《翻译理论与实践（笔译）》期末复习辅导
一、要求掌握的主要知识点：
1. 中国翻译史
要求了解中国古代、近代和现代的翻译界代表人物，着重了解他们的翻译活动和翻译思想。
主要人物有：
玄奘，徐光启（古代）；
严复，林纾，马建忠（近代）；
鲁迅，傅雷，朱生豪，梁实秋等（现代）。
2. 翻译的标准
要求了解著名翻译（理论）家关于“翻译标准”的论述。主要有：
严复的“信、达、雅”理论；
鲁迅的有关论述；
傅雷的“神似”说；
钱钟书的“化境”说。
不符合翻译标准的几种情况：理解不当，漏译，“宁顺而不信”，表达不当，“欧式”句子，文体不对应。
3. 翻译的过程
理解的三个主要方面：语言现象，逻辑关系，文化内涵。
表达的两个基本方法：直译，意译。
4. 英汉语言对比
从五个方面了解两种语言的相异之处：
形合与意合，被动与主动，物称与人称，静态与动态，替代与重复。
5. 文化与翻译
四个方面的文化差异：历史，地域，习俗，宗教。
处理文化差异的五种翻译方法：直译，代换，增词，意译，注释。
6. 文体与翻译
两个基本概念：varieties, register
四种不同的专业文体（广告英语，新闻英语，科技英语，法律英语）的语言特点
Halliday 的“构成语境三要素”
Martin Joos 的“语言正规程度的五级分类法”
如何区分同义词的正规程度
显示语言正规程度的“语域标志”
7. 翻译方法和技巧
六种主要方法：词类转译，增词，省略，重复，反译，长句拆译。
8. 处理习语的英译汉方法
主要有三种翻译方法：1）直译法。2）汉语同义习语的套用法。3）意译法。
二、考试题型和模拟题
1. 选择题：10题，每题2分，共20分。
2. 问答题：2题，每题15分，共30分。
3. 段落翻译（英译汉）：1段，共50分。
选择题（在四个选项中选择一个正确答案）：
1. 明朝末年的翻译家徐光启主要从事---C---的翻译。
A. 佛教经典
B. 文学作品
C. 科技著作
D. 哲学著作
2. 《马氏文通》的作者马建忠提出了“---A---”的翻译观点。
A. 善译
B. 化境
C. 神似
D. 信、达、雅
3. 出版后即风靡海内的《巴黎茶花女遗事》是--B----的译作。
A．严复 B. 林纾
C. 林语堂
D. 梁实秋
4.“意译”是指译文从意义出发，要求将原文的意义正确表达出来，不必拘泥于--D----的形式。
A. 词句
B. 词句和比喻
C. 各种修辞手段
D. 词、句、以及各种修辞手段
5. 英国语言学家M.A.K.Halliday提出的构成语境三要素中，tenors of discourse指---C------。
A.交际所涉及的题材内容
B. 书面语和口头语
C. 交际双方的年龄、性别、职业、地位和相互关系
D. 交际环境
6. --A----翻译了莎士比亚的全部戏剧作品。
A. 朱生豪
B. 卞之琳
C. 梁实秋
D. 林语堂
7.下列四个语言特点中，----B--不是广告英语的特点。
A. 多祈使句
B. 多后置定语
C. 多新词汇
D. 多常用词汇
8. 鲁迅曾提出过“-------B--------”的翻译观点。
A. 宁顺而不信
B. 宁信而不顺
C. 与其信而不顺，不如顺而不信
D. 忠实、通顺、得体
9. 在下列四组特点中，---D---组符合英语语言的实际情况。
A. 重意合，多主动结构，多动态词，多重复，多生物词作主语
B.重形合，多主动结构，多动态词，多替代，多物称词作主语
C.重意合，多被动结构，多静态词，多重复，多生物词作主语
D.重形合，多被动结构，多静态词，多替代，多物称词作主语
10. 下列四种语言特点，----B----不符合英语语言的实际情况。
A. 重形合
B. 多动态词语
C. 多替代
D.多物称词作主语
11. ask, question, interrogate三个同义词中，ask 最普通，由此可以判定，它最有可能源自-C-----。
A. 法语
B. 拉丁语
C. 盎格鲁-撒克逊语
D. 希腊语
12. 名词化(nominalization)倾向是---C---的一个比较明显的语法特点。
A. 广告英语
B. 新闻英语
C. 科技英语
D. 文学英语
问答题：
1.为什么严复要在他的翻译标准中加上一个“雅”字？现在我们应该怎样理解这个
“雅”字？
2. .有人曾这样评价严复和林纾：If Yan Fu provoked the mind of the Chinese intelligentsia, Lin Shu touched their heart. 你如何理解这一评价？
段落翻译：（1）
Science finds order and meaning in our experience, and sets about this in quite a different way. It sets about it as Newton did in the story which he himself told in his old age, and of which the schoolbooks give only a caricature.
