Translating from English into Chinese.
The greatest challenge of the 21st century will be to narrow the income gap between rich and poor nations, writers Martin Wolf. None of the readers of this column, has much chance of being alive at the end of this century. But suppose, for a moment, one was. What would give most pleasure? My answer is simple: that the economic opportunities now available to a small proportion of humanity would have become available to all.
马丁. 沃尔夫写道：21世纪最大的挑战将是缩小贫富国家之间的收入差距。与该文同时代的读者也许没有一位能活到这个世纪末，但是假如有一个人可以的话，那么他最有希望看到的情况会是什么呢？答案很简单，那就是现在只有少数人才能得到的经济机会可以为所有人享有。
Two centuries ago, the lives of the great majority of human beings were, in the words of Thomas Hobbes, “nasty, brutish and short”. But then in a small island off the western end of Eurasia began what the great US economist, Simon Kuznets, called “modern economic growth”. By this he meant cumulative rises in real incomes per head. This was so much newer than what is today called the “new economy” that almost all the great e conomists failed to realize what was happening. Yet, according to Angus Maddison, the economic historian, since 1820 world population has increased 6-fold and world real output 50-fold. But the distribution of those huge gains has been highly unequal. At the beginning of the 19th century, the ratio of real incomes per head between the world’s richest and poorest countries was 3 to1. By 1900, it was 10 to 1. By 2000,it has risen to 60 to 1.
按照托马斯. 霍布斯的说法，在两个世纪前，大多数人的生活不仅“艰难、残酷，而且短暂”。然而在欧亚大陆西端外的一个小岛上，开始出现了一种被美国伟大的经济学家西蒙.库兹涅茨称为“现代经济增长”的现象。他所说的经济增长指的是人均实际收入的累计增长。这种说法比当今的“新经济”概念还要新，以至于当时几乎所有权威的经济学家都未意识到所发生的一切。
依据经济历史学家安格斯.麦迪森的观点，1820年以来世界人口仅增长了6倍，而世界财富却实际增长了50倍。但是，这些巨额财富却分配严重不均。19世纪初，在世界最富和最穷国家之间，人均收入比是3:1. 到1900年，这一比率扩大为10:1，而到2000年，这种人均收入比率已经飙升到60:1.
Translating from English to Chinese.
The letter of credit is the most widely used instrument of international banking. It has had a long and successful history as a means of facilitating international trade particularly during times of economic and political uncertainty. The letter of credit is the bank instrument that assures the person selling merchandise of payment if he makes the agreed-upon shipment. On the other hand, it also assures the buyer that he is not required to pay until the seller ships the goods. It provides the buyer and the seller with mutual protection in dealing with each other.
信用证是国际银行业务中最广泛使用的凭证。信用证由来已久，卓有成效，是促进国际贸易的一种手段，在经济和政治不稳定时期尤其如此。当买卖双方
签定合同时，一笔国际交易就开始了。合同写明这项交易的全部内容：商品名称、价格、交货日期、运输方法以及商品的颜色、规格等细节。
An international trading transaction begins when a buyer and a seller sign a contract that records all the elements of the transaction: the merchandise, price, delivery date, and method of shipment, as well as specifics of color, size and so on.
协议达成后，买卖双方必须安排支付问题。买方想在付款前拿到货物，而卖方则想在交货之前获得货款。由于彼此往往不甚了解，所以买卖双方对交易都存有某种戒心。
Having worked out an agreement, the buyer and seller must arrange payment. The buyer will want possession before paying, and the seller will want payment before making delivery. Since each party oftern has incomplete knowledge of the other, there is a certain caution to their dealings. At this point, the letter of credit can be extremely useful. The buyer requests his bank to issue a letter of credit in favor of the seller. Assuming that the credit risk is acceptable to the bank, it issues its letter of credit. The letter says, in essence, to the seller;” We, the bank, promise that we will pay you when you submit certain documents proving that you have made the agreed-upon shipment.” The letter of credit also protects the buyer, for he knows that he will not be called upon for payment by his bank until the evidence shows that the shipment has actually been effected.
协议达成后，买卖双方必须安排支付问题。买方想在付款前拿到货物，而卖方则想在交货前获得贷款。由于彼此往往不甚了解，所以买卖双方对交易都存有某种戒心。信用证在这一点上极为有用。买方就要求银行给卖方开具一张信用证。如果银行愿意承担风险，它就发放信用证。信用证实际上是告诉卖方；“当你出示凭证证明货物已按协议装运完毕，我行答应付款”。信用证同时还保护着买方，因为买方知道，在有凭证证明货物确已装运后，银行才会要求他付款。
Translating from English into Chinese.
The most important drawback of the AMA is that it takes a simplistic and incomplete view of the marketing process. According to the definition, marketing is construed to occur from marketer to consumer. The flow is in one direction . Such a viewpoint overlooks how marketing actually occurs in the real world. The process is not limited to a one-way flow or sequence from marketer to consumer. Rather, the vast majority of marketing activities involves interaction between seller and buyer. As a consequence, a number of marketers now view marketing in terms of exchange relationships.
该定义最大的缺点在于，它对营销过程的理解过于简单、片面。依据它的定义，营销被解释为是从销售商到消费者的单向的业务过程。这种观点没有考虑到显示中的实际情况。市场营销的过程不仅仅是从销售商到消费者单向流动的过程或顺序，绝大多数市场营销活动都会涉及买方与卖方的相互作用。所以有一些企业营销人员会从交换关系这个角度去看待市场营销。
The field of marketing is quite broad in scope and overlaps with and draws upon many related subject areas. As we may discover, marketers continually borrow
concepts and methods from psychology, sociology, organization behavior, anthropology, and political science. At the same time, marketers have made unique contributions to theory, method, and practice.
