1
bless you --- C hina
On May 12th，a powerful earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter Scale has attacked the village which was called Wenchuan in Sichuan Province.
I surfed the Internet from morning till night to see what were happening in that place. I fell very distressed that when I saw the pictures .The whole villages were wiped out by the terrible earthquake. Hundreds of people lost their lives or were rendered homeless. But fortunately，millions of people home or broad have given freely in response to the appeal for the victims of the earthquake.
I hope all of us can try our best to help the victims out of this terrible disaster as soon as possible.
China is a great nation ! Chinese are all great people ! Great Chinese must defeat all the difficulties they meet at last!
I believe and bless you --- China -- my great motherland!
In the sound of the whistle, the May meeting of rain and tears. This is a sad moment: the mothers, fathers, sons, daughters，wives，husbands，lovers, teachers, students，friends, colleagues, neighbours ....... to at 14:28 on May 12 before the dull, busy，hope，Disappointed, sad，happy ..... those beutiful days.
Today’s Wenchuan Festivals, it is only a short farewell. Life, not just breathing and heartbeat. Man’s bitterest sorrows are separation and death not the l ives of the border. Pro-people did not leave, everything will continue. In the ruins of the baby crying sound, called a H Wenchuan H new life, born today.
第2篇
Broken heart，tend to become very fragile, post-disaster reconstruction, the firm has become particularly important, three minutes after we wiped away tears, we can not Zaiku， to bravely live, because their relatives in heaven We watched, Tongbuyusheng，sad to tactic is not their wish to see, good to live in，they are to our expectations, think about this， it has the ruins to life for the life of the mother, "Dear Baby, if Can you live，to keep in mind that mother love you ■’； think that in order to save the expense of four children and teachers, we go to these family members, in their own lives to give us an opportunity to a live, To them，we have to live better. 第3篇
The deceased have to, toward the heaven，where there will be no more disasters，there will be no more tears，but for those who survived the disaster in the compatriots，alive to become a challenge，let them in an instant disaster Separated from the experience of life and death, the mother and son have deep moods, once the husband and wife loved each other, but now they had to be parting, the two separated, disaster, not only their physical destruction, destruction of
their soul, flesh wounds over time slowly healing, can be the soul of grief, but not so far recovered pieces, post-quake reconstruction of their homes can, we can even build their homes more beautiful, but for us, more important is how to build their own spiritual home, how to ask The soul-deep scars.
第4篇
We all Chinese people, is a lifelong hard to forget the day, because today is the "national crisis. Sadness Wenchuan, the country was sad, we use such a way, to commemorate those in earthquake In the passing away of relatives, we used this as a way for them came in on the road toward heaven,
1hope they will be well all the way, when they look back at the earth, will see tens of thousands of their compatriots hand-foot -，Look up to the sky pray for them, so they will not be alone, not lonely。
2If you have received possibly have the earthquake warning, continues to maintain
listens to the local broadcasting station newest report and the suggestion, like the suggestion switches off the liquid gas, the power source. Greatly but the heavy object from high will put on to take away. The jar, the glass, the chinaware and other brittle things admit in the low cabinet, the baggage shelf should have keeps off the hand by to prevent the object whereabouts. The cabinet gate should shut tightly, moves away to be hanging the object.
Below prepares the goods by to prepare urgently needs: Fresh fresh water and emergency food, flashlight, fire extinguisher.
Ts far away these possibly to fall is pounding your thing, possibly can eradicate
in outdoors trees, in the small town construction even if enough is sturdy cannot destroy, the chippings also possibly fall. Runs away spacious to place most ideal,
but if does not have the enough time, stays is possibly safer in the room, on the avenue speech, the gas piping or the electric wire which bursts can increase the risk. Passes in and out the human is most dangerous, extremely easi]y is wounded by the building in bricks and stones.
In room: When the earthquake occurs, if in the indoors, stays in inside, extinguishes the fire, is far away the glass is specially the big window (including mirror and so on). In the room quoin or has the good strut internal way is good seeking
asylum place. Perhaps the low ground or the basement can provide the best survival
opportunity. Hides in under the table bottom or other firm furniture, this not only can provide the protection to you, moreover also has the big breath space. When store, is far away the big cargo exhibition hall, these
cargos possibly can drop down. Also is loaded with the elevator in the multi layered building in the office, in-situ hides in the desk bottom. Do not enter the elevator, the staircase also possibly can crowd the panic-stricken people..
Che Zhong: As far as possible quickly and safely stops - but stays in the vehicle may avoid hit by the whereabouts object. Crouches in hiding under the seat, if has the thing to fall on the vehicle, you will be able to obtain the protection.
When vibrates stops down, the attention observation obstacle and possibly appears danger: Destroyed the electric cable, damages the path and collapses bridge.
Outdoors: When outdoors lie in the ground, do not have to run. This can throw down, also possibly is embezzled by the crack. Is far away the big construction.
Toward derground walk or do not enter the gallery, this can cause to be stranded.
Like you already prepared to the outdoors, did not return to in the building. The earthquake causes any construction not too to be all reliable for the first time, if then again occurs slightly shakes, the building can cave in. Ts safer to the summit. In the pitch earth stone
is easy to fall, if crushes by the number thousand ton heavy soil block or the rock (they to have fearful speed), very little has the opportunity which fortunately survives. Rolls equally on the place like the ball changes the survival.
Beach place: So long as under the cl iff cannot the sui tabl e security, but because the tsunami follows the earthquake but to come frequently, therefore after
vibrates stops leaving the beach as soon as possible to the higher open field shift.
The aftershock risk did not like the tsunami to be so fearful.
