Research Report:
Jaws of Anxiety
Not too many of us enjoy going to the dentist. Read this article from PSYCHOLOGY TODAY to learn more about some people’s fear of facing the drill.
As he climbs into the dentist’s chair for the first time, three-year-old Danny clearly would rather be somewhere else. He’s already squirming like a hooked trout and seems on the verge of tears. The most probable explanation for Danny’s anxiety is: 1) the office sound system is playing Neil Diamond again; 2) Danny is just a nervous kid;
3) Danny’s mother, no fan of dentists herself, transmitted her own anxiety to her son.
Many dentists would blame Danny’s nervousness on mom, but a study at North Carolina State University suggests that the second explanation is correct. Researchers videotaped the dental debuts of 46 three-year-olds and noted any anxious behavior, from fidgeting to outright attempts to flee from the dentist’s chair.
Meanwhile, the mothers reported how anxious they felt about their child’s examination and about their own dental visits. They also filled out questionnaires designed to estimate their offspring’s day-to-day anxiety level.
The results? “A mother’s anxiety did not appear to affect her child,” says NCSU psychologist Lynne Baker-Ward, Ph.D. The best predictor of a kid’s anxiety level inside the dentist’s office, it turned out, was his anxiety level outside the dentist’s office. Although nervous toddlers did have nervous moms, the mothers seemed to be responding to the kid’s anxiety, rather than vice versa.
The researcher’s conclusions were bolstered by an experiment in which some families watched a reassuring dental video before their appointment. Mothers who saw the video said that they felt less nervous about their child’s visit. If maternal anxiety were truly influencing the kids, the children should have been more relaxed too. But the kids displayed as much anxious behavior as peers whose moms hadn’t seen the video.
Parental anxiety may become more of a factor in later visits. The child’s own dental experiences, as well as those of siblings and peers, probably play a greater role as well.
1. According to this article,
A. many dentists blame parents for a child’s anxious feelings.
B. most three-year-olds shouldn’t visit the dentist.
C. North Carolina State’s study upholds the beliefs of most dentists.
D. parents often blame dentists for a child’s nervousness.
2. Which of the following is true according to this article?
A. Soothing music has a calming effect on young patients.
B. Nervous mothers in the dentist’s office cause nervous children.
C. Watching a calming video will reduce anxiety in upset children.
D. The video helped calm the nervous mothers.
3. The information in this article supports the idea that
A. behavior at the first dental visit could be predicted by watching the child in
another stressful situation.
B. children pick up subtle clues from dentists’ attitudes toward them.
C. children will become increasingly stressed with each subsequent visit to the
dentist.
D. children under the age of three are always unpredictable.
4. Which of the following choices contains a literary device known as a simile?
A. As he climbs into the dentist’s chair
B. He’s already squirming like a hooked trout.
C. Danny is just a nervous kid.
D. Researchers videotaped the dental debuts.
5. Which of the following research techniques was used in the study at North Carolina State University?
A. Researchers videotaped children at their first dental visit and had their mothers
complete questionnaires.
B. Researchers studied the effect of different styles of music on the level of
children’s nervousness.
C. Researchers videotaped the mothers of anxious children to see if they
transmitted their nervousness.
D. Children filled out questionnaires designed to estimate the level of their
day-to-day anxiety.
Poem:
Poet Theodore Roethke describes a night spent on a train traveling through a remote section of the United States. Read the poem "Night Journey" to learn what emotional effect the sights and sounds have on him. Answer the questions that follow.
Night Journey
By Theodore Roethke
Now as the train bears west,
Its rhythm rocks the earth,
And from my Pullman berth
I stare into the night
While others take their rest.
Bridges of iron lace,
A suddenness of trees,
A lap of mountain mist
All cross my line of sight,
Then a bleak wasted place,
And a lake below my knees.
Full on my neck I feel
The straining at a curve;
My muscles move with steel,
I wake in every nerve.
I watch a beacon swing
From dark to blazing bright;
We thunder through ravines
And gullies washed with light.