市场营销涵盖的领域是相当广泛的，它与很多学科重叠并借鉴了许多相关领域的知识。可以看到市场营销人员不断从心理学、社会学、组织行为学、人类学和政治学中借用一些概念和方法。同时他们也在理论、方法和实践方面做出了独有的贡献。
Translating the following sentences into Chinese.
American marketers have learned to weave their products into the local culture by hiring local managers and adapting everything from packaging to serving sizes to flavors to the local market.
美国的市场人员已经学会了通过雇佣当地管理人员这种方式使其产品融入本土文化，并对产品包装、大小及风味等进行调整以适应当地市场的需要。This year, the recurrent expenditure on education exceeds $38 billion, which accounts for 21 percent of the total recurrent expenditure of the government.
本年度教育的经常性开支达380多亿元，占政府经常性开支的百分之二十一。If, whether during the execution of the works or after their completion and whether before or after the repudiation or other termination of the contract, between the Employer and the Contractor arises any dispute in connection with, or arising out of, the Contract or the execution of the works, including any disagreement by either party with any action, inaction, opinion, instruction, determination, certificate or valuation of the Engineer, the matter shall, in the first place, be referred to the Disputes Review Board.
无论是在工程执行过程中，还是在工程完成以后，也无论是在放弃合同或其他终止合同之前或者之后，如果业主与承包商之间出现任何与合同或工程执行有关的或因合同或工程执行而引发的争端，包括任何一方对工程师的任何行动、不行动、意见、指示、决定、证书或评价所产生的异议，那么该争端应首先提交争端审核委员会。
At a trade show, T-shirts, ties, baseball caps, or a pin may be appropriate mementos. Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment.
在商业展览上，赠送T恤衫、领带、棒球帽或者一个饰针最合适作纪念品了。若送比这些东西贵重的礼品反而会致人尴尬。
Translating from English into Chinese.
The headline of an advertisement is there to attract attention and transmit a hint of the key concept, so that your prospect will be provoked to stop and read more of the ad. If they don’t read on, they will at least get some of the idea to be left with a positive perception. The headline must work with the overall ad layout and any illustration to accomplish this.
广告标题的作用是吸引受众的注意力，并对重要信息有所暗示，以让潜在的客户能够驻足留意这条广告。即便他们不看详细内容，至少也会对所宣传的东西留下一个正面印象。因此，广告标题必须与广告整体效果及图片协调一致。
Advertising genius David Ogilvy ,in his book Ogilvy on Advertising, says that on average, five times as many people read the headline as the body copy.“Unless your headline sells your product, you have wasted 90 percent of your money,” he suggests. You want the ones who do read the whole ad to be your prospects and not just passers-by.
广告天才大卫．奥格威曾在《奥格威论广告》一书中指出，人们读广告标题的平均次数是读广告正文的5倍。他说：“要是你的广告标题做臭了，你就浪费90﹪的广告费。”广告的主要目的是让那些读了广告的人成为自己的潜在客户，而不只是看看而已。
History of Advertising
In the ancient and medieval world such advertising as existed was conducted by word of mouth. The first step toward modern advertising came with the development of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. In the 17th century weekly newspapers in London began to carry advertisements, and by the 18th century such advertising was flouring.
The great expansions of business in the 19th century was accompanied by the growth of an advertising industry; it was that century, primarily in the United States, that saw the establishment of advertising agencies. The first agencies were, in essence, brokers for space in newspapers. But by the early 20th century agencies became involved in producing the advertising message itself, including copy and artwork, and by the 1920s agencies had come into being that could plan and execute complete advertising campaigns, from initial research to copy preparation to placement in various media.
广告的历史
在古代和中世纪，广告是通过口碑进行宣传的。15和16世纪，在印刷业的推动下，广告向现代广告业迈出了第一步。到了17世纪，伦敦的周报开始登载广告。而到了18世纪，报纸广告已经呈现出一派欣欣向荣的景象。
19世纪，随着商品生产规模的日趋扩大，广告行业也不断发展壮大。也正是在这个时期，首先在美国出现了广告公司。这些首批出现的公司实际上只负责代理销售报纸版面的广告位。但到了20世纪初，这些公司的业务已经开始涉及自主制作广告以及复印和排版。到20世纪20年代，广告公司的业务更是扩展至策划和执行完整的广告运作，业务范围涵盖初期的调研到后期的版式处理再到各种媒体上进行投放。
作业五
Translating from Chinese into English.
我昨天买的那本新的英汉成语词典，对于翻译很有用处。
The new English-Chinese phrases dictionary that I bought yesterday is very useful for translation.
在一个注重家庭的社会里，离婚总让人们觉得不大好接受。
Divorce is less acceptable in a society that is family-oriented.
上海的字面意思是“位于海之上”，它位于长江流入大海之前最后一条支流的黄浦江畔。
Shanghai, which means “above the sea”, is on the Huangpu River, the lowest tributary at the mouth of the Yangtze River.
差不多同时开放的几千朵美丽红玫瑰，在春季里吸引了许多人常到公园来。Thousands of red, beautiful roses that blossom almost at the same time make the park the great resort of people in spring.
她是在澳门回归祖国的那一天出生的。
She was born on the day when Macao returned to Chinese sovereignty.
Passage one
上海大剧院位于市中心人民广场，占地面积约为2.1公顷，建筑风格独特，造型优美。它成为上海又一个标志性建筑，使人民广场成为上海名副其实的政治文化中心。
上海大剧院由法国一家著名的建筑设计公司设计，总建筑面积为62803平方米，总高度为40米，分地下2层，地面6层，顶部2层，共计10层。其建筑风格新颖别致，融汇了东西方的文化韵味。白色弧形拱顶和具有光感的玻璃幕墙有机结合，在灯光的烘托下，宛如一个水晶般的宫殿.
The Shanghai Grand Theater, located at the People’s Square in the center of the city, occupies an area of 2.1hectares. Unique in architectual style and graceful in shape, the Grand Theater has become another landmark in Shanghai, making the People’s Square the veritable political a nd cultural center of the city.