如果你已经收到了地震的预警，仍然应该继续听当地广播站的最新报道和建议，比如液
化气或电源的处理建议。最好把贵重物品带走，瓶子，玻璃，瓷器和其它易碎的东西放到
低的柜子里，行李架应该远离以避开下落的物品。柜子的门应该关紧，把悬挂的物品拿下来。
准备物品以便赘急需要：新鲜的水和应急食品，手电筒，灭火器。有可能掉落的物品砸
到你的东西,一些小的建筑如果足够结实不会毁坏，碎石也可能掉丁來.跑到宽阔的地方是最
理想的，但是如果没有足够时间,在房间里呆在原地更安全，煤气管道或电线烧起来会更危
险。进出穿行会很危险，及其容易被建筑物的砖头或石块砸伤.
在房间里：当地震发生时，如果在家里，呆在原地，远离玻璃,特别是大的窗户(包括镜子
等).在房间里有好的内在型建筑是很好的避难地点，或许低地或者地基能山现最高的幸存机
会,藏在桌子下或家具里不但能保护你，而且有更大的呼吸空间.当石头飞到了大的展览馆，
那这些展览品都会被打碎.有很多人会乘坐电梯或藏在桌子下而,不要进电梯,它可能会成为
挤满了恐慌的人的地方.
在车里:找尽可能近的安全的车站，但是呆在车里可能避免被其它物体相撞,如果有东西砸在车上，藏在座位下面能使你获得保护.注意观察障碍物和可能出现的危险比如电缆，破坏
了的道路，崩塌的桥.
在户外:在户外躺在地上,不要乱跑,远离大的建筑物，不要进入地道，它可能使你进退两难,就象你已经准备去户外，不要再回到楼房里,如果发生剧烈震动,楼房能凹下去，石头很容
易掉下来，如果被数千吨重的沙石撞到,幸存的机会就很小了.圆型的地方比如球形的地方能
改变幸存率.
在海滩:在峭壁下而不是非常安全，因为海啸会随着地震频繁出现,因此在震动停止后就
尽快离开海滩，去更高更开阔的地方，余震冰不会象海啸一样可怕
31n your day-to-day living, earthquake may seem a distant possibility. Yet natural disasters such as great earthquake can strike any community, including yours, at any time.
Tf you’re unprepared for a disaster, it can shatter your life.
Then before the earthquake strikes, what should we do ? IV s a serious question we have to discuss.
First, you and your community need to develop stronger building codes. Building codes are the public’s first line of defense against earthquakes. The codes specify the levels of earthquake forces that structures must be designed to withstand. Second, please develop a Family Disaster Plan to let your and your family gain the mastery of Earthquake and know how to take precautions against earthquake. Before a great earthquake, you have to define the evacuating path and the refuge. Think of any special needs that someone in your family might have. Include any other items that your family would need. Such as a flashlight, a lighter, crank radio, food, water for at least 3days and blankets, etc. If you already have part of an emergency survival kit. All you have to do is assemble the supplies in an easy-to-carry container (in case you have to evacuate).
Then you should move or secure objects that could fall and injure you: books, plants, mirrors, lamps, china. Secure objects that could tip and start a fire: water heater, gas appliances. Including teaching members of your family where and how to shut off the water, electricity and gas supply. You can also learn about other community emergency plans.
There arc many things wc need to do to get prepared for a great earthquake-
Don’t be afraid before hazar ds.Heed the Weather condition,get fully prepared to reduce the damage to the least.
在你的日常生活中，地震看起来是很遥远的事情。然而像大地震这样的自然灾害仍有可能袭击你和你的社区，如果你没奋任何准备的话，这将彻底粉碎你的生活乃至生命。在大地震来临之前我们要做些什么准备工作呢？这是一个值得我们讨论的严肃的问题。
首先，你以及你所在的社区要发展一个更有强力的建筑条例。建筑条例是公众防震的第一防守。法规指明了建筑物能达到的耐震度。
其二，展开家庭防灾计划，让你和你的家人掌握地震知识以及知道如何防护地震。在大地震来临之前，要明确疏散路线、避难地点，要考虑每一个家庭成员的任何特殊需要，包括你家人所需要的任何物品，通常需准备好手电筒、打火机、收音机，至少够三天用的食物和饮用水及毛毯等等。如果你已经有了这些紧急生存工具，你所要做的就是把这些物品装在便携容器里（万一不得不疏散时急用）。然后你要移走和牢固那些可能在地震时掉落而造成伤害事故的杂物，如：书，盆栽，镜子，灯饰，瓷器，牢固那些可能翻下来引起火灾的物体：热水气，煤气罐等，还要教会家庭成员在哪里及怎么切断水源，电源及煤气。
你也可以学习一下其它社区的紧急防护计划，大地震来临之前我们还有很多事情需要去充分地准备。在危险来临之前不要改到害怕，留心天气情况，做好充分准备以将伤害减到最小。
4Dear friends
I’m sorry to hear that an earthquake happened to yo ur hometown. The earthquake destroyed you hometown. L ots of houses fell down and some of you can’t see your f amilies any more. Please don’t feel sad. You should b elieve in the Party, the government and the people in the country. Your heart should be full of wishes because the Party, the government and the people are with you all th e time, and they take care of you. They try their best to solve your troubles. They give away their money and man y things for you, and they donate blood for you. So yo u should take care of yourselves. In the future, you shoul d do something useful for our country to answer for their loves.
