中央电大2014年1月跨文化交际试题

跨文化交际试题答案(附翻译)一、选择题1. 以下哪项不是跨文化交际的核心要素？A. 语言差异B. 文化差异C. 沟通技巧D. 民族风俗答案：D翻译：Which of the following is not a core element of intercultural communication?A. Linguistic differencesB. Cultural differencesC. Communication skillsD. Folk customs2. 跨文化交际中，以下哪项行为可能导致误解？A. 打招呼B. 鞠躬C. 直接拒绝D. 礼貌地表达意见翻译：In intercultural communication, which behavior may lead to misunderstandings?A. GreetingB. BowingC. Direct refusalD. Politely expressing opinions二、填空题1. 跨文化交际中的文化差异主要体现在____、____、____等方面。

答案：价值观、行为规范、语言使用翻译：The cultural differences in intercultural communication are mainly reflected in values, behavioral norms, and language use.2. 跨文化交际能力包括____、____、____等方面。

答案：知识、技能、态度翻译：Intercultural communication competence includes knowledge, skills, and attitudes.三、简答题1. 简述跨文化交际的重要性。

跨文化交际在全球化背景下具有重要意义。

以下是跨文化交际的重要性：（1）促进国际交流与合作：跨文化交际有助于不同国家和地区的人们相互了解，增进友谊，促进国际合作。

1. 国际汉语教学环境不仅是多元文化的分享空间，也是培养师生跨文化交际能力的训练场。

A. 对B. 错答案：对2. 课堂讨论是中高级国际汉语课堂经常采用的练习形式，话题的选择很重要，最好不要涉及文化核心价值观，如宗教、政治等。

A. 对B. 错答案：对3. 在海外进行国际汉语教学时，即使当地文化价值观与正常教学秩序冲突，也应该顺应当地的文化价值观。

A. 对B. 错答案：错4. 当学生批评中国文化中的一些现象时，国际汉语教师应该立即提出反驳，为中国文化辩护。

A. 对B. 错答案：错5. 国际汉语教师的责任主要是介绍与讲解中国文化，所以应该专注于了解自己的文化，而不是了解学生的国家的文化。

A. 对B. 错答案：错6. 不管在哪个国家任教，教师都应该严肃而严格，树立自己的权威形象。

A. 对B. 错答案：错7. 当来自不同国家的学生就某一问题在课堂上产生文化冲突时，教师应该立即打断并就此回避这一问题，以免矛盾升级。

A. 对B. 错答案：错8. 文化教学最简单有效的方法是教师进行讲解。

A. 对B. 错答案：错9. 在语言课堂上进行文化教学，会挤占学生进行语言技能训练的时间，所以应该越少越好。

A. 对B. 错答案：错10. 与语言学习和交际密切相关的文化因素应该是汉语教学中文化教学的主要内容。

A. 对B. 错答案：对11. 在进行国际汉语教学时，汉语教师应该帮助学生掌握汉语的语用规约，学会地道的中国人的社会交往方式。

A. 对B. 错答案：对12. 国际汉语教师作为中国人，熟悉自己的文化，因此他们对中国文化的解释具有权威性，无需参考外国人对中国文化的观察视角。

A. 对B. 错答案：错13. 中国电影电视中那些优秀的作品有助于外国人正确了解中国，适合作为文化教学的资源。

A. 对B. 错答案：对14. 组织文化活动的根本目的是充分地向汉语学习者展示博大精深的中国文化。

A. 对B. 错答案：错15. 在国内的对外汉语课堂上组织小组活动时，教师应尽量把不同国家的学生分在一组，以淡化他们自己的文化意识，更好地融入中国文化。

《跨文化沟通》复习范围一、单项选择题（本题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）二、判断题（本题共10小题，每题1分，共10分。

）三、论述题（本题共两小题，一题25分，共50分）复习范围：1、文化的两个常用比喻文化洋葱说：表层文化：我们平时能观察到的东西中层文化：指的是一个社会的规范和价值观核心文化：是一个社会共同的关于人为什么存在的假设，它触及到该社会的中人们最根深蒂固不容置疑的东西。

比如美国核心文化最重要的一部分是人人平等，但印度人生来不平等是根深蒂固的观念。

某一社会的人视为理所当然的事情，却很难被生活在另一个社会中的人所完全理解。

2、文化习俗小测试1、在日本，喝汤时发出很大吮吸的声音会被认为是（ B ）A、粗鲁而讨厌的B、你喜欢这种汤的表现C、在家里不要紧，在公共场所则不要D、只有外国人才这样做2、在拉丁美洲，管理者（A ）A、一般会雇佣自己家族的成员B、认为雇佣自己家族成员是不合适C、强调雇佣少数特殊员工的重要性D、通常雇佣比实际工作所需更多的员工3、马来西亚的主要宗教是（D ）A、佛教B、犹太教C、基督教D、伊斯兰教4、在泰国（A ）A、男性之间挽手同行很常见B、男女之间在公共场所挽手很常见C、男女同行是很粗鲁的举止D、传统上男性和女性在街上遇见会互相轻吻5、在印度，进食时恰当的举止是（D ）A、用右手取食物，用左手吃B、用左手取食物，用右手吃C、取食物和吃都用左手D、取食物和吃都用右手6、美国在墨西哥工作的企业管理者发现，通过给墨西哥个人增加工资，他们会（C ）A、增加工人愿意工作的时间长度B、诱使更多工人加夜班C、减少工人愿意工作的时间长度D、降低生产率7、在一些南美国家，出席社交约会怎样才是正常，可接受（C ）A、提前10～15分钟B、迟到10～15分钟C、迟到15分钟到一个小时D、迟到1～2个小时8、在西欧，当送礼送花时，不要送（C ）A、郁金香和长寿花B、雏菊和丁香C、菊花和马蹄莲D、丁香和苹果花9、在沙特阿拉伯，一个从事商业工作的男性行政官恰当的送礼方式是（D ）A、托一个男人把礼物送给妻子B、当面把礼物送给妻子中最宠爱的一个C只送礼物给排行最长的妻子D、根本不送礼物给妻子10、如果你想送领带或围巾给一个拉丁美洲人，最好不要送（ B ）A、红色的B、紫色的C、绿色的D、黑色的11、德国办公室和家里的门通常是( D )A、打敞着，表示接受和欢迎朋友和陌生人B、微开着，显示进门前要先敲门C、半开着，显示一些人是受欢迎的，而另一些人是不受欢迎D、紧闭着，为了保护隐私和个人空间12、在越南，当你觉得自己在生意往来中被利用了，重要的是要（ C ）A、在表情而不是言语中表现出自己的愤怒B、说自己很生气，但是面部表情保持很镇定C、不以任何方式表现出自己的愤怒D、立即结束这交易，转身离开13、在印度，当一个出租车司机左右摇头时，他的意思可能是（C ）A、他觉得你出的价钱太高了B、他不想去你要去的地点C、他会带你去你要去的地方D、他不懂你在问什么14、在英国，手背朝向对方，食指和中指做成V字型（D ）A、表示和平的手势B、表示胜利的手势C、表示某样东西你想要两分D、粗鄙的手势3、跨文化理论：①六大价值取向理论：美国人类学家克拉克洪与乔斯贝克提出●对人性的看法人们对自身与外部自然环境的看法人们对自身与他人关系的看法●人的活动导向人的空间观念人的时间观念②文化维度理论：至今最具影响力的一个理论，由荷兰管理学者郝夫斯特提出。