Designed by a well-known French architectural designing company, the Grand Theater is 62803 square meters in floor space and 40 meters in height. It has ten stories, two under the ground, six on the ground, and another two on top.
This original and unique architecture is an integration of the cultural appeal of the East and the West. The Grand Theater is just like a crystal palace when the lights set off a harmonious entity of the white arc-shaped roof and the photosensitive glass curtain walls.
Exercise 1
Velo
The power of your desktop, now sits in the palm of your hand.
Imagine having all the power of your office or home computer in your hand. The VELO makes it a reality! This tiny, but very fast and powerful, handheld computer runs special pocket versions of all your favorite
programs-there’s no new software to learn.
VELO掌上电脑
台式电脑的强大功效现在就在你的掌上。
设想一下你办公室的电脑或家用电脑的神奇功效全部掌握在你的手掌之中。VELO掌上电脑能使你的梦想成真。你最喜爱的所有软件的袖珍版本都可以在这种高速高效的微型掌上电脑中运行，你不需要学习新的软件。
In addition, you can connect it to any telephone line so that you can send and receive e-mail and faxes and get on the internet. It also has special programs to help you organize your business and manage your time. You
can keep a record of contacts and make notes of your meetings.
A computer, not just an organizer!
此外，它可以和任何电话线相连，用来收发电子邮件、传真，或者上网。它还有帮助你安排业务、安排时间的专门程序。你可以用它记录日常的交往和做会议记录。
这是电脑，不是电子记事本！
Exercise 2
瘦西湖总长4.3公里，面积30公顷。瘦西湖因诸如白塔、五亭桥和小金山之类的景点而闻名于世。瘦西湖的西岸有著名的长堤，从公园的入口开始绵延一百多米直到小金山，长堤边种满了垂杨柳。湖中有个小岛，郑板桥的一些书法作品就收藏在此间的一栋房子中。
Slender West Lake is 4.3 kilometers in total length with an area of over 30 hectares. The lake boasts many famous scenic spots, such as the White Pagoda, the Five Pavilion Bridge, and Xiaojin Hill. The Long Dike is on the western bank of the lake, extending about one hundred meters from the entrance of the park to the Xiaojin Hill. (On the western bank of the lake is the Long Dike, which stretches over 100 meters from the entrance of the park to the Xiaojin Hill) Weeping willow trees are growing all along the dike.
In the lake is an islet where Zheng Banqiao’s calligraphy of couplets can be seen in a house.
Exercise 3
琼岛东北部有“琼岛春阴”碑，为1751年建立，附近风光秀丽，过去是燕京八景之一。海北岸有“五龙亭”，建于1602年，是封建皇帝钓鱼和看焰火的地方；“九龙壁”，建于1756年，全壁用五彩琉璃瓦砌成，两面各有蟠龙九条，姿态生动，反映了我国劳动人民的创造才能；“铁影壁”，是元代文物。
There is a stone tablet erected in 1751 in the northeast of Qiong Island, with “Qiong Dao Chun Yin”(Spring Shade on the Qiong Island) written by Emperor Qian Long(1736-1796 A.D.) engraved on it. This area, noted for its beautiful scenery, was counted as one of the eight outstanding views of Beijing.
On the north shore of the lake are the Five-Dragon Pavilions, built in 1602, where the emperors enjoyed fishing and watched fireworks. Not far
to the northest stands the Nine-Dragon Sceen, put up in 1756, which is made of colorful glazed tiles. With nine lively dragons on each side, it has proved the creativeness of the working people of China. Near there is the Iron Screen, which is a relic of the Yuan Dynasty.
期末复习国旗下讲话
老师们、同学们： 大家上午好！还有一个礼拜的时间就要期末考试了，考试过后就是年假，老师、家长以及亲朋好友都在关注你的这次考试成绩，考试成绩的好坏也是你能否度过一个愉快假期的重要因素，所以，希望同学们认真对待这次考试。对于期末复习应该注意什么问题呢？ 在这里我向同学们提了几点建议，望大家做到以下六点： 1、上好复习课。 每一节复习课都是经过老师精心设计的。在复习课中，老师必定和大家一起回顾每一类知识的重难点，对前面学过的知识进行浓缩梳理，所以不能错过任何一节复习课，大家要认真参与，不应在复习课上开小差出现跑神的现象。 2、敢于提问。 如果感到自己哪方面的知识不过关，有疑问的一定要提出来，问同学、问老师、问家长，弄懂以后还要多练习两次。只有这样，才能及时有效地弥补自己的知识漏洞。 3、认真完成作业。 复习期间，老师会根据知识的重难点，有计划地布置作业，有目的地练习巩固。因此，我们必须按老师要求，认认真真地做好作业，只有这样复习才能达到事半功倍的效果。 4、自我复习。 每个同学的知识水平都不一样，每个同学都有与别人不同的知识优势和知识缺陷，因此就要我们有清醒的头脑，找出自己知识上的不足，制定计划，有选择优侧重地进行自我复习。 5、融会贯通，使知识系统化。 一个学生，通过平时分单元分课文的学习，可以说基本上完成了对各种基本知识的理解任务，完成了对基本能力的掌握。通过复习时的回顾，查漏补缺，又把长期学习的各部分内容有机地“组装”起来，帮助我们掌握各部分内容之间的区别和联系，从而编织一张系统化的“知识之网”。 6．既会学习，也要会休息。 要想取得最佳的学习效果，还必须保证有健康的身体，良好的精神状态。我们不提倡同学们晚上开夜车或过早起床复习，因为这样会导致睡眠不足和复习效果差，上复习课更会打瞌睡。复习期间大家还是像平时那样，注意适当锻