Beyond the mountain pass
Mist deepens on the pane;
We rush into a rain
That rattles double glass.
Wheels shake the roadbed stone,
The pistons jerk and shove,
I stay up half the night
To see the land I love.
1. How does the poet help the reader understand that the view from the train is changing rapidly?
A. by using technical railroad terms
B. by using short lines
C. by using a nighttime setting
D. by using passive voice
2. What does the poet most likely mean when he writes "Bridges of iron lace" in line 6?
A. bridges that are cold and fragile
B. bridges that are light and dark
C. bridges that have history and value
D. bridges that have strength and elegance
3. What does the speaker mean when he says in line 14, "My muscles move with steel"?
A. His body feels powerful.
B. He exercises his body.
C. His body responds to the motion.
D. He stretches in his Pullman berth.
4. What idea is conveyed by the shift to the pronoun "we" in lines 18 and 22?
A. The other passengers are waking up.
B. The man and machine are briefly one.
C. The train is increasing its speed.
D. The man is dependent on trains.
Informative essay:
Say Cheese
Here’s an article from THE WORLD OF CHEESE by Evan Jones with some history and interesting information about cheese. Read it and answer the following questions.
Cheese has been described as everything from food for the gods to “a surly elf, digesting all things but itself.” Mere mortals thrive on it, but not many have probed its mystery.
When my brothers and sister and I were young, our mother’s unchanging Sunday night supper was based on cheese, and week after week, year after year, we thrived on the menu. The cheddary golden-orange piece de resistance was called Old English and was served simply, with graham crackers, accompanied by mugs of hot chocolate. Not only was it a sensible meal to end a day that had been “parted in the middle,” as our mother would say, by the traditional abundance of Sunday dinner just after noon; it was a family ritual. It was also character building, I can hear our parents saying. The difference between honest cheese and that which was ersatz was important to know. But we didn’t learn much else about the cheese at home. We had the usual version of macaroni and cheese, and Welsh Rabbit, but never cheese as an end -of-dinner course—nor did anyone else we knew. The function of cheese in those days, and in that part of America, was as a meat substitute, in casseroles, sauces, a sandwich here and there. It gained status only when served with pie, as in the old British saying: Apple pie without cheese is like a kiss without a squeeze.
It took the airplane and a sort of gastronomic revolution to change things. There was plenty of cheese being made in the United States, but very little variety. If you wanted to add to your knowledge you almost had to go to Europe, where there were (and are) cheeses in so many variations as to seem astounding. You learned that the English made others besides Cheddar and Cheshire, that the Italians weren’t limited by Parmesan so hard it had to be grated, and that the Danes were making copies of Europe’s best. But you had to go to France to find more mysterious wonders of the cheese world—cheeses made in almost every shape imaginable, cheeses produced only in certain seasons of the year, others that oozed mellifluously when their white skins were broken, some even that smelled rank but tasted ineffably of sweet cream and savor.
It is hard to remember the first fromager to whom we went regularly when we lived in
Paris but easy to realize that the kind of store he proudly operated did not begin to proliferate in America until the beginning of the 1970’s. In France the windows of such stores are often filled with cheeses so decoratively arranged they mislead you into thinking the place a pastry shop. Maybe it is the flour-white rinds that fool you—or the crusty look of others reminiscent of country bread. Inside, the counters are serieuse, cheese piled upon cheese because the storekeeper knows his stock moves quickly enough to prevent the weight of one from squashing another. The shapes are myriad: starlike cheeses, balls, cubes, cones, squares, pyramids, millstones, chariot wheels, cucumbers, bricks, parallelepipeds, rhomboids, ingots, hearts, melons, crescents, ostrich eggs, and pears. My wife or I would bring home newly discovered forms as cheerfully as newly discovered flavors —as if we had found a new toy.