In the year 1665, when Newton was twenty-two, the plague broke out in southern England, and the University of Cambridge was closed. Newton therefore spent the next eighteen months at home, removed from traditional learning, at a time when he was impatient for knowledge and, in his own phrase, "I was in the prime of my age for invention." In this eager, boyish mood, sitting one day in the garden of his widowed mother, he saw an apple fall.
（2）If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 percent of the people were country inhabitants who drew their livelihood from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. An air photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by unsurfaced roads and separated by expanses of forest or swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed more than 10,000 persons. A second picture, taken in the mid-fourteenth century would show that the villages had grown more numerous and also more widespread, for Europeans had pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. There would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would reveal that little further expansion had taken place during the preceding hundred years.
(3) Between Air and Water
With all the special camera equipment you see here in this film laboratory, we're going onto the water. Quite literally: not over the water, nor under the water, we're going to be on the surface of the water. Extraordinary, fascinating things go on there-- in this world in between air and water.
To us, it's just a shining, reflecting surface where the air ends and the water begins.
To others, it's the world they live in: a boundary zone flooded with light, which is why they are countless green algae floating around here.These are snail's eggs.
The little snail's black eyes can already be seen peering out.
And when they eventually emerge and become adult snails, they swim to the surface of the water and graze there on the carpet of algae.
(4) They use their tongues to suck in the green food.
It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.
Floating policy is of great importance for export trade; it is, in fact, a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended, e.g. where the insured has to supply an overseas importer under an exclusive sales agreement or maintains sales representatives or subsidiary companies abroad.
(5) One of my favourite moments of the day is among the last -- the last conscious one, anyway. After several attempts at keeping my eyelids from fluttering closed and the book from
collapsing onto my chest, I know it really is time to go to sleep. I affectionately place the book on the bed beside me. We sleep together, me and my book, me and those characters, me and my mixed-up dreams.
Reading in bed seems to run in families. The last time my mother babysat for me, I got home to find the house dark except for two small lights. One came from my son's room, where I discovered the eight-year-old holed up under the covers with Goosebumps and a flashlight. At the other end of the house, my mother had already dozed off with her book.
1. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit. 译文：今天, 电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题, 这些问题与天气预报、把卫星送入轨道有关。 2. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading-room without permission 译文：本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。 3. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is the freshness of the deep springs of life. 译文：青春不是人生的一个阶段，而是一种心境。青春是生命深处的一泓清泉。 4. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media. 译文：因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态由于通信工具不足，就变得更加严重了。 5. You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time. 译文：骗人一夕一事易，欺众一生一世难。 6. Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp. 译文：应当始终注意保护这些精密仪器，不使其沾染灰尘，不让他们受潮。 7. The study found that non-smoking wives of men who smoke cigarettes face a much greater than normal danger of developing lung cancer．The more cigarettes smoked by the husband，the greater the threat faced by his non．smoking wife． 译文：这项研究表明，妻子不抽烟丈夫抽烟，妻子的肺癌的危险性比一般人大的多。丈夫抽的烟越多，妻子受到的威胁也就越大。 8. For the first time in the annals of space, a piloted ship had succeeded in launching an earth satellite. 译文：载人飞船成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星，这在航天史上尚属首次。 9. The first point about chores is that they are repetitive. They come every day or thereabouts, and once done they require after a certain time to be done again. 译文：家务事的第一个特点，是反反复复。几乎天天都有，而且做完之后，过一段时间又要重做一番。 10. With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.
