaphor 6.We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant.——metaphor 7.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile
高级英语修辞总结 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
Rhetorical Devices 一、明喻（simile） 是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。 二、隐喻（metaphor） 这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。 三、Allusion（暗引）