The Wenchuan massive quake and the prompt rescue an d relief operations have been aired live repeatedly these d ays and reduced me to tears almost every time. I shed m y sad tears for those killed and injured by the deadly qua ke，and for the bereaved elderly and orphans deprived by the quake of the parents* care. I shed my touching tears for those who risked their own lives bringing others back from the verge of death, and for the whole nation which gives the due respect to every life
and never abandons a ny possible chance in the life-saving efforts. I feel so war m living in such a caring society, and so proud being a C hinese.汶川县发生强烈地震并迅速救援和救济行动这几天一再直播，我的眼泪几乎每一次都留下。我伤心的眼泪为那些遇难和受伤，由致命的大地震，和死者的老人和孤儿，被剥夺受地震的父母照顾。我感动的眼泪为那些谁冒着自己的生命，去挽救别人危在旦夕的生命，并且为全民族的给予应有的尊重每一个生
命，决不放弃任何可能的机会，在拯救生命的努力。我觉得温暖，
生活在这样一个充满爱心的社会，并引以为作为一个中国人而骄傲。5玉树地震英语作文玉树地震英语新闻玉树地震英语词汇
earthquake 地震
shake震动；摇晃
tremor颤动；震动
temblor ［美语］地震
hit袭击、打击，使遭受
strike突然发生;打击
jolt使颠簸，摇晃
rock摇，摇动，使振动
roll across波动，起伏，横摇
rip through裂开，破开；突进，横撞直闯
damage损害；损伤destroy毀坏，破坏；摧残
shatter破坏；捣毁；破灭level推倒，夷平flatten夷为平地seismological地震学上的seismology 地震学
devastate蹂躏，破坏；使荒废；毁灭
seismograph ±也震仪
seismographer 地震学家
aftershock 余震
sm al le rt re mo rs
xh Mi l ep ic en te r
瀚 m ag nit ud e^^
Ri ch ter sc al e(l -l o)H f f l J B
瀚幾
at
a sc al e of 7.8 o n th e Ri ch te r a t i o n s t e ?B 7d o ea rth qu ak e
m on ito rin g M l ?^m
ts un am i >
rock
and mud slide s ts un am i
wa rn in g sy st em 薇養連雌ti da l
wa ve s 琴薄，養趋 na tu ra ld is as te rw 绣对姗
tr ag ed y
对為
wreckage 残骸
death toll死亡人数
survivors幸存者
victims受灾者
international contributions 国际援助
evacuation 撤离
rescue team救援小组
2008-05-215.12四川汶川地震一年祭让我们一同悼念祈福
汶川地震“平安无事”的英语表达
来源：美国习惯用语
地震牵动着亿万中国人的心。我们祈祷失踪和被埋的人能够平安无事。今天我们就来学一个‘‘逃离危险，平安无事”的表达：to save one’s skin。
To save one’s skin的意思从字面看是“救了某人的皮”，实际的意思是“安全地逃出了危险的境地，没有受到伤害。”我们来看一个例子：一个人的儿子发生了车祸，这位爸爸说：
My son was in a bad auto accident last week. The other car went through a red light and smashed into him. It wrecked his car, but he was wearing his seat belt and that saved his skin - he walked away without a scratch.
我儿子上星期发生了严重的车祸。那辆车闯红灯，然后撞上了我儿子的车, 把他的车给撞坏了，但是因为他系着安全带，所以一点儿都没有受伤。
下面我们要举的一个例子虽然没有生命危险，但是对于一个学生来说也是很重要的事。我们看看这位学生是怎么说的：
I was in real trouble last night: I had to type up a term paper to turn in to my English teacher this morning and my typewriter broke down. But the girl next door loaned me her typewriter; she really saved my skin.
昨晚我可真是碰到了大问题。今天早上我必须把一篇论文交给英语老师，昨晚得用打字机打完的。结果我的打字机坏了。幸好我隔壁的那个女孩把她的打字机借了给我，这可真是救了我的命。
当然，这里所谓的“救了我的命”只是为了加强语气而已，实际上也就是帮了我一个大忙，解救了一个危机。
An earthquake (also known as a quake) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. The seismicity, seismism or seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. 地震（也称为地震，地震或地震）是一个突然释放的能量在地球的地壳地震波产生的结果。地震活动，地震或地震活动面积是指频率，类型和在一段时间内经历了地震的大小。 There are three main types of fault, all of which may cause an interplate earthquake: normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip. Normal and reverse faulting are examples of dip-slip, where the displacement along the fault is in the direction of dip and movement on them involves a vertical component. Normal faults occur mainly in areas where the crust is being extended such as a divergent boundary. Reverse faults occur in areas where the crust is being shortened such as at a convergent boundary. Strike-slip faults are steep structures where the two sides of the fault slip horizontally past each other; transform boundaries are a particular type of strike-slip fault. Many earthquakes are caused by movement on faults that have components of both dip-slip and strike-slip; this is known as oblique slip. 有故障的三种主要类型，所有这些都可能导致板内地震：正常，反（逆）