【最新编排】---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 学习记录00１－、简答题〔共２道试题，共１00 分.〕１. Can you give a brief definition of Cross-cultural Communication?Cross-cultural communication refers to the different cultural backgrounds of communication between individuals, that is, people from different cultural backgrounds of the interaction between what happened. In recent years, it is caused most people's attention. In China, the language teachers to show great interest, reflecting the changes of the times and demands, has attracted people from the perspective of cross-cultural education of foreign language teaching in-depth thinking.２. List some important terms you have learned in this Unit. Make sure you understand what each of them refer to and how they may affect cross cultural communication.１.People?who?know?about?art,?music and?literature?are?cultured....２.To?an?anthropologist?the?word?culture?means?all?the?ways?in?which?a?group?of?people?act,?dress,?think,?and?feel.?3.People?have?to?learn?the?cultural?ways?of?their community:they?are?not?something?that?the?people?in?the?group?are?born?with.From Intellectual PerspectiveFrom Anthropologic PerspectiveFrom Social PerspectiveFrom Psychological PerspectiveFrom Intercultural Communication PerspectiveCulture Is LearnedCulture Is a Set of Shared InterpretationsCulture Involves Beliefs, Values, and NormsCulture Affects BehaviorsCulture Involves Large Groups of People学习记录00２－、简答题〔共２道试题，共１00 分.〕１.Can you give a brief definition of culture shock?Provide two examples of culture shock, please.Culture shock can be described as the feeling of confusion and disorientation〔迷茫〕that one experiences when faced with a large number of new and unfamiliar people and situations. Many things contribute to it－ smells, sounds, flavors, the very feeling of the air one is breathing. Of course, the natives' unfamiliar language and behavior contribute to it, too. People's response to culture shock vary greatly, from excitement and energetic action to withdrawal, depression, physical illness, and hostility. A particular individual might react to culture shock one way one day and another the next.The notion of culture shock calls two useful points to mind. First, most people experience some degree of culture shock when they go to a new country, whether they admit it to themselves and others or not. Culture shock is more a product of the situation of being in a new culture than it is of the traveler's personal character.Second, culture shock, like other kinds of "shock", is normally transitory. It passes with time.Academic analysts(学术分析家) of the culture shock idea point out that the experience of culture shock need not be negative. While there may be some unhappiness and unpleasantness along with the confusion and disorientation, the confusion and disorientation are necessary steps in learning about a new culture. If everything in the new place is just like home, no learning will come from being there.总分值：50２. List some important terms you have learned in this Unit. Make sure you understand what each of them refer to and how they may affect cross cultural communication.This general business strategy becomes increasingly important when dealing with businesses across cultures. Get on their website, check out their promotional material. Get a feel for the atmosphere, attitude, and angle that the business has. Many cultural factors are passed down from the societal level to businesses. However, each organization will have its own culture, personality, and way of doing things 在线自测１－、单项选择题〔共１0 道试题，共 70 分.〕１. Xiao Wang meets Peter at the airport and says to him: "Morning, Peter!" In this case, the source of information is ________ .A.Xiao WangB. PeterC. the airportD. "Morning, Peter!"正确答案：A 总分值：7 得分：未判分２. There are two kinds of cross-cultural communication: unilateral communication and _________.A. successful communicationB. verbal communicationC. bilateral communicationD. unsuccessful communication正确答案：C 总分值：7 得分：未判分3. Utterance meaning in a face-to-face communication refers to _________.A. what the speaker has intended to convey in what is saidB. what what is said normally meansC. what the hearer has understood on the basis of what is saidD. the associative meaning words have正确答案：B 总分值：7 得分：未判分4. When we are in a social gathering, we must be aware of the rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed. These rules and procedures are technically called _________.A. anecdotesB. goalsC. gesturesD. schema (schemas)正确答案：D 总分值：7 得分：未判分5. Which doesn't belong to the group in a cross-cultural situation? _________.A. Head movementsB. Social valuesC. Facial expressionsD. Body contact正确答案：B 总分值：7 得分：未判分6. When you are invited for a western meal, you're offered a second helping but you have already had enough. What would you say? "_________"A. Oh, thanks. That tastes awful.B. No, I don't want that.C. No, I don't like it.D. That was delicious but I've already had plenty, thanks.正确答案：D 总分值：7 得分：未判分7. Most Americans see themselves as separate _________, not as representatives of a family, community or other group.A. independenceB. individualsC. customersD. cultures正确答案：B 总分值：7 得分：未判分8. It is right to ask children or teenagers their age. But it is not normally _________ in English speaking societies to ask an adult their age - and never a woman!A. considerateB. inappropriateC. impoliteD. polite正确答案：D 总分值：7 得分：未判分9. The American child is nurtured to be _________, to be able to do whatever he could by himself, ever since he was born.A. independentB. good-lookingC. obedientD. private正确答案：A 总分值：7 得分：未判分１0. One way of talking about the different stages in getting used to life in a new country is the distinction of euphoria, depression, _________ and acceptance.A. criticismB. admirationC. adjustmentD. shock正确答案：C 总分值：7 得分：未判分二、判断题〔共 5 道试题，共 30 分.〕１. In face-to-face communication, non-verbal signals are not as important as verbal messages.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：A 总分值：6 得分：未判分２. When we Chinese refer to something about ourselves or related to us, we tend to elevate them.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：A 总分值：6 得分：未判分3. When you phone to tell your friend something, you are the source of information.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：B 总分值：6 得分：未判分4. Culture shock is a term used to describe the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, disorientation, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within an entirely different cultural or social environment, such as a different country or a differentstate than where they live.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：B 总分值：6 得分：未判分5. Chinese people tend to say things like "No, not really" when they are asked "Are you hungry?" in the host family.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：B 总分值：6 得分：未判分学习记录004－、简答题〔共２道试题，共１00 分.〕１. Please give a brief summary of the main ideas of Unit 4. NO need to write in too many details, ONLY the key aspects..What Chinese values does li ming's response to praise of his abilities show?２.What Chinese habits does wang hong's response show when others make complimentary comments on his purchases ?总分值：50 得分：3２评价：２. List some important terms you have learned in this Unit. Make sure you understand what each of them refer to and how they may affect cross cultural communication.Within the business context, cross cultural communication refers to interpersonal communication and interaction across different cultures. This has become an important issue in our age of globalisation and internationalisation. Effective cross cultural communication is concerned with overcoming cultural differences across nationality, religion, borders, culture and behaviour.Cross cultural communication is critical to the business world. The diversity of people in cities and countries means an element of cross cultural communication will always be needed whether it is between staff, colleagues, customers or clients. Awareness of cultural differences can favourably impact the success of a business. Improved staff interaction, better customer relations and effective client management are all areas that will reap benefits through cross cultural understanding.Although cross cultural communication competency can only be truly achieved through cross cultural awareness training, language acquisition, foreign travel and cultural immersion (文化融合，渗透) there are some guidelines that can enhance your cross cultural communication skills在线自测２－、单项选择题〔共１0 道试题，共 70 分.〕１. The _________ of a person is his or her family name.A. given nameB. middle nameC. surnameD. initials正确答案：C 总分值：7 得分：未判分２. English surnames can show various sorts of information about people, including the place a person is from, the job he has, family relationships, ethnic identity and personal _________.A. considerationB. knowledgeC. politenessD. characteristics正确答案：D 总分值：7 得分：未判分3. Nowadays in England, people usually call each other _________.A. Sir or MadamB. by their first nameC. Mr, Mrs, Miss, or MsD. by their last name正确答案：B 总分值：7 得分：未判分4. Unlike in China, the kin terms used for relatives do not distinguish between _________ relatives in Britain.A. internal and externalB. old and youngC. maternal and paternalD. male and female正确答案：C 总分值：7 得分：未判分5. In America _________ is the collective informal term for addressing a group of friends.A. guysB. girlsC. boysD. mates正确答案：A 总分值：7 得分：未判分6. In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _________, as we say.A. to buy a roundB. to foot the billC. to go DutchD. to go to Dutch正确答案：C 总分值：7 得分：未判分7. In the West, it is regarded polite to open gifts as soon as they are given to express _________.A. greedinessB. misunderstandingC. gratitudeD. appreciation正确答案：D 总分值：7 得分：未判分8. Guests invited to dinner in the West frequently bring _________ of wine.A. only one bottleB. two bottlesC. a dozen bottlesD. a pack正确答案：A 总分值：7 得分：未判分9. We Chinese are brought up to initially refuse friendly offers to demonstrate ______ in seeming not to wish to put our host to any trouble.A. invitationB. traditionC. politenessD. personality正确答案：C 总分值：7 得分：未判分１0. Normally, when hearing compliments, a typical Chinese reaction is to show _________.A. disagreement and angerB. modesty and humilityC. enjoyment and prideD. pride and gratitude正确答案：B 总分值：7 得分：未判分二、判断题〔共 5 道试题，共 30 分.〕１. In work places, it is quite common to see people use their initials when they make any changes to a document they are reviewing.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：B 总分值：6 得分：未判分２. English family names have always been there since the beginning of human civilization.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：A 总分值：6 得分：未判分3. Comparatively speaking, the Westerners tend to avoid direct conflicts and losing face when confronted with a problem or when refusing a request.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：A 总分值：6 得分：未判分4. The behavior of the host in actively offering and the guest in asking the host not to bother have become conventional and habitual in the West.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：A 总分值：6 得分：未判分5. When meeting at a pub for drinks, a popular pastime in England, each person in the group will buy everyone a round.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：B 总分值：6 得分：未判分学习记录005－、简答题〔共２道试题，共１00 分.〕１. What are the major differences between Chinese families and Australian families, in terms of the roles, relationships, and expectations of the family members?In AUSTRLIA families the central relationship is that between husband and wife，with children being thought of as independent individuals from an early age；but in chinese families the central relationship is that between parents and children. 总分值：50 得分：3２评价：２. List some important terms you have learned in this Unit. Make sure you understand what each of them refer to and how they may affect cross cultural communication.Definition １：the activity or process of giving information to other people or to other living things, using signals such as speech, body movements, or radio signals，e.g.: Insects such as ants have a highly effective system of communication.Definition ２：the systems of processes that are used to communicate or to broadcast information, especially those that use electricity or radio wave, e.g.: the current revolution in communicationsDefinition 3：a letter, telephone call or some other message; a formal use, e.g.: a secret communication from the Foreign Minister总分值：50 得分：3２评价：在线自测3－、单项选择题〔共１0 道试题，共 60 分.〕１. １. The biggest difference between the Chinese way of child-rearing and the Australian one is that the former fosters dependence and the latter _________.A. referenceB. independenceC. interdependenceD. indifference正确答案：B 总分值：6 得分：未判分２. The traditional, primary relationship in a Chinese family is usually that between _________.A. husband and wifeB. parents and childrenC. father and childrenD. teacher and students正确答案：B 总分值：6 得分：未判分3. In a typically traditional Chinese family, children are expected to show _________ and obedience to parental wishes.A. revengeB. rejectC. respectD. regret正确答案：C 总分值：6 得分：未判分4. While many women feel it natural to confer with tier partners at every turn, many men feel free to make decisions without such _________.A. congratulationB. commitmentC. conclusionD. consultation正确答案：D 总分值：6 得分：未判分5. Chinese students are often surprised at the frequency with which their English friends _________ to one another over trivial things.A. apologizeB. confessC. shoutD. explain正确答案：A 总分值：6 得分：未判分6. Body language can sometimes lead to _________ since people of different cultures often have different forms of behavior for sending the same message or have different interpretations of the same signal.A. effectivenessB. communicationC. agreementD. misunderstanding正确答案：D 总分值：6 得分：未判分7. Non-verbal communication includes all of the following but Not _________.A. telephone messagesB. gesturesC. facial expressionsD. eye movements正确答案：A 总分值：6 得分：未判分8. The ring gesture, where you form an "O" by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb, means in France that you think something is _________.A. worthlessB. "I'll kill you!"C. goodD. great正确答案：A 总分值：6 得分：未判分9. Some psychologists argue that there are six basic emotions. They are surprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness, and _________.A. confusionB. boredomC. sadnessD. shyness正确答案：C 总分值：6 得分：未判分１0. In Britain, if you do not look at the person in a conversation, it could imply a number of things, including fear, _________, uneasiness, guilt or indifference.A. attentionB. happinessC. attemptD. contempt正确答案：D 总分值：6 得分：未判分二、判断题〔共 5 道试题，共 40 分.〕１. An American visiting Australia has to be careful in using the index finger to beckon someone.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：B 总分值：8 得分：未判分２. In Britain, you can look at a stranger for as long as you like providing they are not standing next to you.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：A 总分值：8 得分：未判分3. Different cultures have different customs concerning how far apart people should stand when communicating with each other.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：B 总分值：8 得分：未判分4. When British people feel perfectly friendly, they never sound cold or distant.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：A 总分值：8 得分：未判分5. There seems to be growing evidence to suggest that women and men do pursue different interactive style.A. 错误B. 正确正确答案：B 总分值：8 得分：未判分学习记录006１. Can you give a brief definition of Non-verbal Communication?Nonverbal communication is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. i.e., language is not the only source of communication, there are other means also. Messages can be communicated through gestures and touch (Haptic communication), by body language or posture, by facial expression and eye contact. Meaning can also be communicated through object or artifacts (such as clothing, hairstyles or architecture), symbols, and icons (or graphics). Speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, rate, pitch, volume, and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation and stress. Dance is also regarded as a form of nonverbal communication. Likewise, written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the physical layout of a page.However, much of the study of nonverbal communication has focused on face-to-face interaction, where it can be classified into three principal areas: environmentalconditions where communication takes place, the physical characteristics of the communicators, and behaviors of communicators during interaction.总分值：50 得分：37 评价：２. List some important terms you have learned in this Unit. Make sure you understand what each of them refer to and how they may affect cross cultural communication.Everything went smoothly. My Blake and Sun Yan worked together well. Mr Blake had confidence in Sun Yan and regarded her as sweet, smart and efficient. He would often discuss things together with Sun Yan before making decisions. One day when she ws ordering her files in the room outside Mr Blake's office, Sun Yan heard Mr Blake opening his door and calling her. She looked up and saw Mr Blake extending his left hand, palm up, beckoning her with the forefinger. She put her work down at once and went into Mr Blake's office. Mr Blake then asked to hear her opinion about a new project.总分值：50 得分：35 评价：学习记录007－、简答题〔共２道试题，共１00 分.〕１. What do you think of the English language in terms of synonyms, idioms, proverbs, euphemisms?English is a language popularly rich in synonyms,idioms,proverbs,euphemisms. synonyms -For example:autumn &fall are all 秋天idioms-For example:have a big mouth 夸夸其谈,carry coals to Newcastle画蛇添足proverbs-an apple a day ,makes the doctor away－天－苹果，医生不找我euphemisms-die&He's gone.the last one is euphemisms２.总分值：50 得分：２0 评价：２. How many idioms have you learned altogether in this unit?List all the animal idioms you know.There are many idioms about animals:１lion in the way 拦路虎２cast pearls before swine对牛弹琴3carry coals to Newcastle画蛇添足4Guizhou donkey has exhausted its trick黔驴技穷5somebody is as stubborn as a mule 犟得像头牛6somebody is as stupid as a goose蠢得像头猪8as blind as a bat 鼠目寸光总分值：50 得分：40 评价：专题/案例报告－、简答题〔共１道试题，共１00 分.〕１. 从8个单元地网上讨论中选择１个专题或案例，根据实时或非实时讨论情况个人撰写－份案例分析报告.English is a language particularly rich in synonyms .i.e.different words which standfor the same thing. This is partly because of the convention, particularly in written English ,that one should avoid repeating the same word over and over again .So instead of repeating 'enough' one may substitute 'sufficient',instead of repeating 'everlasting' one may use 'never-ending'.No two words are exactly identical. However .It is usually possible to find some difference between them or some context in which one is appropriate but not the other .Such differences can take several forms. It may be a difference in regional variety. 'Autumn and fall ',for example, both refer to the same season, but one is used in British English ,the other in American English. Similarly ,'snack' and 'baggin' both refer to a light meal, but the former is standard English and the latter is a regional variety form the north of England. There may be stylistic differences . 'salt' and 'sodium chloride' are synonymous , but the former is an everyday expression, and the latter is technical. Similarly 'recalcitrant' is a formal equivalent of 'disobedient'. There may also be differences in the emotional connotations of words. 'Youths' and 'youngsters' are synonymous, but Youths sound less pleasant than youngsters. The emotional associations which a word brings to mind will often differ from person to person ,so are to some degree unpredictable.This calling someone a 'republican' may suggest he has praise-worthy qualities to those in England who wish to abolish the monarchy, but connote objectionable characteristics to those who support it.学习记录008－、简答题〔共２道试题，共１00 分.〕１. Can you give a brief description of the process from a primitive tribe to a global village in terms of communication progress?Qur earliest human ancestors established the Old Stone Age culture:The social at that time was one in which men hunted and the women collected food.We assume that a group of ２5 to 30 people was the most stable social unit and the smallest community capable of providing enough food for all its members.Human progress,Writing ,printing technology ,telephone radio television and computer -these have extended man's mouth ,eyes,ears,hands,legs,,Now the world become a global village总分值：50 得分：34 评价：２. Think of the models of communication you have learned in Unit １. What kind of model we have with 'an Electronic Mind'?So far we have discussed the extension of man through Writing ,printing technology ,telephone radio television and computer -these have extended man's mouth ,eyes,ears,hands,legs,,This century has witnessed one of the greatest human achievements ever -the invention of computer.This computer ,it is claimed ,"sees""understand""learns" and ,in general,"has demonstrated that machines can think".So we call the computer "an Electronic Mind".总分值：50 得分：3２评价：在线自测4－、单项选择题〔共１0 道试题，共 60 分.Choose the best one to complete each statement or question.〕１. If you want to join the medical _________ , you need to master a whole body of medical knowledge and receive systematic training.A. occupationB. vocationC. professionD. trade正确答案：C 总分值：6 得分：未判分２. I'm afraid we shouldn't go on chatting like this. The new manager could arrive out of blue. What does out of blue mean?A. with an angry expressionB. extremely pleasedC. thinking deeplyD. unexpectedly; without warning正确答案：D 总分值：6 得分：未判分3. Kill not the goose that lays the golden eggs. What does the sentence mean?A. It is better to accept something small than to reject it and hope to get more later on.B. If too many people try to do the same thing at the same time, there will be chaos.C. Anyone who claims more than he has already got is very likely to get nothing at all in the future.D. There must be something better after every piece of unpleasantness.正确答案：C 总分值：6 得分：未判分4. Some forms of human communication from a primitive tribe to a global village (mentioned in the course book) include _________.A. computer network, TV stations, drumbeats, chopsticksB. smoke signals, pigeons, peacocks, mobile phones, emails ...C. gestures, TV, email, fire, horns, flags, animals ...D. shouting to each other, printing, telegraph, radio, internet ...正确答案：D 总分值：6 得分：未判分5. According to Sir Richard Paget, the right order of development of human communication is _________.A. sounds, food, hunting, writing, gambling, online chattingB. gestures of the hands, gestures of the mouth, whispered speech, voiced speechC. gestures, eye movements, writing, speech, telegraph, internetD. shouting, whispers, hands movements, horse riding, computers正确答案：B 总分值：6 得分：未判分6. Language may be _________ to our own species, the capacity of mean, to transmit messages vital to survival, and to understand them, certainly is not.A. effectiveB. uniqueC. relativeD. misunderstanding正确答案：B 总分值：6 得分：未判分7. Communication through writing emancipates man from the constraints imposed by the face-to-face distance and the _________ of time.A. spontaneityB. responsibilityC. complexityD. confusion正确答案：A 总分值：6 得分：未判分8. A digital computer is a system composed of four distinct elements: a central processing unit, input devices, memory storage devices, and _________ devices.A. hard wareB. hard diskC. outputD. monitor正确答案：C 总分值：6 得分：未判分9. The cardinal principle we should bear in mind in conducting cross-cultural communication is this: There is no such a thing as good or bad. There are only ________.A. influencesB. respectC. indifferenceD. differences正确答案：D 总分值：6 得分：未判分１0. A stereotype is a conventional, formulaic, and ________ conception, opinion, or image of a group of people.A. effectiveB. oversimplifiedC. characteristicD. beneficial正确答案：B 总分值：6 得分：未判分二、单项选择题〔共 5 道试题，共40 分.Match the English idioms with their explanations by choosing the appropriate option (a-e).〕１. □ to have a big mouthA. only justB. the finest citizens; persons with very high qualitiesC. in confusionD. to boast a lot or talk too muchE. a person who is strongly disapproved of by other members of his/her family 正确答案：D 总分值：8 得分：未判分２. □ at sixes and sevensA. only justB. the finest citizens; persons with very high qualitiesC. in confusionD. to boast a lot or talk too muchE. a person who is strongly disapproved of by other members of his/her family正确答案：C 总分值：8 得分：未判分3. □ a black sheepA. only justB. the finest citizens; persons with very high qualitiesC. in confusionD. to boast a lot or talk too muchE. a person who is strongly disapproved of by other members of his/her family 正确答案：E 总分值：8 得分：未判分4. □ by the skin of one's teethA. only justB. the finest citizens; persons with very high qualitiesC. in confusionD. to boast a lot or talk too muchE. a person who is strongly disapproved of by other members of his/her family 正确答案：A 总分值：8 得分：未判分5. □ the salt of the earthA. only justB. the finest citizens; persons with very high qualitiesC. in confusionD. to boast a lot or talk too muchE. a person who is strongly disapproved of by other members of his/her family 正确答案：B 总分值：8 得分：未判分。