浙江广播电视大学 英语专业(开放本科) 《翻译理论与实践》期末复习 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） 二、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共30分） 三、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 四、案例分析题（每小题10分，共10分） 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） 1.美国语言学家罗曼.雅各布森把翻译分成__________。 A. 语内翻译 B. 语际翻译 C. 符际翻译 D. 以上选项都正确 2. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_________。 A. dry goods：纺织品B．white goods：白色的货物 C．white wine：白葡萄酒D．toilet water：花露水 3. “This is a special offer and is not subject to our usual discounts” 请问下面哪个译文最合适？________。 A. 这是特殊报盘，不以我方通常折扣为条件。 B. 这是特惠报盘，我方通常折扣不适应于此盘。 C. 此系特惠报盘，不另加我方通常折扣。 D. 这是特殊报盘，不局限于我们通常折扣。 4．下面哪句话的描述是错误的？________。 A．美国著名翻译理论家奈达提出了“动态对等”原则。 B．“动态对等”原则是指，运用交际理论和信息论的原理，将焦点从传统的译文与原文两个文本的比较转移到两个过程的比较，使人们注意到影响信息接收的各种语言和文化因素。C．奈达曾将“动态对等”的提法改成了“功能对等”原则。 D．翻译求的是“形式对等”，而非”动态对等”。
5．_________提出了“美化之艺术，创优似竞赛”的翻译理念。 A．尤金.奈达B．泰特勒 C．许渊冲D．鲁迅 6. 下面哪个配对是错误的？_____。 A．赤脚医生：barefoot doctor B．纸老虎：paper tiger C．to show one’s cards：摊牌D．大海捞针：look for a needle in sea D B C D C D 7.哪句话的描述是正确的？______。 A. 严复提出的翻译是：重神似不重形似 B. 傅雷的翻译标准是：信、达、雅 C. 许渊冲的翻译标准是：美化之艺术，创优似竞赛 D. 泰特勒的翻译标准是：通顺 8. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_________。 A. dry State：实行禁酒的州B．white goods：白色的货物 C．dry white wine：涩白酒D．toilet water：花露水 9. 泰特勒(Tytler)提出的著名翻译原则是：_______。 A. 译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容。 B. 译文的风格、笔调应与原文的性质相同。 C. 译文应像原文一样流畅自然。 D. 以上选项都正确。 10．下面哪个选项是正确的？________。 A．bring down the house 翻译为：“推倒房子” B．pull up one's socks 翻译为：鼓起勇气 C．think a great deal of oneself 翻译为：“为自己想得很多” D．an apple of love 翻译为：“爱情之果” 11．A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper.下面哪个译文是最合适的？_____。A．一本书，紧紧合上，只是一叠纸。 B．一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠纸。 C．一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠废纸。 D．闲置之书只是一叠废纸。
第一章翻译概论 第一节中外翻译史简介 四、课练习 1. 东汉至唐宋时期。 2. 玄奘不仅译出了 75 部佛经，而且还把老子的部分著作译成梵文，成为第一个向国外介绍汉语著作的中国人。 3. 20 世纪初的“五四”新文化运动，开创了白话文学和白话翻译的新纪元，语言从文言正宗转为白话本位。五四运动前后，东西方各国的优秀文学作品，特别是俄国和苏联的作品开始被介绍进来，《共产党宣言》等一批马克思主义著作的译文就发表在“五四”时期，为中国后来的革命做了充分的理论和思想准备。 4. 圣经的翻译成为了西方翻译研究的重要源头之一。 5. 中外悠久的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验，借鉴吸收前人从实践中总结出的理论、方法，以便继续提高我们的翻译水平，为中外文化交流做出自己的贡献。 五、课后练习 （一）将下列段落译成中文： 一百年前的今天：一些海鸥；北卡罗来纳州杀魔山海岸警卫队的三个队员；救生站以及一些本地人，见证了威尔帕·莱特(Wilbur Wright)和奥维尔·莱特(Orville Wright)兄弟的第一次机动飞机飞行。 1903 年 12 月 17 日，莱特兄弟第一次用比空气重的飞行器进行了有动力的持续飞行。 1932 年， 90 英尺高的杀魔山顶立起了一座 60 英尺高的花岗岩纪念碑，用以纪念这两个来自俄亥俄州代顿市的梦想家。莱特兄弟来自于美国中部。他们有着天空般广阔的眼界，也有着十分务实的作风。1892 年，他们在俄亥俄州的代顿开创了自己的自行车企业：莱特自行车公司。虽然在当时世纪之交的美国，有着数不清的自行车公司，但只有一个在造轮子的同时造出了翅膀。当莱特兄弟在 1903 年最终着眼于动力载人飞行器，他们成功地使世界变小了…… （二）将下列段落译成英文： As Jia baoyu，Xue Baoqin，Xing youyan and Ping’er had birthdays on the same day，the young ladies held a hilarious drinking party in the hall of the peony garden for them. When it was Xiangyun’s turn to compose a verse amid a drinking game，she made fun of the maids by saying， holding a duck head in hand，“This ya tou （referring to the duck head in hand） is not that ya tou （referring to the maids around， as both are homophones in Chinese）， for this ya tou has applied no hair oil….” Everybody roared with laughter. Some maids protested， laughing，“You made fun of us， so you have to drink another cup. Let’s pour a full cup her….”As the party went on drinkers’ games continued with ceaseless laughter and people suddenly noticed that Xiangyun had disappeared. While they looked this way and that，a maid rushed in laughing，“ Young ladies. Hurry to have a look at the Lady Xiangyun. She’s sleeping on the stone bench over there.” The group tiptoed over，and sure enough，saw Xiangyun sleeping soundly. Fallen flowers scattered on her body，her hair and her face. Her fan had dropped on the ground aside. Bees danced in the air around her. Under her head was a make-shift pillow of peony flowers wrapped with