高考数学总复习----集合 【重点知识回顾】 集合知识可以使我们更好地理解数学中广泛使用的集合语言，并用集合语言表达数学问题，运用集合观点去研究和解决数学问题。数学是理性思维的学科，高考尤其强调“全卷要贯穿思维能力的考查”简易逻辑用于可以和各章融合命题,正是这一理性思维的体现，学生只有在思维能力上有所提高才能让数学学习有一个质的飞跃。但思维的培养不是一朝一夕的，因此，在第二轮各模块的复习中应尽量加强学生思维能力方面的培养 1．强化对集合与集合关系题目的训练，理解集合中代表元素的真正意义，注意利用几何直观性研究问题，注意运用Venn 图解题方法的训练，加强两种集合表示方法转换和化简训练； 2．确定集合的“包含关系”与求集合的“交、并、补”是学习集合的中心内容，解决问题时应根据问题所涉及的具体的数学内容来寻求方法。 ① 区别∈与、与?、a 与{a }、φ与{φ}、{(1,2)}与{1,2}； ② A ?B 时，A 有两种情况：A ＝φ与A ≠φ。 ③区分集合中元素的形式： 【典型例题】 1.对集合与简易逻辑有关概念的考查 例1第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会将于2008年8月8日在北京举行，若集合A={参加北京奥运会比赛的运动员}，集合B={参加北京奥运会比赛的男运动员}，集合C={参加北京奥运会比赛的女运动员}，则下列关系正确的是 （ ） A ．A ? B B ．B ? C C ．A ∩B=C D ．B ∪C=A 分析：本例主要考查子集的概念及集合的运算． 解析：易知选D ． 点评：本题是典型的送分题，对于子集的概念，一定要从元素的角度进行理解．集合与集合间的关系，寻根溯源还是元素间的关系． 例2(07重庆)命题：“若12
中考模拟英语试卷及答案 Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力） I. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片): (共6分) A B C D E F G II. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案): (共10分) 7. A) The man’s.B) The woman’s. C) The man’s son’s.D) The woman’s son’s. 8. A) In the classroom. B) At the airport. C) In the teachers’ office.D) At the railway station. 9. A) He is listening to the radio. B) He is playing a sports game. C) He is watching television. D) He is reading a newspaper. 10. A) 8:30. B) 9:00. C) 9:30. D) 10:30. 11. A) Ben. B) Alice. C) Jimmy. D) Linda.
12. A) In an hour. B) In half an hour. C) In ten minutes. D) In twenty minutes. 13. A) By taxi. B) By bike. C) By bus. D) On foot. 14. A) Twenty dollars. B) Twenty-five dollars. C) Fifty dollars. D) Thirty-five dollars. 15. A) Because he had to pay for his education. B) Because he had to study several subjects. C) Because he wanted to stay in America. D) Because he wanted to look for a good job. 16. A) It’s much newer, but noisier. B) It’s much bigger, but noisier. C) It’s bigger and quieter. D) It’s smaller and quieter. III. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示): (共7分) 17. Bill used to be the best student in his new school. 18. Nobody liked Bill because he liked being alone all the time. 19. Bill’s teacher asked his parents to come to the school. 20. Bill’s father went to see Bill and talked with him. 21. Bill’s father asked him some questions about his studies. 22. Bill’s father told Bill that he was the most important person for him. 23. From the passage we know that nobody cared for Bill in this world. IV. Listen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks (根据你听到的对话，完成下列句子，每空格限填一词): (共7分) 24. Jim can’t (24) asleep and he feels very tired in the morning. 25. Jim thinks about (25) a lot and he’s afraid he is going to fail. 26. If Jim makes a study plan, he can (26) his time better and feel more confident. 27. Jim often has all his books (27) at the same time, and he never knows which one to read first. 28. There are 1,800 students and (28) teachers in Jim’s school.
1. Today the electronic computer is widely used in solving mathematical problems having to do with weather forecasting and putting satellites into orbit. 译文：今天, 电子计算机广泛地运用于解决一些数学问题, 这些问题与天气预报、把卫星送入轨道有关。 2. No reference books are to be taken out of the reading-room without permission 译文：本阅览室的任何参考书都不得擅自带出。 3. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is the freshness of the deep springs of life. 译文：青春不是人生的一个阶段，而是一种心境。青春是生命深处的一泓清泉。 4. The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media. 译文：因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，农村社会是与外界隔绝的。这种隔绝状态由于通信工具不足，就变得更加严重了。 5. You can fool all the people some of the time and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time. 译文：骗人一夕一事易，欺众一生一世难。 6. Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp. 译文：应当始终注意保护这些精密仪器，不使其沾染灰尘，不让他们受潮。 7. The study found that non-smoking wives of men who smoke cigarettes face a much greater than normal danger of developing lung cancer．The more cigarettes smoked by the husband，the greater the threat faced by his non．smoking wife． 译文：这项研究表明，妻子不抽烟丈夫抽烟，妻子的肺癌的危险性比一般人大的多。丈夫抽的烟越多，妻子受到的威胁也就越大。 8. For the first time in the annals of space, a piloted ship had succeeded in launching an earth satellite. 译文：载人飞船成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星，这在航天史上尚属首次。 9. The first point about chores is that they are repetitive. They come every day or thereabouts, and once done they require after a certain time to be done again. 译文：家务事的第一个特点，是反反复复。几乎天天都有，而且做完之后，过一段时间又要重做一番。 10. With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, I was able to rise from the ashes.
