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Part III Reading Comprehension（45 minutes，30 points，1 for each）Directions：There are 5 passages in this part．Each passage is followed by 5 questions．For each of them there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the best one and blacken the corresponding letter in the circle on your ANSWEET SHEET．Passage OnePeople are living longer than ever，but for some reason，women are living longer than men．A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 Can expect to live to be about 73，a baby girl，about 79．This is indeed a wide gap，and no one really knows why it exists．The greater longevity（长寿）of women，however，has been known for centuries．It was，for example，described in the seventeenth century．However，the difference was smallerthen—the gap is growing．A number of reasons have been proposed to account for the differences．The gap is greatest In industrialized societies，So it has been suggested that women are 1ess susceptible to work strains that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism．Sociologists also tell US that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men （and this may be why they are more careful drivers，involved in fewer accidents）．Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy．It was once suggested that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force，the age gap would begin to close，because smoking is related to earlier deaths．Now，however，we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply．One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men．That is，they report far more illnesses．But when a man reports ail illness，it is more likely to be serious．Some researchers have suggested that men may die earlier because their health is more strongly related to their emotions．For example，men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do．Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job．（Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system．）Among men，death follows retirement with all alarming promptness．Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem．Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage．After all，the phenomenon is not isolated to humans．Females have the edge among virtually all mammal all（哺乳动物的）species，in that they generally live longer．Furthermore，in many of these species the differences begin at the moment of conception；there are more male miscarriages（流产）．In humans，after birth，more baby boys than babygirls die．31．What Can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A．Men’s lifespan remains almost unchanged．B．Researchers have found the causes of the age gap．C．The more advanced a society，the greater the age gap．D．The age gap was noticed only recently．32．As is suggested in Paragraph 2，the two factors relevant t0 women’s longer lifespan are．A．diseases and road accidentsB．industrialization and work strainsC．their immunity to heart disease and refusal 0f alcoh01D．their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure33．According to Paragraph 3，which of the following statements is true?A．The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap．B．The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap．C．Female workers are more likely to smoke than male workers．D．Smoking does not seem to affect women’s longevity．34．Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?A．Men’s healt h is more closely related to their emotions．B．Though more liable to illnesses，women still live longer．C．Men show worse symptoms than women when they fallⅢ．D．Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement．35．The word“edge’’ in Paragraph 6 means “”．A．margin B．side C．advantage D．quality36．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The greater longevity of women remains a mystery．B．That women are healthier than men well explains their longevity．C．People are living longer as a result of industrialization．D．Women are less emotionally affected by difficulties in life．Passage TwoUntil 1ast spring．Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school on Bus 59．But as fuel prices rose，the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation COSTS．So the school’s busing company redrew its route map，eliminating Nia’s bus altogether．Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school via a “walking school bus”－－－ a group of kids，supervised by an adult or two，who make the walk together．Like t11e rest of US，school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs—and finding new ways to adapt．The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in the past two wears．For the typical American school district，bus bills total 5 percent of the budget．As administrators look to trim，busing is an inviting target，since it doesn’t affect classroom i11struction （or test scores）．More than one third of American school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget．Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school，partly because many did so themselves：according to a 1969 survey，nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school，compared with only 1 6 percent in 200 1．Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic，crime or simple bullying，but with organized adult supervision，thoseconcerns have diminished·Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save．In rural areas where busing is a must．some schools have even chosen four－day school weeks．Busing companies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling．They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel—efficient routes，which aren’t always the shortest ones．There could be downsides，however，to the busing cutbacks．If every formerly bused student begins walking to school，it’s an environmental win—－but if too many of their parents decide to drive them instead，the overall carbon footprint can grow．Replacing buses with many more parent—driven cars can also increase safety risks：A 2002 report concluded students are 1 3 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car，since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size And some students complain about the long morning hikes，particularly when the route contains a really big hill．37．The “walking school bus’’．A ．aims to keep children fitB．does not consume fuelC．seldom causes traffic jams D．is popular with school kids38．In America the responsibility for busing kids to school lies with．A．school districtsB．individual schools C．teachers D．parents39．As regards walking to sch001．modem parents seem much concerned with the．A．time spent on the way B．changes in the routeC．safety of their children D．kids’ physical strength40．To save money，some schools choose to．A．shorten the school week B．take the shortest routesC．give drivers better training D．use fuel—efficient buses41．Busing cutbacks may eventually lead to．A．fiercer competition among bus companiesB．more students taking public transportationC．a decrease in the safety of school busesD．an increase in carbon dioxide emissions42．Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards busing cutbacks?A．Favorable．B．Critical．C．Indifferent．D．Objective．Passage ThreeIf you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months．You’ve probably been avoiding the media．There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon，considered a type of aggressive driving．You have most likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all．While drunk driving remains a critical problem，the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing．For instance，according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association，41，907 people died on the high way last year．Of those fatalities，the agency estimates that about two—thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior．Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now，and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories，and all are probably partially correct．One suggestion is sheer overcrowding．In the last decade，the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent，andthe number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent．However，the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent．That means more cars in the same amount of space；and the problem is magnified in urban areas．Also，people have less time and1110re things to do．With people working and trying to fit extra chores（琐事）and activities into the day，stress levels have never been higher．Stress creates anxiety，which leads to short tempers．These factors，when combined in certain situations，can spell Road Rage．You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively，but you might be surprised．For instance，have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver，sounded the horn long and hard at another car，or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations，watch out！Whether you are getting angry at other drivers，or another driver is visibly upset with you，there are things you Can do to avoid any major confrontation．If you are susceptible to Road Rage．the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way．If you are the target of another driver’s rage，do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely，including avoiding eye contact and geeing out of their way．43．The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies thatA．Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few monksB．people not interested in the media know little about recent happeningsC．one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid themD．the media coined the term “Road Rage”only a few months ago44．According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association，last yearA．more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk drivingB．drunk driving remained the No．1 killer onthe highwaysC．two thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive drivingD．41,907 people fell victim to aggressive driving45．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving?A．Increasing number of cars．B．Drivers’ stress and anxiety．C．Rush hour traffic．D．Overcrowded roads．46．The word “spell’’in Paragraph 3 meansA．cause B．speak C．describe D．spare47．Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?A．Talking while driving．B．Driving fastC．Sounding the horn when passing．D．Yelling at another driver48．The last paragraph is intended toA．inform people how aggressive drivers could beB．tell people how to cope with Road RageC．tell people how to control themselves when angryD．warn people against eye contact with another driverPassage FourMany are aware of the tremendous waste of energy in our environment，but fail to take advantage of straightforward opportunities to conserve that energy．For example，everyone knows that lights should be switched off when no One is in an office．Similarly’ when employees are not using a meeting room，there is no need to regulate temperature．Fortunately，one need not rely on human intervention to conserve energy．With the help of smart sensing and network technology，energy conservation processes such as turning off lights and adjusting temperature can be readily automated．U1timatelv’mis technology will enable consumers and plant managers to better identify wasteful energy use and institute procedures that lead to smarter and more efficient homes，buildings and industrial plants．Until now，wires and cables for power and connectivity have limited the widespread adoption of sensor（传感器）networks by making them difficult and expensive to install and maintain．Battery—powered wireless networks can simplify installation and reduce cost．But their high power consumption and the corresponding need for regular battery replacement has made wireless networks difficult and costly to maintain．Nobody wants to replace hundreds or thousands of window sensor batteries ill a large building on a regular basis．The promise of wireless sensor networks can only be fully realized when the wiring for both the data communication and the power supply is eliminated．Doing so requires a true bakery—free wireless solution，one that can utilize energy harvested directly from the environment．To facilitate the widespread deployment of wireless sensornetworks，Green Peak has developed an ultra－low －power communication technology that can utilize environmental energy sources such as light，motion and vibration．This technology, employingon—board powermanagementcircuitsand computer software to monitor energy harvesters and make the best use Of harvested energy，enables sensors to operate reliably in a battery—free environment．wireless sensor networks deployed in our offices and homes will have all enormous impact on our daily lives，helping to build a smarter world in which energy is recycled and fully utilized．These wireless platforms，equipped with advanced sensing capability，will enable US to better control our lives，homes and environment，creating a truly connected world that enables people worldwide to live in a more comf0Itable．safer，and cleaner environment．49．By “human intervention’’（Paragraph 2），the author refers toA．the reduction of great energy waste in the environmentB．the grasping of straightforward opportunities availableC．the adoption of smart sensing and network technologyD．acts like turning off lights when no one is in the room50．Batteries are not an ideal energy source for sensor networks because theyA．contain metals that pollute the environmentB．have to be replaced from time to timeC．require automatic recharging。
试卷一Paper One(90 minutes)Part I Dialogue Communication(10 minutes，10 points，1 for each) Section ADialogue CompletionDirections：In this section，you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers，each followed by 4 choices A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1.A：Could you install this equipment for me?B： e on.don’t you SCC I’m busy now?B.Unless you can help mc with my computerC.It’S very heavy.It’11 be ok ifyou can find another handD.Ifl were you.1 would do it myself2. A：Martin.congratulations on your winning such a great awardB：A.Oh，do you really think so?B.All the honor should go to my colleaguesC.You know，I have stayed up very late recentlyD.I have great confidence to win this time3. A.Do you know what happen to Jack?B：I don’t care what happen to himB：A.I know you feel ill ofhim，but he failed in the driving test againB.I know you arc fed up with him，but he is still fineC.Oh，you shouldn’t look up to himD.I know you feel sick of hearing his noxnc，but he was seriously injured in the car accident4. A.The phone bill was$1 60 this month.Someone must have made several international calls without keeping mc informedB：A.Wow.I don’t know you are such a stingy personB.You mean I did it when you were absent?C.I’m sorry.Mrs.Jones.I forgot to tell you that I called my girlfriend in Italy a couple of times.D.It’S none of my business.But I guess it’S Ted who did it，because he has a girlfriend inFrance.5. A：What do you think I should dress for the reception?B：A.Oh，just come asyou oreB.Do you really need to dress up yourselfC.Really?You will join the reception?D.Coat and tie.I’m sureSection BDialogue ComprehensionDirections：In this section，you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman.At the end of conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer to the question by marking the corresponding letter with a single box across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6. M：Mary.I bought an old vase for$10.but it turned out to be 500 years oldW：You’ve gotta be kidding.It must be imitationQ：What does the woman mean?A.The man is cracking ajoke on herB.It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for SO little moneyC.The man is out of his mind about the old vaseD.The man is run into a great fortune7. W：Hey.Frank.you look upset.Is it the problem with the project?M：Yeah.I can’t come up with the solutionQ：What’S wrong with the man?A.He con’t find a good idea about the problemB.He feels hopeless about the projectC.He has encountered another problemD.He is going to give up the project8.M：Call you come over for dinner tonight?W：I’m up to my ears in works.SO I’11 have to take a rain checkQ：What does the woman mean?A.She wants to check the weather before decidingB.She has a problem with her hearingC.She’d enjoy coming to dinner another timeD.She want the man to help her with some work9. M：I've got a C on the biology test.So I have to talk to the Professor to change itW：That will give you nowhere.The only thing you con do is to do it better next time Q：What does the woman mean?A.It’S useless to talk to the professorB.The professor is often unfairC.The man has done well enoughD.Theman call’t bebetter next time10.M：I Call’tputup with Josefatthe meeting.Itwas an insultto meW：But you should be outspoken about thisQ：What is the woman’S suggestion?A.The man should not say things like thatB.The man should fight backC.The moll should show his anger openlyD.The man should not complain openlyPart II Vocabulary(10 minutes，10 points，0.5 for each) Section ADirections：In this section there are Choose the one from the meaning of the sentence SHEET with a single line are ten sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined.four choices marked A，B，C and D that best keeps the.Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER through the center1 1.Consumer groups protesting againist prices in this city nowA.clothingB.clinging toplaining aboutD.clutching with12.They have announced that two failing firms have eventually emerged?ernedB.greetedmittedbined13.Two Substitutes were used the during the basketball gamesA.playersB.centersC.refereesD.replacements1 4.His plans should succeed without too much trouble，for it seems feasiblepleteB.decisiveC.daringD.possible1 5.Judgment was suspended till the following Monday because of the lack of the evidenceA.changedB.discussedC.postponermed16.The object for each other in the game of chess is to trap the other player’S king intoa positionfrom which escape is impossibleA.skillB.aimC.interestD.Difficulty1 7.the colors red，blue and yellow canbe.Mixed human eye con distinguishA.soakedB.rankedC.blendedD.purchased18.Annie’Sjob as an assistant at the university observatory was to classify stars according to their spectra.A.10cateB.photographC.drawD.categorize19.During the United States civil Nor，many people in the south were forced to flee their home.A.retum toB.pay taxes onC.run away fromD.rebuild20. It is reported that the policemen are pursuing the bank robbers in the country.A.appealing toB.chasingC.applying toD.claiming forSection BDirections：In this section，there are 10 incomplete sentences.For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding le~er on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.21.Oil is an important material which can be processed into molly different products，including plasticsA.rawB.bleakC.flexible D .fertile22.The high living standards of the US cause its present population to 25 percent of the world’S oil.A. assumeB.consume C .resume D .presume23.You shouldn’t be so I didn’t mean anything bad in what I saidA .sentimentalB .sensibleC .sensitiveD .sophisticated24.Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the of art for later genrations.A.philosophyB. concept C .viewpoint D .theme25.Member states had the option to——from this agreement with one year’S notice.A. deny B .object C .suspect D .withdraw26.The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations，traditionallya source of irritation.A .mutualB .optional C. neutral D. parallel27.Williams had not been there during the moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A .superior B. rigorous C.vital D.unique28.Travel around Japan today，and one sees foreign residents a wide Of jobs .A .rangeB .field C. scale D. area35.Mayor Booker’S effort against crime seem to beA.idealisticC.effectiveB.impracticalD.fruitless36.The best title forthe passage may beA.Stop Shooting，Start Thinking，and KeepB.Efforts to Fight against Gun CrimesC.A Mission to Revitalize the CityD.Violent Murders in NewarkPassage TwoAccording to a recent survey on money and relationships，3 6 percent of people are keeping bank account from their partner.While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in relationship，in truth it may just be a form of financial protection .With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce，men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy regardless of whether t11eY are in a relationship The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce Call be extremely difficult，even more so when children are involved.The lack of permanency in relationships，jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner;in other words，an’’escape fund”.Margaret’s story is far from unique.She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings .Every month on pay day，she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband.She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incerdible $1 00，000 on top of her pension .Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage.’’He’d think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong.I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is，but you can never be sure.’’Like many of her fellow secret savers，Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her own money .Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad.Take example，who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner.’’ decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own.1 wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.’’“When John found out about my secret savings，he was a little suspicious of my motives.I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship.I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future.It’s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security.’’37.The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because .A.escape fund helps one through rainy daysB.days are getting harder and harderC.women are money sensitiveD.financial conflicts often occur3 8.The word：.saIiw”(Line2：Para 2)probably means .A.suspiciousC.shrewdB.secureD.simple39.W hat would Margaret’s husband probably do if he found out about her secret savings?A.breaks up with herB.builds anest eggforherC.interprets this as a divorcing signalD.escapes the wrong place40.Which inference coil we make about Margaret?A.She is a unique womanC.She is going to retireB.She was once divorcedD.She has many children41.The author mentions Colleen’s example to showA.any couple can avoid marriage conflictsB.privacy within marriage should be respectedC.everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriageD.financial disclosure is not necessarily bad42.Which of the following best summary this passage?A.Secret SaversC.Banking HonestyB. Love I Wat it’s WorthD.Once Bitten，Twice ShyThe word‘protection’is no longer taboo(禁忌语)”.This short sentence，uttered by French resident Nicolas Sarkozy last month，may have launched a new era in economic history.Why? or decades，Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural ood.Doing so，they reasoned，would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity，which in turn would improve human welfare.Championing free trade thus became a moral，not just an economic，cause.These leaders，of course，weren’t acting out of unselfishness.They knew their economies were the most competitive，so they’d profit most from liberalization.And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity.Today，however，the tables have turned…though few acknowledge it.The West continues to preach free trade，but practices it less and n，meanwhile，continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade .That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important：he finally injected some honesty into the trade debates.The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade，though few leaders admit it.Some economists are more honest.Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning.In the short run，there will be winners and losers under free trade.This，of course，is what capitalism is all about.But more and more of these losers will be in the West，Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Jonoph Schumpeter，who said that‘creative destruction”was an essential part of capitalist growth.But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there.When Western workers began losing jobs，suddenly their leaders began to lose faitll in their principles，Things have yet to reverse com pletely.But there’s clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice .A little hypocrisy(虚伪)is not in itself a serious problem.The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization.Lock at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund)The Europeans have demanded that t11eY keep the post of managing director.But all too often，Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions .The time has therefore come for the Asians-who ore clearly the new winners in today’S global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade：Sadly，they have yet to do SO.Unless Asians speak out，however，there’S a real danger that Adam Smith’S principles，which have brought SO much good to the world，could gradually die.And that would leave all of US，worse off,in one way or another .43.It can be in ferred that“protection”(Line 1，Para.1)meansA improving economic efficiencyB.ending the free-trade practiceC.10wering moral standardD.raisingtradetariffs44.The Western leaders preach free trade becauseA.it is beneficial to their economiesB.it is supported by developing countriesC.it makes them keep faith in their principlesD.it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam45.By“the tables have turned”(Line 3-4，Para.2)theA.the Western leaders have turned self-centered Smith author implies thatB.the Asian leaders have become advocates of free tradeC.the developed economies have turned less competitiveD.the developing economies have become more independent46.The Western economies used to like the idea of“creative destruction’’because itA.set a long-term rather than short-turn goalB.was an essential part of capitalist developmentC.contained a positive rather than negative mentalityD.was meant to be the destruction of developing economies47.The author uses“IMF’’was an example to illustrate the point thatA.European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB.there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC.global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocatesD.European countries’interests are being ignored by economic leaders48.Which of the following is true about Asians?ns have to speak out the protectionns have demand that they keep the post of managersns succeed in today’S globa l economyns succeed by Adam Smith’S principlesNames have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education.As colleges strive for market share，they are looking for names that proj ect the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make.Trenton.State College，for example，became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.“All I hear in higher education is，‘Brand，brand，b rand’said Tim Westerbeck，who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne，a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations.“There has been a sea change over the last l 0 years.Marketing u sed to be almost a dirty word in higher education.”Not all efforts at name changes are successful，of course.In 1997，the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges，offering a list of maj ors that includes psychology，music，urban studies and management.But New Yorkers continued to call it the New Sch001.Now，after spending arl undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant’s creation of“haming structures.’’“brand architecture’’and“identity systems.’’the university hascome up with a new name：the New Sch001.Beginning Monday，it will adopt new logon(标识)，banners，business cards and even new names for the individual colleges，all to include the words“the New Sch001.’’Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived.In altering its name from Cal State.Hayward，to Cal State，East Bay，the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco.The University of Southern Colorado，a state institution，became Colorado State University at Pucblo two years ago，hoping to highlight many internal changes，including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards.Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 200 1 for several reasons：to break the connection with its past as a women’s college，to promote its growth into a full-fledged(完全成熟的)university and officials acknowledged，to eliminate some jokes about the coll ege’s old name on late-night television and‘'morning ZOO”radio shows.Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results.At Arcadia，in addition to the rise in applications，the average students’test score has increased by 60points，Juli Roebeck，arl Arcadia spokeswoman said.49.which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?A .They prefer higher education competitionB .They try to gain advantage in market shareC .They want to proj ect their imageD .They hope to make some changes50.It is implied that one ofthe most significant changes in highter education in the past decade isA.the brand.B .the college namesC .the concept of marketingD. list ofmajors.5 1.What happened to New School for Social Research?A.It is renamed by New YorkersB.It Offers a list ofbooksC.It contains management and MBA courseD.Its new name is not Successful52.The phrase”come up with”(Line 3 Para 4)probably meansA.catchupwithB.dealwithC.putforwarde to the realization53 The case of name changing from Cal State Hayward to Cal State indicates that the universityA .is perceived by the societyB. hopes to expand its influenceC.prefers to reform its reaching programsD.expects to enlarge its campus54.According to the spokeswoman the name change of Beaver CollegeA .turns out very successfulB. fails to attain its goalC. has eliminated some jokesD. has trlsformed its statusIt looked just like another aircraft from the outside The pilot told his young passengers that it was built in 1964.But appearances were deceptive and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their livesInside the area that normally had seats had become a long white tunnel.Heavily padded(填塞) from floor to ceiling it looked a bit strange.There were almost no windows，but lights along the padded walls illuminated it.Most of the seats had been taken out apart from a few at the back where the young scientists quickly took their places with a look of fear .For 12 months，science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency.the challenge had been to suggest imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions .For the next two hours the flight resembled that of an enornlous bird which had lose its reason，shooting upwards towards the heavens before rushing towards Earth.The invention was to Achieve weightlessness for a few seconds .The aircraft took off smoothly enough.But any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45 degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds.Then the engines cut out and we became weightless.Everything become confused and left or right.Up or down no longer had any meaning.after ten seconds of flee fall descent the pilot pulled the aircraft out of its nosedive.The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss.but was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bumpEach time the pilot cut the engines and we became weightless.A new team conduct it experience.First it was the Dutch who wanted to discover how it is that cats always land on their feet.then the German team who conducted a successful experiment on a traditional building method to see if could be used for building a further space station.the Americans had 3.11 idea to create solar sails that could be used by satellitesAfter two hours of going up and down in the lane doing their experiments，the predominate feeling was one of excitement rather than sickness.Most of the students thought it was unforgettable experience and one they would be keen to repeat .55.what did the writer say about the plane?A .Ithadno seats.B. It was painted whiteC. It had no windowsD. The outside was misleading.5 6.according to the writer，how did the young scientists feel before the flight?A.sickB.keenC.nervousD.impatient57.According to the passage，what can be concluded about European Space Agency?A.It produces air-planesB.It sends invitationsC.It trains students from across the continentsD.It conducts imaginative experiments58.what did the pilot do with the plane after it took off?A.He quickly climbed and then stopped the enginesB.He climbed and them made the plane fall slowly.C.He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 secondsD.He climbed and then made the plane turn over59.Acoording to the passage，the purpose ofbeing weightless was toA.see what conditions bare like in spaceB.prepare the youngC.show thejudges of the competition what they could doD .make the teams try out their ideas60.this passage was written toA.encourage young people to take up scienceB.describe the process of a scientific competitionC.show scientists what young people can doD.report on a new scientific techniquePart IV Cloze(15 minutes，15 points，1 for each)Directions：In this part，there is a passage with 15 blanks.For each blank there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center .Most people who travel long distances complain ofjetlag(喷气飞行时差反应).Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 6l making mistakes.It is actually caused by disruption of your‘'body clock” a small cluste r of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 62 .The body clock is de-signed for a一63一rhythm of daylight and darkness，so that it is thrown out of balance when it experiences daylight and darkness at the‘'wrong”times in a new time zone.The 64 ofj etlag often persist for days 65 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.Now a new a_nti-jetlag system is 66 that is based on proven extensive pioneering scientitic research Dr.Martin Moore-Ede has devised a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 67 controlled exposure to bright light.The time zone shift is easy toaccomplish and eliminates 68 of the discomfort ofjetlag.A succesful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either 69 or avoid bright light.Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse.The proper schedule 70 light exposure depends a great deal 011 7l travel plans.Data on a specific flight itinerary(旅行路线)and the individual’s sleep 72 are used to pro duce a Trip Guide with 73 .on exactly when to be exposed to bright light.Whell the Trip Guide calls 74 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible.If it is dark outside，or the weather is bad， 75 you are on an aeroplane，you Carl use a special light device to provide the necessary light stimulus for a range of activities such as reading，watching TV or working.61.A.for B.from C.to D.of62.A.actions B.Functions C.reflection D.behavior63.A.regular B.formal C.continual D.circular64.A.diseases B.symptoms C.Sings D.defects65.A.While B.Where C.if D.although66.A.adaptable B.approachable C.available D.agreeable67.A.at B.through C.acailable D .agreeable68.A.most B.least C.Little D.more69.A.artain B.shed C.retrieve D.seek70.A.on B.with C.for D. in71.A.unique B.Specific C. Complicated D .peuliar72.A.Norm B .instructions C .pattern D.style73.A.directories B.insructions C.Specifications D. commentaries74.A.Off B.on C .for D.up75.A.or B .and C .but D .while试卷二Paper Two(60 minutes)Part I Translation(30 minutes，20 points，10 for each section) Section ADirection：Translate the following passage into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week，let US recognize at the outset these points：we have at times in the past been enemies.We have differences today What brings US together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.As we discuss our differences，neither of US will compromise ourprinciples.But while we cannot lose the gulf between US，we can try to bridge it SO that we may be able to talk across itSection BDirection：Translate the following passage into English.Write your translation on the ANSWERSHEET.中国作为疆域辽阔、人口众多、历史悠久的国家，应该对人类有较大的贡献。