a letter of condolence 地震慰问信 1 中国四川汶川大地震灾害严重，已造成500多万人无家可归。请你代表我校 写一封慰问信向灾区人民表示关怀和慰问。 1. 简要描述灾区的情况 2. 对灾区人民表示关怀和慰问 3. 表达灾后重建家园的信心 dear victims, the earthquake which happened two weeks ago in sichuan province is an enormous disaster for our whole nation. it has caused both financial and life loss. until now, fifty thousand people lost their lives due to the earthquake and much more injured seriously. five million people have no homes to return as the majority of the buildings were collapsed we are sorry about this accident. it’s a pity that many children lost their parents and many couples lost their lovers. i could not help but cry when hearing of the moving stories that happened during the disaster. our whole nation is a big family, every member would like to give a helping hand to the people who suffered from the earthquake. we must show our warm-heartedness and make donations to the stricken area so that their broken heart can be warmed. a series of actions has been taken since the earthquake happened. i believe the stricken area will soon be restored with the soldiers and other warm-hearted people’s help. the future will be bright, cheer up! yours sincerely zzia (wj) --------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- 地震慰问信2 dear victims, a week ago, i was shocked at the news about the earthquake in wenchuan. and i’m very sorry to hear that this earthquake was the greatest disaster after 1949. and there are 40075 people who are found dead in the disaster till now and there have been more than 500 million people who are homeless. the floor was ripped through, many blocks and houses were seriously damaged, and even were as flat as a pancake. i’m deeply moved by the volunteers and the international rescue teams victims and survivors with our warm heart. moreover, we contribute a large amount of money to you. and our school will try our best to help you. last but not the least, i hope we all have the confidence to rebuild
《地震灾害及其防御》教学设计 【课题背景】 北京时间5月12日14时28分，四川省汶川县发生了里氏8.0级强震，这次地震破坏程度之、波及范围之广、人员伤亡之惨重以及救援难度之大，是新中国成立以来最严重的。当看到在这次地震中受伤的或失去生命的人们时，我为之流泪，心痛和惋惜。于是，结合人教版选修5地震知识的内容设计了这节特殊的地理课。 【教学目标】 1、知识目标： ①简述地震的原因并了解震级和烈度的区别； ②运用地图，了解世界主要地震带的分布； ③了解地震灾害的特点； ④了解技术部门如何进行地震灾害的监测与防御，政府如何进行救援与救助，并掌握面对地震灾害的一些应急避险方法； 2、能力目标： ①培养从图片、视频资料中提取信息的能力； ②学会用调查访问等方法搜集资料，学会归纳整理资料。
3、德育目标：树立学生的防灾、减灾意识，以正确态度对待地震灾害的发生； 【活动准备】 课前让学生通过各种媒介，搜集有关自然灾害方面的图片、文字资料，了解我国自然灾害情况，并对相关资料进行分类。为学习《自然灾害》做好充分准备。 【教学过程】 1.创设情境，导入新课 播放2008年我国地震灾害的视频： 5.12四川汶川地震。 学生：看后谈谈自己的感受。 教师：是啊，多么可怕的地震灾害。地震灾害一旦发生，人类的家园可能在瞬间被毁灭，生命可能被无情地夺走……那么如此可怕的地震灾害是谁“惹的祸”？在全球范围之内分布在哪里啊？ 学生：主要分布在板块交界的地方。（地震灾害都是板块“惹得祸”）教师：那么最主要的两大的地震带知道在哪里吗？ 学生：环太平洋火山地震带和喜马拉雅山地震带。 2.展示图片，认识灾害
五、防灾减灾与地震安全 一、单选题 1.由于地震的作用而直接产生的地表破坏、各类工程结构类的破坏，及由此而引发的人员伤亡与经济损失，称为( A )。 A.原生灾害 B.次生灾害 C.诱发灾害 2.由于工程建（构）筑物的破坏而随之造成的诸如地震火灾、水灾、毒气泄漏、爆炸、放射性污染、海啸、滑坡、泥石流等灾害，称为( B )。 A.原生灾害 B.次生灾害 C.诱发灾害 3.由地震灾害引起的各种社会性灾害，如瘟疫、饥荒、社会动乱、人的心理创伤等，称为( C )。 A.原生灾害 B.次生灾害 C.诱发灾害 年唐山发生级地震，使整个城市的建（构）筑物破坏，顷刻间化为一片废墟。这次地震造成灾害的原因是由于当时唐山地区的建设( A )。 A.没有考虑抗震 B.建在活断层上 C.位于软弱地基上 年，摩洛哥艾加迪尔的一个旅馆，在级地震的袭击下成为一堆瓦砾，它遭到破坏的原因是它( B )。 A.没按抗震设防要求设计 B.建在活断层上 C.位于软弱地基上 年日本新泻地震造成多栋建筑倾倒、下陷，其原因是它( C )。 A.没按抗震设防要求设计 B.建在活断层上 C.位于软弱地基上 年在离墨西哥首都墨西哥城约400公里的海域连续发生了级和级强
烈地震，给远离震中的墨西哥城造成了严重的震害和经济损失，其原因是墨西哥城( C )。 A.没按抗震设防要求设计 B.建在活断层上 C.建于软弱地基上 8.一般来说同样震级的地震，震源深度越大，对地面造成的破坏( C ) A.越大 B.一样大 C.越小 9.我国防震减灾工作的方针是：“实行预防为主、防御与( A )相结合”。 A.救助 B.抗震建设 C.预报 年4月22日，江苏省溧阳县发生级地震,全县倒塌和毁坏房屋万间。在震后恢复重建中，不少房屋重建或修复时，未考虑( B )。5年后的1979年7月9日，在原地又发生一次6级地震，使34多万间房屋倒塌和毁坏，特别是上次地震破坏的房屋，原样修复，这次又遭破坏。 A.设计翻新 B.抗震设防 C.重新装修 11.我国地震专家认为应急避震较好的办法是：震时( B )。 A.迅速逃离 B.就近躲避 C.就地不动 12.《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》的适用范围，指“在中华人民共和国境内从事地震监测预报、地震灾害预防、( A )、震后救灾与重建等活动”。 A.地震应急 B.地震预报研究 C.防震减灾宣传 13.地震长期预报是指对未来( C )内可能发生破坏性地震的地域的预报。 个月年年 14.地震短期预报是指对( A )内将要发生地震的时间、地点、震级的
英文地震慰问信 篇一：英文的慰问信 下面是写慰问信需要注意的几点： 1.startwithastatementofsympathy 2.followwithsentencesaboutmutualexperiencesorrelationship. 范文： .慰问信（notesofsympathyonillness,injuryandmaterialloss）亲友生了病或受了伤，或由于火灾、水灾、被盗等不幸事件蒙受了损失，就应该写封信 表示慰问。慰问信要写的真诚，要注意措辞。写慰问信时，一定要围绕一个中心，那就是使 收信人从中得到安慰和鼓舞。 1.慰问病人人们在蒙受损失时，总希望能得到朋友的安慰。这种