01A（3 人组）说翻译（下）材料 原文： 要以经济体制改革为重点，区别情况，分类推进，抓好牵一发而动全身的举措，力求取 得实质性进展，更多释放改革红利。 在全国实施工商登记制度改革，落实认缴登记制，由先证后照改为先照后证，由企业年 检制度改为年报公示制度，让市场主体不断迸发新的活力。（118 字） 译文： We will focus on economic structural reform, advance it on different fronts in a targeted way in light of different conditions, take key measures that will have an overall impact, strive to make substantive progress and reap more benefits from reform. We will reform the business registration system nationwide and carry out registration of subscribed capital. Issuing an operating permit before a license, which was the practice in the past, will be replaced with the practice of license first, operating permit second. Annual inspections of businesses will be replaced by annual reporting to incentivize market actors. 0 1B（3 人组）说翻译（下）材料 原文： 坚持放管并重，建立纵横联动协同管理机制，实现责任和权力同步下放、放活和监管同 步到位。 各级政府预算和决算都要向社会公开，部门预算要逐步公开到基本支出和项目支出，所有财政拨款的“三公”经费都要公开，打造阳光财政，让群众看明白、能监督。（115 字）译文： We will attach equal importance to both delegating power and strengthening oversight, establish a mechanism of coordinating management between government bodies at both the same and different levels, and ensure that both responsibility and power are delegated together and that relaxing control and strengthening oversight go hand in hand. Governments at all levels should release their budgets and final accounts to the public, and budgets released by government bodies should progressively include details down to basic regular and project expenditures. In particular, all public spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality should be made public. We will ensure transparency of public finance and make it easy for people to understand and oversee it. 02A（3 人组）说翻译（下）材料 原文： 推进税收制度改革，把“营改增”试点扩大到铁路运输、邮政服务、电信等行业，清费 立税，推动消费税、资源税改革，做好房地产税、环境保护税立法相关工作。 保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定，扩大汇率双向浮动区间，推进人民币资本项目可兑换。（117 字） 译文： We will advance the reform of the tax system by taking the following steps: Extend trials for replacing business tax with VAT to the railway transport, postal and telecommunications services industries, abolish fees and replace them with taxes, reform the excise tax and resource tax, and move ahead with legislation on property tax and environmental protection tax. We will keep the renminbi exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate, balanced level,
笔译期末复习资料 Unit 4 conversion转换法 1.I have no intension of wearying you with this matter. 2.It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal. 3.The two leaders had a serious and frank exchange of views on . relations and world affairs. 4.The basilica is a conglomeration of contrary styles and periods. 5.In the exchange of cultures throughout the world, the study of foreign languages is a must. 6.The thought of him always fills me with strength. (adverbial clause of time) 7.Urgent business prevented me from calling on you. 8.A day’s exploration convinced him that this was not the spot. 9.A wet day brings out colorful light mackintoshes. Unit 5 addition 增补法 1.It is a part, and a very important part, of the air defense of our country.