电大跨文化交际期末复习资料（全参考）《跨文化交际》期末复习资料一、单项选择题1. Xiao Wang meets Peter at the airport and says to him: “Morning, Peter!” In this case, the source of information is ________ .√A. Xiao WangB. PeterC. the airportD. “Morning, Peter!”2. There are two kinds of cross-cultural communication: unilateral communication and _________.A. successful communicationB. verbal communication√C. bilateral communicationD. unsuccessful communication3. Utterance meaning in a face-to-face communication refers to _________.A. what the speaker has intended to convey in what is said√B. what is said normally meansC. what the hearer has understood on the basis of what is saidD. the associative meaning words have4. When we are in a social gathering, we must be aware of the rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed. These rules and procedures are technically called _________.A. anecdotesB. goalsC. gestures√D. schema (schemas)5. Which doesn’t belong to the group in a cross-cultural situation? _________.A. Head movements√B. Social valuesC. Facial expressionsD. Body contact6. When you are invited for a western meal, you’re offereda second helping but you have already had enough. What would you say? “_________”A. Oh, thanks. That tastes awful.B. No, I don’t want that.C. No, I don’t like it.√D. That was delicious but I’ve already had plenty, thanks.7. Most Americans see themselves as separate _________, not as representatives of a family, community or other group.A. independence√B. individualsC. customersD. cultures8. It is right to ask children or teenagers their age. But it is not normally _________ in English speaking societies to ask an adult their age - and never a woman!A. considerateB. inappropriateC. impolite√D. polite9. The American child is nurtured to be _________, to be able to do whatever he could by himself, ever since he was born.√A. independentB. good-lookingC. obedientD. private10. One way of talking about the different stages in getting used to life in a new country is the distinction of euphoria, depression, _________ and acceptance.A. criticismB. admiration√C. adjustmentD. shock11. The _________ of a person is his or her family name.A. given nameB. middle name√C. surnameD. initials12. English surnames can show various sorts of information about people, including the placea person is from, the job he has, family relationships, ethnic identity and personal _________.A. considerationB. knowledgeC. politeness√D. characteristics13. Nowadays in England, people usually call each other _________.A. Sir or Madam√B. by their first nameC. Mr, Mrs, Miss, or MsD. by their last name14. Unlike in China, the kin terms used for relatives do not distinguish between _________ relatives in Britain.A. internal and externalB. old and young√C. maternal and paternalD. male and female15. In America _________ is the collective informal term for addressing a group of friends. √A. guysB. girlsC. boysD. mates16. In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _________, as we say.A. to buy a roundB. to foot the bill√C. to go DutchD. to go to Dutch17. In the West, it is regarded polite to open gifts as soon as they are given to express _________.A. greedinessB. misunderstandingC. gratitude√D. appreciation18. Guests invited to dinner in the West frequently bring _________ of wine.√A. only one bottleB. two bottlesC. a dozen bottlesD. a pack19. We Chinese are brought up to initially refuse friendly offers to demonstrate ______ in seeming not to wish to put our host to any trouble.A. invitationB. tradition√C. politenessD. personality20. Normally, when hearing compliments, a typical Chinese reaction is to show _________.A. disagreement and anger√B. modesty and humilityC. enjoyment and prideD. pride and gratitude21. 1. The biggest difference between the Chinese way of child-rearing and the Australian one is that the former fosters dependence and the latter _________.A. reference√B. independenceC. interdependenceD. indifference22. The traditional, primary relationship in a Chinese family is usually that between _________.A. husband and wife√B. parents a nd childrenC. father and childrenD. teacher and students23. In a typically traditional Chinese family, children are expected to show _________ and obedience to parental wishes.A. revengeB. reject√C. respectD. regret24. While many women feel it natural to confer with tier partners at every turn, many men feel free to make decisions without such _________.A. congratulationB. commitmentC. conclusion√D. consultation25. Chinese students are often surprised at the frequency with which their English friends_________ to one another over trivial things.√A. apologizeB. confessC. shoutD. explain26. Body language can sometimes lead to _________ since people of different cultures often have different forms of behavior for sending the same message or have different interpretations of the same signal.A. effectivenessB. communicationC. agreement√D. misunderstanding27. Non-verbal communication includes all of the following but Not _________.√A. telephone messagesB. gesturesC. facial expressionsD. eye movements28. The ring gesture, where you form an “O” by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb, means in France that you think something is _________.√A. worthlessB. “I’ll kill you!”C. goodD. great29. Some psychologists argue that there are six basic emotions. They are surprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness, and _________.A. confusionB. boredom√C. sadnessD. shyness30. In Britain, if you do not look at the person in a conversation, it could imply a number of things, including fear, _________, uneasiness, guilt or indifference.A. attentionB. happinessC. attempt√D. contempt31. If you want to join the medical _________ , you need to master a whole body of medical knowledge and receive systematic training.A. occupationB. vocation√C. professionD. trade32. I’m afraid we shouldn’t go on chatting like this. The new manager could arrive out of blue. What does out of blue mean?A. with an angry expressionB. extremely pleasedC. thinking deeply√D. unexpectedly; without w arning33. Kill not the goose that lays the golden eggs. What does the sentence mean?A. It is better to accept something small than to reject it and hope to get more later on.B. If too many people try to do the same thing at the same time, there will be chaos.√C. Anyone who claims more than he has already got is very likely to get nothing at all in the future.D. There must be something better after every piece of unpleasantness.34. Some forms of human communication from a primitive tribe to a global village (mentioned in the course book) include _________.A. computer network, TV stations, drumbeats, chopsticksB. smoke signals, pigeons, peacoc ks, mobile phones, emails …C. gestures, TV, email, fire, horns, flags, animals …√D. shouting to each other, printing, telegraph, radio, internet …35. According to Sir Richard Paget, the right order of development of human communication is _________.A. sounds, food, hunting, writing, gambling, online chatting√B. gestures of the hands, gestures of the mouth, wh isperedspeech, voiced speechC. gestures, eye movements, writing, speech, telegraph, internetD. shouting, whispers, hands movements, horse riding, computers36. Language may be _________ to our own species, the capacity of mean, to transmit messages vital to survival, and to understand them, certainly is not.A. effective√B. uniqueC. relativeD. misunderstanding37. Communication through writing emancipates man from the constraints imposed by the face-to-face distance and the _________ of time.√A. spontaneityB. responsibilityC. complexityD. confusion38. A digital computer is a system composed of four distinct elements: a central processing unit, input devices, memory storage devices, and _________ devices.A. hard wareB. hard disk√C. outputD. monitor39. The cardinal principle we should bear in mind in conducting cross-cultural communication is this: There is no such a thing as good or bad. There are only ________.A. influencesB. respectC. indifference√D. differences40. A stereotype is a conventional, formulaic, and ________ conception, opinion, or image ofa group of people.A. effective√B. oversimplifiedC. characteristicD. beneficial二、判断题1. In face-to-face communication, non-verbal signals are not as important as verbal messages. √A. 错误B. 正确2. When we Chinese refer to something about ourselves or related to us, we tend to elevate them. √A. 错误B. 正确3. When you phone to tell your friend something, you are the source of information.A. 错误√B. 正确4. Culture shock is a term used to describe the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, disorientation, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within an entirely different cultural or social environment, such as a different country or a different state than where they live.A. 错误√B. 正确5. Chinese people tend to say thi ngs like “No, not really” when they are asked “Are you hungry?” in the host family.A. 错误√B. 正确6. In work places, it is quite common to see people use their initials when they make any changes to a document they are reviewing.A. 错误√B. 正确7. English family names have always been there since the beginning of human civilization. √A. 错误B. 正确8. Comparatively speaking, the Westerners tend to avoid direct conflicts and losing face when confronted with a problem or when refusing a request.√A. 错误B. 正确9. The behavior of the host in actively offering and the guest in asking the host not to bother have become conventional and habitual in the West.√A. 错误B. 正确10. When meeting at a pub for drinks, a popular pastime in England, each person in the group will buy everyone a round.A. 错误√B. 正确11. An American visiting Australia has to be careful in using the index finger to beckon someone.A. 错误√B. 正确12. In Britain, you can look at a stranger for as long as you like providing they are not standing。

