05年：
Human Greatness.
汉译英参考译文
Confucius says, “Out of three men, there must be one that can teach me.” So pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor teachers better than their pupils. Some learn the truth earlier than others, and some have special skills—that is all.”
孔子曾经说过“三人行，必有我师焉。”因此学生并不一定就低老师一等，老师也不见得就一定比学生优秀。只不过有的人比别人更早地明白真理，有的人拥有特殊技能罢了。
A similar idea is expressed by the following well-known passage quoted from Xueji (The Subject of Education), a chapter of the ancient book Liji (The Book of Rites): 在《学记》和《礼记》的著名段落中我们也能找到类似的思想。“食美与否，不吃不知其味也；理善与否，不学不知其真也”“However nice the food may be, if one does not eat it, he does not know its taste. however perfect the doctrine may be, if one does not learn it, he does not know its value. 因此，其学者知其不足，其教授者只其难也。Therefore, when he learns, one knows his own deficiencies. when he teaches, one knows where the difficulty lies. 知不足，则学者省自身；知其难，则教授者得进取。After he knows his deficiencies, one is able to examine himself. after he knows where the difficulty li es, one is able to improve himself. Hence, …teaching and learning help each other.? as it is said in Yue Ming,…Teaching is the half of learning.?” The above quote from Liji, which lays emphasis on self-examination and self-improvement, is less thoroughgoing than what Han Yu says about education. Nevertheless, its remarks such as "When he teaches one knows where the difficulty lies,” “Teaching benefits teachers as well as pupils” and “Teaching is the half of learning” (a quotation meaning teaching and learni ng are opposite and complementary to each other) all remain irrefutable to this day.
The new relationship between teacher and pupil should be that of, in the words of Han Yu,“not (being) ashamed to learn from each other.” That is within the mind. It affects the soul directly. but it can affect it also by obscure and circuitous ways - through the blood. Half the human race lives in manifest obedience to the lunar rhythm. and there is evidence to show that the physiological and therefore the spiritual life, not only of women, but of men too, mysteriously ebbs and flows with the changes of the moon. There are unreasoned joys, inexplicable miseries, laughters and remorses without a cause. Their sudden and fantastic alternations constitute the ordinary weather of our minds. These moods, are the children of the blood and humours. But the blood and humours obey, among many other masters, the changing moon. Touching the soul directly through the eyes and, indirectly, along the dark channels of the blood, the moon is doubly a divinity.
Even if we think of the moon as only a stone, we shall find its very stoniness potentially a numen. A stone gone cold. An airless, waterless stone and the prophetic image of our own earth when, some few million years from now, the senescent sun shall have lost its present fostering power.... And so on. This passage could easily be prolonged-a Study in Purple. But I forbear. Let every reader lay on as much of the royal rhetorical colour as he finds to his taste. Anyhow, purple or no purple, there the stone is-stony. You cannot think about it for long without finding, yourself invaded by one or other of several essentially numinous sentiments. These sentiments belong to one or other of two contrasted and complementary groups Sentiments of Human Insignificance Sentiments of Confucius says, “Out of three men, there must be one that can teach me.” So pupils are not necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor teachers better than their pupils. Some learn the
truth earlier than others, and some have special skills—that is all.”
A similar idea is expressed by the following well-known passage quoted from Xueji (The Subject of Education), a chapter of the ancient book Liji (The Book of Rites): “However nice the food may be, if one does not eat it, he does not know its taste. however perfect the doctrine may be, if one does not learn it, he does not know its value. Therefore, when he learns, one knows his own deficiencies. when he teaches, one knows where the difficulty lies. After he knows his deficiencies, one is able to examine himself. after he knows where the difficulty lies, one is able to improve himself. Hence, …teaching and learning help each other.? as it is said in Yue Ming,…Teaching is the half of learning.?” The above quote from Liji, which lays emphasis on self-examination and self-improvement, is less thoroughgoing than what Han Y u says about education. Nevertheless, its remarks such as "When he teaches one knows where the difficulty lies,” “Teaching benefits teachers as well as pupils” and “Teaching is the half of learning” (a quotation meaning teaching and learning are opposite and complementary to each other) all remain irrefutable to this day.
The new relationship between teacher and pupil should be that of, in the words of Han Yu,“not (being) ashamed to learn from each other.” That is to say, teacher and pupil should teach each other and learn from each other. They should teach each other as equals regardless of seniority, so that, as Han Y u says, “whoever knows the truth can be a teacher.”