同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试历年真题及详解2011年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试真题及详解一、听力理解(30分)第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，共7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the woman going to do?A. See a doctor.B. Buy some medicine.C. Stay at home.2. What does the man think of his new car?A. It's a lot better than his old one.B. It's just as good as he expected.C. It's worse than he had hoped.3. What will the woman probably buy?A. Some meat.B. Some cheese.C. Some vegetables.4. Where did the woman find the wallet?A. In the park.B. In a shop.C. At the restaurant.5. What does the man suggest doing?A. Going to a movie.B. Going out for dinner.C. Staying at home.第二节(共15小题，每题1.5分，共22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2011年同等学力英语真题答案一卷一、口语交际答案1-5. ADCBA6-10.ADCBD二、词汇11-15.ADADB16-20.BCDCA21-25.DCDCD26-30.BBAAC三、阅读理解31-36.ABDBCC37-42.CDDBCA43-48.CDABCD49-54.BBDBCA55-60.DCCABA四、完型填空61-65.BCACC66-70.BBDAA71-75.DBDAC二卷英译汉Over the years, we tend to think that nuclear technologies and the necessary know-how to ensure nuclear safety have been developed to a level that possibilities for any major nuclear accidents are almost non-existent and if it does happen, it will be that you just can't be too careful to handle nuclear energy. We don't know for sure yet what will be left behind Japan's nuclear crisis, but it will be certain that it is time to re-examine our nuclear practices and many more efforts need to be made to ensure nuclear safety in the future.很多年以来，我们已经习惯认为核技术以及必要的如何保证核能安全问题已经发展达到一定的水平，任何大的核事故几乎不可能存在了；而如果核事故真正发生了，那就是你再怎么小心处理都不为过。
2011年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题Paper One 试卷一PartⅠDialogue Communication(略）PartⅡVocabularySection A11. 【答案】A【解析】题干中的overlook意为“忽视”。
A项“忽视”；B项“预见”；C项“勘察”；D项“评定”。
只有A项与题干中画线单词意义相近。
【译文】新闻报道完全忽视了这一事件的深层政治含义。
12. 【答案】D【解析】题干中的be obliged to意为“有义务做某事”。
A项“使想起”；B项“预料”；C项“被迫”；D项“有义务”。
只有D项与题干中画线单词意义相近。
【译文】和孩子们接触的老师和护士被要求，一旦发现虐童现象就要向当局报告。
13. 【答案】A【解析】题干中的originality意为“独创性”。
A项“创造性”；B项“流行”；C项“可行性”；D项“灵活性”。
只有A项与题干中画线单词意义相近。
【译文】你的成绩在很大程度上是根据你那有创意的想法来定的。
14. 【答案】D【解析】题干中的deliberate意为“蓄意的”。
A项“神志清醒的”；B项“绝望的”“铤而走险的”；C项“笨拙的”；D项“有意的”。
只有D项与题干中画线单词意义相近。
【译文】我们认为有人蓄意策划妨碍选举并且上海选举委员会。
15. 【答案】B【解析】题干中的scarcely意为“几乎不”。
A项“只是”；B项“几乎不”；C项“差一点”；D项“明确地”。
只有B项与题干中画线单词意义相近。
【译文】我的处境如此奇怪以致于我几乎无法相信我参加了他们的聚会。
16. 【答案】B【解析】题干中的trap意为“困住”。
A项“约束”；B项“抓住”；C项“隐藏”；D项“专心于”。
只有B项与题干中画线单词意义相近。
【译文】烟雾微粒和其他空气污染物往往被困在大气中，这样就形成了“脏雾”。
17. 【答案】C【解析】题干中的hazardous意为“有危险的”。
2011年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题Paper One 试卷一(90 minutes)PartⅠDialogue Communication (10 minutes，10 points，1 for each)(略）PartⅡVocabulary (20 minutes，10 points，0. 5 for each)Section ADirections；In this section there are 10 sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11. The news reports completely overlooked the more profound political implications of theevents.A. neglectedB. foresawC. exploredD. assessed12. Teachers and nurses who deal with children are obliged to report cases of suspected childabuse to authorities.A. remindedB. expectedC. compelledD. requested13. Your grade will be based in large part on the originality of your ideas.A. creativityB. popularityC. feasibilityD. flexibility14. We suspect there is a quite deliberate attempt to sabotage the elections and undermine theelectoral commission.A. consciousB. desperateC. clumsyD. intentional15. So strange were the circumstances of my story that I can scarcely believe myself to have beena party to them.A. justB. hardlyC. almostD. definitely16. Smoke particles and other air pollutants are often trapped in the atmosphere, thus formingdirty fog.A. constrainedB. caughtC. concealedD. concentrated17. Employees in chemical factories are entitled to receive extra pay for doing hazardous work.A. poisonousB. difficultC. dangerousD. harmful18. Curt Carlson, the wealthiest man in Minnesota, owned a hotel and travel company with salesreaching in the neighborhood of $ 9 billion.A. preciselyB. merelyC. substantiallyD. approximately19. The tendency of the human body to reject foreign matter is the main obstacle to successfulorgan transplantation.A. factorB. constituentC. barrierD. break20. Whenever you need Tom, he is always there whether it be an ear or a helping hand, so you canalways lean on him.A. count onB. benefit fromC. stand forD. sticks toSection BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine- scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. It______ without saying that consumers would be happier if prices were lower.A. takesB. appearsC. makesD. goes22. The world economic recession put an______ end to the steel market upturn that began in2002.A. irregularB. illegalC. abruptD. absurd23. I'm______ about how you discovered my website, and am very glad if you enjoy it.A. mysteriousB. furiousC. seriousD. curious24. The Labor Party's electoral strategy, based on an______ with other smaller parties, hasproved successful.A. acquaintanceB. integrationC. allianceD. intimacy25. The new aircraft will be______ to a test of temperatures of —65°C and 120°C.A. suspendedB. suppressedC. summonedD. subjected26. The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful______ to my ordinary income.A. profitB. supplementC. subsidyD. replacement27. Chinese people are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining ______ oftooth decay.A. treatmentB. incidenceC. consequenceD. misfortune28. Many countries have conservation programs to prevent certain______ of fish from becomingextinct.A. speciesB. sourcesC. numbersD. members29. Susan never took any cookery courses；she learned cooking by______ useful tips from TVcookery programs.A. picking upB. bringing upC. putting upD. pulling up30. The President______ his deputy to act for him while he was abroad.A. promotedB. substitutedC. authorizedD. displaced.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneUntil last spring, Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school on Bus 59. But as fuel prices rose, the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs. So the school’s busing company redrew its route map, eliminating Nia’s bus altogether. Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school via a “walking school bus ”一a group of kids, supervised by an adult or two, who make the walk together.Like the rest of us, school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs—and finding new ways to adapt. The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in the past two years. For the typical American school district, bus bills total 5 percent of the budget. As administrators look to trim, busing is an inviting target, since it doesn’t affect classroom instruction (or test scores). More than one third of American school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget.Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school，partly because many did so themselves: according to a 1969 survey, nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school, compared with only 16 percent in 2001. Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying, but with organized adult supervision, those concerns have diminished.Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save. In rural areas where busing is a must，some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks. Busing companies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling. They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-efficient routes, which aren’t always the shortest ones.There could be downsides, however, to the busing cutbacks. If every formerly bused student begins walking to school, it’s an environmental win-but if too many of their parents decide to drive them instead，the overall carbon footprint can grow. Replacing buses with many more parent-driven cars can also increase safety risks: A 2002 report concluded students are 13 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car, since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size. And some students complain about the long morning hikes, particularly when the route contains a really big hill.31. The “walking school bus”______.A. does not consume fuelB. aims to keep children fitC. seldom causes traffic jamsD. is popular with school kids32. In America the responsibility for busing kids to school lies with______.A. individual schoolsB. school districtsC. teachersD. parents33. As regards walking to school, modem parents seem much concerned with the______.A. time spent on the wayB. changes in the routeC. kids，physical strengthD. safety of their children34. To save money, some schools choose to ______.A. take the shortest routesB. shorten the school weekC. give drivers better trainingD. use fuel-efficient buses35. Busing cutbacks may eventually lead to ______.A. fiercer competition among bus companiesB. more students taking public transportationC. an increase in carbon dioxide emissionsD. a decrease in the safety of school buses36. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude towards busing cutbacks?A. FavorableB. CriticalC. ObjectiveD. Indifferent.Passage TwoPeople are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can expect to live to be about 73，a baby girl, about 79.. This is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity (长寿）of women, however, has been known for centuries. It was，for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then—the gap is growing.A number of reasons have been proposed to account for the differences. The gap is greatest in industrialized societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work strains that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism. Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers，involved in fewer accidents).Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy. It was once suggested that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. That is, they report far more illnesses. But when a man reports an illness, it is more likely to be serious.Some researchers have suggested that men may die earlier because their health is more strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men, death follows retirement with an alarming promptness.Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans. Females have the edge among virtually all mammalian (哺乳动物的）species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences begin at the moment of conception: there are more male miscarriages (流产）.In humans, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.37. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A. Men’s lifespan remains almost unchanged.B. Researchers have found the causes of the age gap.C. The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap.D. The age gap was noticed only recently.38. As is suggested in Paragraph 2，the two factors relevant to women’s longer lifespan are______.A. diseases and road accidentsB. industrialization and work strainsC. their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcoholD. their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure39. According to Paragraph 3，which of the following statements is true?A. The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap.B. The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap.C. Female workers are more likely to smoke than male workers.D. Smoking does not seem to affect women’s longevity.40. Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?A. Men’s health is more closely related to their emotions.B. Though more liable to illnesses，women still live longer.C. Men show worse symptoms than women when they fall ill.D. Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement.41. The word “edge” in Paragraph 6 means “______”A. marginB. sideC. advantageD. quality42. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The greater longevity of women remains a mystery.B. That women are healthier than men well explains their longevity.C. People are living longer as a result of industrialization.D. Women are less emotionally affected by difficulties in life.Passage ThreeMany are aware of the tremendous waste of energy in our environment, but fail to take advantage of straightforward opportunities to conserve that energy. For example, everyone knows that lights should be switched off when no one is in an office. Similarly, when employees are not using a meeting room, there is no need to regulate temperature.Fortunately, one need not rely on human intervention to conserve energy. With the help of smart sensing and network technology，energy conservation processes such as turning off lights and adjusting temperature can be readily automated. Ultimately, this technology will enable consumers and plant managers to better identify wasteful energy use and institute procedures that lead to smarter and more efficient homes，buildings and industrial plants.Until now, wires and cables for power and connectivity have limited the widespread adoption of sensor (传感器）networks by making them difficult and expensive to install arid maintain. Battery-powered wireless networks can simplify installation and reduce cost. But their high power consumption and the corresponding need for regular battery replacement has made wireless networks difficult and costly to maintain. Nobody wants to replace hundreds or thousands of window sensor batteries in a large building on a regular basis.The promise of wireless sensor networks can only be fully realized when the wiring for both the data communication and the power supply is eliminated. Doing so requires a true battery-free wireless solution, one that can utilize energy harvested directly from the environment. To facilitatethe widespread deployment of wireless sensor networks, Green Peak has developed an ultra-low-powered communication technology that can utilize environmental energy sources such as light, motion and vibration. This technology, employing on-board power management circuits and computer software to monitor energy harvesters and make the best use of harvested energy, enables sensors to operate reliably in a battery-free environment.Wireless sensor networks deployed in our offices and homes will have an enormous impact on our daily lives, helping to build a smarter world in which energy is recycled and fully utilized. These wireless platforms, equipped with advanced sensing capability, will enable us to better control our lives, homes and environment, creating a truly connected world that enables people worldwide to live in a more comfortable, safer and cleaner environment.43. By “human intervention”(Paragraph 2)，the author refers to______.A. the reduction of great energy waste in the environmentB. the grasping of straightforward opportunities availableC. acts like turning off lights when no one is in the roomD. the adoption of smart sensing and network technology44. Batteries are not an ideal energy source for sensor networks because they______.A. have to be replaced from time to timeB. contain metals that pollute the environmentC. require automatic recharging 'D. are difficult and costly to maintain45. Battery-free wireless sensor networks are made possible by the fact that______.A. there is energy in the environment to be utilizedB. the cost of using them has been drastically reducedC. modern data communication consumes little energyD. their maintenance has been greatly simplified46. According to the passage, Green Peak______.A. is the first company to install wireless sensor networksB. promotes the application of wireless sensor networksC. supplies batteries operating on harvested energyD. benefits handsomely from communication technology47. The focus of Paragraph 4 is on the______.A. replacement of batteries in harvestersB. monitoring of energy harvested from the environmentC. elimination of batteries in sensor networksD. impact of sensor networks on power supply48. Wireless sensor networks promise to______.A. bring businesses high profitsB. further develop the sensing technologyC. turn motion into a major source of energyD. improve the daily lives of people worldwidePassage FourIf you haven't heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’veprobably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.While drunk driving remains a critical problem，the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those fatalities, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only- increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space；and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores (琐事）and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors，when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!Whether you are getting angry at other drivers，or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major confrontation. If you are susceptible to Road Rage，the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.49. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that ______.A. people not interested in the media know little about recent happeningsB. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months.C. one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid themD. the media coined the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago50. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, last year______.A. drunk driving remained the No. 1 killer on the highwaysB. more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk drivingC. two-thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive drivingD. 41，907 people fell victim to aggressive driving51. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving?A. Increasing number of cars.B. Drivers’ stress and anxiety.C. Overcrowded roads.D. Rush hour traffic.52. The word “spell” in Paragraph 3 means “_______"A. speakB. causeC. describeD. spare53. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?A. Talking while driving.B. Driving fast.C. Yelling at another driver.D. Sounding the horn when passing.54. The last paragraph is intended to______.A. tell people how to cope with Road Rage.B. inform people how aggressive drivers could beC. tell people how to control themselves when angryD. warn people against eye contact with another driverPassage FiveIn the early 20th century, a horse named Clever -Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance，psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cleverly picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial signals given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the “Clever Hans” effect, Lisa L it at the University of California and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searches for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr. Lit found, they do.Dr. Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search areas might contain up to three target scents，and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any “detections” made by the teams thus had to be false.The findings reveal that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts struck Dr. Lit as fascinating，it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.When handlers could see a red piece of paper，allegedly marking a location of interest，they were much more likely to say that their dogs signaled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals—who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying “wolf” at the unconscious signal of their handlers.How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously “profiled” people being sniffed by a drug-or explosive-detecting dog at an airport，false positives could abound. That is not only bad for innocent travelers，but might distract the team from catching the guilty.55. What did psychologists find out about Clever Hans?A. He was as clever as people claimed.B. He was really good at counting.C. He could understand human language.D. He merely responded to human signals.56. Lisa Lit and her colleagues______.A. questioned the “Clever Hans” effectB. discovered the “Clever Hans” effectC. confirmed the “Clever Hans” effectD. rejected the “Clever Hans” effect57. The dog handlers learned before the searches that______.A. each search area contained three target scentsB. there was actually no target scent in the search areaC. some target scents may be labeled with a special markD. their dogs were expected to find the scents of red paper58. What was most significant about the experiment, according to Dr. Lit?A. The location of the false alerts.B. The regularity of the false alerts.C. The number of the false alerts.D. The timing of the false alerts.59. It can be concluded from the experiment that______.A. dog handlers are more likely to be distracted than their dogsB. dogs may act in response to their handlers，bodily signalsC. the cooperation between dogs and their handlers is key to successD. well-trained dogs can better understand their handlers’ signals.60. The author thinks that Dr. Lit’s findings______.A. should raise our concern in real lifeB. may not be useful in real situationsC. should be backed up by further evidenceD. will be widely applied in the near futurePart ⅣCloze (15 minutes，15 points, 1 for each)Directions:In this part，there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Zoos have become an important site for the preservation and protection of wildlife resources, 61 those species that are endangered. 62 ，many zoos displayed live animals for public entertainment. Presently some zoos have become scientific and educational 63 that have contributed to the understanding and conservation of wild animal populations. 64 the challenges facing modern zoos are the cost of upgrading old facilities，the struggle to obtain 65 operating funds, and the need to attract more visitors to new and entertaining exhibits.Many 66 zoos in American cities have undergone renovation (翻新）during the last decades of the twentieth century. Among the recent trends in zoo 67 is the construction of new enclosures that resemble natural habitats (栖息地）.The replacement of traditional steel bars and concrete floors 68 appropriately designed surroundings improves visitor appreciation of the animals. Such renovations may 69 stress on animals and allow them to interact with one another more naturally.Several major zoos conduct captive propagation programs. A captive propagation program includes the breeding of 70 zoo or wild animals to obtain offspring, usually for release to 71 or for transfer to other zoos. Captive breeding is one method of 72 some species from extinction.Zoos have expanded and improved public education programs also, with education departments that develop programs 73 zoo exhibits. Public activities include in-school programs,zoo tours, special events, and websites. The Zoological Society of New York, for example, conducted a major project with a Western African government to monitor an elephant herd 74 it moved throughout its range.The importance of zoos will increase as natural habitats are diminishing. Through their efforts 75 conservation, education,, and environmental advocacy, zoos will continue to play a critical role in wildlife preservation throughout the world.61. A. superficially B. e specially C. i mportantly D. s upposedly62. A. By that time B. B y the time C. A t one time D. A t that time63. A. institutions B. a ssociations C. f oundations D. c orporations64. A. Along B. T oward C. A mong D. T hrough65. A. limited B. p rofessional C. s ufficient D. e xcessive66. A. newer B. o lder C. f ormer D. l ater67. A. management B. i mprovement C. a chievement D. a ssessment68. A. under B. f or C. i nto D. w ith69. A. reduce B. c ause C. i ncrease D. a void70. A. selected B. s ustained C. p romising D. s urviving71. A. natural B. t he natural C. w ild D. t he wild72. A. restraining B. s aving C. s heltering D. e xempting73. A. attributed to B. o pposed to C. r eferred to D. r elated to74. A. as B. as if C. so D. so that75. A. in search of B. in honor of C. in support of D. in charge ofPaper Two 试卷二(60 minutes)PartⅠTranslation (30 minutes, 20 points，10 for each section)Section ADirections: T ranslate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Over the years, we tend to think that nuclear technologies and the necessary know-how to ensure nuclear safety have been developed to a level that possibilities for any major nuclear accidents are almost non-existent and if it does happen, it will be controlled in the capable hands of nuclear engineers. However, reality has proved again that you just can’t be too careful to handle nuclear energy. We don’t know for sure yet what will be left behind Japan's nuclear crisis, but it will be certain that it is time to re-examine our nuclear practices and many more efforts need to be made to ensure nuclear safety in the future.Section B(略）PartⅡWriting (30 minutes，15 points)Directions:In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “How to Handle Stress”. The clues given below are for your reference only，NOT the outline you should follow. Please remember to -write your composition clearly on the COMPOSITION SHEET.1. Common sources of stress.2. Healthy ways to reduce stress.3. How you have overcome stressful situations.。
2011年同等学力申硕英语真题（B卷）Part One(90 minutes)Part 1 Dialogue communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each)Section A Dialogue completionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that b est suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1.A: Dan gave me a free ride home, but I paid for the gas.B: You know what they say, ____.A one good turn deserves anotherB there’s no free lunchC it’s who you know that countsD don’t bite off more than you can chew2. A: David said he bought a new BMW for $5,000!B: _____. Sounds pretty cheap to me!A: Well, that’s what he said.A Come to think of it.B Are you sure?C Do you think so?D Is he crazy?3. A: We just came back from Phoenix. And we had the best vacation in years.B: ____. I’m glad to hear it.A How was it?B Oh, my goodness!C Good for you.D Oh, there you go again.4. A: I just can’t stand this class any more?B: ____. It’s required, and you have to sit in it in order to graduate.A Why, you can say that again!B Well, why not just drop out of it?C Wh y, I couldn’t agree more!D Well, you might as well get used to it.5. A: I don’t know about you, but I thought that film was terrific.B: ____. The action was great, and so was the music.A I’m with you thereB Just the same.C More or less.D I sure do.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices ma rked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices by ma rking the corresponding letter with single bar across the square brackets on your ma chine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6. Woman: I’m tired of driving all the way to work and back every day. If only cars could drive themselves!Man: Well, some car manufactures are working on them. I guess you’ll soon buy one if you can afford it.Question: What does the man imply?A Cars that drive themselves may be very expensive.B The woman will be able to buy an intelligent car.C He is working with a car producer on intelligent cars.D Driving to work is really a headache.7. Woman: I’d rather not talk about it. Just don’t ask.Man: Come on. I think you need to let off some steam.Question: What does the man advise the woman to do?A To keep the secret.B To talk to him about the problem.C To reduce the workload.D To have a good rest.8. Woman: Julie’s dress looks funny. That style went out last year.Man: Oh, come on, as long as it looks good on her.Question: What does the man try to emphasize?A Julie’s dress is not outdated.B Julie’s dress does not suit her.C Julie looks fine in that dress.D Julie should follow the fashion.9. Man: What kind of snacks do you prefer?Woman: Oh, I’ve got a sweet tooth, you know.Question: What does the woman probably like?A Sandwich.B Hot dogs.C Potato chips.D Ice cream.10. Man: Annie, how does it not even cross your mind that you might want a future wi th someone?Woman: It’s simple. I don’t mind being married to may career.Question: What’s Annie’s attitude towards her future?A She will stay with someone unmarried.B She will live a simple life.C She will fully focus on her job.D She will quit her job to get married.Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each)Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase un derlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D that best keeps th e meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acro ss the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11. The tendency of the human body to reject foreign matter is the main obstacle to successful organ transplantation.A factorB constituentC breakD barrier12. Whenever you need Tom, he is always there whether it be an ear or a helping hand, so you can always lean on him.A benefit fromB count onC stand forD stick to13. The news reports completely overlooked the more profound political implications of the events.A foresawB neglectedC exploredD assessed14. Teachers and nurses who deal with children are obliged to report cases of suspec ted child abuse to authorities.A remindedB expectedC requestedD compelled15. Your grade will be based in large part on the originality of your ideas.A popularityB creativityC feasibilityD flexibility16. We suspect there is a quire deliberate attempt to sabotage the elections and und ermine the electoral commission.A consciousB desperateC intentionalD clumsy17. So strange were the circumstances of my story that I can scarcely believe myself to have been a party to them.A hardlyB justC almostD definitely18. Smoke particles and other air pollutants are often trapped in the atmosphere, th us forming dirty fog.A caughtB constrainedC concealedD concentrated19. Employees in chemical factories are entitled to receive extra pay for doing haza rdous work,A poisonousB difficultC harmfulD dangerous20. Curt Carlson, the wealthiest man in Minnesota, owned a hotel and travel company with sales reaching in the neighborhood of $9 billion.A preciselyB merelyC approximatelyD substantiallySection BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the se ntence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brack ets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. Susan never took any cookery courses; she learned cooking by ____ useful tips fr om TV cookery programs.A bringing upB picking upC putting upD pulling up22. The President _____ his deputy to act for him while he was abroad.A promotedB substitutedC displacedD authorized23. It ____ without saying that consumers would be happier if prices were lower.A takesB appearsC goesD makes24. The world economic recession put an ____ end to the steel market upturn that beg an in 2002.A irregularB illegalC absurdD abrupt25. I’m ____ about how you discovered my websit e, and am very glad if you enjoy it.A mysteriousB furiousC seriousD curious26. The Labor Party’s electoral strategy, based on an ____ with other smaller parti es, has proved successful.A acquaintanceB integrationC intimacyD alliance27. The new aircraft will be ____ to a test of temperatures of -65℃ and 120℃.A suspendedB suppressedC subjectedD summoned28. The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful ____ to my ordinary income.A supplementB profitC subsidyD replacement29. Chinese people are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining ____ of tooth decay.A incidenceB treatmentC consequenceD misfortune30. Many countries have conversation programs to prevent certain ____ of fish from b ecoming extinct.A sourcesB speciesC numbersD membersPart III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questio ns or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, an d D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OnePeople are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can expects to live to be ab out 73, a baby girl, about 79. this is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows wh y it exists. The greater longevity （长寿）of women, however, has been known for cen turies. It was, for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the diff erence was smaller then – the gap is growing.A number of reasons have been proposed to accounts for the differences. The gap is greatest in industrialized societies, so it has been suggested that women are les s susceptible to work strains that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism. Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than m en (and this may be why they are more careful drivers, involved in fewer accidents).Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy. It was once suggested t hat working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although thei r lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. That is, they report far more illnesses. But when a man reports an illness, it is more likely to be serious.Some researchers have suggested that men may die early because their health is m ore strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after lo sing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Bo th of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune sys tem.) Among men, death follows retirement with an alarming promptness.Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomeno n is not isolated to humans. Females have the edge among virtually all mammalian (哺乳动物的) species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences begin at the moment of conception; there are more male misc arriages（流产）. In human, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.31. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A Men’s lifespan remains almost unchanged.B Researchers have found the cause of the age gap/C The age gap was noticed only recently.D The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap.32. As is suggested in Paragraph 2, the two factors relevant to women’s longer life span are ____.A diseases and road accidentsB industrialization and work strainsC their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventureD their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcohol33. According to Paragraph3, which of the following statements is true?A The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap.B The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap.C Smoking does not seem to affect women’s longevity.D Female workers are more likely to smoke than make workers.34. Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?A Through more liable to illnesses, women still live longer..B Men’s health is more closely related to their emotionsC Men show worse symptoms than women when they fall ill.D Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement.35. The word” edge” in Paragraph 6 means “_____”.A marginB sideC qualityD advantage36. What is the main idea of the passage?A That women are healthier than men well explains their longevity.B The greater longevity of women remains a mystery.C People are living longer as a result of industrialization.D Women are less emotionally affected by difficulties in life.Passage TwoUntil last spring, Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school on Bus 59. But as fuel prices rose, the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs. So the school’s busing company redrew its route m ap, eliminating Nia’s bus altogether. Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mil e to school via a “walking school bus”—a group of kids, supervised by an adult or two, who make the walk together.Like the rest of us, school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs —and finding new way to adapt. The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in t he past two years. For the typical American school district, bus bills total 5 perce nt of the budget. As administrators look to trim, busing is an inviting target, sinc e it doesn’t affect classroom instruction (or test scores). More than one third of American school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget.Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school, partly because m any did so themselves: according to a 1969 survey, nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school, compared with only 16 percent in 2001. modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying, but with organized adult supervision, those concerns have diminished.Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save. In rural areas wher e busing is a must, some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks. Busing comp anies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engi ne while idling. They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-ef ficient routes, which aren’t always the shortest ones.There could be downsides, however, to the busing cutbacks. If every formerly bus ed student begins walking to school, it’s an environmental win—but if too many of their parents decide to drive then instead, the overall carbon footprint can grow. R eplacing buses with many more parent-driven cars can also increase safety risks: A 2 002 report concluded students are 13 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car, since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size.And some students complain about the long morning hikes, particularly when the route contains a really big hill.37. The “walking school bus” _____.A aims to keep children fitB does not consume fuelC seldom causes traffic jamsD is popular with school kids38. In America the responsibility for busing kids to school lies with ____.A school districtsB individual schoolsC teacherD parents39. As regards walking to school, modern parents seem much concerned with the _____.A time spent on the wayB changes in the routeC safety of their childrenD kid’s physical strength40. To save money, some schools choose to _____.A shorten the school weekB take the shortest routesC give drives better trainingD use fuel efficient buses41. Busing cutbacks may eventually lead to _____.A fiercer competition among bus companiesB more students taking public transportationC a decrease in the safety of school busesD an increase in carbon dioxide emissions42. Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards busing cutb acks?A FavorableB CriticalC IndifferentD ObjectivePassage ThreeIf you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few month you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about the newand scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have more likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive drivi ng are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transpo rtation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those fa talities, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that se emed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and al l are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer to overcrowding. In the la st decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percents, a nd the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of ne w road miles has only increase by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores (琐事) and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxie ty, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you migh t be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, ound ed the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from ass ign? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly ups et with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major confrontation. If you ar e sceptible to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away fro m the other driver safety, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their w ay.43. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that _____.A Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few monthsB people not interested in the media know little about recent happeningsC one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid themD the media coined the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago44. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, last year _ ____.A more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk drivingB drunk driving remained the No.1 killer on the highwayC two thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive drivingD 41,907 people fell victim to aggressive driving45. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving?A Increasing number of carsB Drivers’ stress and anxietyC Rush hour trafficD Overcrowded roads46. The word “spell” in Paragraph 3 means”_____”.A causeB speakC describeD spare47. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?A Talking while drivingB Driving fastC Sounding the horn when passingD Yelling at another driver48. The last paragraph is intended to _____.A inform people how aggressive drivers could beB tell people how to cope with Road RageC tell people how to control themselves when angryD warn people against eye contact with another driverPassage FourMany are aware of the tremendous waste of energy in our environment, but fail to take advantage of straightforward opportunities to conserve that energy. For exampl e, everyone knows that lights should be switched off when no one is in an office. Si milarly, when employees are not using a meeting room, there is no need to regulate t emperature.Fortunately, one need not rely on human intervention to conserve energy. With th e help of smart sensing and network technology, energy conservation processes such a s turning off lights and adjusting temperature can be readily automated. Ultimately, this technology will enable consumers and plant managers to better identify wastefu l energy use and institute procedures that lead to smarter and more efficient homes, buildings and industrial plants.Until now, wires and cables for power and connectivity have limited the widespre ad adoption of sensor (传感器) networks by making them difficult and expensive to in stall and maintain. Battery-powered wireless networks can simplify installation and reduce cost. But their high power consumption and the corresponding need for regular battery replacement has made wireless networks difficult and costly to maintain. No body wants to replace hundreds or thousands of window sensor batteries in a large bu ilding on a regular basis.The promise of wireless sensor networks can only be fully realized when the wiri ng for both the data communication and the power supply is eliminated. Doing so requ ires a true battery-free wireless solution, one that can utilize energy harvested di rectly from the environments. To facilitate the widespread deployment of wireless se nsor networks, Greenpeak has developed an ultra-low-power communication technology t hat can utilize environmental energy sources such as light, motion and vibration. Th is technology, employing on-board power management circuits and computer software to monitor energy harvesters and make the best use of harvested energy, enables sensor s to operate reliably in a battery-free environment.Wireless sensor networks deployed in out offices and homes will have an enormous impact on our daily lives, helping to build a smarter world in which energy is recy cled and fully utilized. These wireless platforms, equipped with advanced sensing ca pability, will enable us to better control our lives, homes and environment, creatin g a truly connected world that enables people worldwide to live in a more comfortabl e, safer, and cleaner environment.49. By “human intervention” (Paragraph 2), the author refers to _____.A the reduction of great energy waste in the environmentB the grasping of straightforward opportunities availableC the adoption of smart sensing and network technologyD acts like turning off lights when no one is in the room50. Batteries are not an ideal energy source for sensor networks because they ____.A contain metals that pollute the environmentB have to be replaced from time to timeC require automatic rechargingD are difficult and costly to maintain51. Battery-free wireless sensor networks are made possible by the fact that _____.A the cost of using them has been drastically reducedB there is energy in the environment to be utilizedC modern data communication consumes little energyD their maintenance has been greatly simplified52. According to the passage, GreenPeak _____.A promotes the application of wireless sensor networksB is the first company to install wireless sensor networksC supplies batteries operating on harvested energyD benefits handsomely from communication technology53. The focus of Paragraph 4 is on the _____.A replacement of batteries in harvestersB monitoring of energy harvested from the environmentC impact of sensor networks on power supplyD elimination of batteries in sensor networks54. Wireless sensor networks promise to ____.A bring businesses high profitsB further develop the sensing technologyC improve the daily lives of people worldwideD turn motion into a major source of energyPassage FiveIn the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of coun ting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance, psychologi sts discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way e veryone expected. The horse was cleverly picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily an d facial signals given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the “Clever Hans” effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California and her coll eagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly aff ect the outcomes of searchers for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr Lit found, th ey do.Dr Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searc hes. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search area mi ght contain up to three target scents, and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any “detection s” made by the teams thus had to be false.The findings reveals that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All t he others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts stuck Dr Lit as fascinating, it was where they took pl ace that was of greatest interest.When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of in terest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signaled an alert. The hum an handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals—who responded accor dingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying “wolf” at the unconscious signal of their handlers.How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously “profiled” people being sniffed by a drug, or explosive -detecting dog at an airport, false positive could abound. That is not only bad for innocent travelers, but might distract the team from catching the guilty.55. What did psychologists find out about Clever Hans?A He was as clever as people claimed.B He was really good at counting.C He merely responded to human signals.D He could understand human language.56. Lisa Lit and her colleagues ____.A questioned the “Clever Hans” effectB discovered the “Clever Hans” effectC rejected the “Clever Hans” effectD confirmed the “Clever Hans” effect57. The dog handlers learned before the searches that ____.A each search area contained three target scentsB there was actually no target scent in the search areaC their dogs were expected to find the scents of red paperD some target scents may be labeled with a special mark58. What was most significant about the experiment, according to Dr Lit?A The regularity of the false alertsB The location of the false alertsC The number of the false alertsD The timing of the false alerts59. It can be concluded from the experiment that ____.A dogs may act in response to their handlers’ bodily signalsB dog handlers are more likely to be distracted than their dogsC the cooperation between dogs and their handlers is key to successD well-trained dogs can better understand their handlers’ signals60. The author thinks that Dr Lit’s findings _____.A may not be useful in real situationsB should raise our concern in real lifeC should be backed up by further evidenceD will be widely applied in the near futurePart IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Zoos have become an important site for the preservation and protection of wildlife resources, __61__ those species that are endangered. __62__, many zoos displayed liveanimals for public entertainment. Presently some zoos have become scientific and educational __63__ that have contributed to the understanding and conservation of wild animal populations. __64__ the challenges facing modern zoos are the cost of upgrading old facilities, the struggle to obtain __65__ operating funds, and the need to attract more visitors to new and entertaining exhibits.Many __66__ zoos in American cities have undergone trends in zoo __67__is the construction of new enclosures that resemble natural habitats(栖息地). The replacement of traditional steel bars and concrete floors __68__appropriately designed surroundings improves visitor appreciation of the animals. Such renovations may __69__ stress on animals and allow them to interact with one another more naturally.Several major zoos conduct captive propagation programs. A captive propagation program includes the breeding of __70__ zoo or wild animals too obtain offspring, usually for release to __71__ or for transfer to other zoos, Captive breeding is one method of __72__ some species from extinction..Zoos have expanded and improved public education programs also, with education departments that develop programs __73__ zoo exhibits. Public activities includein-school programs, zoo tours, special events, and websites. The Zoological Society of New York, for example, conducted a major project with a Western African government to monitor an elephant herd __74__ it moved throughout its range.The importance of zoos will increase as natural habitats are diminishing. Through their efforts __75__ conservation, education, and environmental advocacy, zoos will continue to play a critical role in wildlife preservation throughout the world.61. A. especially B. superficially C.importantly D. supposedly答案：A解析：纯词汇题。