《跨文化交际》题集一、选择题（每题10分，共100分）1.跨文化交际主要研究的是：A. 不同国家之间的政治关系B. 不同文化背景的人们之间的交流与互动C. 国际经济的合作与发展D. 全球气候变化的影响2.在跨文化交际中，哪种行为可能被视为不尊重他人？A. 直视对方的眼睛以示真诚B. 在交谈中频繁点头表示赞同C. 在未经允许的情况下触摸他人的头部D. 礼貌地询问对方的个人生活3.“高语境文化”与“低语境文化”的区别在于：A. 沟通中直接信息的多少B. 人们使用语言的频率C. 社会习俗的复杂性D. 对时间的重视程度4.下列哪项不属于非言语交际的形式？A. 肢体语言B. 面部表情C. 语音语调D. 书面文字5.在一些文化中，沉默可能被视为：A. 同意的标志B. 思考的表示C. 不尊重的行为D. 沟通的一种方式6.“文化休克”通常发生在：A. 一个人长时间处于自己的文化中B. 一个人初次接触并适应新的文化环境时C. 一个人对某种文化有深入了解之后D. 一个人在不同文化之间频繁切换时7.下列哪项是跨文化交际中常见的挑战？A. 语言障碍B. 价值观差异C. 沟通风格的不同D. 以上都是8.在一些文化中，时间被视为一种：A. 可以随意支配的资源B. 必须严格遵守的规则C. 可以用来建立社会关系的工具D. 以上都有可能是，取决于具体的文化9.“面子”在跨文化交际中是一个重要的概念，它通常指的是：A. 一个人的社会地位B. 一个人的自尊心和荣誉感C. 一个人在外貌上的吸引力D. 一个人在经济上的实力10.下列哪项不是促进跨文化交际有效性的策略？A. 增强文化意识B. 发展跨文化沟通技巧C. 避免与不同文化背景的人交往D. 尊重并适应不同的文化习俗二、填空题（每题10分，共50分）1.在跨文化交际中，__________是指由于文化差异而导致的沟通障碍或误解。

2.__________文化强调直接、明确的沟通方式，而__________文化则更注重含蓄和间接的表达。

1. 语用规约，实质上就是言语交际中语言运用的正确性问题。

A. 对B. 错答案：错2. 一般说来，在西方文化中通常可以随便讨论的话题是天气、工作、业余爱好、地方和全国性事件。

A. 对B. 错答案：对3. 在那些集体主义文化的地区如拉丁美洲、阿拉伯、非洲等地，人们交谈时往往离得比较远。

A. 对B. 错答案：错4. 当我们身处东南亚一些佛教国家，如泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、斯里兰卡、印尼、斐济等时，不可以摸当地小孩子的头。

A. 对B. 错答案：对5. 竖起大拇指这个动作在不同文化中都表示赞成、棒等意思。

A. 对B. 错答案：错6. 副语言是一种重要的非言语交际行为，人们通过非语词的声音，借助调节语速的快慢、音调的高低变化等来实现言语的情感表达。

A. 对B. 错答案：对7. 认知自身文化与其他文化之间的差异，是跨文化适应的第一步。

A. 对B. 错答案：对8. 跨文化适应最终会以心理调适的方式表现出来。

A. 对B. 错答案：错9. 进入异文化的头四个月是跨文化适应的关键期，抓紧时机广泛参与、多方接触东道主文化，可以使文化适应达到较好的水平。

A. 对B. 错答案：对10. 那些外语学得特别好、心态特别开放的人，在进入一个陌生文化时能立即适应。

A. 对B. 错答案：错11. 很多旅游热门地甚至有可能改变自己的文化习惯去适应旅行者，致使当地民俗民情变得不再本土和纯粹。

A. 对B. 错答案：对12. 外派到国外的国际汉语教师需要关注跨文化适应的问题，在国内任教的国际汉语教师就没有这个必要了。

A. 对B. 错答案：错13. 在多元文化环境中相处，不是要求每个人放弃自己的文化，而是每个人都应该努力适应其他人。

A. 对B. 错答案：对14. 跨文化敏感的发展模式大概可以用五个阶段加以概括：防范、最小化、接受、适应、整合。

A. 对B. 错答案：错15. 正确的跨文化情感和态度是移情。

A. 对B. 错答案：对16. 关于中美两国在“恭维”这一程式化言语行为方面的主要差异，下列说法不正确的是：A. 围绕能力或成就所进行的恭维，在美国社会中通常是地位较高的人恭维地位较低的人，而中国社会恰好相反B. 美国的恭维语往往是高度程式化的，句式比较固定，语义明确，很容易识别；而中国人的恭维语则比较隐蔽C. 在恭维语的回应方式上，美国人一般会接受并表示感谢，而中国人则多会否定或表示谦虚D. 美国人不喜欢恭维别人的外貌，但中国人普遍喜欢恭维别人的外貌答案：美国人不喜欢恭维别人的外貌，但中国人普遍喜欢恭维别人的外貌17. 具有下面哪类特点的文化更可能要求服饰庄重得体：A. 高权力距离、个体主义、长期导向B. 高权力距离、集体主义、正式性C. 低权力距离、个体主义、正式性D. 低权力距离、集体主义、短期导向答案：高权力距离、集体主义、正式性18. 请看下面这个案例：一个中国学生向美国留学生朋友提起自己的宠物狗在不久前遭遇了车祸，这位美国留学生脱口而出：对不起！中国学生感到莫名其妙。