《翻译理论与实践（笔译）》复习辅导 一、考试题型和模拟题 1. 选择题：10题，每题2分，共20分。范围主要包括翻译标准，直译与意译问题，翻译的定义，文化与翻译的问题。 2. 问答题：2题，每题15分，共30分。范围主要包括直译与意译问题，翻译的标准，比如玄奘对翻译事业的贡献等等。 3. 段落翻译（英译汉）：1段，共50分。这部分在课外。 选择题（在四个选项中选择一个正确答案）： 1. 明朝末年的翻译家徐光启主要从事---C---的翻译。 A. 佛教经典 B. 文学作品 C. 科技著作 D. 哲学著作 2. 《马氏文通》的作者马建忠提出了“---A---”的翻译观点。 A. 善译 B. 化境 C. 神似 D. 信、达、雅 3. 出版后即风靡海内的《巴黎茶花女遗事》是--B----的译作。 A．严复 B. 林纾 C. 林语堂 D. 梁实秋 4.“意译”是指译文从意义出发，要求将原文的意义正确表达出来，不必拘泥于--D----的形式。 A. 词句 B. 词句和比喻 C. 各种修辞手段 D. 词、句、以及各种修辞手段 5. 翻译是一种（A ）的交际活动。 A．跨语言，跨文化，跨社会 B. 跨语言 C．跨语言，跨社会 D. 跨语言，跨社会 6. 翻译的理想单位是：__________。（） A．篇章 B. 句子 C.词语 D. 单词 7.下列四个语言特点中，----B--不是广告英语的特点。 A. 多祈使句 B. 多后置定语 C. 多新词汇 D. 多常用词汇 8. 鲁迅曾提出过“-------B--------”的翻译观点。 A. 宁顺而不信 B. 宁信而不顺 C. 与其信而不顺，不如顺而不信 D. 忠实、通顺、得体 9. 在下列四组特点中，---D---组符合英语语言的实际情况。 A. 重意合，多主动结构，多动态词，多重复，多生物词作主语 B.重形合，多主动结构，多动态词，多替代，多物称词作主语 C.重意合，多被动结构，多静态词，多重复，多生物词作主语 D.重形合，多被动结构，多静态词，多替代，多物称词作主语 10. 下列四种语言特点，----B----不符合英语语言的实际情况。 A. 重形合 B. 多动态词语
翻译理论与实践试题 一、选择题（在四个选项中选择一个正确答案）：20% 1.中国古代佛经翻译家------提出了“既须求真，又须喻俗”的翻译思想。 A. 鸠摩罗什 B. 玄奘 C．安世高D。释道安 2.严复说的“一名之立，旬月踟躇”是指---------------------。 A.翻译一部书要化一个月时间作准备 B 翻译一个术语往往要考虑很久 C. 只有化苦功才能翻译成一部名著 D. 书名的翻译颇费思量 3..下列四句，----句的表述是不正确的。 A.鲁迅提出过“宁信而不顺”的翻译观点。 B. 马建忠主张“善译”的翻译标准。 C. 钱钟书认为文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。 D. 傅雷认为文学翻译的最高境界是“形似”。 4.下列四位翻译家中，英译《红楼梦》的是------。 A.林语堂 B. 杨宪益 C. 杨必 D. 鲁迅 5.英国语言学家M.A.K.Halliday提出的构成语境三要素中，fields of discourse指---------------------------。 A.交际内容 B. 交际方式 C. 交际风格 D. 交际地点 6.多用被动语态是----------的一个比较明显的语法特点。 A.广告英语 B. 科技英语 C. 新闻英语 D. 法律英语 7.“意译”是指译文从意义出发，要求将原文的意义正确表达出来，不必拘泥于------的形式。 A.词句 B. 词句和比喻 C. 各种修辞手段 D. 词、句、以及各种修辞手段 8.. ------翻译了莎士比亚的全部戏剧作品。 A.朱生豪 B. 卞之琳 C. 梁实秋 D. 林语堂 9.fast, firm, secure三个同义词中，firm的正规程度介于前后两者之间，由此可以判定，它最有可能源自------。 A.法语 B. 拉丁语 C. 盎格鲁-撒克逊语 D. 德语 10.下列四种“语体”中，--------的语言最为正规。 A.广告英语 B. 法律英语 C. 新闻英语 D. 科技英语 二、问答题：30% 1.为什么严复要在他的翻译标准中加上一个“雅”字？你认为现在我们应该怎样理解这个“雅”字？
《英语翻译基础》期末复习 13年12月 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） Section A; 选择译文中最符合原文意思的选项（考查翻译实践能力） Section B: 关于翻译理论知识的题目 二、改译句子。（每小题2分，共10分） 三、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共15分） 四、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 五、案例分析题（每小题15分，共15分） 注意：本门课程为：“闭卷（只允许考生带一本正规英汉词典参加考试，不得携带除此之外的任何查字工具。） I、Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 2 points each) A : Directions : This part consists of five sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1. I prefer driving to being driven. B A. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢别人开车。 B. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢坐车。 C. 