英译汉参考译文
在我的窗外，夜正在挣扎着醒过来；在月光下黯然无色的花园如此生动地梦见它那失去的色彩。用石灰水刷白的墙在深蓝色的天空的衬托下显得明亮。房屋的粉墙凛冽地使明月的光辉回荡。那是一轮满月。月来是块石头；但它是块极为神圣的石头。或者说得更确切些，月亮是块能使男人和女人对它产生神圣感情，或者由于它才具有神圣感情的石头。这样，有柔和的月光，它能给我们以超越理解能力的安宁。有寒冷而严峻的月光，它向灵魂倾诉它的寂寞和绝对的孤独，它的微不足道和肮脏不洁。有多情的月光，它使人去爱，——不但爱个人，而且有时甚至爱整个宇宙。但月亮除了通过眼睛和窗户照进心灵外，还照在身体上。月亮直接影响灵魂；但它还能够通过难以理解而迂回曲折的途径——通过血液——影响灵魂。人类中半数的人明显地服从于月亮的节奏而生活着；还有证据表明，不仅女人的生理生活和精神生活，而且男人的生理生活和精神生活，都是神秘地随着月亮的盈缺而消长。因此会出现没有理由的喜悦，莫名其妙的痛苦和毫无原因的欢笑和悔恨。这些突然而荒诞的交替变化构成我们通常的情绪变化。这些情绪是血液和体液的产物，但血液和体液听从许多主人的指挥，主人中也包括不断盈缺的月亮。月亮通过眼睛直接和灵魂接触，沿着血液的神秘渠道间接和灵魂接触，因此月亮是双重的神。
我们即使把月亮想象为仅仅是一块石头，也会发现它的石头性质是个潜在的神。一块变冷了的石头。一块没有空气环绕，不含水分的石头。它预示我们的地球在未来的形象，那时距离现在有几百万年，那时衰老的太阳已经丧失它养育万物的能力…...如此等等。这段文章能够很容易地拉长——成为一篇华而不实的作品。但我要克制。让每一位读者按照他自己的品味去尽量填加修辞的色彩吧。无论如何，华丽也罢，不华丽也罢，那块石头仍然是——石头性质。你无法长时间地想这块石头而不发现自己受到这种或那种本质上是神圣的情思的干扰。这些情思属于彼此不同而又互为补充的两大类之一：人类渺小的情思和人类伟大的情思。…
08年：
汉译英:
我们搭小火轮去广州。晚上十点钟离开香港。
We boarded a little steamer to Guangzhou and left HK at ten at night.
开船的时候，朋友A在舱外唤我。我走出舱去，便听见A说：“香港的夜是很美丽的，你不可不看。”
When the ship was about to leave, my friend called me from outside the cabin. I went out and heard him saying, “ The night in HK is so beautiful that you can?t miss it.”
我站在舱外，身子靠着栏杆，望着那渐渐退去的香港。
on the deck outside I Leant against the and watched the city of HK receding from us.
海是黑的，天也是黑的。天上有些星子，但大半都不明亮。只有对面的香港成了万颗星点的聚合。
The sea was dark, so was the sky. There were a few stars in the sky but most of the not bright enough
while HK opposite to us became made a constellation of stars.
山上有灯，街市上有灯，建筑物上有灯。每一盏灯就像一颗星，在我的肉眼里它比星子更明亮，更光辉。它们密密麻麻的排列着，像是一座星的山，放射着万丈光芒的星的山。
There were lights over the mountains, in the streets and on the buildings, each resembling a star but brighter and more brilliant in my naked eyes. Dotted here and there, they consituted a mountain of stars, in all splendors.
夜是静寂的，柔和的。从对面我听不见一点声音。香港似乎闭了它的大口。但是当我注意到那一座光芒万丈的星的山的时候，我又仿佛听见那许多灯光的私语了。因为船的移动，灯光也似乎移动起来。而且电车汽车上的灯也在飞跑。我看见它们时明时暗，就像人在眨眼，或者像他们在追逐，在说话。我的视觉和听觉混合起来。我仿佛造用眼睛听了。那一座星的山并不是沉默的，在那里正奏着伟大的交响乐。
It was a quiet and peace night. Not a sound could be heard across the water as though Hk had shut its big mouth. However, when I gazed at the mountain of radiant stars, I felt as if those countless lights were whispering to each other. They seemed to be moving with the ship, including those on the trolley buses and cars, which were running. Brightening up now but dimmed away then/ Turning bright and dim now and then, they seemed to be blinking or running after or talking to each other. My visual and auditory senses blended and I was almost hearing with my eyes. That mountain of stars was not silent but playing a great symphony.