《跨文化交际-2014》课程网上考试题库Unit 1 Language and Culture in CommunicationI Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.1.What does “It’s all Greek to me” mean?A.It’s something I don’t understand!B.I don’t speak Greek!C.I don’t understand: Do you speak Greek?D.I understand: Why are you speaking Greek?Key：A2.All of the following is a necessary factor of communication except .A.there is only one peopleB.there must be some contact between communicatorsC.there must be a language shared by communicatorsD.an exchange of information has taken placeKey：A3.An artificial language is such kind of a language that .A.is computer designed by humansB.is created for blind people by computerC.is impossible for humans to understandD.is created by humans for special purposesKey：D4.When two people coming from the same culture are communicating with each other, we cansay this is a .A.multi-cultural communicationB.bi-cultural communicationC.mono-cultural communicationD.cultural communicationKey：C5.When we are writing an E-Mail, we are using a .A.human & artificial languageB.human oral & non-verbal languageC.human verbal & artificial languageD.human oral & body languageKey：C6.It is considered as a ritual in many English speaking countries for students .A.to ignore their professors.B.to address their professors by the title “Mr.”C.to ignore any form of address for their professors.D.to address their professors by their first name.Key：D7.Which of the following is not a sign of communication?A.There are at least two or more people.B.There is no contact between communicators.C.There must be a language shared by communicators.D.An exchange of information has taken place.Key: B8.Which of the following is not the three kinds of meanings involved when a speaker sayssomething to a hearer.A.utterance meaningB.speaker's meaningC.hearer's meaningD.prediction meaningKey: D9.Which the following is not the four models of communication?rmation modelB.mono-cultural modelC.multi-lateral modelD.bilateral modelKey: CII Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1.Two-way contact means: communicators can see each other and monitor each other's behavior- indirect communication.Key: F2.One-way contact: communicators cannot see each other, and hence cannot monitor eachother's behavior - direct communication.Key: F3.Machine language is known as artificial language.Key: T4.When you complain to your instructor about your course credits through telephone, you usetwo languages: natural language used between you and your instructor and artificial language used by the telephoneKey: T5.There will be no communication if no exchange of information has occurred.Key: T6.Mono-cultural language communication ('mono-' meaning one or single) is a model ofcommunication between people speaking two different languages in different cultural environment.Key: Fmunication models help people to be able to have a better understanding of cross-culturalcommunication.Key: T8.When we talk about meanings, these are actually interpretations made by human beings.Words, signs, and symbols alike never mean anything without human interpretation.Key: T9. A social situation may receive two definitions. One is given by the community, and the otherby the participants.Key: T10.In face-to-face communication non-verbal signals are not important at all.Key: FUnit 2 Culture ShockI Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.1.What is a sinologist?A. a specialist in languagesB. a student of Chinese languages.C. a specialist in Chinese studiesD. a Chinese language studentKey：C2.An “utterance meaning” is .A.what a speaker saysB.what is heard by someoneC.what is meant by someoneD.how someone says somethingKey：A3.The two types of typical English tea areA.Green and White.B.Red and White.C.Black and White.D.Red and Green.Key：C4.When two people coming from different cultures are communicating with each other, we cansay this is a .A.multi-cultural communicationB.bi-cultural communicationC.mono-cultural communicationD.cultural communicationKey：B5.Social distance refers to the degree of similarity or dissimilarity between .A.two classes of peopleB.two people of different sexC.two culturesD.two peopleKey：C6.When people have just arrived in a new cultural environment, they are enjoying a honeymoon period. This is referred to as a stage of .A.euphoriaB.euphoricC.euphemismD.optimismKey：A7.Individualists tend to believe in .A.deferenceB.hierarchyC.equalityD.anti-societyKey：C8.Foreigners usually come into the habit of .A.respecting important peopleB.respecting young peopleC.respecting all peopleD.respecting elderly peopleKey：C9.What constitutes a ‘Western’ meal in most cases?A.going to McDonalds or KFCB.three or four coursesC. a main course plus coffee/teaD.eating as much as you canKey：B10.“Westerners” will feel uneasy talking about .A.religionB.relativesC.weatherD.economicsKey：D11.In a cross-cultural communication context, one often finds the other person’s behavior .A.very excitingB.difficult because of languageC.easy to understandD.odd and sometimes distastefulKey：D12.Collectivist theory is attributed to culture.A.AmericanB.WesternC.EasternD.ChineseKey：D13.Which one can be considered as the origin of “Western” culture?A.liberalismB.independenceC.LincolnismD.Confucianism.Key：A14.What is the normal way to measure hospitality in Britain?A.the number of dishes you are givenB.the number of drinks you are givenC.freedom to look at whatever you wantD.freedom to choose what you eat or drinkKey：C15.You say someone is 'as bold as brass', you mean to say that .A.they do things without worry or fearB.they do things happilyC.they do things unhappilyD.they do things as they likeKey: A16.The following topics are taboos which should be avoided in Western culture, which is anexception?A.How old are you?B.What is your salary?C.Are you married?D.How is the weather?Key: DII Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1.For Westerners compliments should be accepted and appreciated, but we Chinese oftennegate compliments in order to appear modest.Key: T2.To be 'full of pep' is to be inactive and short of energy.Key: F3. A person who has 'cheek' is afraid of doing things that annoy or embarrass people.Key: F4.To 'keel over' means to fall over.Key: T5.The American children are nurtured to be independent to do whatever they could bythemselves.Key: T6.Because Methuselah is said in the Bible to have lived to be 969 years old, so it is polite to saya young people is as old as Methuselah.Key: F7.During old Chinese days fatness is a compliment, associated with health and prosperity butnowadays Westerners tend to admire slimness.Key: T8.People are sensitive about their personal appearance. So even if something appears to youto be wrong, it's not polite to mention it unless you know the person very well.Key: T9.Salary not is considered a private matter in English speaking societies.Key: F10.In individualist cultures, children are brought up to draw attention to themselves.Key: TUnit 3 What's in a Name?I Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.pared to Chinese people, English native speakers .A.do not use kin terms so extensivelye kin terms just as extensivelye them about half as muchD.do not use them at allKey：A2.Most English people have .A.one nameB.two namesC.three namesD.four namesKey：C3.Which given name is usually used by English people?A.The first of the given nameB.The second of the given nameC.The last of the given nameD.The middle of the surnameKey：A4.One can assume from Margaret Thatcher’s family name that her ancestors .A.sold candlesB.made clothesC.made barrelsD.made roofsKey：D5.In China, the term “comrade” is.A.still widely usedB.becoming more and more popularmon in written ChineseD.widespread but diminishing in useKey：D6.“Guys” in America is a collective informal term for .A.addressing a group of friendsB.addressing a group of girlsC.addressing a group of menD.addressing a group of ladiesKey：A7.Today, in England, people usually call each other by their first names in .A.formal meetings at workrmal situations outside workC.formal situations outside workrmal meetings with bossesKey：B8.Today, many Chinese people .A.pay a lot of attention to origins of surnamesB.are very aware of the meaning of given namesC.are mostly unaware of the meaning of given namesD.search for the origins of surnamesKey：B9.The family name McAdam indicates .A.Irish ethnicityB.English ethnicityC.Scottish ethnicityD.no ethnicityKey：C10.What use is generally made of initials for serious purposes?A.indicate changes to a documentB.indicate you have gone to a meetingC.indicate the time you went homeD.indicate you made a telephone callKey：A11.The term “man in the street” means .A.the man walking pastB.the person walking pastC.casual peopleD.ordinary peopleKey：D12.A Christian name is also called a .A.given nameB.surnameC.family namest nameKey：A13.The appropriate use of kin terms may reflect a person's .A.PolitenessB.CarefulnessC.RespectfulnessD.FriendlinessKey: AII Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1.Chinese names consist of family name and given name, with given name put first.Key: F2.The term 'Christian names' originates from people's belief in Christianity and the traditionalpractice of giving babies their names at a special ceremony in church known as a 'christening'. Key: T3.Chinese names can give all sorts of information about a person. They may, for example, giveclues about where and when the person was born.Key: T4.Shortened forms of names are commonly used among friends and colleagues.Key: T5.Nowadays, however, all people no longer pay much attention to the origin of their surnames,and they are much more aware of the meaning of their given names.Key: F6.In Chinese culture, Master is still quite commonly used which is traditionally used as a titlefor a skilled worker, now often used to any unknown ordinary person of both sexes, usuallymiddle-aged or older persons especially those who provide services.Key: T7.Nowadays in England people usually call each other by their family name.Key: F8.In Britain members of the aristocracy inherit not only their family names, but their titles aswell.Key: T9.The Queen can only honour people with titles which are not inherited .Key: F10.As you know, here in China kin terms are not only used within one's own family but also toother peopleKey: TUnit 4 Social InteractionI Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.1.At English dinners hosts often inquire the guests’ favors .A.just before they serve a mealB.before they come to the dinnerC.as they are serving the mealD.is a totally untrue statementKey：B2. A “white lie” is .A. a lie told with the intention of causing troubleB.the intention to lie and not be caughtC. a good lie told with bad intentionsD. a lie told with good intentionsKey：D3.When we are “Going Dutch”, we mean that .A.pay the cost of some mealsB.go out for a mealC.pay for your own mealD.pay for everyone’s mealKey：C4.The phrase ‘footing the bill’ means .A.paying the cost of all mealsB.paying the cost of your meal onlyC.paying the cost of some mealsD.refusing to pay for any mealKey：A5. A typical “Western” style meetings .A.always start with prayersB.are always informal and friendlyck any formal organizational structureually are organized well in advanceKey：D6.The broad sense of “social interaction” is .A.relationships between peopleB.making friends easilyC.forming a social clubD.speaking to peopleKey：A7.Married foreigners in China understand invitations to banquets by Chinese to mean .A.they will get drunkB.their spouse is also invitedC.their spouse is not invitedD.they have to pay for dinnerKey：B8.The term RSVP stands for .A.please come earlyB.please bring a friendC.please replyD.please write an answerKey：C9.What is a “roast” ?A.thin slice of meatrge piece of meatC.burnt piece of meatD.place where chickens sleepKey：B10.At first, foreigners coming to China will feel when they are addressed as “lao wai”.A.quaintB.respectfulC.helpfulD.annoyingKey：D11.What does the idiom “pool their money” mean?A.Put together the right amount of money to pay the bill.B.Put together the right amount of money to give to a friend.C.Put away large sum of money for important use.D.To ask someone to lend large sum of money.Key: A12.What does the word “tab” in the idiom “pick up the tab” mean?A.MoneyB.BearC.CupD.BillKey: D13.What does the idiom “buy his round” mean?A.Ask everyone what dresses they would like and then go to the shop to buy.B.Ask everyone what they would like and then go to the bar to get the drinks.C.Ask everyone what snacks they would like and then go to the grocery store to buy foreveryone.D.Ask everyone who would like to go to the grocery store to buy snacks for everyone.Key: B14.We needn't be too worried about cultural differences because of the following characteristicsfrom different cultures except .A.SimilaritiesB.mutual adjustmentC.punishmentD.toleranceKey: C15.Chinese may be very familiar with this kind of indirect ways of refusing requests, becausewhen confronted with a problem or when refusing a request .A.they tend to avoid direct conflicts and losing faceB.they tend to get direct complimentC.they tend to lose moneyD.they tend to be angryKey: AII Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1.When we Chinese suggests going for a meal at a restaurant, the person who invites should pay;this is always true in English- speaking countries.Key: F2.“Buy his round” means that ask everyone what they would like and then go to the bar to getthe drinks.Key: T3.It’s a suitable way for Chinese to show respect for westerners to unwrap their presents and putthem away in a corner.Key: F4.Traditionally gifts of fruit are thought of as only appropriate for visits to people who are ill inwestern culture.Key: T5.Guests invited to dinner in the West frequently bring only one bottle of wine, bringing twomight even give the impression that the giver is a heavy drinker.Key: T6.Western culture asks people to behave very modestly when paying a visit to someone.Nevertheless, when they decline the host’s offer they hope the host would ask again or bring out a cup of coffee or a mug of tea anyway.Key: F7.We Chinese usually say 'no' when somebody offers something, because sometimes an offer isnot a real offer but a polite remark.Key: T8.After the westerners say 'no', they usually wait for the second or third offer before they acceptit, but that never happens in a Chinese home.Key: F9.Westerners respond to compliment by saying 'thank you'.Key: T10.Different cultures may have different ways to respond to compliments, Chinese pays moreattention to the values of modesty and humility.Key: TUnit 5 Roles and RelationsI Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.1.In a traditional Chinese family, in a quarrel between his wife and his mother, a man would besupposed to support before he makes clear why his wife and his mother quarrel.A.his wifeB.his motherC.his own opinionD.nobodyKey：B2.Women are believed to speak and hear .A. a language of connection and intimacyB. a language of intimacy and reflectionC. a language of connection and reflectionD. a language of connection, reflection and intimacyKey：A3.Between parents and children, Chinese people seem to place high value .A.strong obligationsB.obliging peopleC.bodily ablutionsD.bodily strengthKey：C4.What does “Australians have different perspectives to Chinese” mean?A.they have different ways of talkingB.they have different ways of thinkingC.they have different ways of drinkingD.they have different ways of eatingKey：B5.For Chinese children, married life sometimes begins with a shock because .A.they have to clean and cookB.they have to have a babyC.they have to live with someone elseD.they have to wash dishesKey：A6.In China, who will make the decisions for children?A.MotherB.FatherC.GrandfatherD.ChildrenKey：B7.In Australia, from a young age, children began to be given the concept of .A.DependenceB.DependabilityC.InterdependenceD.IndependenceKey：D8.Regarding patterns of friendship, which statement is NOT true?A.Friendship differs between sectors of societyB.The British may sound cold and distant when they feel perfectly friendly.C.The Chinese may sound rude and demanding when they intend to sound friendly.D.The British cease to use polite forms such as “could you” and “would you” when they becomefriends with you.Key：D9.When will British people may sound cold and distant?A.when they really get bad weatherB.when they really are very upsetC.when they really are very friendlyD.when they really want to go homeKey：C10.Men are believed to speak and hear .A. a language of static independenceB. a language of independent statusC. a language of status and dependenceD. a language of status and independenceKey：D11.What is the primary relationship in a Chinese family?A.husband-and-wife relationshipB.parent-and-children relationshipC.brother-and sisterD.grandparent-grandchildrenKey: B12.Which of the following statement is NOT correct?A.Observations are things you see, hear and know to be trueB.Judgments are reactions or feelings about what you observeC.Misjudgment can lead to cross-cultural miscommunication.D.When you observe things about another culture, it is easy to make correct judgments.Key: D13.There are social differences of asking for permission between male or female, which of thefollowing is INCORRECT?A.Women feel it natural to confer with their partners at every turn.B.Women prefer to have discussions before decisions are arrived at.C.Women find lengthy discussions about what they consider minor matters a waste of time.D.Many men feel free to make decisions without such consultation.Key: C14.The following are differences between man and woman, which is NOT correct?A.It appears that men and women look on decision-making in the same way.B.Men don't like discussing their problems with anyone.C.Girls fear rejection by their peers if they appear too successful and boys don't.D.Women are more likely to use indirectness as to them it has a double benefit.Key: A15.English writing pays a lot of attention to unity and coherence. Which of the following is NOTcorrect?A.Unity of a paragraph means that it deals with one topic or one aspect of a topic.B.Coherence is achieved when the ideas around the topic or all aspects of a topic are clearlyrelated to each other in orderly sequence.C.The central idea is often made clear to the readers by guessing.D.Each sentence in such a paragraph should naturally grow out of each previous sentence indeveloping the central idea.Key: C16.When talk about friend or friendship, which is NOT true?A.Chinese students, for example will be surprised at the frequency with which English friendsapologize to one another over relatively trivial things.B.Chinese requests are generally directed to friends using more direct forms.C.The higher up the social scale you go the greater the number of friends you will see in thecourse of the week.D.Chinese requests are generally directed to friends using more indirect forms.Key: DII Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1.Husband-and-wife relationship is the primary relationship in Australian families.Key: T2.Chinese unmarried children always leave home and live independently of their parents longbefore marriage.Key: F3.British apologize to their friends over things like asking for help in some small matter ortelephoning late at night.Key: T4.Chinese families usually expect to get repayment if parents give financial support to theirchildren at university.Key: F5.Fostering independence in children from an early age is considered to be the true expressionof real family feeling in Chinese families.Key: F6.Chinese may sound rude and demanding when they intend to sound friendly..Key: T7.Chinese children are not expected to work during their school years or even to help withhousehold chores.Key: T8.Chinese tend to emphasize the independence of the individuals. Australians tend to valuestrong obligations between parents and children.Key: F9.What the family means to your grandparents or even your parents may be quite different fromwhat it means to you, and the expectations towards family members may also vary.Key: T10.American parents are supposed to be responsible for their sons' education, marriage andsupport.Key: FUnit 6 Non-verbal communicationI Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.1.If someone is “stand-offish” they are .A.IntimateB.StandingC.ReservedD.OutstandingKey: C2.Gestures vary in meaning from .A.country to countryB.culture to cultureC.group to groupD.person to personKey：B3.Facial expression can be deemed as an example of .A. a non-verbal channelB. a verbal channelC.an emotional channelD. a means to hide emotionsKey：A4.In “western” countries, hugging and kissing will be .A.rarely seen in publicB.often seen in publicC.never seen in publicD.not allowed in publicKey：B5.When people are communicating through non-verbal communication, they .A.convert feelings into conversationB.converse by using their feelingsC.converse with their whole bodiesD.have a bodily conversationKey：C6.As for a “foreigner”, one of the most embarrassing things in China is .A. a Chinese person saying “hello” and bowing to himB. a Chinese person asking if he likes Chinese foodC. a Chinese person wanting to practice speaking EnglishD. a Chinese person asking if he can use chop-sticksKey：A7.In order to enhance your cross-cultural communication competence, you have to be ableto .A.speak some of the language and master some non-verbal behaviorB.speak some of the language and master all non-verbal behaviorC.speak the language and master all non-verbal behaviorD.speak the language and master some non-verbal behaviorKey：D8.The origin of the custom of shaking hands is associated with .A.giving a gift to someoneB.reassuring strangersC.preparing for warD.congratulating peopleKey：B9.Which one of the following can make cultural communication easier and more effective?A.good body languageB.washing your handsC.taking off your shoesD.wearing nice clothesKey：A10.When showing affection to a child in “western” countries, people usually would .A.smile sweetlyB.pat the headC.kiss the cheekD.hold handsKey：B11.The most common form of behavior on being introduced to someone in China is .A.shaking handsB.clasping one's hands togetherC.bowingD.kissingKey: A12.Which of the following can explain why a Chinese will usually stop what he is saying ordoing for a moment and clap together with the audience when he is being applauded?A.The speaker expresses his thanks to the audience.B.The speaker or performer is applauding himself.C.The speaker is 'shy' or 'unnatural'.D.The speaker is made to join the audience.Key: A13.In Japanese culture when speak to someone who is superior people is required not to look himstraight in the eye to .A.show kindnessB.show respectC.show happinessD.show unhappinessKey: B14.Scanning is a type of fast reading which is used .A.when the reader wants to locate a particular piece of information without necessarilyunderstanding the rest of the text or passageB.when the reader wants to locate a particular piece of information with totally understandingthe rest text or passageC.when the reader wants to get the main ideaD.when the reader wants to locate a particular piece of information with partial understanding ofthe rest of the text or passageKey: A15.“Look like the innocent flower, but be the serpent under it” is a saying from Shakespearewhich implies that .A.people can put on different gestures to hide their true feelingsB.people can say untrue words to hide their true feelingsC.people can put on different facial expressions to hide their true feelingsD.people can say wrong words to hide their true feelingsKey: C16.The emotion governing norms are quite different, which of the following is NOT correct?A.Displaying anger is much less acceptable among the Japanese than among Americans.B.There is greater emphasis on restraining the expression of emotions in Japanese culture, andpeople tend to control their feelings.C.Men are expected to control their emotions while women are expected to express theiremotions more freely in Britain.D.Men begin to learn to control their emotions when they grow up.Key: D17.One of the reasons people in group-centred societies seldom display their joy or sadnessopenly is that they don't want to .A.impose their feelings on othersB.find the mind's constructionC.give off signalsD.conceal the mind's constructionKey: A18.The Chinese saying “hiding a dagger in a smile” means that some people are so skillful atcontrolling their appearance .A.that they can hide their smileB.that they can hide their evil intentions behind a smileC.that they are kind to hide their angerD.that they can hide good evil intentions behind a smileKey: B19.It is generally accepted that speaking in public is also a kind of two-way communication,which of the following is a correct way of eye contact?A.eye contact from both the speaker and the audienceB.eye contact from the speakerC.eye contact from the audienceD.no eye contact at allKey: AII Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1.The most common form of behavior on being introduced to someone in China is bowing.Key: F2.We pass by the foreigners in the street who are strangers to us. Some people stare long andhard at foreigners. This staring may simply reflect curiosity, but often causes the foreigner to feel uncomfortable.Key: Tually when we have a face-to-face talk we look at each other while we speak or listen, nomatter what the relationship is.Key: T4.We express our emotions not only verbally but also through non-verbal channels, and one ofthe main non-verbal channels is facial expression.Key: T5.The Chinese are affectionate to their friends and relatives, but perhaps they show theiraffection in public less than other peoples.Key: T6.Skimming is a type of fast reading which is used when the reader wants to get detailedinformation.Key: F7.While we speak with our vocal organs we converse with our whole body, this sentence meanswe convey a whole variety of information to others with our bodies.Key: T8.Spoken language varies from culture to culture but the language of the hands is always thesame from place to place.Key: F9.Thumbs-up gesture in Greece means that you're praising something or somebody.Key: F10.Since gestures can cause so many cultural misunderstandings, the safe thing to do when youtravel abroad is to keep your hands in your pockets and make as few gestures as possible. Key: F。