我开车比被开车更喜欢。 D. 我喜欢开车，也喜欢被开车。 2. She had deprived herself of the advice of all but yesmen. C A．她丧失了除了唯唯诺诺的人之外的所有人的劝告。 B．她剥夺了自己的所有人的劝告，唯唯诺诺的人除外。 C．她喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，根本听不进所有其他人的劝告。 D．她剥夺了所有人的劝告，除了唯唯诺诺的人。 3．我第一次听她在晚上唱歌，她的歌声就深深地打动了我。B A．Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her song moved me deeply. B. When I first heard her sing at a party, I was deeply moved. C. I first heard her singing a party, I was deeply moved. D. Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her voice moved me deeply. 4.When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. B
《翻译理论与实践》期末考试试卷附答案B卷 一、单词翻译（共10题，每题2分，共20分） 1、neutral 2、meter 3、sodium hydroxide 4、external 5、in the absence of 6、间歇的；断断续续的 7、复杂的 8、依靠；由于 9、限于 10、粗粒子 二、句子翻译（共5题，每题4分，共20分） 1、Acid-base indicators (also known as pH indicators) are substances which change color with pH. 2、I am bored with the dull office work. 3、It’s my pleasure to offer some help to you. 4、从大连到沈阳的直达特快火车什么时候离开？ 5、在周末，我们可以去游泳或去钓鱼。 三、段落翻译（共3题，每题20分，共60分） 1、In metals, thermal conduction results from the motion of free electrons, and there is close correspondence between thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. In solids that are poor conductors of electricity and in most liquids, thermal conduction results from momentum transfer between adjacent vibrating molecules or atoms. In gases, conduction occurs by the random motion of molecules, so that heat is “diffused” from hotter regions to colder ones. 2、黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止
2014年上半年笔译复习资料 1、我们将提供具有竞争力的薪水和奖金计划，所有的员工将得到公司股票选择权。 （第三单元）We offer competitive salary and bonus plan. All employees receive stock options. 2、The PMI figures indicate a large manufacturing slowdown in the fourth quarter. PMI指数反映了制造业第四季度生产大幅减缓。 3、This L/C will be duly honored only if the seller submits whole set of documents that all terms and requirements under L/C NO. 45673 have been complied with. 只有出口人提供与信用证45673号项下相符的全套单据，本行才予以承付。 4、如果采用离岸价，货一上船，货物的风险和费用就都转给买方了。 （第四单元）In case F.O.B. is used, risks and charges are to be passed over to the buyers once the cargo is put on board the ship. 5、乙方应遵守国家及地方的税法制度，自行缴纳其收入的个人所得税，甲方无义务为其代缴。 Party B shall pay personal income tax voluntarily according to the state’s tax law. Party A doesn’t shoulder the responsibility to withhold and remit taxes for Party B. 6、Please let us know your premium at which you can take the insurance of AAR on these goods and arrange to insure urgently without our reply if the amount is below CNY1000. 