In this country, few retailers need to be masters of the finishing process, as is the fromager affineur, who sells so many shapes in France. Here the challenge is eliminated because all imported dairy products have to be pasteurized. But a traditional French retailer has been as apt as not to get his stock directl y from farmers and small creameries. He keeps the cheeses in a cool, humid cellar where some are ripened on wooden shelves, some on straw, some on metal racks, depending on their types…They are living cheeses because pasteurization has not arrested their development, and they need tender loving care.
1. Where in the library would you be most likely to find this selection?
A. With books about childhood memories
B. With books about the French economy
C. With books about travel in France
D. With books about French food
2. In the paragraph beginning “But we didn’t learn . . .” and the paragraph following it, the author’s purpose is
A. to set up a contrast.
B. to ridicule all cheese not made in France.
C. to tell people that American cheese lacks quality.
D. to teach readers how cheese is made.
3. Do you think the author of this article likes cheese?
A. He hated it as a child but likes it now.
B. He loved it as a child but dislikes it now.
C. He liked it as a child and still does.
D. The author offers no opinion.
4. According to the article, specialty cheese shops, like those found in Paris,
A. grew too large in the United States.
B. were shut down because of unpasteurized milk.
C. never were developed in America.
D. did not become common in America until after 1970.
5. What do you think the author most wants readers to gain from reading this article?
A. Knowledge of how cheese is made
B. Appreciation of cheese
C. Desire to use domestic cheese
D. A sense of the invention of cheese
ANSWERS:
ADABA
BDCB
DACDB
英语阅读理解的做题方法总结 一、六种常选文章结构 （1）现象解释型。这种结构模式的文章作者一般开头先摆出一种现象或提出一 个概念，接着围绕这一概念或现象进行进一步解释说明，最后总结这一现象产生的意义或再一次阐述概念；或者摆出现象，阐述现象可能产生的后果，最后提出自己的建议。总体而言，主线有两条，即提出现象——解释原因——总结意义或摆出现象——阐述后果——总结建议。 （2）信息传播型。这种结构的文章表达方式事实多，细节详细（包括人物、地 点、时间、情景、特点等等），多为说明性体裁的文章。阅读时要尽量记忆文章所介绍的各条信息，可以根据内容进行分析，提纲挈领地记住短文的中心思想，也可以运用想象力设想所介绍的事物或情境的各个方面。这类文章的题目若出现观点态度题，答案一般为impartial，objective之类表示客观的形容词。 （3）观点论证型。这是论说文常用的一种结构模式，对于这种类型的阅读，考 生掌握了作者的观点立场以及相关的论证，也就掌握了这篇文章的得分点。这种类型的文章按照观点提出的先后又可以分为G——S型观点论证与S——G型观点论证。 G——S型，又称一般——特殊型或者演绎型文章；文章开头先给以个一般观点，之后的部分是特殊观点，是一种由总到分、由大到小的组织模式。这种模式在考研阅读文章镇南关最为常见。这类文章遵循从观点到材料，从抽象到具体逻辑法则，其基本框架是先总论后分论，中心论点出现在分论之前。 S——G型则相反，采用的是由分到总得行文格式，这类文章先从数据、科学观察、实验结果和引用权威等事实论据出发引发一个议题，最后得出结论。 （4）事实证明型。