国开电大《跨文化交际与汉语教学》期末大作业答案一、案例分析（25分/题，共50分）案例一李老师是一名汉语志愿者教师，在美国大学教口语课。

期末考试的形式为一对一的口语考试，考试的时候，她面对学生，认真倾听学生的口试，记录出现的语音语法错误，尽最大可能做到客观评分。

然而，分数发布以后，一名美国学生对分数提出申诉，理由是：“我在进行口试的时候，老师一直对我微笑，并且频频点头，我以为她对我的口试非常满意，可是为什么给了我这么低的分数！”李老师很迷惑：考试时对学生微笑，是为了缓解学生的紧张情绪；点头是为了鼓励学生继续往下说。

请问，如何理解学生对李老师的误解？如果你是李老师，这件事对你的教学有何启示？请你从非言语交际行为的文化差异、国际汉语教学环境中师生文化冲突两个方面对案例进行分析。

案例二在国内一所大学的短期汉语班上，一位年轻的女汉语教师每次上课都直呼一位六十多岁的日本进修生的名字，这引起了班上一些日本和韩国学生的不满，他们觉得这位年轻的女老师直接叫长辈的名字是不敬的表现。

而班上的法国和美国学生则认为，老师对所有的学生都叫名字，没有什么不对的地方。

请问，学生对老师称呼方式的不同反应体现了怎样的价值观方面的差异？假如你是案例中的这位老师，你会如何称呼这位年长的学生？如何解决这一文化冲突？可以结合文化依附策略来进行分析。

二、文化活动设计（50分/题，共50分）假设你在美国一所小学任教，中秋节快到了，请你为他们设计一个“一起过中秋”的活动。

围绕以下几点考虑：如何根据学生的年龄特点设计活动？可以设计哪些活动？2.如何制造流动性，让学生动起来？3.给学生布置什么任务，使他们用语言完成交际？4.如何让所有学生都参与其中？参考答案一、案例分析案例一参考答案1这个案例涉及到了非言语交际行为的文化差异以及国际汉语教学环境中的师生文化冲突。

让我们从这两个方面来分析学生对李老师的误解以及可能的启示：1. 非言语交际行为的文化差异：微笑：在一些文化中，微笑通常被视为友好和支持的体现，可能会用于鼓励、安慰或者表示满意。