请告知我们这批货物全险的保费，如果保费在1000元以下，无须等待我方答复，可直接投保。 7、客户接待是会展期间一项关键工作，可以发现新客户并与之建立联系，可以推销公司的产品，宣传公司，使客户对公司产品产生兴趣，产生订购欲望。 8、国际货币基金组织旨在促进汇率的稳定，保持成员国之间有秩序的汇兑安排，避免竞争性通货贬值。 （第六单元）IMF aims to promote exchange stability, to maintain orderly exchange arrangements among members, and to avoid competitive exchange depreciation. 9、In case the rental is more than 10 days overdue9, Party B will pay 0.5 percent of monthly rental as overdue fine every day, if the rental be paid 15 days overdue, Party B will be deemed to have withdrawn from the premises and breach the contract. In this situation, Party A has the right to take back the premises and take actions against party B’s breach. 如乙方逾期支付租金超过10天，则每天以月租金的0.5%支付滞纳金；如乙方逾期支付租金超过15天，则视为乙方自动退租，构成违约，甲方有权收回房屋，并追究乙方违约责任。 10、In case party B breaches this contract, party A has right to deduct the default fine, compensation for damage or any other expenses from the deposit. 因乙方违反本合同的规定而产生的违约金、损坏赔偿和其他相关费用，甲方可在保证金中抵扣。 11、After we have checked the L/C carefully, we request you to make the following amendment: “Partial Shipment and Transshipment Allowed. ” （第一单元）“经过仔细核对信用证，兹要求贵方作如下修改：允许分批装运和转船。”12、长久以来，这些银行一直在与美国运通公司的信用卡以及各式各样的商场赊购卡竞争。（第十单元）The banks have long competed with American Express’s charge cards and various store cards.
全国翻译资格考试三级笔译综合能力讲义 第一节考试内容介绍、定语从句讲解、练习及译法 第一部分考试介绍 一、考试题型 词汇和语法部分50题25分25分钟 阅读理解50题55分75分钟 完型填空20题20分20分钟 二、考试要求 掌握本大纲要的英语词汇；掌握并能够正确运用双语语法；具备对常用问题英语文章的阅读理解能力。 三、笔译综合能力试题的基本类型 第一部分词汇和语法部分可分为三大部分：词汇选择（Vocabulary and Grammar）1-20难度大约在四级左右；词语替代（Vocabulary Selection）21-40主要找出和划横线部分相同意思的词汇，难度在4级到6级之间；改错（Error Correction）主要有词汇和语法的两种错误。 第一部分考察的内容主要为近义词的辨析、短语介词和动词词组的搭配；语法点主要包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、虚拟语气、非谓语动词等等。在其后会分专题来讲解。 第二部分阅读理解共5篇，字数在每篇150-450字之间，绝大多数在250字左右，每篇有5到10题，不定量。题材广泛，选题多样。类似于四级以上难度和题型，但是和专业四级题型更加相似。 第三部分为开放性完型填空，20空，共20分。题材广泛，选题多样。难度和专业四级等同。 四、基本复习策略 综合能力课程作为三级笔译必修的课程，主要是考察学生对于英语基本知识的了解，特别是对双语习惯的掌握，为了能够更好地为实务课程打下坚实的基础，所以希望每一位同学都不要对这门课程产生掉以轻心的念头。根据个人经验，我个人推荐以下几个复习的策略：第一、要对大纲的词汇做到十分熟悉，这种熟悉不是简单地认识，而是要学会使用，特别是在没有字典的帮助之下可以迅速而准确地判断搭配。 第二、对于语法结构的重视，但凡是学翻译就必须要对语法结构有着深入的了解，这种了解不是简单地会划分句子成分，而是将每个句子如何组合，这将决定你实务中的句型翻译的关键。 第三，阅读能力要强。任何考试都是得阅读者得天下，咱们的综合能力考试也不除外。包括实务考试，如果文章内容没有弄明白，那么对文章的翻译肯定是不行的。 以上三点经验之谈，仅供参考。 定语从句的讲解、练习及译法 1．that和which用法比较： 1) which用于非限定性定语从句中。 e.g.: He said he was busy, which was not true. 他说他很忙，那是假的。 We don’t want to enter the house, which is very cold. 我们不想进房间，因为太冷了。 2) which用于介词后做宾语。 e.g.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large. 窗户正对着海的房间很大。 The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron.