我差不多到了忘我的境界……
I was almost forgetful of myself.
船似乎在转弯。星的山愈过愈变得窄小了。但我的眼里还留着一片金光，还响着那美丽的交响乐
The steamer seemed to be swinging around and the mountain of the stars was becoming narrow and small, but there was still an expanse of golden rays in my eyes and a beautiful symphony in my ears.
后来船驶进群山的中间(我不知道是山还是岛屿)，香港完全给遮住了。海上没有灯，浓密的黑暗包围着我们的船。星的山成了一个渺茫的梦。我还呆呆地站在那里，我想找回那座星的山，但是我什么也看不见。外面的空气很凉爽，风吹得我的头有点受不住了，我便回到舱里去。舱里人声嘈杂，是一个完全不同的世界。我把脚踏进舱里的时候，我不禁疑惑地问自己：我先前看见的难道只是一个幻景？
Later, the steamer sailed into mountains (I didn?t know whether they were mountains or
islands) and Hk was completed kept out of sight. Lightless on the sea, the ship was enveloped in a pitch darkness and that starry mountain disappeared a vague dream. Standing there lost, I tried to retrieve it in vain. It was cool outside but the blowing wind was a bit too much for my head, so I went back to the cabin, where it was quite a different world with all the noises. The moment I set my foot in, I asked myself in doubt, “was it only a mirage that I saw just now ”
参考译文:
我们搭小火轮去广州。晚上十点钟船离开了香港。
We boarded a stea m launch to Guangzhou and left Hongkong at ten o?clock.
开船的时候，朋友洪在舱外唤我。我走出船去，便听见洪说：“香港的夜很美，你不可不看。”
As the boat started to move, my friend Hong called me outside the cabin. The moment I stepped out I heard him yelling："Look! Hongkong\'s night view is ma rvelous, you can?t miss it".
我站在舱外，身子靠着栏杆，望着渐渐退去的香港。
Outside on the deck I leaned against the railing, watching Hongkong receding from us.
海是黑的，天也是黑的。天上有些星星，但大半都不明亮。只有对面的香港成了万颗星点的聚合。
The sea was dark, so was the sky. There scattered some stars in the heavens but most of them not quite bright while Hongkong in the distance made a constellation of stars.
山上有灯，街上有灯，建筑物上有灯。每一盏就像一颗星，在我的肉眼里它比星星更亮。它们密密麻麻地排列着，像是一座星的山，放射着万丈光芒的星的山。
Over the mountains, on the streets and buildings were lights, each resembling a star, yet in my naked eyes they outshone stars. Myriads of lights dotted here and there constituted a mountain of stars, shining with a spectacle of brilliance.
夜是静寂的，柔和的。从对面我听不见一点声音。香港似乎闭上了它的大口。但是当我注意到那座光芒万丈的星的山的时候，我仿佛又听见了那无数的灯光的私语。船在移动，灯光也跟着在移动起来。而且电车汽车上的灯也在飞跑。我看见它们时明时暗，就像人在眨眼，或者像它们在追逐，在说话。我的视觉和听觉混合起来。我仿佛在用眼睛听了。那一座星的山并不是沉默的，在那里正奏着出色的交响乐。
Tranquility and peace reigned the night. Not a sound could be heard from cross the water as though Hongkong closed its big mouth. However, when I gazed at that starry mountain I felt as if those countless lights were whispering with each other. The ship was moving and so were the lights, together with the lamplights on the running trolley buses and cars on the opposite streets. I saw them turning dim and bright now and then just like children winkling or frolicking or chatting with each other. My visual and auditory senses blending, I was almost listening with my eyes. The star-studded mountain was no dumb; instead, they were busy with performing a magnificent symphony...