复习指南 1．注重基础和通性通法 在平时的学习中，应立足教材，学好用好教材，深入地钻研教材，挖掘教材的潜力，注意避免眼高手低，偏重难题，搞题海战术，轻视基础知识和基本方法的不良倾向，当然注重基础和通性通法的同时，应注重一题多解的探索，经常利用变式训练和变式引申来提高自己的分析问题、解决问题的能力。 2.注重思维的严谨性 平时学习过程中应避免只停留在“懂”上，因为听懂了不一定会，会了不一定对，对了不一定美。即数学学习的五种境界：听——懂——会——对——美。 我们今后要在第五种境界上下功夫，每年的高考结束，结果下来都可以发现我们宿迁市的考生与南方的差距较大，这就是其中的一个原因。 另外我们的学生的解题的素养不够，比如仅仅一点“规范答题”问题，我们老师也强调很多遍，但作为学生的你们又有几人能够听进去！ 希望大家还是能够做到我经常所讲的做题的“三观”： 1. 审题观 2. 思想方法观 3. 步骤清晰、层次分明观 3. 注重应用意识的培养 注重培养用数学的眼光观察和分析实际问题，提高数学的兴趣，增强学好数学的信心，达到培养创新精神和实践能力的目的。 4.培养学习与反思的整合 建构主义学习观认为知识并不是简单的由教师或者其他人传授给学生的，而只能由学生依据自身已有的知识、经验，主动地加以建构。学习是一个创造的过程，一个批判、选择、和存疑的过程，一个充满想象、探索和体验的过程。你不想学，老师强行的逼迫是不容易的或者说是作用不大，俗话说“强扭的瓜不甜”嘛！数学学习不但要对概念、结论和技能进行记忆，积累和模仿，而且还要动手实践，自主探索，并且在获得知识的基础上进行反思和修正。（这也就是我们经常将让大家一定要好好预习，养成自学的好习惯。）记得有一位中科院的教授曾经给“科学”下了一个定义：科学就是以怀疑和接纳新知识作为进步的标准的一门学问，仔细想来确实很有道理！ 所以我们在平时学习中要注意反思，只有这样才能使内容得到巩固，知识的得到拓展，能力得到提高，思维得到优化，创新能力得到真正的发展，希望大能够让数学反思成为我们的自然的习惯！ 5.注重平时的听课效率 听课效率高不仅可以让自己深刻的理解知识，而且事半功倍，可以省好多的时间。而有些同学则认为上课时听不到什么，索性就不听，抓紧课堂上的每一点时间做题，多做几道题心里就踏实。这种认识是不科学的，想象如果上课没有用的话，国家还开办学校干嘛？只要印刷课本就足够了，学生买了书就可以自己学习到时候参加考试就行了。 想想好多东西还是在课堂上聆听的，听听老师对问题的分析和解题技巧，老师是如何想到的，与自己预习时的想法比较。课堂上记下比较重要的东西，更重要的是跟着老师的思路，注重老师对题目的分析过程。课后宁愿花时间去整理笔记，因为整理笔记实际上是一种知识的整合和再创造！回忆课堂上老师是怎样讲的，自己在整理时有比较好的想法，
笔译期末复习资料 Unit 4 conversion转换法 1.I have no intension of wearying you with this matter. 2.It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal. 3.The two leaders had a serious and frank exchange of views on . relations and world affairs. 4.The basilica is a conglomeration of contrary styles and periods. 5.In the exchange of cultures throughout the world, the study of foreign languages is a must. 6.The thought of him always fills me with strength. (adverbial clause of time) 7.Urgent business prevented me from calling on you. 8.A day’s exploration convinced him that this was not the spot. 9.A wet day brings out colorful light mackintoshes. Unit 5 addition 增补法 1.It is a part, and a very important part, of the air defense of our country.
期末复习动员讲话稿 各位老师、各位同学： 大家上午好! 一、绷紧安全红线，确保校园平安 健康、平安是生活赐给每一个懂得它意义的人的最好礼物，这就是幸福！安全重于泰山，面对生活、学习中可能存在的隐患和潜在的意外，我们应做好准备加以防范。 团结同学，与同学和睦相处，善于化解同学之间的矛盾。不因小事和同学争吵，不打架斗殴，不在校园内外发生暴力行为，争做文明中学生。在课间不做剧烈活动，避免发生各种伤害事故；上下楼梯靠右走，做到“右行礼让”；不追逐打闹，不攀高，不拥挤，不抢道。体育活动、实验课、社会实践及其他户外活动要严格服从老师指挥，严守操作规程，不擅自行动，防止各种妨害安全的问题发生。遵守交通规则和交通秩序。讲究饮食卫生，养成良好习惯。强化“防火灾、防触电、防侵害、防溺水”意识。 二、及早做好准备，迎接各类考试 本周是第17周，距离中考还有12天，距离七八年级期末考试还有20天，这期间还要穿插进行考查学科期末考查，史地生和信息技术考试。时间紧、任务重，同学们思想上要高度重视，要努力考出水平，考出成绩，在班级、年级中找到自己的位置，在竞争中进步成长，在总结反思中进一步明
确自己努力的方向，争取在期中考试中考出自己理想的成绩。 学校也正在统一部署和周密安排学期结束的各项工作，确保各项工作顺利进行。重要的是，我们每一位老师都想通过这次全区统考来检验自己的教学水平，我们每一个同学都想通过这次大型考试证明自己的学业水平，还有你们的父母，也都想通过这样的检测了解自己孩子成绩现状和我们行者中学的教学水平。为此，我在这里对全体同学提出三点希望: 定好目标，再接再厉。 成功的道路是目标表示出来的，古人云:取法乎上，仅得其中;取法乎中，只得其下。要想让自己期末考试成绩满意，就不妨把目标定高一点。目标高远了，我们才能有压力，有动力，才能在后几天的复习中珍惜时间，端正态度，提高效率。当然，目标也要量身定制，切不可盲目乐观，好高骛远，也不可妄自菲薄，甘居人后。比如，你的实力在班级只能排在下等，你合适的高目标应该是中等，并在复习过程中，保证时间，重视基础，平时练习的重点是基础题和中档题，考试时确保基础题不失分，中档题多得分。如果你是基础扎实，学习成绩优良的学生，这次考试，就要志存高远，力争第一，并在复习的最后关头，尽快构建各科知识的网络，把握规律，灵活运用，向学科的广度和深度开拓。 同学们，我们辛苦了一学期，耕耘了半年，很快就到了该我们收获的时候了。只要我们定好目标，珍惜时间，抓好