《跨文化社交》考试一试卷Section I Listening Test[20 points]Part 1. Questions 1- 5 are based on this part. (10 points)You are going to listen to a panel discussion between two people on animal behavior. Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D for each question. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Madam Chair states that chimpanzee's altruism __________.A. is similar to that of beesB. may contain an element of self-interestC. is part of a group feeding systemD. is not a mutual-aid system2.Worker beeswork hard looking for food for 2 or 3 weeks, __________. A.and then die, leaving no offspringB. and then feed their offspringC. but die before feeding their offspringD. and then produce their offspring3.Chimpanzees who don't do their share of grooming are __________ by the group.A.criticizedB.acceptedC.exchangedD.rejected4.Male lions will cooperate in groups comprising __________. A.brothersB. brothers and sistersC. brothers and sisters and daughtersD. brothers and sisters and daughters and aunts5.Which of the following animals are being discussed in the conversation?A.bees,dogs, and lionsB.bees,chimpanzees, and fishC.bees,chimpanzees, and lions.D.chimpanzees , lions, and dogsPart 2. Questions 6-15 are based on this part. (10 points)You are going to listen to part of a lecture. As you listen, fill in the blanks with words from the lecture to complete the sentences that summarize the main points of the lecture. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Note: Each blank requires only ONE word.People communicate with one another all the time. Culture is regarded at the __6___ of communication challenges and it influences how people __7___ problems and participate in groups and in ___8___.One definition of culture given in the lecture is that "Culture refers to a group with which we share common experiences that __9___ how we understand the world."In the complex world, culture is one of the factors that act upon people. Anthropologists Keven Avruch and Peter Black explained that "culture provides the lens through which we view the world; the __10___ by which we order it; the _11___ by which the world makes sense."Since people coming from different cultural groups need to work together, cultural values sometimes __12___ and misunderstanding arises.The speaker mentioned six patterns of cultural differences which include: different communication styles, attitudes toward conflict, approaches to ___13____ tasks, decision making styles, attitudes toward __14___, and approaches to knowing.When talking about communication style, the speaker introduced two aspects: verbal and non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, __15___, seating arrangements, personal distance, and senseof time.This is the end of the Listening Test.Section II Communicative Competence[30 points]Questions 16-30: Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.16. Which of the following statements is TRUE of collectivism? __________A. Collectivist cultures are described as "I" cultures.B. Members of collectivist cultures value open discussion of disagreement.C. Uniformity and conformity are stressedin collectivist cultures.D. Collectivists tend to draw attention to themselves and expressunique opinions.17.Just now I suddenly realized that I was totally to blame. I'll just have to face the music. The underlined part here means __________.A.to go to a concert and forget anything else by enjoying the musicB.to relax oneself by listening to the music aloneD. to go to seethe person who is in charge and ask what has gone wrong18. Which of the following statements is NOT true? __________A.Individualism can be traced to the philosophy of liberalism.B.The basic social unit in collectivist cultures is the autonomous self.C. Eastern collectivism is tied to Confucianism.D. Culture shock may occur at the individualist-collectivist divide, but the gap can be bridged.19. Bob is great! He always plays the game. The underlined part has the same meaning as__________.A.takes something as a game without caring too muchB.plays various gamesC.helps others when playing gamesD.behavesin a fair and honorable way20. Which of the following first names is shortened as "Bob"? __________A.RobertB.WilliamC.AlexanderD.Peter21. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the roots of English names? __________A."Forester" came from personal characteristics.B."Young" came from occupations.C."O'Patrick" came from family relationships.D. "Butler" came from places.22.If you received an English invitation to a formal western banquet but could not attend it, what would be an appropriate action? __________A. Ask a friend to attend the banquet for you.B. Ask a colleague to phone a refusal.C. Accept the invitation but then not attend.D. Write a reply informing the host/hostessthat you could not attend the banquet.23.Your American colleague has just had her hair dyed green. She is expecting your comment. What would you say appropriately? __________A. "Your hair is as green as tree leaves."24.Your classmate from Britain would like to borrow your computer this weekend. Unfortunately, you need to use it at the same time. How would you refuse the request politely? __________A. "Well, why don't you borrow one from someone else?"B. "Sorry, I cannot lend it to you."C. "Yes, but you need to give it back to me as soon as possible."D. "I'd love to, but I'm afraid I've got a lot of things to type up as well."25. Trying to explain rock music to your grandfather is just like dui niu tan qin ( 对牛弹琴)-playing violin to a bull. The corresponding English expression is __________. A.casting pearls before swineB. casting diamonds to a dogC. throwing pearls to a pigD. throwing diamonds to a goat26. Which of the following statements is TRUE of non-verbal communication? __________A. Non-verbal communication serves a variety of purposes.B. Non-verbal communication is less important than verbal communication.C. Since non-verbal communication is hard to interpret, it is important to reduce it to the minimum in cross-cultural communication.D. Non-verbal communication is not effective without verbal communication.27.The idiom "by the skin of one's teeth" means __________.A. very thinB. hard and flexibleC. only justD. one'ssenseof right and wrong28.What does the ring gesture (you form an "O" by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb) mean in Britain? __________A.Something is expensive.B.Something is good.C.Something is worthless.D.I will kill you.29. Which of the following statements is NOT true? __________A. Proxemics is the study governing how closely one person standsto another.B. All cultures draw lines between appropriate and inappropriate social distance for different relationships.C. Social distance has a wider range than public distance.D. The appropriateness of physical contact varies between cultures.30.If someone is said to be "economical with the truth", he/she __________A. has saveda lot of moneyB.does not tell the whole truthC. usesvery few wordsD. has recently diedSection III Reading Comprehension[30 points]Part 1. Questions 31- 35 are based on Passage1. (10 points)A handshake will be an acceptable greeting around the world. However, the strength, length, and duration of a handshake will vary by culture. Of course, Japanesewill still bow to each other and it is advisable for foreign visitors to bow slightly when shaking hands. Mexicans who know eachother will hug and East Europeans may kiss. In many European countries it is common to shake hands with everyone in the room before and after each businessmeeting.Business card exchanges are an important part of any international business meeting. Variations include where to keep your cards, which languages the card should be in, and what to do with the business card once you have received it. One rule to follow: Always bring five times more cards than you think you will need. To explore the nuances of business card exchange, we will examine the exchange as carried out by an American in Japan.First, the cards should be in English on one side and Japanese on the other. The Japanese side should have a logo or other marker. It is important that the company and title be prominently positioned. The cards should be kept in a card holder in the vest or jacket. Never keep the cards in a wallet or a pocketbook. The presentation of the card is done at the beginning of the meeting.Cards are presented with the giver's name (Japanese side) facing the recipient. The card can be delivered by one or preferably two hands accompanied by a slight bow. On receipt of a card, it should be studied carefully to determine the status of the person. Since meetings usually involve more than one person, each card received should be placed on the table, like an open deck of cards, in front of the recipient so that the executive can tell who he or she is speaking with. The recipient should avoid shuffling the cards, placing them in one's wallet, or writing on them in the presence of the giver. The business card is the symbolic embodiment of the organization; therefore it should be treated with the utmost respect.As a general rule, use people's titles on international business assignments. Learn the appropriate titles for each country. People with Ph.D.s should always be referred to as 'Doctor'. In many countries, people will be referred to by their titles only. For example, "Chief Engineer, can you tell us how this operation works?" The use of first names in business also varies by country and age. Be alert to these differences.Questions 31-35: Decide whether the following statements are true, false, or not mentioned according to the passage. Write T for "true", F for "false", and NM for "not mentioned" on the Answer Sheet._______31. Generally speaking, in Europe you should shake hands with everybody at the beginning and the end of a meeting._______32. You should always take at least five more business cards than you expect to need on your business trips._______33. In Japan, the person's status should be clearly given on the card._______34. It is acceptable for an American to note something down on a Japanesebusiness cardto remind him of the person who gave it to him._______35. The Japanesebusiness card is more than just a reminder of who the person is. It also representsthe company he works for.Part 2. Questions 36-40 are based on Passage2. (10 points)Passage2In an effort to get over culture shock, there is value in knowing something about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual. In addition to living in a physical environment, an individual lives in a cultural environment consisting of manmade physical objects, social institutions, ideas and beliefs.An individual is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it. There is nothing in a newborn child which dictates that it should eventually speak Portuguese, English, or French, nor that it should eat with a fork in its left hand rather than in the right, or use chopsticks. All these things the child has to learn. Nor are the parents responsible for the culture which theytransmit to their young. The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are, as far as the individual is concerned, beyond his/her awareness. It is by means of culture that the young learn to adapt themselves to the physical environment and to the people with whom they associate.As we know, children and adolescents often experience difficulties in this process of learning and adjustment. But once learned, culture becomes a way of life, the sure, familiar, largely automatic way of getting what you want from your environment and as such it also becomes a value.People have a way of accepting their culture as both the best and the only way of doing things. This is perfectly normal and understandable. To this attitude we give the name ethnocentrism, a belief that not only the culture but the race and nation form the center of the world.Individuals identify themselves with their own group and its ways to the extent that any critical comment is taken as an affront to the individual as well as to the group. If you criticize my country, you are criticizing me. If you criticize me, you are criticizing my country.Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics. For instance, if an American does something odd or antisocial in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act, it is now considered a national trait.Instead of being censured as an individual, his country is censured. It is best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a characteristic of national groups. If a person criticizes some aspect of one's ownculture, one should listen but not enter into criticisms.Questions 36-40: Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.36. According to the passage,which of the following choices is NOT mentioned as an element in acultural environment?A.social institutionsB.beliefsC.historyD.physical objects37. What is the writer's stand about culture?A. Parentsare responsible for transmitting culture to their children.B. Children are born with culture.C. Culture needs to be taught to young people.D. Culture builds up over time and guides young people to adjust to environment.38.According to the passage, what is NOT suggested by the writer as a symptom of ethnocentrism?A. Regarding cultures containing similar values as the best cultures.B. Regarding home culture is superior to other cultures.39. What is the writer's attitude towards ethnocentrism in the article?A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.indifferent40.What does the word "censure" mean in the article?A. praiseB. criticizeC. evaluateD. judgePart 3. Questions 41- 45 are based on Passage3. (10 points)Passage3The Chinese make a clear distinction between insiders and outsiders, and this distinction exists on all levels of interpersonal interaction. Insiders consist of people from two categories: automatic and selected. Automatic insiders include one's parents, siblings, relatives, colleagues, andclassmates, whereas selected ones are special relations that one has developed over time at workor elsewhere. For example, a person is considered an insider at work after he or she has developeda special relationship by helping others and sharing information with others. The five common criteria of an insider are nice, trustworthy, caring, helpful, and empathetic.The distinction between an insider and an outsider provides specific rules of interaction in Chinese interpersonal relationships. Insiders often are treated differently from outsiders, and a person with insider status often enjoys privileges and special treatment beyond an outsider's comprehension. To illustrate, a Chinese person may go beyond his or her means to help an insider, but an outsider has to follow the rules. The insider-outsider distinction also involves moral implications. In the Chinese culture, moral judgments are not only cognitively but affectively based. Moral standstendto vary from one relationship to another.Family-centered "insider" relationships have two important implications for relationshipdevelopment with strangers. First, as King and Bond argue, the importance of family and the sense of dependency built up in the Chinese family system make it difficult to develop personal relationships with strangers. In the Chinese culture, the transformation from a wai ren (outsider) to a zi ji ren (insider) involves an arduous and time-consuming process, because personal relationships often take a long time to develop. After relationships have been established, however, they tend to stay very solid. As a result, in order to overcome the inherent difficulty in relationship development, intermediaries are widely used for social relationship construction. Second, the Chinese and other collectivistic cultures tend to be particularistic in their utilization of value standards toward in-groups and out-groups. This particularistic principle of interpersonal relationships hinders interactions with outsiders becausevalue standards applied to in-groups may not be readily adapted to out-groups, and most Chinese don't feel knowledgeable about dealing with outsiders.Questions 41-45: Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.41.According to the author, what are the five common criteria of an insider?42.How do automatic insiders differ from selected ones?43. What example does the author give to show that insiders are treated differently from outsiders?44. According to the author, what makes it difficult for a Chinese person to develop a personal relationship with a stranger?45. What might be an appropriate title for this passage?Section IV Communication Analysis[20 points]The following are two cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding. Your analysis should be about 100 words for each case. You may organize your analysis in accordance with the following procedure: why did the people involved behave so from the cultural perspective? What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case?What corrective behaviors do you suggestto each party in the case?Note: Your writing ability will be assessed.Case 1 (10 points)Li Hong is a new teacher in a middle school. One day, one of her Chinese colleague Yang Zhen introduces her to their middle-aged foreign teacher Maggy.Yang: Li Hong, this is Maggy, our English teacher from America. And Maggy, this is Li Hong, ournew colleague.Li and Maggy: How do you do?Maggy: Your sweateris so smart.Li: Oh, it is only an old one, I bought it last year.Maggy: You are so young and smart, I am sure you are a good teacher.Li: No, no. I am just a newcomer, I should learn from you old teachers.Maggy looks surprised and thinks, "I am really so old?"Question 46: Why did Li and Maggy behave so from the cultural perspective? What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case? What corrective behaviors do you suggest to Li and Maggy to avoid miscommunication?Case 2 (10 points)Li has returned to China after a year in the States. He marries his childhood sweetheart, who has never traveled and speaks very little English. Li's best friend in the States, Bob, comes to visit China for the first time and is introduced to Wang Lan, the new wife of his best friend."Gee, it's great to meet you", says Bob, "Li talked about you all the time back in Houston!" , and kisses Wang Lan heartily on both cheeks. Wang Lan is shocked.Question 47: Why did Bob and Wang Lan behave so from the cultural perspective? What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case? What corrective behaviors do you suggest to Bob and Wang Lan to avoid miscommunication?《跨文化社交》考试参照答案[20 points]Section I Listening TestPart 1. (10 points, 2 points each.)Part 2. (10 points, 1 point each. 0.5 point off for each misspelling.)6.root7.approachmunities9.shape10.logic11.grammar12.conflictpleting14.disclosure15.gesturesSection II Communicative Competence [30 points](30 points, 2 points each.)16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. A21. C 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. A26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. BSection III Reading Comprehension [30 points]31.T32.F33.NM34.F35.TPart 2. (10 points. Award 2 points to each correct answer.)36. C37.D38.A39.C40.BPart 3. (10 points) Award 2 points to each correct answer.41.The five common criteria of an insider are nice, trustworthy, caring, helpful, and empathetic.42.Automatic insiders include one's parents, siblings, relatives, colleagues, and classmates, whereas selected ones are special relations that one has developed over time at work or elsewhere.43.A Chinese person may go beyond his or her means to help an insider, but an outsider has to follow the rules.44. The importance of family and the sense of dependency built up in the Chinese family system (or value standardsapplied to in-groups may not be readily adaptedto out-groups).45.In-Groups and Out-Groups in China; Interpersonal Relations in China; Relating Foreigners in China, etc.Section IV Communication Analysis[30 points]The sample answers given in this part are more detailed than required in order to lead you through the three steps.In the examination, the students' analysis for each caseshould be about 100 words. Question 46.Case 1 (10 points, 1 point for overall language quality.)1.Li Hong comes from a collectivist culture which emphasizes deference paid to people older than self and modesty displayed on the part of the young. Maggy comes from an individualistic culture which values assertivenessand free expression of feelings. (2 points)2.As a young and new teacher, Li Hong showed her respect to Maggy with a formal greeting. When Maggy complimented Li on her sweater and herself, Li reacted in a typical Chinese way by overusing modesty in front of a teacher older than her. She displayed her humbleness by saying that her sweater was an old one and she should learn from Maggy, an old teacher. Li's responsesare perfect between Chinese people but terrible in cross-cultural situations like this. She did not realize that her expression of respect could be translated into offence since individualistic cultures do not associate as much deference with age as collectivistic cultures do. Therefore, Maggy, coming from an individualistic culture, was surprised when Li called her "old teacher". Maggy did not understand that the word "old" here meant as a compliment, meaning that she had richer teaching experience. Both Li Hong and Maggy communicated only from their cultural perspectives and thus caused miscommunication. (3 points)3.To avoid miscommunication, Li Hong and Maggy should learn more about each other's culture and adjust their behaviors accordingly. When Maggy complimented Li on her sweater and herself, Li could simply reply "thank you". She could use her non-verbal language to show her respect to Maggy, for instance, with a smile, a handshake, etc. (2 points) As to Maggy, she could use fewer complimentary words or more objective questions to reduce Li's nervousness. She should also understand that one of the key values in collectivism is deference paid to experience and old age. (2 points)Question 47.Case 2 (10 points, 1 point for overall language quality.)1. Bob comes from an individualistic culture which features close body contact among personal relationships. Wang Lan comes from a collectivistic culture which does not feature open display of personal feelings through body contact. (2 points)2.In the case, Bob treated Wang Lan as a close friend and greeted her in a typical western way with hearty kisses on her cheeks to display the close friendship. However, with little knowledge of western greeting etiquette, Wang Lan was shocked since Bob's "rude" behavior was not in line with the Chinese ways of expressing close friendship. In Chinese culture, a hearty handshake willserve the purpose. It is the contrast of Bob's open expression of closeness through close body contact and Wang Lan's indirectness in expressing her feelings that caused miscommunication. (3 points)3.To avoid miscommunication, Bob and Wang Lan need to learn more about each other's culture and adjust their behaviors accordingly. Bob should ask Wang Lan if he could kiss her to express his friendship or he could shake hands with Wang Lan instead. (2 points) Wang Lan needs to understand that the kisses were well meant and does not have to feel embarrassedor shocked. She could act more actively by extending her hand out first for a handshake rather than behave passively.(2 points)。

中央广播电视大学2003--2004学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试英语专业跨文化交际试题注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。