我差不多到了忘我的境界…
翻译硕士《翻译硕士英语》样题 I. Vocabulary and grammar (30’) Multiple choice Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet. 1. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _________ against the local authorities’ decision to build a highway across the field. A. contradict B. reform C. counter D. protest 2. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _________. A. minority B. scarcity C. rarity D. minimum 3. Professor Johnson’s retirement ________ from next January. A. carries into effect B. takes effect C. has effect D. puts into effect 4. The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to ________ government spending. A. finance B. expand C. enlarge D. budget 5. The heat in summer is no less _________ here in this mountain region. A. concentrated B. extensive C. intense D. intensive 6. Taking photographs is strictly ________ here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings. A. forbidden B. rejected C. excluded D. denied 7. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will _________. A. pull back B. pull up C. pull through D. pull out 8. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customer’s _________ rather than the company’s. A. benefit B. availability C. suitability D. convenience 9. The priest made the ________ of the cross when he entered the church. A. mark B. signal C. sign D. gesture 10. This spacious room is ________ furnished with just a few articles in it. A. lightly B. sparsely C. hardly D. rarely 11. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can. A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were 12. With some men dressing down and some other men flaunting their looks, it is really hard to tell they are gay or _________. A. straight B. homosexual C. beautiful D. sad 13. His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting. A. so as to B. such as to C. such to D. as much as to 14. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday. A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. came 15. _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen. A. I was and always will be B. I have to be and always will be C. I had been and always will be D. I have been and always will be 16. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful, we will have to install _________ solar heating device in our home. A. some type of B. some types of a C. some type of a D. some types of 17. I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I ________ the journey in exactly two days. A. must take B. must have made
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.
上外英语专业考研经验分享 一、我的基本情况 我现在在上外英语系读研究生一年级，当初考研考了两次，第一年是由于对题目理解不深，考试指导方向不明，导致基础英语考了90多分，便未能进入复试。有了第一次的惨痛教训，我调整了复习方向，更换了一大批书目，第二年终于取得了成功，总分402，专业课也比第一年有了数十分的提高。在此我想和大家分享一些针对上外学术型英语专业考研的备考经验（以专业课基础英语和英汉互译为例），以期对大家有所帮助。 二、关于专业课复习 网上有很多人说上外的题目很难，确实如此，上外英专的题目几乎没有哪一道题是简单的，但这并不代表就无处下手，只要认真分析真题，制定相应的学习计划，还是能够取得成功的。 1、基础英语：其分为三大部分：英语基础知识运用、阅读理解、作文。其中后两项占比重最高，作文有大小两篇总共65分，阅读理解40道题40分（年份不同分值会稍有变化），这就告诉我们要在这两项上下大工夫。 英语基础知识运用首先是词汇题，考察考生的词汇量与理解程度，这不单单要求你认识这个单词还要求对这个单词有较深的理解。接着是改错题，这一道题像普通英语考试的改错题一样，难度不大，考察的都是最基础的知识。最后一小部分是完形填空，一篇不长的文章挖去30个空，给出一个包含30个单词的框，要你选择合适单词的
合适形式来填空。鉴于这道题的难度一直比较大，我们在平常积累搭配、词汇对付这道题的同时要注意对试卷整体的把握，毕竟只占15分（2013年与2014年），我们遇见不会的题目时要果断处置。整个的考试时间对上外的题量与难度来说几乎是捉襟见肘的，所以考试时通读文章之后要对难度与时间有一个基本的把握与衡量。 阅读理解，上外在2013年之前采用的是GRE的题目，从2013年开始沿用英语专业八级考试阅读部分的体型，2013年当年更是直接用了以往英语专业八级考试的部分真题，所以衡量自己的阅读能力最好的办法就是在规定的时间内完成一套专八真题，测试一下正确率。对于阅读来说，词汇是基础，没有过硬的词汇量读文章会比较费力，再者就是阅读速度，8篇文章（有长有短）40道题，时间大概不能超过一个小时，以40-50分钟为好，否则下面写作文的时间便少了很多。所以这道题目测试的就是应试者的理解力与阅读速度。又快又好是这部分试题的要求。作文是一篇小作文（要求为记叙文），250字左右，25分；一篇大作文（要求为议论文），记得是要求400字左右，40分。所出的题目都是比较富有哲理的，这无形中也增加了写作的难度，比如2014年的议论文要求考生论述WISDOM和KNOWLEDGE 的关系，就很具有思辨性。作文的提高不是一日而就的，要求我们平时要多阅读，多练笔，积累优美词句，养成爱思考的习惯，这样才能在考场上遇变不惊。 2、英汉互译：说起翻译似乎没有一个标准，一篇文章会有多个不同的翻译版本，但细细研读这些文章之后，我们便会发现其中的细