慰问信一般都比较简短，只表示关 心和同情。 june25,2005 dearmr.thompson, iwasextremelysorrytohearofthefirethatdestroyedyourbeautiful house. iknowwellhowmuchthathousemeanttoyouandihastentooffermysympa thy.withbestwishestoyouboth.sincerelyyours, smith [译文] 亲爱的汤普森先生： 听说火灾毁了您漂亮的住宅，我难过极了。我知道您和夫人是非常喜爱那座房子的。特
立即向您们表示慰问。 向您们致以最诚挚的同情。您诚挚的， 史密斯 2005年6月25日 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5.安慰友人考试落榜（tothosewhocouldnotpasstheentranceexamination）june29,2005 dearbill, whatshockingnewstomewheniwastoldbymr.lewisthatyoucouldnotpa ss theentranceexamination.thismeansyouhavetowaitforanotheryear
预防地震的英语作文范文预防地震的英语作文预防地震的英语作文 As we all know,the earthquake is inevitable,but we can take some methods to reduce it.First,when the earthquake happen we should hide under the furniture which are very solid(坚固的）.Second,we should keep calm,and don't worry about it.Third,we should make sure that the door is open so as to escape.Besides,we should prepare something which we must carry when the earthquake happe.The things which we should carry is that enough water and food,a flashlight,a blanket and so on.TH most important point is that we must learn something about earthquake. Today, there are ways to protect and prepare possible sites of earthquakes from severe damage, through the following processes: earthquake engineering, earthquake preparedness, household seismic safety, seismic retrofit (including special fasteners, materials, and techniques), seismic hazard, mitigation of seismic motion, and earthquake prediction. Seismic retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more
[浅谈对地震的认识阅读答案]对地震的认识浅谈对地震的认识 ①地震是地球内部介质局部发生急剧的破裂,产生地震波，从而在一定范围内引起地面振动的现象。地震就是地球表层的快速振动，在古代又称为地动。它就象刮风、下雨、闪电、山崩、火山爆发一样，是地球上经常发生的一种自然现象。 ②地震波指地震时，在地球内部出现的弹性波，主要包含纵波和横波。地下的横波能引起地面的水平晃动，横波是地震时造成建筑物破坏的主要原因。地下岩层断裂和错动发源的地方，叫作震源。震源在地面上的垂直投影，地面上离震源最近的一点称为震中。它是接受振动最早的部位。震中到震源的深度叫作震源深度。对于同样大小的地震，由于震源深度不一样，对地面造成的破坏程度也不一样。震源越浅，破坏越大，但波及范围也越小，反之亦然。 ③地震按成因分为构造地震、火山地震、陷落地震等类。按震源深浅可分为：浅源地震（震源深度小于70千米）、中源地震（震源深度70-300千米）、深源地震（震源深度大于300 千米）。全世界95%以上的地震都是浅源地震，震源深度集中在 5-20千米上下，如汶川 __的震源深度只有 10 千米，而雅安芦山地震也仅有13千米，它们都处在龙门山地震带上。
④地震给人类带来的灾害是巨大的。地震是世界上最凶恶的敌人，它所造成的直接灾害有建筑物与构筑物的破坏，如房屋倒塌、桥梁断落、水坝开裂、铁轨变形等等。地震可引发多种次生灾害：崩塌、滑坡、地裂缝、地面塌陷、沙土液化，沿海地区海底地震引起的海啸等。 ⑤地震学家都想找到预测地震的方法，但迄今为止地震预测技术 仍未成熟，其主要有以下原因：其一，地震是小概率事件，很难验证研究者的思路、方法及观测结果。其二，地球具有“不可入性”，仅仅用地球表面的观测来推断地下的物理过程是十分团难的。其三，如果承认地震是地壳内的一种临界现象，那么它具有不稳定性，对初始条件的变化十分敏感，这就可能导致对地震发生时刻的预测的不确定。 ⑥看来，人类对地震孕育发生的原理、规律虽有所认识，但还没 有完全认识；人类可以对某些类型的地震做出一定程度的预报，但还不能预报所有的地震。 【小题1】从说明内容角度看，本文是一篇说明文，请简述说明 顺序。（3分）
初二关于地震的英语作文 After 5. earthquake struck sichuan province since 20xx, we, I was so frightened by an earthquake, I felt the earthquake many houses will be apart, can let many people lost their lives, is one of the world's most terrible disaster. Today I saw "China children's encyclopedia, really know anything about earthquake. It turns out that the earthquake happened all of a sudden the vibration phenomenon, like the wind, rain, is a kind of common natural phenomena. Vibrations in the earth, in fact, very frequently, probably every 30 seconds there will be time, but most of them are very ease, people did not feel. We can feel the earthquake is due to the relative movement between earth's tectonic plates, rock is squeezed, produce a huge amount of energy to make rock failure in an instant, or make originally the already existing fracture activity, suddenly release a large amount of energy, and some of the energy to the earth's surface, make the earth trembling violently, causing strong earthquake. Started happening earthquake site is called the source, the source above the ground is called