考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。

试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。

二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。

答案一定要写在答题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。

三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。

Information for the Examinees：This examination consists of FOUR sections. These are：Section I：Listening(20 points, 30 minutes)Section II：Language Appropriacy and Accuracy(30 points, 20minutes)Sectionlll：Reading Comprehension(20 points, 30 minutes)Section lV：Communication Analysis(30 points, 40 minutes)The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Timeallowed for competing this examination is 2 hours(1 20 minutes)allowed for completing this examination is hours (120 minutes).Section I：Listening [20 points]Instructions：Part 1：Questions 1-5 are based on this part . (10 points)You are going to listen to an interview. Then choose the best answer from A, B, C and D to answer each question . Write your answers on the Answer Sheet1. Concerning the issue of maternity, what ideas prevail among Chinese women?A . The modern concept .B . The traditional concept .C . The responsibility to the society. ’D The responsibility to the family2. According to the passage, raising children ----- .A is an unbearable burden to womenB . is a significant part of a woman' s lifeC . is the permanent task of womenD is the task 0f both a man and a woman3. Giving birth.A . brings great pleasure to womenB . differs men from women physically and spirituallyC . makes the women' s life completeD all the above4. Those oppose giving birth think that _______ .A giving birth is something rather primitiveB.women do not need to follow their mothers' ideasC.they are not educated and influenced to live with maternityD.giving birth is necessary for women5. According to the passage, which statement is true9.A.City dwellers have children to take care of them when they get 01c LB.Rural dwellers have children to give them emotional comfort.C.City dwellers have children to give them emotional comfort.D.Rural dwellers have children only to ensure the bloodline.Part 2：Questions 6-15 are based on this part. (10 points)You are going to listen to a lecture on celebrating diversity As you listen, fill in the blanks to complete Sentences 6—1 5 .Note：Only one word is necessary for each blank.6. Diversity ---- o ur lives .7. Cultural diversity brings together the resources and talents of many people for the benefit of all .8. Yet consider how ---- life would be if we all looked alike, thought alike, and acted alike!9. Together we can overcome ______ and intolerance and work towards a more peaceful andproductive world10. People may fear diversity simply because they are ________ to the way things used to beand change makes t hem uncomfortable11. Others may somehow feel ______ . because they perceive increased participation bytraditionally underrepresented groups in the workplace12. Education universalizes the human.13. The word university is to this idea .14. I believe that the ______ i s also true：if you lose a language, you lose a world .15. We can cross ______ a nd feel comfortable in other worlds .This is the end of the Listening TestSection II：Language Appropriacy and Accuracy [30 points]Instructions：There are altogether 1 5 statements below You are offered four choices marked withA,B,C,and D for each statement Choose the most appropriate one and write it on the Answer Sheet 16. Maybe it's asking too much Of you to follow the idea of 'love me love my dog’, but at least you should tolerate my love for jazz .A 10ve my dog as much as loving meB 10ve everything about me because you love meC . tolerate my love for jazz music like your tolerating my dogD . 10ve jazz music the same as you love my dog17. What a fabulous car- I'l very jealous.A . red with envyB blue with envyC green with envyD white with envy18. As a man with plenty of guts , he is the person who is expected to bring success to this company which is on the verge of bankruptcyA the great white hopeB the great red hopeC the great green hopeD the great black hope1 9 . He is always shooting his mouth off about how many VIPs he knows.A boastingB imagingC.telling lies aboutD.denying20.I’ m not surprised at the downfall of the President because of the promises he made before hecame into office turned out to be plans that are unlikely to be fulfilledA.Dutch courageB.fl piece of cakeC.the salt of the earthD.castles in the air21.These days Mr.. Smith looks anxious and restless. What happened?I heard his wife was in the family way this month.A. badly sickB．deadC．dyingD．pregnant22.“Well, “ said the Master, “if you won ' t listen to what I say , I refuse to be responsible for you and your examination chances.A. zip my lips ofB.wash hands ofC.1ick my boots ofD.sit at my feet of23.She is always hiding her light under a bushel when it comes to giving US her ideas. A．keeping ideas to herselfB．1eaving the office with her ideasC．telling everyone her bright ideasD. agreeing with others 'ideas24.It' s not easy to organize such a party, as everyone has his own likes and dislikes.A．every dog has his dayB．every tide has its ebbC．a clear conscience is a sure cardD. one man' s meat is another' s poison.25.When Greeks meet, then comes the tug of war.A.If too many people try to do, the same thing at the same time chaos will reign.B.Empty—headed persons are always the most talkative and noisy.C.There must be something better after every piece of unpleasantness.D.When two adversaries are of equal strength of character, the contest of wills is certain to be long and hard—fought.26.Which of the following statements are true of collectivist culture?A.Disclosure of private feeling is distasteful.B.People are suspicious of outsiders.C.Uniformity is not highly thought of.D.There is a positive attitude about words of disagreement27.. I can' t stand listening to jazz . It' s just ___ .A a storm in a tea cupB not my cup of teaC not for all the tea in ChinaD a cuppa28.. Which one in the following expressions is Not True?A . as wise as a fox . ’B as happy as a larkC as strong as a horseD as stupid as a goose29.Xiao wang was trying his best to explain the Chinese proverb "驴唇不对马嘴”to hisAmerican friend Bob. What he means is _________ .A.the donkey' s lip is not suitable to the horse' s mouthB.1eft right outC．out of left fieldD.1eft way out30.The 'ring' gesture is an insult in ________ .A.FranceB.the U. S. A.C.South AmericaD．TunisiaSectionlll：Reading Comprehension [20 points]Part 1：Questions 3 1-35 are based on this part. (10 points)Read Passage 1 and then answer Questions 3 1 ---------- 35 briefly. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet．Passage 1Proxemics is the Study of what governs how closely one person stands to another. People who feel close will be close, though the actual distances will vary between cultures. For Americans we can discern four main categories of distance：intimate, personal, social and public . Intimate distance ranges from direct Contact to about 45 centimeters. Beyond this comes personal stance. . This stands at between 45 and 80 Centimeters , It is the most usual distance maintained for conversations between friends and relatives o Social distance coversPeople who work together or are meeting at social gatherings Distances here tend to be kept between 1 . 3 to 2 meters . Beyond this comes Public distance, much as that between a lecturer and his audienceAll Cultures draw lines between what is an appropriate and what ills an inappropriate Social o t distance for different types of realty o unship They differ,however,in where they draw these lines . Look at an international reception with representatives from the U S. and Arabic countries, conversing and you will see the American pirouetting backward surround the hall pursued by their Arab partners The Americans wilt be trying to keep a distance between themselves and their partners—which they have grown used to and regard as "normal”. They probably will not even notice themselves trying to adjust the distance between themselves and their Arab partners whom they regard as being a bit” pushy". The Arabs, On the Other hand, coming from a cherisher, e much closer distance is the norm, may feel that the Americans are a little 'stand-offish' . Finding themselves happier standing close to and even touching those they are in conversation With,they will relentlessly pursue the Americans round the room trying to close the distance between themThe appropriateness of physical contact varies between different cultures 0ne study 0f the number of times people converse in coffee shops over a one—hour period showed the following interesting variations：London, 0；Florida, 2；Paris, 10；and Puerto Rico 18b . Not only does it vary between societies, however, it also varies between different sub——cult rues within one society . Young people in Britain, for example, are more likely to touch and hug friends than the older generation This may be partly a matter of growing older,but it also reflects the fact that the older generation grew up at fl time when touching was less common for all age groups Forty years ago,for example,footballers would never hug and kiss one another on the field after a goal as they do today31.. What are the four main categories of distance for Americans?32.. How far apart should people who work together stand when communicating with each other?33.Why are Americans trying to adjust the distance between themselves and their Arabpartners?34.Why do Arabs feel that Americans are being 'stand—offish’ ?35.When conversing, do the English and Americans touch each other more than the French? Part2：Questions 3 6-40 are based on this part. (1 0 points)Read Passage 2 and then decide whether Statements 36 —40 are True or False according to the information given in the passage. Write ”T" for true and "F" for false on the Answer Sheet.Passage 2Nobody actually wants to cause offence but, as business becomes even more international, it is increasingly easy to get it wrong. There may be a single European market but it does not mean that managers behave the same in Greece as they do in Denmark.In many European countries handshaking is an automatic gesture. In France good manners require that on arriving at a business meeting a manager shakes hands with everyone present. Handshaking is almost as popular in other countries, including Germany, Belgium and Italy. But Northern Europeans, such as the British and Scandinavians, are not quite so fond of physical demonstrations of friendliness.In Europe the most common challenge is not the content of the food,but the way you behave as you eat .In France it is not good manners to raise tricky questions of business over the main course. Business has its place：after the cheese course. Unless you are prepared to eat in silence you have to talk about something ----------------------------------------------- s omething, that is, other than the business deal,which you are continually chewing over in your head.Italians give similar importance to the whole process of business entertaining.In fact, in Italy the biggest fear,as course after course appears,is that you entirely forget you are there on business. If you have the energy , you can always do the polite thing when the meal finally ends, and offer to pay. Then, after a lively discussion, you must remember the next polite thing to do—let your host pick up the bill.The Germans are notable for the amount of formality they bring to business.As a1) outsider,it is often difficult to know whether colleagues have been working together for 30 years or have just met for the first time in their life . 1f you are used to calling people by their first names this can be a little strange．To the Germans,titles are important．Forgetting that someone should be called Herr Doctor or Frau Directory might cause serious offence．It is equally offensive to call them by a title they do not possess．In Italy the question of title is further confused by the fact that everyone with a university degree can be called Nott ore and engineers,lawyers and architects may also expect to be called by their professional titles．These cultural challenges exist side by side with the problems of doing business in a foreign language. Language, of course, is full of difficulties ----------------- disaster may be only asyllable away．But the more you know of the culture of the country you are dealing with,the less likely you are to get into difficulties．It is worth the effort．It might be rather hard to explain that the reason you lost the contract was not the product or the price,but the fact that You offended your hosts in a light-hearted comment over an aperitif Good manners are admired：they can also make or break the deal．36．People in Britain shake hands just as much as people in Germany．37.In France people prefer talking about business during meals.38.It is not polite to insist on paying for a meal if you are in Italy.39.German business people don' t like to be called by their titles. 40．Italian professionals areusually addressed by their titles．Section IV：Communication Analysis [30 points]Instructions：The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication．In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon．Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding in each case by answering Questions4 l - 43 respectively. Your analysis of each case should be about l00 —l 50 words. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Note! Your writing ability will also be assessed in this section of the testCase 1(7 points)I have an American friend. I have invited him several times, and at long last he invited me to his home one day. He told me to get there at 3 pm. I thought we could chat and have a meal together. I gave him a Chinese calendar, a woman' s scarf and a bottle of Chinese white wine. He only took out a dish of nuts, a plate of bread and a bottle of wine. After two hours chat, I found there was no hint of a meal and said good —bye to him. He only gave me a box of chocolate as a present for the New Year After I got home, I found the box had already been opened. I was Very surprised.Question 4 1：What surprised me?Case 2(10 points)Lin had traveled 20 hours from Beijing to New York He needed a good meal. His American friend, Mike, met him. But Mike only offered him a plate of roasted chicken and a glass of orange juice. Lin was used to having a main course, and asked Mike if he had any rice. Mike said he only had fried noodles, and Lin had to make do with it. Though Lin knew Americans didn' t care very much about what food they ate, he still felt surprised because he had taken Mike to the most famous duck restaurant in Beijing -------------------------------------------------------- Q uanjude ------ when he arrived in Beijing．Question 42：Why did Lin feel surprised? Offer some advice to him about adjusting to his new environment in America．Case 3(13 points)When Zhang Tao traveled in America , he lived in the home of his American friend , Bill．0nce after he had traveled back,he found Bill was in a bad mood．When he asked what the problem was,Bill told Zhang Tao that his son Adam got furious about the noise Zhang made when walking upstairs and also because he was using too much water in the solar powered shower and Adam had to have his shower in cold water．Bill told Zhang Tao that he should walk more softly in future,and have a fast shower to save water．Zhang Tao felt uneasy．How could the host set such rules for his guest!Question 43：Why did Zhang Tao feel uneasy?试卷代号：1028中央广播电视大学2003--2004学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试英语专业跨文化交际试题答案及评分标准(供参考)2004年7月Section I：Listening [Bo points] Part 1. (10 points, 2 points each.)1. B2. B3. D4. A5. CPart 2. (10 points, 1 point each. The exact words are required.)6. enriches7．shared8．dull9. prejudice10．accustomed11 ．threatened12．spirit13．related14．reverse1 5．boundariesSection II：Language Appropriacy and Accuracy [30 points'](30 points,2 points each．)16.B 17.C 18.A 19.A 20.D21.D 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.D26.B 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CSectionlll：Reading Comprehension [20 points]Part 1. (10 points, 2 points each. 0. 5 point off for each grammar/ spelling mistake, but at most 1 point can be deducted for each item for the grammar / spelling mistakes. The exact wording is not required, but the meaning must be the same.)3.1. Intimate, personal, social and public.32.Between 1. 3 and 2 meters.33.Because they are trying to follow their own standards about the appropriate distance to maintain．34.Because in the Arabian culture, standing very close is the norm.35.N0.Part 2．(10 points,2 points each．)36. F 37. F 38. T 39. F 40. TSection W：Communication Analysis [30 points]Question 41.Case 1(7 points,5 points for the analysis,2 points for overall language quality．)1)In China,a visit to home always includes a meal．And the guest always brings a relatively richpresent to the host．And the present should be well wrapped or untouched．2)In the west,a visit to home only means a meeting,not necessarily including a meal．And thepresent is treated not as importantly as it is in China．3)I acted in a way that was based on Chinese customs,So I felt the American way was veryinteresting(unusual)．Question 42．Case 2(1 0 points,8 points for the analysis,2 points for overall language quality．) 1)On the topic of hospitality, the Chinese stress is on warmth and demonstrating friendship.They take the guest to a famous or luxurious restaurant to have a very good (expensive) meal to show their hospitality．And the Chinese are used to having a big meal．The more dishes they put out, the greater the warmth and friendship they show , 2)In western countries,people stress on freedom．They give the guest great freedom to choose their own foods．And westerners tend to have only one main course and some juice or dessert, which is viewed as casual in the eyes of the Chinese. [Note ! If the student answers that Western people have only three courses, this is also correct!]3)Lin lived in American surroundings and should have adjusted himself quickly to the newworld(1ifestyle). He should have known the custom there first, and felt more at ease in Mike' s home.Question 43．Case 3(13 points, 11 points for the analysis, 2 points for overall language quality ,) 1)In China, when people host someone, they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality．They try to take care of the guest,and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease．2)In America,people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually,naturally and truthfully．3)Zhang Tao knew he was a guest, and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality．He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him4)Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings he should have known about the customs there sooner.。

《跨文化交际》试题（附答案）Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical pianoconcert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened several times during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.Paper 2 VocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some that needed explanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people's relationships in China.8. "Mike! Meet Jane, the ."9. "Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know."10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting other people by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially the system of which all members of the group are expected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received the news that her husband had left her for another woman.13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations. Paper 3 TranslationTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write your translation on the answer sheet.What do we mean by "Intercultural Communications" or "IC"? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called "cross-cultural communications" or "comparative culture" , scholars most often use the prefix "inter" with the word "cultural" to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek to understand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing cultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication. Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role. Takethe word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and 'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/ rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to ask questions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?' Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as 'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer’. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those words where the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as 'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that 'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postman been?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here 'postma n’ remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English! Answer the following questions according to the above text:15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word 'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is given?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers."We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity," said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment advice and products. " While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. "I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stock selection," said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to which earnings have surprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems as marketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-ScouterMark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) according to the information provided in the text.Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'Value Line'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.答案及评分标准Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: Vocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。