集合期末复习题12.26 姓名 班级________________ 一、选择题（每题4分，共40分） 1、下列四组对象，能构成集合的是 （ ） A 某班所有高个子的学生 B 著名的艺术家 C 一切很大的书 D 倒数等于它自身的实数 2、集合{a ，b ，c }的真子集共有 个 （ ） A 7 B 8 C 9 D 10 3、若{1，2}?A ?{1，2，3，4，5}则满足条件的集合A 的个数是 （ ） A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9 4、若U={1，2，3，4}，M={1，2}，N={2，3}，则C U （M ∪N ）= （ ） A . {1，2，3} B. {2} C. {1，3，4} D. {4} 5、方程组 1 1x y x y +=-=-的解集是 ( ) A .{x=0,y=1} B. {0,1} C. {(0,1)} D. {(x,y)|x=0或y=1} 6、以下六个关系式：{}00∈，{}0??，Q ?3.0, N ∈0, {}{},,a b b a ? ， {}2 |20,x x x Z -=∈是空集中，错误的个数是 （ ） A 4 B 3 C 2 D 1 7、点的集合M ＝｛(x,y)｜xy≥0｝是指 ( ) A.第一象限内的点集 B.第三象限内的点集 C. 第一、第三象限内的点集 D. 不在第二、第四象限内的点集 8、设集合A=}{ 12x x <<，B=}{ x x a <，若A ?B ，则a 的取值范围是 （ ） A }{ 2a a ≥ B }{1a a ≤ C }{1a a ≥ D }{ 2a a ≤ 9、 满足条件M U }{1=}{1,2,3的集合M 的个数是 （ ） A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 10、集合{}|2,P x x k k Z ==∈，{}|21,Q x x k k Z ==+∈， {}|41,R x x k k Z ==+∈，且,a P b Q ∈∈，则有 （ ） A a b P +∈ B a b Q +∈ C a b R +∈ D a b +不属于P 、Q 、R 中的任意一个 二、填空题 11、若}4,3,2,2{-=A ，},|{2A t t x x B ∈==，用列举法表示B 12、集合A={x| x 2+x-6=0}, B={x| ax+1=0}, 若B ?A ，则a=__________ 13、设全集U={} 22,3,23a a +-，A={}2,b ，C U A={}5，则a = ，b = 。 14、集合{}33|>-<=x x x A 或，{}41|><=x x x B 或，A B ?=____________. 15、已知集合A={x|20x x m ++=}, 若A ∩R=?，则实数m 的取值范围是 16、50名学生做的物理、化学两种实验，已知物理实验做得正确得有40人， 化学实验做得正确得有31人，两种实验都做错得有4人，则这两种实验都做对的有 人.
2018英语中考模拟测试卷 一、单项选择(共10小题，每小题0.5分，满分5分) 1. The Presidents of China and the USA had_________interview a short time ago. And it was_________great success. A. an; / B. the; a C. an; a D. the; / 2. --- Could you please move over a little and make some _________ for me? --- Sure, please A. place B. seat C. room D. ground 3. --- When will he come back to China? ---__________ a month. A. In B. After C. Before D. For 4. ---Tony, have you stopped smoking? ---Yes, I have to because I can___________breathe when I run. A. often B. never C. hardly D. almost 5. It will be easier for people to realize their dreams if they _______ highly _______. A. have; educated B. will; educate C. are; educated D. were; educated 6.---Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you, Dad? ---No, you____________. You’re free to make your own decision. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’ｔ D. needn’ｔ 7. ---- Will Jenny come tomorrow? ---- I’m not sure. She ______ an hour ago without saying anything. A. has left B. left C. leave D. will leave 8. On those foggy days, you could hardly see anything around you___________ it was at noon. A. and B. because C. though D. but 9. ---- Do you mind my _______ here? ---- _________. Look at the sign. It says, “No smoking”. A. to smoke; Of course not B. smoking; You’d better not C. to smoke; No, I don’t D. smoking; Never mind 10.---- What did the woman ask you just now? --- She asked___________. A. who was I waiting for B. whether could I help her to find the post office C. how she can get to the post office D. which was the way to the library 二、完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) One of my best childhood memories is of going to the river and sitting quietly on the bank. There I would _____11____ the peace and quiet, watching the bamboo trees bend in the wind and then return to their original positions ____12____ the wind had died down. When I think about the bamboo tree’s ____13_____ to come back to its original position, the word resilience (顺应力）comes to my ____14____. When we use the word to talk about a person, it ___15___ the ability to easily recover from shock, sadness or any other____16___ situation. Have you ever felt like you are about to snap (垮掉）? Have you ever felt like you are _____17____ your breaking point? Thankfully, you have survived (坚持过来）the experience to live to talk about ___18_____. Life is a mixture of good times and bad times, happy moments and unhappy moments. The ___19____ time you are experiencing one of those unhappy moments that take you ____20____