1. 直译法 (1) 英译按原文的字面翻译, 其比喻意义同原文一样生动, 译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语. 如: 竭泽而渔 to drain a pond to catch all the fish (相当于 kill the goose that lays the golden eggs) 2) 打草惊蛇 to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于 wake a sleeping dog) 3)易如反掌 to be as easy a s turning over one’s hand (相当于as easy as falling off a log) 4) 玩火自焚 to get burnt by the fire kindled by oneself (相当于fry in one’s own grease) 5)掌上明珠 a pearl in the palm (相当于the apple of one’s eye) 6)对牛弹琴 to play the lute to a cow (相当于 cast pearls before swine) 7)守口如瓶to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle (相当于 keep a still tongue in one’s head) 8) 雪中送炭to send charcoal in snowy weather (相当于help a lame dog over a stile) 9) 画蛇添足 to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于 paint the lily) (2) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语, 但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义. 如: 1) 声东击西 to shout in the east and strike in the west 2) 刻骨铭心to be engraved on one’s heart and bones 3)井底之蛙to be like a frog at the bottom of a well 4)调虎离山to lure the tiger from the mountain 5)口蜜腹剑 to be honey-mouthed and dagger-hearted 2. 意译法 如：手忙脚乱 in a frantic rush 立竿见影get instant results 它虽难以保全成语的文化特色和具体形象，却能简洁明快的反应出成语的喻义。 1) 粗枝大叶: with big branches and large leaves to be crude and careless 2) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness to get into every hole 3) 扬眉吐气 to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath to feel proud and elated ) 灯红酒绿 with red lights and green wine dissipated and luxurious 5) 大张旗鼓 to make a great array of flags and drums on a large and spectacular scale 6) 海阔天空(to talk) at random with a vast sea and a boundless sky 7) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable the wind and rain are rocking 有一部分汉语成语带着一定的中国文化背景, 有的成语在字 面上就含中国古代的人名, 地名, 有的出自寓言或历史的典故. 对这部分成语, 字面翻译是无法为外国读者所接受的. 如加上 解释性文字, 就失去了成语精练的特点. 我们最好 的办法就是绕开其文化背景, 直接译出其真正的
2020年翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔 译材料整合 不为失败找借口，要为成功找方法。今天给大家带来了2020年翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 2020年翻译资格考试(catti)一级笔译材料 Mobile Telecoms: Wireless: The Next Generation 移动通信：无线：下一世代(节选) A new wave of mobile technology is on its way, and will bring drastic change 酝酿中的新一代移动技术将带来巨变 The future is already arriving, it is just a question of knowing where to look. On Changshou Road in Shanghai, eagle eyes may spot an odd rectangular object on top of an office block: it is a collection of 128 miniature antennae. Pedestrians in Manhattan can catch a glimpse of apparatus that looks like a video camera on a stand, but jerks around and has a strange, hornlike protrusion where the lens should be. It blasts a narrow beam of radio waves at