一、what is the name of the US system?
美国信用体系
二、what is the objective？
保证以信用交易为主要交易手段的市场经济能健康发展，使企业和消费者形成自觉培育和维护自己良好信用的习惯
三、what is the scope？
国家、银行、证券公司、基金、债券及上市大企业；各类大中小企业；普通消费者
四、Who is the involve?
监督机构和执法机构、完全市场化运作的信用服务企业主体、对信用产品有强烈需求的信用产品使用者
监督和执法机构分两类:一类是银行系统的机构,包括财政部货币监理办公室、联邦储备系统和联邦储蓄保险公司;一类是非银行系统的机构,包括联邦贸易委员会、国家信用联盟办公室和储蓄监督局。
信用公司分为三种：
1、资本市场上的信用评估机构，即对国家、银行、证券公司、基金、债券及上市大企业的信用进行评级的公司（代表公司有穆迪、标准普尔、菲奇）
2、商业市场上的信用评估机构。即对各类大中小企业进行信用调查评级的公司（代表公司有邓白氏集团）
3、对消费者信用评估的机构，在美国叫信用局,或叫消费信用报告机构。所谓信用局,是向需求者提供消费者个人信用调查报告的供应商。信用局的基本工作是收集消费者个人的信用记录,合法地制作消费者个人信用调查报告,并向法律规定的合格使用者有偿传播信用报告。（目前美国有三家大的信用局,分别是美国人控股的全联公司(rTansUinon)、Equifax 公司和英国人控股的益百利公司(ExPerian)）。
1.What is the name of the US system?
American credit system
2.What is the objective?
To ensure that the market economy with credit transaction as the main means of the transaction can develop healthily so that enterprises and consumers form the habit of consciously cultivating and maintaining their good credit
3.What is the scope?
The countries, Banks, securities companies, funds, bonds and listed large enterprises; All kinds of large and small enterprises; Ordinary consumer
4. Who is involve?
Supervision and law enforcement agencies, credit service enterprises with the full market operation, and users of credit products with strong demand
There are two types of oversight and enforcement agencies: those in the banking
system, including the office of the comptroller of the currency, the federal reserve, and the federal deposit insurance corporation; One category is non-banking institutions, including the federal trade commission, the office of the national credit union, and the office of thrift supervision.
There are three types of credit companies:
1. Credit rating agencies in the capital market, that is, companies that rate the credit of countries, Banks, securities companies, funds, bonds and listed large enterprises (on behalf of companies including Moody’s, standard & poors and fitch)
2. Credit evaluation agencies in the commercial market. That is a company that conducts credit surveys and ratings on a wide variety of small and medium enterprises (represented by the Dun&bradstreet group)
An agency that evaluates consumer credit is called a credit bureau or a consumer credit reporting agency in the United States. The so-called credit bureaus are suppliers that provide consumers with personal credit survey reports to those in need. The basic work of a credit bureau is to collect personal credit records of consumers, legally make personal consumer credit investigation reports, and disseminate credit reports for payment to qualified users as required by law. (there are now three big credit bureaus in the U.S.: American-owned Transunion, Equifax and British-owned Experian.)