《英语翻译基础》期末复习 13年12月 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） Section A; 选择译文中最符合原文意思的选项（考查翻译实践能力） Section B: 关于翻译理论知识的题目 二、改译句子。（每小题2分，共10分） 三、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共15分） 四、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 五、案例分析题（每小题15分，共15分） 注意：本门课程为：“闭卷（只允许考生带一本正规英汉词典参加考试，不得携带除此之外的任何查字工具。） I、Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 2 points each) A : Directions : This part consists of five sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1. I prefer driving to being driven. B A. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢别人开车。 B. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢坐车。 C. 我开车比被开车更喜欢。 D. 我喜欢开车，也喜欢被开车。 2. She had deprived herself of the advice of all but yesmen. C A．她丧失了除了唯唯诺诺的人之外的所有人的劝告。 B．她剥夺了自己的所有人的劝告，唯唯诺诺的人除外。 C．她喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，根本听不进所有其他人的劝告。 D．她剥夺了所有人的劝告，除了唯唯诺诺的人。 3．我第一次听她在晚上唱歌，她的歌声就深深地打动了我。B A．Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her song moved me deeply. B. When I first heard her sing at a party, I was deeply moved. C. I first heard her singing a party, I was deeply moved. D. Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her voice moved me deeply. 4.When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. B
期末复习讲话稿 主讲：陈兴君 同学们：转眼这个学期已接近尾声，现在同学们已经进入了期末总复习。考试是检测我们一学期的学习成只，考试成绩是对你一学期的学习情况的鉴定，所以我们要扁度的重视，不掉以轻心。在期末复习期间，如何収得最住效果，关键还在于大家身上，建议大家做到以下几点： 1、上好复习课。在复习课上认真参与，必须开动脑筋与老师一起总结归纳知识规律,进行有目的的练习。因为每一节复习课都是经过老师精心设计的。在复习课中，老师必定和大家一起回顾每类知识的重难点，对前面学过的知识进行浓缩梳理，所以不能错过任何一节复习课，不应在复习课上开小差出现跑神的现彖。 2、敢于提问。如果感到白己哪方面的知识不过关，有疑问的一定要提出來，问同学、问老师、问家长，弄懂以后还要多练习两次。只冇这样，才能及时冇效地弥补自己的知识漏洞。 3、认真完成作业。复习期间，老师会根据知识的重难点，有机布置作业，有目的地练习巩固。因此，必须按老师耍求，认认真真地做好作业，只有这样复习才能达到事半功倍的效果。 4、自我父习。每个同学的知识水平都不一样，每个同学都有与别人不同的知识优势和知识缺陷，因此就要我们有淸醒的头脑，对自己的知I识结构进行认真的分析，找出自己知识上的落后环节，自己制定计划，有选择进行自我复习。因此晩门习没有老师的同意，同学间不讨论问题，不同学间不问作业。 5、不要做激烈的运动，平和心态，克服急躁心态，尤其是课间不打闹，避免伤害事故的发生。中午要求同学们作好休息,不再在球场上打球或踢球。中午1点后都要进教室复习和作业。早上和课间不要迟到,任何同学不能旷课。 6、在期末复习期间有违纪行为耍作严肃处理，多次违纪，不服从教冇的学生请家长带回家自己复习。我们春招的学生更耍遵守纪律，你们下学期要到新的学校了，不能在报后受到学校的纪律处分。 有的同学会问老师，怎样复习效率高呢？下面老师讲这个问题： 冇人总结六个要点： (1)围绕中心，及时复习，巩固深化知识。 复习的首耍任务是巩周和加深对所学知识的理解和记忆。首先耍根据教材的知识体确定好一个中心内容把主耍精力集中在教材的中心、重点和难点上，不真正搞懂，决不放松。其次，要及时巩固，防止遗忘。前苏联教冇家乌中斯基说“与其借助复习去恢复订忆，不如借助复习去防止遗忘。"复习故好在遗忘Z询,倘若在遗忘Z后,效率就低了。复习还耍经常，不能--曝十寒。 ⑵杳缺补漏，保证知识的完整性。我们平时学习屮难免出现理解或记忆上的知识缺漏，通过复习，一旦发现，要及时弥补，加強薄弱环节，学得更扎实。事实证明，凡是抓紧复习的同学，经常对知识查缺补漏，很少在学习上欠”债"，他们总能获得比较完整的知识。 (3)先冋忆，后看书，增强复习效果。 每次复习时，先不忙看帖，而是把老师讲课的内容(包括思路)回想一遍，概念、公式及推导方法先默写一遍，然后再和课本、笔记相对照，哪些对了，哪些错了，哪些忘了，想一想为什么会错、会忘。针对存在的问题，再看书学习，必然留下深刻印彖，经久不忘。这种回忆，既可检验课堂听课效果，増强记忆，乂使随后看书复习重点明确、冇的放矢。对于课后复习來说，确能深化理解，强化记忆。 (4)看参考书,适肖拓宽知识面。 课后复习时述可看一些参考书。参考书耍精选,不宜多，最好在老师指导下每科选-本。看参考帖耍和课堂学习同步进行，即曲绕老师讲课的屮心内容或自己不懂的地方，作为看的重点。还要和教材对照起來看，以掌握教材知识为主，适当加深加宽对卩本知识的理解。参考书中的桔彩部分，可取苴精华，随手摘记。 (5)整理笔记，使知识条理化，系统化。 边复习边整理笔记是使所学知识深化、简化和条理化的过程。 整理可以从三点入手： ①补充提示。补充听课时漏记的要点或复习时新的体会、发现，提示教材的重点、关键或正确思考的角度、方法等。 ②综合归纳。概括各知识要点，写出内容摘要。 ③梳理知识，抓住知识之间的联系，理消条理，编出纲冃。