这类文章往往是有个结论，或放在开头，或放在结尾，余者 为数据、科学观察、实验结果和引用权威等事实。G——S或S——G格式。它和观点论证型的不同在于：这种文章没有个人观点，因此就不会有分析论说型文章中的那些短语。阅读时要先抓住结论，然后仔细理解每项证据，可以假设自己并不信服结论，看作者如何逐步说服读者。 （5）问题解答型。这种类型文章首先陈述文章背景，在该背景下提出问题，然 后给出问题的解答方法或对该问题的反应，最后评估该方法。问题解答型文章模式的特征可以用四个字母概括：S（situation）——P（problem）——S（solution）——E（evaluation）。总体布局上有时会舍去situation或evaluation部分，大部分该类型文章都是如此。 出题者就P——S类型文章设题时，在陈述背景部分设题的可能性往往较小，即使在这一部分设了题，通常也是一些细节题，在提出问题部分，往往会设一些与主旨或观点态度有关的题，出题者在问题解答部分和给予评价部分设的题通常很灵活，有时会设主旨大意题，有时会设细节题，甚至还会设一些观点态度题。 （6）匹配型。段落的发展主线为两种事物之间的类比，可以是两种事物各自优缺点的一一对应，也可以是先介绍完一个事物，再接着介绍另一个事物。这种类型文章结构模
（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
科技英语文体特点 钱三强教授曾指出:科技英语无论在语法结构或词汇方面都逐渐形成了它特有的习惯用法、特点和规律.这就是说，科技英语除了具有和普通英语相同的共性之外，又具有个性。科技语言的总的要求是以最少的文字符号准确地表达、传递最大的信息量。为此，语言精练、结构紧凑就成了科技语言的突出特征。由于科技文章反映科学家的思考和工作方法。 科技文章的基本要求反映出科技文章特有的文体和修辞色彩，从而形成了其独特的文体特征。 1、针对性(Appropriateness)：文章紧扣主题，并针对一定的读者对象和范围。 2、平衡性(Balance)：在阐明一个科技陈述时，并平衡它的各方面因素。比如既反映已取得的科技成果，又指出其局限性。 3、简洁(Brevity)：科技文章结构紧凑，用词简洁、明了，用最少的文字符号来表达、传递最大的信息量。 4、连贯性(Consistency)：科技文章中，术语、数字的引证，各种符号的使用必须具有连贯性，前后应一致。 5、完整性(Unity)：科技文章逻辑较严密，要求论证有说服力，推理合情合理，结论符合逻辑。 6、精确性(Precision)：科技文章中，要求定义确切、分类清楚、公式推导、计算和计量正确无误。 7、合理安排(Control)：科技文章中表达的信息、观点和思想要符合逻辑顺序，陈述的安排、公式、图表等的配套，甚至最后的结论都要合理布局。 8、直观手段(Visual Aids)：科技文章常附有各种表格、图表、公式和符号来说明或论证问题，无需用文字再说明。
9、正规性(Formality)：科技文章的几条要求，决定了其文体上是正规的标准书 面英语(科技对话例外)，不用口语(Colloquial English)也不用俚语(Slang)，而是大量使用技术词汇(Technical Words)、专业词汇(Specialized Words)和半技术词汇(Semi-technical Words)。 一、科技英语词汇特点(the Lexical Characteristics of EST) 科学技术涉及自然科学、社会科学，上至天文地理，下至矿藏海洋；大至宇宙太空，小至分子电子等等，专业词汇成千上万，一本医学词典就有30多万词汇。加之科学技术不断发展和创新，新的名称，新的术语不断产生。单医学术语每年递增2--3000新词。因此，各种新词、词组、习用语、缩略语、外来语越来越多。现今的词典、字典已经从通用词典发展为各专业词典，各学科都有自己的词库，如法律词典、商务词典、工程词典、计算机词典等等。但是，不论哪个专业词汇，他们都有科技词汇的基本特点，这是由科技英语的专业特点和行文特点所决定的。 1、科技词汇的组成(Formation of English Technical Terms) ①纯科技词汇或称专业技术词汇(Pure ST words) 这类词汇在科技英语中的出现频率并不高。这类词汇如hydroxide(氢氧化物)、diode(二极管)、isotope(同位素)、promethazine (异丙嗪)、planction(浮游生物)等，它们的特点是严谨、规范、词义单一，使用范围狭窄，多限于本专业使用，而且多是国际上通用的。 ②通用科技词汇(Common ST Words) 这类词汇系指不同专业都要经常使用的通用词汇，如frequency(频率)、density(密度)、energy(能量)、magnetism(磁性)等。这类词的词义也比较单一，使用范围较专业技术词汇要广些，在科技英语中出现频率较高。 ③半科技词汇(Semi- ST Words)
（一）阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要且有相互联系的因素。 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 ●数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 ●解释说明文