任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票（vote）.(be eligible to ) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for,scholarship) A form to apply for scholarships is sent by the university to each student before the start of each semester . 遵照医生建议，我决定戒烟。（on the advice of） On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking . 公司位于县城的正中央.(Be located in) The park is located right in the center of town . 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(Facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。（fill out） The policemen are busy filling out forms about the accident. 我想在还车之前把邮箱（fuel tank）加满（fill up） I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car. 如果你要投诉，最好遵循正确的程序。（follow the procedure） If you want to make a complaint,you would better follow the correct procedure. 要不是约翰帮忙，我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。（without） We could not have finished the experiment so soon without John’s help. 暴风雨之后，岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期待发现小船的踪迹。 After the storm of boat the people on the store anxiously scanned the lake for any sign. 我们需要通过减少道路上的车辆以降低燃料消耗。（consumption） We need to cut down on our fuel consumption by having fewer cars on the road. 电费上涨增加了我们的负担。（add to） The rise in power costs has added to our burden. 你应该自己判断行事，别总是跟在你哥哥后面。（follow the lead） You should fudge by yourself,and not always follow your brother’s. 那种发型今年很流行，但是我想明年就会过时。（in fashion） That hair style is in fashion this year,but I an afraid it will be out of fashion next year. 在追求真理的过程中，我们注定（fate to）要遭受失败的痛苦。（in one’s quest for） In our quest for truth, we are fated to suffer from many failures. 我们得把感情放在一边，从专业的（professinal）角度来对待这件事。（from a```stand point）We have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional stand point. 这部戏非常精彩，我很快就沉浸于激动人心的剧情之中。（lose oneself in of ） The plan was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement in of it. 她没有什么爱好——除非你把看电视也算是一种爱好。 She hasn’t got any hobbies---unless you call watching TV a hobby. 他说他是直接从市长本人那里得到这个信息的。（first-hand） He said he had got the information first-hand from the major himself. 既然你不能回答这个问题，我们最好问问别人。（since） Since you can not answer the question, perhaps we would better ask someone else. 那件工作很难做，不过我想试试看。（have a shot） It is a difficult iob but I’d like to have a shot. 这是一本关于商务实践而非理论的书。（as opposed to）
科技英语翻译联系200句 transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy. 传送电磁波需要能量 control will do most of things in pest control. 化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。 is not until wires are connected that the path is completed. 直到导线接上以后，此电路才接通。 odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing. 对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说，条件都是极为不利的。 design is of an art rather than an exact science. 与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学，不如说它是一门艺术。 rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 发现迅速减少到（了）1/7。 and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all,so they cannot see colors. 凡是夜间觅食的飞禽走兽，因为眼睛中的视维细胞数量极少或根本没有，所以不能辨别颜色。 is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes. 海啸有时威力很大，足可摧毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物。 everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved. 并非每个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能免于坍塌。 crane has a certain hitting
上外英语语言文学英美文学经验贴 1.用书：①综英：全球热门报刊双语阅读精选(4本)；环球时代美文读本(只用了其中4本)；本科高级英语1－2(张汉熙主编)+教参；星火专八阅读100篇；华研专八阅读180篇；新东方阅读100篇(高分版)；冲击波专八阅读；英语写作教程2--细节描写与读者意识；地道英文进阶(魏剑锋著)；Gre长难句；刘毅10000；Gre3000；经济学人100篇精读②翻译：108散文；张培基2和4(4只看了1/3)；英汉名篇名译(朱明炬)③政治：肖秀荣1000题；肖八(只刷了选择)；肖四 ④二外(德语)：大学德语1－2(张书良总主编)；新求精；圣才真题 2.复习方法： 初试： 我是按照姐姐发在群里的50分钟循环复习课表来的，加上平时跟做姐姐的阅读和写作，所以复习比较系统化，有条理。当然在这过程中会备受打击，但是打击习惯了也就好了，越挫越勇，最后两个月真的是佛系，各种看剧和综艺啥的，也算是给自己放松一下，不然真的怕憋出毛病来。每个月我基本上只放松1－2天，平时早上6:40起，洗漱吃早饭，大概7:40开始学习，中午会睡午觉，14:00又开始学习，晚上大概11:30睡觉。每天晚上10:30－11:30会把一整天所学内容再复习一遍，我喜欢用本子把所有学到的词组都记下来，然后集中复习。 平时练阅读要注意每篇文章的开头结尾和每段的开头结尾；写作上，我会注意每一句话的用词和结构，所以每次写作文都要花好长时
间，虽然有点费时间，但是的确感觉进步比较大，写多了，会变顺畅。作文会背环球时代上的美文以及英语写作教程上的细节描写文章。翻译一定要好好弄，千万不可以不重视，每次大家的综英其实都考的差不多，但是翻译会拉开差距，所以张培基一定要反复看，反复视译，可以研究一下结构什么的，熟悉度高了，慢慢张培基的遣词用句也就能用到作文里了，这个很重要！！！ 但不是死背，只要熟悉，一看到就能反应过来就行。政治我是10月才开始准备的，不求考多高，只要过了就行，一开始刷1000题，把错的题号都记下来，最后一个月再复盘一遍就行，然后好好把肖四大题按结构框架背熟就没问题了，考试的时候记着写满，哪怕把材料抄一遍都行。二外(德语)因为在学校就学的还不错，所以不太费劲，每天花100分钟在上面就行，主要是弄清语法，单词写熟记熟，变位变格学会，最后两个月刷圣才的题，每天一套(我是挑着做的，阅读和选择一定要做，其他的随便)，作文最后3个月对照模板再练就行。 复试： 1.用书：吴伟仁的英国文学和美国文学选读(4本)；罗经国英国文学选读(2本)；童明的美国文学史；星火考点精梳与精炼英美文学 2.复习方法：由于今年疫情原因，我在家就拖延症晚期，看书也不好好看，天天玩手机，直到4月中旬才开始正式好好复习，我主要以罗经国的英国文学和童明的美国文学为主，吴伟仁的4本作为补充，每看一个时期就做一个时期的mindmap(思维导图做历史背景，时代特征，流派，作家，作品，写作风格等)，然后全部做完后，就开始