高一数学期末专题复习（1）——集合及其运算 一、知识梳理 1．集合与元素 (1)集合元素的三个特征：确定性、互异性、无序性． (2)元素与集合的关系是属于或不属于关系，用符号∈或?表示． (3)集合的表示法：列举法、描述法、图示法、区间法． (4)常用数集：自然数集N；正整数集N*(或N＋)；整数集Z；有理数集Q；实数集R. (5)集合的分类：按集合中元素个数划分，集合可以分为有限集、无限集、空集．2．集合间的基本关系 (1)子集：对任意的x∈A，都有x∈B，则A?B(或B?A)． (2)真子集：若A?B，且A≠B，则A B(或B A)． (3)空集：空集是任意一个集合的子集，是任何非空集合的真子集．即??A，?B(B≠?)． (4)若A含有n个元素，则A的子集有2n个，A的非空子集有2n－1个． (5)集合相等：若A?B，且B?A，则A＝B. 3．集合的基本运算 (1)并集：A∪B＝{x|x∈A，或x∈B}． (2)交集：A∩B＝{x|x∈A，且x∈B}． (3)补集：?U A＝{x|x∈U，且x?A}． (4)集合的运算性质 ①A∪B＝A?B?A，A∩B＝A?A?B； ②A∩A＝A，A∩?＝?； ③A∪A＝A，A∪?＝A； ④A∩?U A＝?，A∪?U A＝U，?U(?U A)＝A. 二、典型例题 类型一集合的基本概念 【例1】(1)已知集合A＝{m＋2,2m2＋m}，若3∈A，则m的值为________．（2）设集合A＝{－1,1,3}，B＝{a＋2，a2＋2}，A∩B＝{1，3}，则实数a的值
为________． 【训练1】（1）若集合A ＝{x ∈R |ax 2＋ax ＋1＝0}中只有一个元素，则a ＝( )． A ．4 B ．2 C ．0 D ．0或4 (2)已知集合A ＝{0,1,2}，则集合B ＝{x －y |x ∈A ，y ∈A }中元素的个数是( )． A ．1 B ．3 C ．5 D ．9 （3）已知a ∈R ，b ∈R ，若??????a ，b a ，1＝{a 2，a ＋b,0}，则a 2 016＋b 2 016＝________. 类型二 集合间的基本关系 【例2】 (1)已知集合A ＝{x |－2≤x ≤7}，B ＝{x |m ＋1 2017-2018学年第一学期“备战期末，乘风破浪争佳绩”动员大会上的讲话 老师们、同学们： 期末考试马上就要来临，那么我们每一位同学都想取的一个好成绩，对吗？怎样做迎接期末考试呢？我想从四个方面谈一谈我的几点想法： 1思想上要重视 要从思想上重视这次的期末考试，那么在期末临近的几个星期时间里，要在我们的各任课老师的指导下全面复习，端正自己的行为习惯，遵守学校纪律，不干与学习无关的事，要学会排除各种干扰，消除各种杂念。一心一意想学习，全心全意谋进步。 2.全面复习要尽早的行动起来 谁动手早，谁就会拥有学习的主动权；谁拥有的时间多，谁就会拥有考试的成功；机遇总青睐于有准备的人，“不打无准备之仗”，先下手为强，面对考试，要周密安排，及早动手；千万不能贻误最好的复习备考时间。动手要早，就意味着在思想上和行动上都要跟得上。学习不是一件很轻松愉快的事情，也不是一朝一夕一蹴而就的事情，它必须付出艰苦的劳动。在同学们的思想上，不要把学习看作是一种负担，一种包袱和苦差事，学习是一种追求、兴趣、责任，一种愿望。 3、期末复习的落实要准 期末考试为阶段性考试，主要考察同学们基础知识掌握和知识运用情况，所以在复习时，应该做到： ①分析要准，要给自己一个正确定位，哪科是自己的强科，哪科是自己的弱科，哪部分是自己的弱项，还要分析自己的优点是什么，缺点是什么，影响自己成绩进步的因素有哪些？因为成功的起始点来自于自我分析，了解自己，世界上最顶尖的成功人士都是由不断地学习别人的长处，同时不断改正自己的短处而成功的。 ②复习时要牢抓基础：从课本上的例题入手，习题入手，从最简单的入手，每一道题，都亲自动手做一做，千万别眼高手低，大事做不来，小事不愿做，大题不会做，小题不愿做。 ③重视纠错本，重视总结。我建议每个同学都要建立一个错题记录本，一个典型问题总结本，把学习中遇到的一些有价值的知识点记下来，养成分析错误，提高自己学习质量。同学们要狠抓易错点，易混点不放松，反复练，练反复，直到练会、练准为止，另外，做题后要善于总结、反思，让技巧、方法烂熟于心。 ④期末复习落实要做到“六要”：落实要抓住重点，落实要逐题过关，落实要不折不扣，落实要持之以恒，落实要自我加压，落实要大胆质疑，将问题消灭在考试前。 ⑤要学会举一反三，注意分清相近、相似、相关容的区别，搞清它们之间的联系，系统地强化综合性的容；做到做一个题目，学一种方法，会一类，通一片，对那些错的题目要贴上纸重新做一遍，空着的题目要补做。 ⑥要优化备考方法。办任何事情，方法好，事半功倍；方法不好，事倍功半。成功的备考复习，苦学是基础，实学是根本，巧学是关键。我们 初中学业水平考试 英语试题（5） 注意事项: 1．本试题分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，总分100分，考试时间为90分钟。 2．第Ⅰ卷为单项选择题，共70分；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，共30分。请将答案答在答题纸相应的位置上，交卷时只交答题纸。 卷I（选择题，共70分） I. 单项选择（30小题，每小题1分，共计30分） 从各小题给出的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 1.I think English is ____useful language. We need to learn it well. A. an B. a C. the D. / 2. –Is it your dictionary ? -- No. It is _____. A. her B. herself C. hers D. mine 3.____the night of December 24th, we had a party together. A. On B. In C. At D. By 4. She made a ______to me that she would never laugh at others. A. project B. product C. program D. promise 5.--____will you graduate from your middle school ? --In about two months. A. How far B. How soon C. How often D. How long 6. Do more exercises, and you ________ yourself in math. A. improve B. improved C. are improving D. will improve 7. Lucy often practices ______ with her friends after school. A. play tennis B. play the tennis C. playing tennis D. playing the tennis 8. Look at the “No parking” sign. You _____park your car here. A. should B. may not C. needn’t D. mustn’t 9. _____ fat sheep they are ! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 10. ______of us wants to go to the park today, because we have to finish our homework在期末复习动员会上的讲话
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