第一篇： A horrible earthquake happened in japan.The enormous wave of ten meter height washed away all the coast area northwest of the country. But what’s more is nuclear power station explosion. Though a lot of countries including China have sent many rescues to help the Japanese, but the Japanese are still in misery,for there’s many people killed in the earthquake. A strong earthquake attacked Japan at 1:46pm. I was shocked when I heard about the bad news. Why there were so many disasters in the world? I looked up some files about the top fourteen worst earthquakes in the past one hundred years from internet. And some earthquakes even came with tsunamis. It was said that 300 thousands of people died in 2004 as a result of the earthquake and tsunami happened in Indonesia. And 242 thousands of citizens died in Tangshan Earthquake in 1976 in China. Also in 2008, another big earthquake happened in China, and more than 7 thousands passed away. How awful it is when we talk about these figures. Everyone should cherish what we have now. I felt scary when I watched 2012. But the disasters happened are more fearful. Dalian is not far away from Japan, my colleague told me that she would be too panic to go to bed tonight. It is funny. I did not worry about that. No one can expect what will happen in the next minute. Just enjoy every minute in our life. It is enough~ strong earthquake attacked Japan at 1:46pm. I was shocked when I heard about the bad news. Why there were so many disasters in the world? I looked up some files about the top fourteen worst earthquakes in the past one hundred years from internet. And some earthquakes even came with tsunamis. It was said that 300 thousands of people died in 2004 as a result of the earthquake and tsunami happened in Indonesia. And 242 thousands of citizens died in Tangshan Earthquake in 1976 in China. Also in 2008, another big earthquake happened in China, and more than 7 thousands passed away. How awful it is when we talk about these figures. Everyone should cherish what we have now. I felt scary when I watched 2012. But the disasters happened are more fearful. Dalian is not far away from Japan, my colleague told me that she would be too panic to go to bed tonight. It is funny. I did not worry about that. No one can expect what will happen in the next minute. Just enjoy every minute in our life.
地质灾害的认识 1 概述 地质灾害是指在自然或者人为因素的作用下形成的，对人类生命财产、环境造成破坏和损失的地质作用（现象）。常见的地质灾害主要指危害人民生命和财产安全的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝、地面沉降等六种与地质作用有关的灾害。 由地质灾害的定义可知，地质灾害的内涵包括两个方面，即致灾的动力条件和灾害事件的后果。地质灾害是由地质作用产生的，包括内动力地质作用和外动力地质作用；随着人类活动规模的不断扩展，人类活动对地层表面形态和物质组成正在产生愈来愈大的影响，因此，在形成地质灾害的动力中还包括人为活动对地球表层系统的作用，即人为地质作用。只有对人类生命财产和生存环境产生影响或破坏的地质事件才是地质灾害。如果某种地质过程仅仅是使地质环境恶化，并没有破坏人类生命财产或影响生产、生活环境，只能称之为灾变；例如，发生在荒无人烟地区的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流，不会造成人类生命财产的损毁，故这类地质事件属于灾变；如果这些崩塌、滑坡、泥石沉等地质事件发生在社会经济发达地区、并造成不同程度的人员伤亡和（或）财产损失，则可称之为灾害。 1.1 国外地质灾害研究现状 1976 年，前国际工程地质协会主席Arnould 教授在发表的题为“地质灾害—保险和立法及技术对策”一文中提出了“地质灾害(geological hazard)”一词，他把滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、地震灾害看成是一种地质灾害。 1965 年，WI.Garrison 提出了“地理信息系统”(Geographic information system)简称(GIS)。20 世纪80年代后期到90 年代，GIS 大量地应用于地质灾害，国外尤其发达国家将GIS 应用于地质灾害研究方面做了较多工作。 随着高精度遥感技术的出现，遥感“眼”在地质灾害的评价与预测方面显示出广泛的应用前景。如法国利用SPOT卫星三维测量立体成图技术进行大范围的灾害监控。另外干涉雷达技术和差分干涉技术也广泛应用于地质灾害研究。 国外关于地质灾害研究多集中在模型的建立和计算机实现上，如“3S”在地质灾害的监控与可视化、数字减灾系统DDRS(Digital Disaster Reduction System)等方面的应用。DDRS 是利用遥感技术(Remote Sensing)、全球定位系统
防灾减灾知识竞赛题库及答案（最新） 一、判断题 1自然灾害是给人类生存带来危害或损害人类生活环境的自然现象。（对） 2灾情指自然灾害造成的人员伤亡、财产损失和其他危害人类社会的破坏现象。（对） 3我国有多种类型的自然灾害，尤其以地震、干旱、洪涝、台风等灾害危害最为严重。（对） 4自然灾害的发生具有随机性，是不可预测的。（错） 5自然灾害的发生具有区域差异性。（对） 6巨灾频发已成为亚洲人居安全和经济可持续发展的重要制约因素之一。（对） 7亚洲的巨灾以地震、洪水、风暴、干旱、海啸、山体崩滑为多。（对） 8重大自然灾害的发生往往具有群发性。（对）