Unit1 A new study shows that dogs can detect if someone has cancer just by sniffing the person’s breath. Ordinary household dogs with only a few weeks of basic training learn to accurately distinguish between breath samples of lung- and breast-cancer patients and healthy subjects.One expert, who led the research, said, “Our study provides compelling evidence that cancers hidden beneath the skin can be detected simply by (dogs’) examining the odors of a person’s breath.” Early detection of cancers greatly improves a patient’s survival chances, and researchers hope that man’s best friend, the dog, can become an important tool in early screening. Unit 2 A research team recently replicated a bacterium’s genetic structure entirely from l aboratory chemicals, moving one step closer to creating the world’s first artificial organism. The researchers said, “It’s the second step of a three-step process to create a synthetic organism. But the final step could prove far more difficult.” Nonetheless, the research is pushing forward at a rapid pace. Last June, the team revealed details of an experiment in which researchers inserted the DNA of one species of bacterium into the cells of another. That process almost magically booted up the inserted genome. The research team hopes to use a similar trick to boot up the artificially created genome, so as to create a man-made living organism. Unit 3 In recent years, the psychologists from many countries banded together to do a research which indicated that continued income growth could make people apply themselves to an ongoing consumption race rather than promote overall happiness. Everyone has to spend more and more money in order to maintain a constant level of happiness. This is because our vanity and jealousy are functioning . The way to sort out them out is to cultivate the noble sentiment of being considerate and serving the society. People shouldn’t pin all their hopes on money. Instead , friends, family and work are also playing a very improtant role . Therefore, hapiness is not an inborn trait, but a talent which everyone can learn. Unit 4 I used to feel excited at teaching my students the elegant economic theories that could supposedly cure societal problems of all types. But what is the good of all my complex theories when people were dying of starvation on the sidewalks and porches across from my lecture hall? My lessons were like the American movies where the good guys always win. But when I emerged from the comfort of the classroom, I was faced with the reality of the city streets. Here good guys were mercilessly beaten and trampled. Daily life ws getting worse, and the poor were growing even poorer. Unit 5 No one thought that shy little Einstein would grow up to a prominent scientist. He was slow in learning to speak, and he often paused to consider what he would say during a conversation.In school, Albert Einstein was singled out by his teachers as a troublesome child because he liked to ask difficult strange questions. He did not like to memorize facts and rules, but was interested in what lay below the surface of things. When he was four or five years old, for instance, his father gave him a compass. Little Einstein was curious about the mysterious force that could keep a compass needle always pointing north, which prompted him to read widely in science. His real studies were mostly done at home by reading books on mathematics, physics, and philosophy. Unit 6 Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make their own minds. They tend to take the initiatives, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They are considered sentimental. When they see a flag on ceremonial occasions, or attend parades celebrating Ame rica’s glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. They tend to be emotional at the reunions with family and friends, too. Sometimes, they can laugh at themselves and their country, while they will always remain intensely patriotic.