阅读理解专题 各题型设题方式（见讲义） 专题一细节理解题 1此种题型占有较大比例, 而且不止简单的对号入座直接答题,还有通过语句的同义转述或反义转换来考察语言理解。 2分类：①信息确认（题干关键词－-寻找原文--比对选项）②语义转化题（同义转述；正话反说）③数字计算题(找数字--文章意思--算出答案) ④排列顺序题（“收尾定位法”)⑤图表图画题（‘’按图索骥法’’） 3干扰选项特征：无中生有；把未然当已然;扩大或缩小;偷换概念；文不对题正确选项特征:语言简化；词性或语态变化；关键词替换;正话反说 专题二推理判断题 技巧: 1利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断 2根据文章的结论推断作者态度 ３文章应该符合常识习惯,结合已有的相关知识推断 （正确答案往往是原文没有的,是合理推测的。用排除法是其中一个最好用的方法。) 专题三文章或段落主旨大意 1主旨大意包括①主题型（ｔoｐic,subjecｔ,maiｎidea）和②标题型（ｔitle）。 ①在做主题型（topic，subject，main ideａ）时,可先找主题句。一般出现在开头结尾。有时没有主题句,需要概括归纳。 ②在做标题型(tｉtｌe)时，以中心为依托,但大意不等于标题。中心需详尽;标题需简明、凝练。 2解题技巧归纳：①分清主次（找出主题句)②抓关键词（判断作者意图)③理清层次关系（选出最佳标题） ①分清主次(找出主题句） 主题句在开头。开宗明义，点明主题 主题句在结尾。用归纳法写的文章, 细节在前,描述在后。所以结尾主题句总结归纳，画龙点睛。 无明显主题句。只是暗示性地体现主题。需概括总结。 ②抓关键词（判断作者意图) 注意褒贬等含有感情色彩的词;人物语言、行为、思想的描写;对比选项。 ③理清层次关系(选出最佳标题） 选择标题三原则: 概括性:用主题句法。防止主次不分,以点带面,以偏概全
阅读理解训练 I. Where is Love? How can we find Love? Once a little boy wanted to meet Love. He knew it was a long trip to where Love lived, so he got his things ready with some pizzas and drinks and started off. When he passed three streets, he saw an old woman sitting in the park and watching some birds. She looked very hungry. The boy gave her a pizza. She took it and smiled at him. The smile was so beautiful that he wanted to see it again, so he gave her a Coke. She smiled once again. The boy was very happy. They sat there all the afternoon, eating and smiling, but they said nothing. When it grew dark, the boy decided to leave. But before he had gone more than a few steps, he turned around, ran back to the old woman and gave her a hug. The woman gave him her biggest smile ever. When the boy opened the door of his house, his mother was surprised by the look of joy(快乐)on his face and asked what had made him so happy. “I had lunch with Love. She has got the ,s son was also surprised at his At the same time, the old womanmost beautiful smile in the world.”,s pleasure and asked why. mother“I ate a pizza in the park with Love,”she said, “and he is much younger than I expected.” If the world is full of love, we can enjoy a better life. 1.When the little boy saw the old woman, she was . A. looking for a seat in the park B. passing the street C. looking at some birds D. having a pizza 2.The little boy gave the old woman a Coke because . A. the old woman still felt hungry B. he wanted to see the smile again ,t like the drink C. he didnD. the old woman paid him for it 3.The old woman gave the little boy the biggest smile . A. after the little boy went home B. before it grew dark C. when she was drinking Coke D. after the little boy hugged her ,s mother was surprised to see her son was very 4.The boywhen the door opened. A. pleased B. sad C. unhappy D. angry 5.Which of the following is TRUE? A. The little boy failed to find Love. B. Both the little boy and the old woman found what they wanted at last. C. The little boy decided never to go home. D. The old woman gave the little boy a hug to thank him. II. Dick was born in a poor family. His father had a small boat and went fishing in the morning