2011年同等学力申硕考试英语模拟试题及答案1. Four men were shot _____ during a robbery on Tuesday.A. deadenedB. deathC. deadlyD. dead2. These oil fields are believed to contain several billion barrels of _____ oil.A. uncookedB. cruelC. rawD. crude3. The poor old man is so decrepit that he can ______ walk.A. scarcelyB. almostC. easilyD. quickly4. Only a baby _____ that airplane crash.A. escapedB. survivedC. recoveredD. achieved5. You can get a significant effect in a _____ short time.A. relevantlyB. relatedlyC. relaxedlyD. relatively2011年同等学力申硕考试模拟试题答案解析答案：DDABD解析：1. D。
译文：在周二的抢劫中，有四人被射杀。
deaden 使失去感觉，使麻木death 死，死亡，致死的原因，毁灭，屠杀deadly 致命的，势不两立的，死一般的，极度的，必定的dead 死的，无感觉的，呆板的，不流动的2. D。
译文：人们认为，这些油田蕴藏着数亿桶的原油量。
uncooked 未煮过的cruel 残酷的，悲惨的，使痛苦的；raw 未加工的，生疏的，处于自然状态的，不掺水的，擦掉皮的，阴冷的，刺痛的；crude 天然的，未加工的，粗糙的，拙劣的，粗鲁的辨析：raw 指原料或天然产品未经加工的；crude 指天然产品保持原状，未除掉其不纯粹部分或未加工精制的3. A。
2011 年同等学力英语真题答案Paper One1. A2. D3.C4.B5.A6.A7.D8.C9.B 10.D11. A 12.D 13.A 14. D 15.B 16.B 17. C 18.D 19.C 20.A21.D 22.C 23.D 24.C 25.D 26.B 27.B 28.A 29.A 30.C31.A 32.B 33.D 34.B 35.C 36.C 37. C 38.D 39.D 40.B41.C 42.A 43.C 44.A 45.A 46.B 47.C 48.D 49.B 50.B51.D 52.B 53.C 54.A 55.D 56. C 57.C 58.A 59.B 60.A61.B 62.C 63.A 64.C 65.C 66.B 67.B 68.D 69.A 70.A71.D 72.B 73.D 74.A 75.CPaper TwoPart I TranslationSection A在过去，我们都认为确保核安全的核技术和知识已经发展到了一定水平，这使得发生重大核事故的可能性几乎不存在，并且即便发生了核事故，状况也是可以为核工程师所掌控。
但是，现实证明，在处理核能的时候你是要非常小心的，我们还不确定日本的核危机给我们留下了什么，但可以肯定的是，是时候要重新审视我们的核行为了，而且要做出更多的努力来确保未来的核安全。
Section BWith 5000-year cultural tradition, China undergoes many disasters but still remains vigorous. We should fully promote the custom, learn and draw lessons from advanced civilization of the world. Only in this way can Chinese culture get further development. In other word, as I usually say, only through opening-up and inclusiveness can our homeland become strong.Part II WritingHow to Handle StressThe issue of pressure has attracted a lot of attention from the public. There are many factors that bring us a lot of pressures. For example, the speedy expansion of the economy poses a big challenge on mental and physical conditions of the mankind.There are several ways to reduce our stress. First, no one can deny exercise as a good choice, for it can improve blood circulation and increase the metabolism. Second, listening to music and watching TV programs are regarded as a common way for relaxation. We can gain some useful knowledge for handling pressure through broadcasts. Last but not the least, private chats with the family and friends can act as a perfect tool for releasing pressure.For me, I usually take climbing as the first choice. On the top of the mountain, I can breathe fresher air and become refreshed. While climbing, I can sweat a lot. Besides, I would choose to go out for a dinner at a restaurant. Delicious food has the magic of helping me get rid of bad memories. Last, shopping at a comfortable environment makes me feel happier and thus can counteract the pressure.。
Part I Dialogue Communication (10minutes,10points,1 for each)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections:In this section,you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two Speakers,each followed by 4 choices marked A ,B,C,and D,Choose the answer that Best suits the situation to complete the dialogue.Then maik the corresponding letter With a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. （红色标识的为答案选项）1.A: John, you didn't show up at my birthday party last night.B: ______.A I'm sorry, Jane, but I already sent you a present.B I'm sorry, Jane, but I don't like to be shown.C I'm sorry, Jane, but there was a serious accident on the way.D I'm sorry, Jane, but I don't like shows.2.A: I can't read with only that little lamp on.B: ______.A You shouldn't have read here.B You should have turned that lamp on.C What you need is an extra lamp.D What this room needs is better lighting.3.A: Have you invited Susan to the party?B: ______A Yes, because I know she wants to stay at home.B Not yet, because I know she prefers to stay at home.C No, because I know she likes to join us.D Yes, because I've to think about it carefully.4.A: Could you spare a few hours to help me clean the house?B: ______.A No, the house is clean.B Nobody could help you.C No, you should rely on yourself.D I'm really busy with school these days. How does this Saturday sound?5.A: This vase is 200 years old. Be very careful in carrying it.B: ______.A Take it easy, professor.B Just a piece of cake, professor.C No problem.D You can depend on me, professor; I'll be as careful as I can.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections:In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and aWoman. At the end of each conversation there to the question from the 4 choices marked A,B,C,andD.Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choicesby marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketson your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6.Woman: Hello? I'd like two seats for this evening's show.Man: Sorry, but the performance is already sold out. Would you be interestedin something later this week?Question: What does the woman imply?A Tickets are available for future performances.B The performance has been canceled.C She wants to see the show tomorrow.D The performance has already started.7.Woman: Look, I don't want to bother you, but the stereo is really loud.Man: I didn't realize you could hear it.Question: What will the man probably do?A Turn up the stereo.B Start talking more quietly.C Listen to the stereo at a lower volume.D Change the channel.8.Woman: Did you see the article in today's paper on the new Italian restaurant?Man: Yes, and I've already made reservations for us this Thursday.Question: What does the man mean?A He's reserved to cook Italian food.B He's planning to go to the restaurant.C He wants to see the woman's restaurant.D He wants to publish an article this Thursday.9.Woman: Can you come over for dinner tonight?Man: I'm up to my ears in work, so I'll have to take a rain check.Question: What does the woman mean?A She wants to check the weather before deciding.B She has a problem with her hearing.C She'd enjoy coming to dinner another time.D She wants the man to help her with some work.10.Woman: Are you coming with us to the supermarket this afternoon?Man: I promised Lucy that I'd help her with her painting project, and I'm really looking forward to it.Question: What does the woman mean?A She doesn't need anything at the supermarket.B She won't be joining the man.C She and Lucy are learning how to paint.D She'd rather go to the supermarket than help Lucy.PartII Vocabulary (20 minutes,10 points,0.5 for each)Section ADirections:In this section there are 10 sentences,each with one word or phrase underlined.Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A,B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11.I would like your authorization to trim the part of the tree that hangs into my yard.A sanctionB encouragementC approvalD attention12.Meteorologists are at odds over the workings of tornadoes.A mystifiedB in disagreementC up in armsD in disarray13.Dating from around A. D. 1000,the largest mound surviving from the Mississippian culturewas one hundred feet high and had a base of nearly fifteen acres.A civilizationB formationC sectD edifice14.Formulated in 1823 ,the Monroe Doctrine asserted that, he Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A emphatically statedB belligerently arguedC accentuatedD entreated15.In ancient times the custom of shaking hands served to transfer power or authority.A practiceB folkloreC cultureD doctrine16.A briefcase full of counterfeit money was found on the counter.A forgedB currencyC substitutedD cash17.They believe that the merchants had conspired to undermine the nation's economic independence.A upholdB minimizeC weakenD postpone18.There is a controversy even among doctors as to whether this disease is contagious or not.A incisiveB infertileC allergicD communicable19.They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs.A sustainB yieldC endureD expose20.Phosphorus is used in paints for highway signs and marks because it is bright at night.A luminousB harmlessC adequateD attractiveSection BDirections:In this section there are 10 sentences.For each aentence there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your maching-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21.She should ______ those present at the meeting to arrive at a clear-cut decision.A count upB count againstC count onD count out22.He can't run a hundred yards, ______ a mile.A less thanB still lessC no lessD less even23.A severe flood struck the city and there was a ______ shortage of food.A frequentB consequentC consecutiveD consequential24.We were ______ for an hour in the traffic and so we arrived late.A kept offB held upC put backD broken down25.______ your work in case you've made any mistakes.A Take care ofB EnsureC Look out forD Check26.To celebrate the national day, there was a ______fireworks display.A specificB spectacularC speculativeD specialistic27.The law applies to everyone ______ of race, religion or color.A irrelevantB irrespectiveC irresponsibleD irrevocable28.After a prolonged siege, the town was rendered up to the ______.A agitatorsB instigatorsC insurgentsD delinquents29.The aurora is one of nature's most ______ spectacles.A troublesomeB tiresomeC awesomeD wearisome30.His father tried to ______ him to a sense of duty.A awaitB awardC awakeD wakePart III Reading Comprehension(45 minutes,30points,1for each)Directions:There are 5 passages in this part .Each passage is followed by6 questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneEthiopians appear to have evolved a unique way of coping with thin mountain air. But how they do it remains a mystery.One way for the body to get enough oxygen to its tissues when breathing oxygen-poor air is for it to make more red blood cells. This increases the amount of hemoglobin(血红蛋白), the protein that carries oxygen. Although less haemoglobin in the arteries is saturated with oxygen at high altitudes, having more of it makes up for the shortfall.People native to the high Andes are known to have more red blood cells than lowlanders, and athletes who train at altitude can increase their concentration of cells.But while many Tibetans also live at high altitudes, they do not have significantly elevated levels of haemoglobin. Instead they seem to boost the amount of nitric oxide, which dilates(使膨胀) blood vessels and increases blood flow.Now Cynthia Beall, an anthropologist from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, has found a third kind of adaptation. When she tested the blood of 236 people in the Ambaras region in the Semien Mountains of Ethiopia, she found that 95 percent of the haemoglobin in their arteries is saturated with oxygen, almost as much as that of people living at low altitudes and roughly 5 per cent above that of residents in the Andes or Tibet."That shouldn't be, "says Beall. They must have a massively efficient way to get oxygen from the lungs to the blood, she says. But just what remains mysterious. They do not have higher concentrations of haemoglobin than anyoneelse, nor do they have a different kind of haemoglobin.Beall adds that this ability might be found in all people living in that part of the world, and not just those in the study. It might be why so many world-class endurance athletes are Ethiopian. "The next study needs to look at that,"she says.31.From the passage we learn that haemoglobin is a kind of ______.A oxygenB blood cellC proteinD artery32.Why do athletes often go to high altitudes to train?A Because they want to increase the amount of haemoglobin in their bodies.B Because it may help reduce the amount of red blood cells in their bodies.C Because they intend to learn more from the mountain dwellers.D Because it can help them to adapt themselves to the high altitude.33.From the passage we can infer that the faster our blood flows, ______.A the stronger we becomeB the weaker we becomeC the less nitric oxide we haveD the lower levels of haemoglobin we have34.According to Cynthia Beall, the haemoglobin in the arteries of the Ethiopians ______.A is saturated with more oxygen than lowlandersB is saturated with as much oxygen as the TibetansC is more efficient than residents in the Andes and TibetD runs faster than people in any other region of the world35.Cynthia Beall is going to do more research on ______.A why Ethiopians have more haemoglobinB why so many world-class endurance athletes are EthiopiansC whether the Ethiopians have different kind of haemoglobinD whether the Ethiopians have higher concentration of haemoglobin36.The best title of this passage can be: ______.A Ethiopians and HemoglobinB Ethiopians and the World-class AthletesC An Anthropological Study on EthiopiansD A Myth. Hemoglobin and the World-class Athletes among the EthiopiansPassage TwoThere is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog in December 1952,4,700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Parliament passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal.Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation. Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘) and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur.Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema (肺气肿), but this has yet to be proven.Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.37.Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experience?A Low concentrations.B Fall in lung function.C Irritability of the lungs.D Airway inflammation.38.Irritable and inflamed lungs are also seen in people with______.A asthmaB lung diseasesC good healthD weak health39.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of lung diseases?A The burning of coalB Long-term exposure to smogC Exposure to nitrogen dioxideD Attending school camps40.The relationship between exposure to ______has not yet been determined.A ozone and fall in lung functionB ozone and lung diseases such as asthmaC nitrogen dioxide and worse lung functionD smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema41.The association between ______has not yet been found in Australia.A ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthmaB hazy days and more asthma attacks in childrenC the levels of particles in the air and death ratesD high levels of pollution and more symptoms42.In the last sentence of the third paragraph, the word "suspected" can be best replaced by______.A doubtfulB supposedC suspiciousD saidPassage ThreeIs nothing sacred? Even the idle weekend pastime of skimming stones on a lake has been taken apart and reduced to a mathematical formula.Everyone knows a stone bounces best on water if it's round and flat, and spun towards the water as fast as possible. Some enthusiasts even travel to international stone-skimming competitions, like world champion Jerdone Coleman-McGhee, who made a stone bounce 38 times on Blanco River, Texas, in 1992. Intuitively,a flat stone works best because a relatively large part of its surface strikes the water, so there's more bounce. Inspired by his eight-year-old son, physicist Lyderic Bocquet of Lyon University in France wanted to find out more. So he tinkered with some simple equations describing a stone bouncing on water in terms of its radius(半径) ,speed and spin, and taking account of gravity and the water's drag.The equations showed that the faster a spinning stone is travelling, the more times it will bounce. So no surprise there. To bounce at least once without sinking, Bocquet found the stone needs to be travelling at a minimum speed of about 1 kilometre per hour.And the equations also backed his hunch(直觉) that spin is important because it keeps the stone fairly flat from one bounce to the next. The spin has a gyroscopic(陀螺的) effect, preventing the stone from tipping and falling sideways into the water.To match the world record of 38 bounces using a 10-centimetre-wide stone, Bocquet predicts it would have to be travelling at about 40 kilometres per hour and spinning at 14 revolutions a second. He adds that drilling lots of small pits in the stone would probably help, by reducing water drag in the same way that dim pies on a golf ball reduce air drag. "Although I suppose that would be cheating," says Bocquet.He and his team at Lyon hope to design a motorized "catapult" that can throw stones onto a lake with a precise speed and spin, to test if the predictions stand up.Bocquet adds that he's probably just rediscovering a piece of history. British engineer Barnes Wallis must have done the same sort of maths and experiments when he was designing his famous bouncing bombs for the Dambusters squadron(中队) during the Second World War.43.Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?A International stone-skimming competitions.B How to make stone-skimming more enjoyable.C Stone-skimming is a sacred thing.D The mathematical formula for stone-skimming.44.In order to make a stone bounce best on water, one needs to ______.A find a big, round stoneB reduce the spin of the stoneC make the stone spin as fast as possibleD do some complicated mathematical equations45.According to Lyderic Bocquet, which of the following is NOT mentioned asa factor influencing the bounces of a stone on water?A The clearness of the water.B The gravity of the Earth.C The shape of the stone.D The speed and spin.46.Which of the following is not the reason why Lyderic Bocquet suppose that spin is important?A Because it keeps the stone fairly flat from one bounce to the next.B Because the spin can create a gyroscopic effect.C Because the gyroscope can prevent the stone from tipping and falling sideways into the water.D Because the spin can reduce the water drag.47.Lyderic Bocquet drilled lots of small pits in the stone in order to ______.A make it look smarterB reduce the water dragC increase the revolution of the stoneD make the game more like golf48.Lyderic and his team hope to design a motorized catapult because ______.A they want to make the experiment to be more sacredB British engineer Barnes Wallis did his experiment this wayC human beings cannot ensure the speed and spin neededD they wanted to rediscover a piece of historyPassage FourHave you ever felt your life go into slow motion as you realize something bad is happening? You might have just knocked over a wine glass or noticed a car hurtling towards you, for example. Now scientists have measured exactly how much these attention-grabbing(引人注意的)events slow down our perception of the world around us.Another example of the world appearing to slow down is when you are hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end. If your attention wanders while you're waiting, then suddenly switches back,you will probably hear what seems like a longer than usual silence before hearing the dialling tone again. For you, time will have momentarily slowed.To see how our perception of time changes when something new happens, Vincent Walsh and his colleagues put headphones on volunteers and played eight beeps to their right ears. The gap between each beep was exactly i second, except for the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps, which the scientists could make shorter or longer. They altered the length of this gap until the volunteers estimated it was the same length as the other gaps. The researchers found that, on average, people judge a second slightly short, at 955 milliseconds.In the second part of the experiment, the first four beeps were played to the subjects' right ear, but the other four were then played to their left. Again, the volunteers were asked to estimate when the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps was the same as the others. This time they judged a second to be even shorter at 825 milliseconds long.Perceiving a second to be much shorter than it is makes you feel as though the world has gone into slow motion, since less happens in that slice of time. Walsh thinks the effect could have evolved to give us a fraction more time to react to potentially threatening events.Last year, Kielan Yarrow, a British psychologist found a similar effect with vision. When you glance at a clock, the first second will seem longer than it really is.Yarrow's results showed that time appeared to slow down by a similar amount as Walsh found. Previous studies have shown that cooling the body slows down our perception of time while warming it up has the opposite effect.49.After you noticed a car hurtling towards you, you might feel that ______.A the world around you had slowed downB something bad was going to happenC life had suddenly become meaninglessD people's life was so fragile50.According to the passage, hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end, you might ______.A have a high concentration of mindB feel very annoyed at the people on the other endC feel time is somehow slowed downD be unable to hear the dialing tone51.Vincent Walsh and his colleagues did the experiment in order to ______.A see which ear is more sensitive to beepsB find out the relationship between time and lifeC study how time changes at the 4th and 5th beepsD observe how people's perception of time changes52.What have Vincent and his colleagues found through the experiment?A The left ear of people is more sensitive than the right one.B People judge a second to be slightly shorter than it really is.C Research subjects are less accurate than researchers in judging a second.D Normally a second is in fact either 955 milliseconds or 825 milliseconds.53.From the passage we can infer that when we are hot, we'll feel time ______.A runs fasterB stops all togetherC runs slowerD reverses its direction54.Which is the best title for the passage?A How People Find Out the Secret of the TimeB How People Percept the World around us at some momentC Which Ear is BetterD The Relationship between Temperature and PerceptionPassage FiveA nocturnal(夜间活动的)moth has become the first animal known to see colours in the dead of night. The moth uses this visual talent to find yellow, nectar-packed flowers in the dark, but the finding suggests that other, species also use colour vision at night.Nocturnal moths were thought to find flowers by looking for bright petalsagainst a darker, leafy background. This difference in brightness explains why a yellow flower stands out from green leaves on a black and white photo.To test this idea, researchers at Lund University in Sweden trained nocturnal elephant hawkmoths(豆天蛾)to pick out yellow or blue artificial flowers from eight other flowers of varying shades of grey. They then made moths perform the trick in conditions as dark as a starry but moonless night.The researchers expected the moths to do badly, but to their surprise the insects picked the correct flower 90 per cent of the time. But the moths could not distinguish between lighter and darker shades of a coloured flower, even though they could still tell both from grey. "This tells us it's not a brightness-related cue,” says Almut Kelber, the sensory biologist leading the Lund team. "They could only have used the spectral(光谱的)composition of the signals—which we call colour."The moths use three separate colour receptors: blue, green and ultraviolet. At night, that leaves so little light per receptor that the insects should be almost blind. But hawkmoths have a host of adaptations to compensate. One is a mirror-like structure at the base of the eye, which reflects the light across the photoreceptors for a second time. The structure of the compound eye also allows each facet to supplement the light that strikes it with light from as many as 600 others.Kelber suspects that many other insects, and some higher animals, also use colour vision at night. She plans to look for the ability in nocturnal frogs and toads that use colour to choose their mate. "Why not? she asks. "At night there are just as many colours as during the day."55.Which of the following might be the most appropriate title for this passage?A How animals see things at night.B Moth—the only creature to see things at night.C Moths use color to see flowers at night.D How many colors can moths see at night.56.Why does yellow flower stand out from green leaves on a black and white photo?A Because it is brighter.B Because it receives more focus.C Because it is more beautiful.D Because it has petals.57.Which of the following did the researchers find according to paragraph 4?A Moths could only pick out real flowers, not the artificial ones.B Moths picked out the correct flowers by their brightness.C Moths couldn't tell the difference between blue flowers and gray flowers.D Moths picked out the correct flowers by their color.58.Which of the following insect is different from others at night?A frogB toadC hawkmothD bee59.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A Moths are blind insects at daytime.B Moths use their color receptors only at night.C Moths have special structure at the base of the eye.D Moths can see color only at night.60.Kelber believes that nocturnal frogs and toads ______.A belong to higher animalsB use color to attract matesC are of many different colorsD are unable to see color at nightPart IV Cloze(15 minutes,15 points,1 for each)Directions:In this part,there is a passage with 15 blanks.For each blank there are 4 choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Inflation is a period of rapid rises in prices. When your money buys fewer goods so that you get (61) for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when "a dollar is not (62) a dollar anymore".Inflation is a problem for all consumers, especially people who live on a fixed income. Retired people, for instance, cannot (63) on an increase in income as prices rise. They face serious problems in stretching their incomes to (64) their needs in time of inflation. Many retired people must cut their spending to (65) rising prices. In many cases they must stop (66) some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even (67) working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can also be a problem. The (68) of living goes up, and they must have even more money to maintain their standard of living. When incomes do not keep (69) with rising prices, living standard goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living (70) because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes from (71) the rate of price change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a (72) year as the base. The base price is set (73) 100, and the other prices are reported as a (74) of the base price. A price index makes (75) possible to compare current price with that in previous years.percentage cost given as wellcount buying at lessworth to keep up with pacewhich it meet61. less62. worth63. count64. meet65. keep up with66. buying67. to68. cost69. pace70. as well71. which72. given73. at74. percentage75. itPaper TwoPart Ⅰ TranslationSection ATranslate the following passage into Chinese．76.Cancer has emerged as a major killer in several newly industrialized countries and is striking more people in areas of developing world where it was hardly known before, the World Health Organization (WHO) said. Although the risk of cancer will stabilize, if not decline, in industrialized countries by 2025, developing countries will suffer increasing rates of the disease, the WHO said in an extensive report on the world's state of health. Cancer caused 12 percent of the 52 million deaths worldwide in 1997 and was the third leading killer after infectious and parasitic diseases and coronary and heart disease.据世界卫生组织报道，癌症已成为新兴工业化国家居民的主要杀手。
2011年同等学力英语考试历年真题及参考答案Part One (90 minutes)Part 1 Dialogue communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each)Section A Dialogue completion1. A: David said he bought a new BMW for $5,000!B: _____. Sounds pretty cheap to me!A: Well, that‗s what he said.A. Are you sure?B. Come to think of it.C. Do you think so?D. Is he crazy?2. A: We just came back from Phoenix. And we had the best vacation in years. B: ____. I‗m glad to hear it.A. Oh, my goodness!B. How was it?C. Oh, there you go again.D. Good for you.3. A: I just can‗t stand this class anymore?B: ____. It‗s required, and you have to sit in it in order to graduate.A. Well, why not just drop out of it?B. Why, you can say that again!C. Well, you might as well get used to it.D. Why, I couldn‗t agree more!4. A: I don‗t know about you, but I thought that film was terrific.B: ____. The action was great, and so was the music.A. Just the same.B. I‗m with you there.C. More or less.D. I sure do.5. A: Dan gave me a free ride home, but I paid for the gas.B: You know what they say, ____.A. there‗s no free lunchB. don‗t bite off more than you can chewC. one good turn deserves anotherD. it‗s who you know that countsSection B Dialogue Comprehension6. Woman: I‗d rather not talk about it. Just don‗t ask.Man: Come on. I think you need to let off some steam.Question: What does the man advise the woman to do?A. To talk to him about the problem.B. To keep the secret.C. To reduce the workload.D. To have a good rest.7. Woman: Julie‗s dress looks funny. That style went out last year.Man: Oh, come on, as long as it looks good on her.Question: What does the man try to emphasize?A. Julie‗s dress is not outdated.B. Julie‗s dress does not suit her.C. Julie should follow the fashion.D. Julie looks fine in that dress.8. Man: What kind of snacks do you prefer?Woman: Oh, I‗ve got a sweet tooth, you know.Question: What does the woman probably like?A. Sandwich.B. Hot dogs.C. Ice cream.D. Potato chips.9. Woman: I‗m tired of driving all the way to work and back every day. If only cars could drive themselves!Man: Well, some car manufactures are working on them. I guess you‗ll soon buy one if you can afford it.Question: What does the man imply?A. The woman will be able to buy an intelligent car.B. Cars that drive themselves may be very expensive.C. He is working with a car producer on intelligent cars.D. Driving to work is really a headache.10. Man: Annie, how does it not even cross your mind that you might want a future with someone?Woman: It‗s simple. I don‗t mind being married to my career.Question: What‗s Annie‗s attitude towards her future?A. She will stay with someone unmarried.B. She will live a simple life.C. She will quit her job to get married.D. She will fully focus on her job.Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each)Section A11. The news reports completely overlooked the more profound political implications of the events.A. neglectedB. foresawC. exploredD. assessed12. Teachers and nurses who deal with children are obliged to report cases of suspected child abuse to authorities.A. remindedB. expectedC. compelledD. requested13. Your grade will be based in large part on the originality of your ideas.A. creativityB. popularityC. feasibilityD. flexibility14. We suspect there is a quire deliberate attempt to sabotage the elections and undermine the electoral commission.A. consciousB. desperateC. clumsyD. intentional15. So strange were the circumstances of my story that I can scarcely believe myself to have been a party to them.A. justB. hardlyC. almostD. definitely16. Smoke particles and other air pollutants are often trapped in the atmosphere, thus forming dirty fog.A. constrainedB. caughtC. concealedD. concentrated17. Employees in chemical factories are entitled to receive extra pay for doing hazardous work.A. poisonousB. difficultC. dangerousD. harmful18. Curt Carlson, the wealthiest man in Minnesota, owned a hotel and travel company with sales reaching in the neighborhood of $9 billion.A. preciselyB. merelyC. substantiallyD. approximately19. The tendency of the human body to reject foreign matter is the main obstacle to successful organ transplantation.A. factorB. constituentC. barrierD. break20. Whenever you need Tom, he is always there whether it be an ear or a helping hand, so you can always lean on him.A. count onB. benefit fromC. stand forD. stick toSection B21. It ____ without saying that consumers would be happier if prices were lower.A. takesB. appearsC. makesD. goes22. The world economic recession put an ____ end to the steel market upturn that began in 2002.A. irregularB. illegalC. abruptD. absurd23. I‗m ____ about how you discovered my website, and am very glad if you enjoy it.A. mysteriousB. furiousC. seriousD. curious24. The Labor Party‗s electoral strategy, based on an ____ with other smaller parties, has proved successful.A. acquaintanceB. integrationC. allianceD. intimacy25. The new aircraft will be ____ to a test of temperatures of -65℃and 120℃.A. suspendedB. suppressedC. summonedD. subjected26. The money I got from teaching on the side was a useful ____ to my ordinary income.A. profitB. supplementC. subsidyD. replacement27. Chinese people are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining ____ of tooth decay.A. treatmentB. incidenceC. consequenceD. misfortune28. Many countries have conservation programs to prevent certain ____ of fish from becoming extinct.A. speciesB. sourcesC. numbersD. members29. Susan never took any cookery courses; she learned cooking by ____ useful tips from TV cookery programs.A. picking upB. bringing upC. putting upD. pulling up30. The President _____ his deputy to act for him while he was abroad.A. promotedB. substitutedC. authorizedD. displacedPart III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)Passage OneUntil last spring, Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood commuted to school on Bus 59. But as fuel prices rose, the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs. So the school‗s busing company redrew its route map, eliminating Nia‗s bus altogether. Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school viaa ―walking school bus‖—a group of kids, supervised by an adult or two, who make the walk together.Like the rest of us, school districts are feeling pinched by rising fuel costs—and finding new way to adapt. The price of diesel fuel has gone up 34 percent in the past two years. For the typical American school district, bus bills total 5 percent of the budget. As administrators look to trim, busing is an inviting target, since it doesn‗t affect classroom instruction (or test scores). More than one third of American school administrators have eliminated bus stops or routes in order to stay within budget.Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school, partly because many did so themselves: according to a 1969 survey, nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school, compared with only 16 percent in 2001. Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying, but with organized adult supervision, those concerns have diminished.Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save. In rural areas where busing is a must, some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks. Busing companies instruct drivers to eliminate extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling. They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-efficient routes, which aren‗t always the shortest ones.There could be downsides, however, to the busing cutbacks. If every formerly bused student begins walking to school, it‗s an environme ntal win—but if too many of their parents decide to drive then instead, the overall carbon footprint can grow. Replacing buses with many more parent-driven cars can also increase safety risks: A 2002 report concluded students are 13 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car, since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size. And some students complain about the long morning hikes, particularly when the route contains a really big hill.31. The ―walking school bus‖ _____.A．does not consume fuelB．aims to keep children fitC．seldom causes traffic jamsD．is popular with school kids32. In America the responsibility for busing kids to school lies with ____. A．individual schoolsB．school districtsC．teacherD．parents33. As regards walking to school, modern parents seem much concerned with the _____. A．time spent on the wayB．changes in the routeC．kid‗s physical strengthD．safety of their children34. To save money, some schools choose to _____.A．take the shortest routesB．shorten the school weekC．give drives better trainingD．use fuel efficient buses35. Busing cutbacks may eventually lead to _____.A．fierce competition among bus companiesB．more students taking public transportationC．an increase in carbon dioxide emissionsD．a decrease in the safety of school buses36. Which of the following best describes the author‗s attitude towards busing cutbacks? A．FavorableB．CriticalC．ObjectiveD．IndifferentPassage TwoPeople are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. A baby boy born in the United States in 2003 can expects to live to be about 73, a baby girl, about 79. This is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity （长寿）of women, however, has been known for centuries. It was, for example, described in the seventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then – the gap is growing.A number of reasons have been proposed to accounts for the differences. The gap is greatest in industrialized societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work strains that may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism. Sociologists also tell us that women are encouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers, involved in fewer accidents).Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy. It was once suggested that working women are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap would begin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. That is, they report far more illnesses. But when a man reports an illness, it is more likely to be serious.Some researchers have suggested that men may die early because their health is more strongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse than women do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with a marked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men, death follows retirement with an alarming promptness.Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps the answers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans. Females have the edge among virtually all mammalian (哺乳动物的) species, in that they generally live longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences begin at the moment of conception; there are more male miscarriages（流产）. In human, after birth, more baby boys than baby girls die.37. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A．Men‗s lifespan remains almost unchanged.B．Researchers have found the cause of the age gapC．The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap.D．The age gap was noticed only recently.38. As is suggested in Paragraph 2, the two factors relevant to women‗s longer lifespan are ____.A．diseases and road accidentsB．industrialization and work strainsC．their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcoholD．their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure39. According to Paragraph3, which of the following statements is true?A．The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap.B．The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap.C．Female workers are more likely to smoke than make workers.D．Smoking does not seem to affect women‗s longevity.40. Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?A．Men‗s health is more closely related to their emotions.B．Though more liable to illnesses, women still live longer.C．Men show worse symptoms than women when they fall ill.D．Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement.41. The word ―edge‖ in Paragraph 6 means ―_____‖.A．marginB．sideC．advantageD．quality42. What is the main idea of the passage?A．The greater longevity of women remains a mystery.B．That women are healthier than men well explains their longevity.C．People are living longer as a result of industrialization.D．Women are less emotionally affected by difficulties in life.Passage ThreeMany are aware of the tremendous waste of energy in our environment, but fail to take advantage of straightforward opportunities to conserve that energy. For example, everyone knows that lights should be switched off when no one is in an office. Similarly, when employees are not using a meeting room, there is no need to regulate temperature. Fortunately, one need not rely on human intervention to conserve energy. With the help of smart sensing and network technology, energy conservation processes such as turning off lights and adjusting temperature can be readily automated. Ultimately, this technology will enable consumers and plant managers to better identify wasteful energy use and institute procedures that lead to smarter and more efficient homes, buildings and industrial plants.Until now, wires and cables for power and connectivity have limited the widespread adoption of sensor (传感器) networks by making them difficult and expensive to install and maintain. Battery-powered wireless networks can simplify installation and reduce cost. But their high power consumption and the corresponding need for regular battery replacement has made wireless networks difficult and costly to maintain. Nobody wants to replace hundreds or thousands of window sensor batteries in a large building on a regular basis.The promise of wireless sensor networks can only be fully realized when the wiring for both the data communication and the power supply is eliminated. Doing so requires a true battery-free wireless solution, one that can utilize energy harvested directly from the environments. To facilitate the widespread deployment of wireless sensor networks, GreenPeak has developed an ultra-low-power communication technology that can utilize environmental energy sources such as light, motion and vibration. This technology, employing on-board power management circuits and computer software to monitor energy harvesters and make the best use of harvested energy, enables sensors to operate reliably in a battery-free environment.Wireless sensor networks deployed in our offices and homes will have an enormous impact on our daily lives, helping to build a smarter world in which energy is recycled and fully utilized. These wireless platforms, equipped with advanced sensing capability, willenable us to better control our lives, homes and environment, creating a truly connected world that enables people worldwide to live in a more comfortable, safer, and cleaner environment.43. By ―human intervention‖ (Paragraph 2), the author refers to _____.A．the reduction of great energy waste in the environmentB．the grasping of straightforward opportunities availableC．acts like turning off lights when no one is in the roomD．the adoption of smart sensing and network technology44. Batteries are not an ideal energy source for sensor networks because they ____. A．have to be replaced from time to timeB．contain metals that pollute the environmentC．require automatic rechargingD．are difficult and costly to maintain45. Battery-free wireless sensor networks are made possible by the fact that _____. A．there is energy in the environment to be utilizedB．the cost of using them has been drastically reducedC．modern data communication consumes little energyD．their maintenance has been greatly simplified46. According to the passage, Green Peak _____.A．is the first company to install wireless sensor networksB．promotes the application of wireless sensor networksC．supplies batteries operating on harvested energyD．benefits handsomely from communication technology47. The focus of Paragraph 4 is on the _____.A．replacement of batteries in harvestersB．monitoring of energy harvested from the environmentC．elimination of batteries in sensor networksD．impact of sensor networks on power supply48. Wireless sensor networks promise to ____.A．bring businesses high profitsB．further develop the sensing technologyC．turn motion into a major source of energyD．improve the daily lives of people worldwidePassage FourIf you haven‗t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few month you‗ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about the new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have more likely encountered aggressive driving and/or Road Rage recently if you drive at all.While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, 41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those fatalities, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer to overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by more than 11 percents, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increase by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores (琐事) and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage.You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from assign? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid any major confrontation. If you are sceptible to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver‗s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safety, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.49. The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that _____.A．people not interested in the media know little about recent happeningsB．Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few monthsC．one may be raged by media reports and wants to avoid themD．the media coined the term ―Road Rage‖ only a few months ago50. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, last year_____.A．drunk driving remained the No.1 killer on the highwayB．more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk drivingC．two thirds of drivers were killed by aggressive drivingD．41,907 people fell victim to aggressive driving51. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of aggressive driving? A．Increasing number of carsB．Drivers‗ stress and anxietyC．Overcrowded roadsD．Rush hour traffic52. The word ―spell‖ in Paragraph 3 means‖_____‖.A．speakB．causeC．describeD．spare53. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving?A．Talking while drivingB．Driving fastC．Yelling at another driverD．Sounding the horn when passing54. The last paragraph is intended to _____.A．tell people how to cope with Road RageB．inform people how aggressive drivers could beC．tell people how to control themselves when angryD．warn people against eye contact with another driverPassage FiveIn the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance, psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cleverly picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial signals given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the ―Clever Hans‖ effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searchers for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr Lit found, they do.Dr Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search area might contain up to three target scents, and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any ―detections‖ made by the teams thus had to be false.The findings reveals that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts stuck Dr Lit as fascinating, it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of interest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signaled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals—who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying ―wolf‖ at the unconscious signal of their handlers.How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously ―profiled‖ people being sniffed by a drug, or explosive-detecting dogat an airport, false positive could abound. That is not only bad for innocent travelers, but might distract the team from catching the guilty.55. What did psychologists find out about Clever Hans?A．He was as clever as people claimed.B．He was really good at counting.C．He could understand human language.D．He merely responded to human signals.56. Lisa Lit and her colleagues ____.A．questioned the ―Clever Hans‖ effectB．discovered the ―Clever Hans‖ effectC．confirmed the ―Clever Hans‖ effectD．rejected the ―Clever Hans‖ effect57. The dog handlers learned before the searches that ____.A．each search area contained three target scentsB．there was actually no target scent in the search areaC．some target scents may be labeled with a special markD．their dogs were expected to find the scents of red paper58. What was most significant about the experiment, according to Dr Lit?A．The location of the false alertsB．The regularity of the false alertsC．The number of the false alertsD．The timing of the false alerts59. It can be concluded from the experiment that ____.A．dog handlers are more likely to be distracted than their dogsB．dogs may act in response to their handlers‗ bodily signalsC．the cooperation between dogs and their handlers is key to successD．well-trained dogs can better understand their handlers‗ signals60. The author thinks that Dr Lit‗s findings _____.A. should raise our concern in real lifeB．may not be useful in real situationsC．should be backed up by further evidenceD．will be widely applied in the near futurePart IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)Zoos have become an important site for the preservation and protection of wildlife resources, __61__ those species that are endangered．__62__, many zoos displayed live animals for public entertainment．Presently some zoos have become scientific andeducational __63__ that have contributed to the understanding and conservation of wild animal populations．__64__ the challenges facing modern zoos are the cost of upgrading old facilities, the struggle to obtain __65__ operating funds, and the need to attract more visitors to new and entertaining exhibits．Many __66__ zoos in American cities have undergone renovation (翻新) during the last decades of the twentieth century．Among the recent trends in zoo __67__ is the construction of new enclosures that resemble natural habitats (栖息地)．The replacement of traditional steel bars and concrete floors __68__ appropriately designed surroundings improves visitor appreciation of the animals．Such renovations may __69__ stress on animals and allow them to interact with one another more naturally．Several major zoos conduct captive propagation programs．A captive propagation program includes the breeding of __70__ zoo or wild animals to obtain offspring, usually for release to __71__ or for transfer to other zoos．Captive breeding is one method of __72__ some species from extinction．Zoos have expanded and improved public education programs also, with education departments that develop programs 73 zoo exhibits．Public activities include in-school programs, zoo tours, special events, and websites．The Zoological Society of New York, for example, conducted a major project with a Western African government to monitor an elephant herd 74 it moved throughout its range．The importance of zoos will increase as natural habitats are diminishing．Through their efforts 75 conservation, education, and environmental advocacy, zoos will continue to play a critical role in wildlife preservation throughout the world．61．A．superficially B．especially C．importantly D．supposedly62．A．By that time B．By the time C．At one time D．At that time 63．A．institutions B．associations C．foundations D．corporation64．A．Along B．Forward C．Among D．Through65．A．limited B．professional C．sufficient D．excessive66．A．newer B．older C．former D．later67．A．management B．improvement C．achievement D．assessment 68．A．under B．for C．into D．with69．A．reduce B．cause C．increase D．avoid70．A．selected B．sustained C．promising D．surviving71．A．natural B．the natural C．wild D．the wild72．A．restraining B．saving C．sheltering D．exempting73．A．attributed to B．opposed to C．referred to D．related to74．A．as B．as if C．so D．so that。