9次生灾害是由一种灾害引发的其他灾害。（对） 10世界上任何事物都有二重性，自然灾害现象也并非惟害而无利。（对） 11面对灾害，预防比救助更为经济。（对） 12面对灾害，预防比救助更为人道。（对） 13许多自然灾害在发生、发展过程中，往往诱发一系列的次生灾害与衍生灾害，形成多种形式的灾害链。（对） 14灾害监测、预测、预警、灾情评估、重建等工作中都可用到卫星遥感技术。（对） 15减灾是一项复杂的系统工程。（对） 16《后汉书·礼仪志》记载：朝廷要求“自立春至立夏尽立秋，郡国上雨泽”。这是我国最早对报灾提出的要求。（错） 17秦朝制订的《田律》是关于环境保护、减轻灾害内容的规定。（对）
18“国际减灾十年”活动是由美国科学家弗兰克·普雷斯博士于1984年提出的世界性防灾减灾的战略构想。（对） 19目前，国家减灾委员会成员由国务院有关部委局、军队、科研部门和非政府组织等34个单位组成。（对） 20我国从上世纪50年代年均因灾平均死亡数万人，到目前年均仅死亡2000余人，这是党和政府对于防灾减灾工作的重视、投入巨大财力、物力用于减灾工程建设和重视非工程建设的结果。（对） 212008年北京奥运会组委会提出“安全奥运”理念，也包括了减灾工作。（对） 22国家自然灾害救助应急综合协调机构是国家减灾委员会。（对） 23国家自然灾害救助应急预案设定了4个响应等级。（对） 24按照国家自然灾害救助应急预案的规定，重大自然灾害发生后，由国家减灾委办公室统一发布灾情。（对） 25因灾死亡30人以上，可以启动国家自然灾害救助应急预案中规定的4级响应。（对）
汶川地震英语作文 汶川地震英语作文 Strong earthquake hits China A powerful earthquake measuring 7.8 has hit China's southern province of Sichuan, shaking buildings as far away as Beijing, Shanghai and Bangkok. It was not immediately clear if there were any casualties or damage from the tremor which the the US Geological Survey (UGS) earlier put at 7.8. The epicentre of the quake was 93 kilometres north of Chengdu. Wenchuan, which took full force of the quake, has a population of 111,000 people. It is in an ethnic Tibetan area in Aba county which recently saw violent clashes between Tibetans and Chinese authorities. According to some reports there was a second earthquake measuring 3.9 which hit the Beijing district of Tongzhou at roughly the same time.
关于地震的高中英语作文 【我寄语】以下是笔者为大家整理的关于地震的高中英语作文，文章仅供大家参考：If you have received possibly have the earthquake warning, continues to maintain listens to the local broadcasting station newest report and the suggestion, like the suggestion switches off the liquid gas, the power source. Greatly but the heavy object from high will put on to take away. The jar, the glass, the chinaware and other brittle things admit in the low cabinet, the baggage shelf should have keeps off the hand by to prevent the object whereabouts. The cabinet gate should shut tightly, moves away to be hanging the object. Below prepares the goods by to prepare urgently needs: Fresh fresh water and emergency food, flashlight, fire extinguisher. Is far away these possibly to fall is pounding your thing, possibly can eradicate in outdoors trees, in the small town construction even if enough is sturdy cannot destroy, the chippings also possibly
《地震灾害》教学设计 临沧市一中赵珍 1、教学目标 ①、通过自主学习了解地震、地震灾害等相关概念； ②、结合图2-1-2“震源和震中”理解并记忆地震的构成要素； ③、通过自主学习，知道衡量地震的指标及其分类； ④、通过合作探究理解震级和烈度的联系与区别； ⑤、读图2-2-3“板块边界构成地震带”和世界自然灾害分布图，知道世界两大地震带的分布，并比较横波和纵波的速度； ⑥、通过学习，树立防灾减灾的意识。 2、教学的重难点及其突破 ①、教学重难点： A、地震的构成要素； B、衡量地震的指标及其分类； C、世界两大地震带的分布及其名字。 D、震级和烈度的联系与区别。 ②、重难点突破 A、利用图2-1-2“震源和震中”和2-2-3“板块边界构成地震带”以及世界自然灾害分布图强化加深教学重难点A和B； B、通过合作探究，突破教学难点C。 3、新课导入 采用与授课内容有关的视频进行导入，已达到提高教学内容的直观性和提高学生学习兴趣和积极性的效果。 4、教具 利用多媒体自制课件进行教学，以便在教学过程中做到指令明确。 5、教学过程（教学流程） ①、新课导入（2分钟） 以地震的视频导入新课，使学生对地震灾害和地震有一个直观感性的认识。 ②、预习检查（5分钟） 通过结合地图提问和小组相互检查评分的方式检查学生的预习效果。 A、教师每组提问一个问题，分值为1分； B、各小组采用采用“递评”（1组评2组、2组评3组……10组评1组）的方法对每个小组的预习案进行评分——分值为9分； C、以上两项的和为每个小组课前预习的得分，并由评价小组的小组长把该组的得分写到黑板上相应的表格里。 ③、合作探究（20+4+2=28分钟）
防灾减灾教案 文件编码（008-TTIG-UTITD-GKBTT-PUUTI-WYTUI-8256）
防灾减灾主题班会 三年级三班活动目的： 1、使学生了解有关生命的来之不易与宝贵，感悟生命的可贵。 2、使学生懂得地震防护知识及其灾害小常识。 活动过程： 一、地震知识介绍： 地震是威胁人类安全的一种严重自然灾害。那些曾发生在居民区，尤其是人口稠密、经济发达地区的大地震，给社会造成了巨大的灾难，使不少人心理上蒙上一层恐惧地震的阴影，甚至谈震色变。一次地震，从感觉到震动到房屋倒塌，通常只有十几秒的时间。在这十几秒的时间里，无论是跑出去还是就地躲避，都要迅速采取措施，不要犹豫，以免在犹豫中丧失生存的机会。经验表明，震时就地躲避，震后迅速撤离到安全的地方，是应急避震中较好的办法。避震时要重点保护好头部、颈部、眼睛、口、鼻等身体重要部位。 二、介绍几种可以简单辨识的地震前兆 1.地下水异常：井水是个宝，前兆来得早。 无雨水质浑，天旱井水冒。 水位变化大，翻花冒气泡。 有的变颜色，有的变味道。 2.动物异常：震前动物有预兆，密切监视最重要。 骡马牛羊不进圈，鸭不下水狗狂叫。 老鼠搬家往外逃，鸽子惊飞不回巢。 冰天雪地蛇出洞，鱼儿惊惶水面跳。 3.地光和地声：地光和地声是地震前或地震时从地下或地面发出的光亮及声音，是重要的临震预报。 临震前，一瞬间，地声隆隆地光闪。 大震将至要果断，迅速行动快避险. 三、在震中紧急避险的方法
1、在家中或办公室，应就近躲到坚实的家具下，如写字台、结实的床、农村土炕的炕沿下，也可躲到墙角或管道多、整体性好的小跨度卫生间和厨房等容易形成三角区的地方，要注意保护头部，注意不要躲到外墙窗下、电梯间，更不要跳楼。震后20秒左右要立即跑出室外，到开阔地避免受余震的伤害。 2、在教室里，要在教师指挥下迅速抱头、闭眼、蹲到各自的课桌下。地震一停，迅速有秩序撤离，撤离时千万不要拥挤。 3、在影剧院、体育场或饭店，要迅速抱头卧在座位下面；也可在舞台或乐池下躲避；门口的观众可迅速跑出门外。 4、在百货商场或超市，应就近躲藏在柱子或大型商品旁，但要尽量避开高大的货架或玻璃柜。在楼上时，要看准机会逐步向底层转移。 5、在工作间，要迅速关掉电源和气源，就近躲藏在坚固的机器、设备或办公家具旁。 6、在室外，要尽量远离狭窄街道、高大建筑、高烟囱、变压器、玻璃幕墙建筑、高架桥和存有危险品、易燃品的场所。为防止余震伤人，地震后不要轻易跑回未倒塌的建筑物内。 7、在行驶的汽车、电车或火车内，应抓牢扶手，以免摔伤、碰伤，同时要注意避免行李掉下来伤人。面朝行李方向的人，可用胳膊靠在前排椅子上护住头面部；背向行李方向的人可用双手护住后脑，并抬膝护腹，紧缩身体。地震后，迅速下车向开阔地转移。 8、无论在何处躲避，都要尽量用棉被、枕头、书包或其他软物体保护头部。如果正在使用明火，应迅速把明火灭掉。 三、自由畅谈对安全的认识。 四、结束语：同学们，学习掌握一些有关地震、防震的知识，进一步提高防震减灾意识，增强防震减灾技能，是减轻地震灾害和地震影响的有效途径。希望大家学会用知识守护自己的生命。
All of those broken bones in northern Japan, all of those broken lives and those broken homes prompt us to remember what in calmer times we are invariably minded to forget: the most stern and chilling of mantras, which holds, quite simply, that mankind inhabits this earth subject to geological consent—which can be withdrawn at any time. For hundreds, maybe for thousands of people, this consent was withdrawn with shocking suddenness—all geological events are sudden, and all are unexpected if not necessarily entirely unanticipated—at 2:46 on this past clear, cool spring Friday afternoon. One moment all were going about their quotidian business—in offices, on trains, in rice fields, in stores, in schools, in warehouses, in shrines—and then the ground began to shake. At first, the shock was merely a much stronger and longer version of the temblors to which most Japanese are well accustomed. There came a stunned silence, as there always does. But then, the difference: a few minutes later a low rumble from the east, and in a horrifying replay of the Indian Ocean tragedy of just some six years before, the imagery of which is still hauntingly in all the world’s mind, the coastal waters off the northern Honshu vanished, sucked mysteriously out to sea. The rumbling continued, people then began to spy a ragged white line on the horizon, and, with unimaginable ferocity, the line became visible as a wall of waves sweeping back inshore at immense speed and at great height. Just seconds later and these Pacific Ocean waters hit the Japanese seawalls, surmounted them with careless ease, and began to claw across the land beyond in what would become a dispassionate and detached orgy of utter destruction. We all now know, and have for 50 years, that geography is the ultimate reason behind the disaster. Japan is at the junction of a web of tectonic-plate boundaries that make it more peculiarly vulnerable to ground-shaking episodes than almost anywhere else—and it is a measure of Japanese engineering ingenuity, of social cohesion, of the ready acceptance of authority and the imposition of necessary discipline that allows so many to survive these all-too-frequent displays of tectonic power. But geography is not the only factor in this particular and acutely dreadful event. Topography played an especially tragic role in the story, too—for it is an axiom known to all those who dwell by high-tsunami-risk coastlines that when the sea sucks back, you run: you run inland and, if at all possible, you run uphill. But in this corner of northeast Japan, with its wide plains of rice meadows and ideal factory sites and conveniently flat airport locations, there may well be a great deal of inland—but there is almost no uphill. Such mountains as exist are far away, blue and distant in the west. All here is coastal plain. And so the reality is this: if a monstrous wave is chasing you inland at the speed of a jetliner, and if the flat topography all around denies you any chance of sprinting to a hilltop to try to escape its wrath, then you can make no mistake—it will catch you, it will drown you, and its forces will pulverize you out of all recognition as a thing of utter insignificance, which of course, to a tsunami, all men and women and their creations necessarily must be. 所有这些骨折在日本北部,所有这些破碎的生活和那些破碎的家庭促使我们希望记住在平静