初中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。 做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。 （一）主旨题 主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 （二）细节题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。 （三）推断题 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。 （四）猜测词义题 猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。 （五）正误判断题 正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。一般是根据文章的事实或细节，给出一个句子，判断其正误。这类题比较直接，难度相对较小。做此类题时，应先看题，后带着“问题”快速阅读短文，寻找所需要的信息。初中英语阅读理解题已成为评估学生英语水平的重要测试题型，在中考英语试卷中所占比重较大。阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。大致来说，阅读理解题主要针对如下方面：（1）个别词语或句子；（2）某一细节或情节；（3）主题；（4）背景知识；（5）结论或结局；（6）内涵隐意或寓意等。下面本人就根据阅读理解题的题型特点，来谈一些答题技巧。 一、直接理解题 这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多，例如：
英语阅读理解技巧总结 阅读方法根据每位同学的阅读习惯的不同，各有千秋。但是对于阅读理解的题型、命题原则还是可以参考的。我整理了相关的内容，欢迎欣赏与借鉴。 一、阅读的几种题型 1.情感态度题，包括全文和局部 2.中心思想题，包括主旨大意题，最好标题题，目的题，例证题等 3.猜词题 4.事实细节题 5.推理判断题 二、做阅读的具体方法 1.先看题干，明白要问的是什么?确定是何种题型? 2.进入本题型的解题方法和步骤。 3.再看文章对应的段落，在里面找正确答案。 4.做完一题，再看下一题的题干，在下一段找答案，一般都是一题与一段相互对应。 5.遇到“下面哪项对?下面哪项不对?”这种题目一般都是和段落对应，要不就放到最后做! 6.做完后分析文章的主旨大意，看看自己选择的是不是符合文章的主旨，很多题目都是这样的，包括细节题。 7.做完全部题目结合概率论来检查。基本上是5个平均，有时会有4、6现象，但只会出现二个，不会出现四个!(意思是一般是5A5B5C5D,个别年份是
4A6B5C5D这种形式的) 三、阅读命题原则 1.避免考生根据一般常识而不用阅读文章就能得出答案!所以看似是常识的肯定不对! 2.正确选项的长度和结构要有迷惑性，不能明显异于别的选项! 四、正确答案分析 阅读问题的正确答案经常具有下列五大特征之中的一个或几个： 1.特征一---内容：常与文章的主旨有关。 即经常涉及文章的中心思想。有的文章后面几个问题的正确答案都对应文章的主旨，因此，要注意正确表达了原文主旨的选项。 2.特征二---位置：常对应段首、段尾和转折处。 在前面的做题步骤中已经指出段首、段尾和转折处是文章的重点，也是常出题的地方，值得关注。 3.特征三---改写：常对原文进行同义替换、正话反说或反话正说。 同义替换、正话反说或反话正说是阅读三种最常见的答案编写方式，了解它们就等于能从命题角度把握问题。 4.特征四---语气：常含有不肯定语气词和委婉语气词。 有些问题的答案，尤其是推理题的答案中常包含不肯定语气词和委婉语气词，如may等，以显示推理的相对性。 5.特征五---特性：常具有概括性和深刻性。 由于考研阅读考查的对象是文章要点与重点，因此答案通常具有概括性和深刻性，所以选择答案时对于包含过于琐碎细节的选项要警惕。
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.
小学英语阅读理解的常见题型设置及解题技巧 在小学阶段，阅读理解题型灵活多样，但主要有以下题型： 一、读一读，然后选一选。 这种题型的特点是在短文后给出若十个不完整的句子或若干个根据短文内容提出的问题，针对每一题都提供三到四个备选的答案，要求同学们在正确理解短文内容的基础上，从选项中选出一个正确的答案。这类试题的问题一般是紧扣短文内容编排的，既会涉及文章中的细节内容，如文中出现的人物、时间、地点、事件的前因后果等；也会涉及文章中某个词或某个句子的含义以及文章的主旨、大意和标题等。 The big day comes at last! Mrs Jones' third grade students are waiting quietly for her to come into the classroom. Today Amy brings some cakes, Joy brings some napkins, Carlos brings some soda water and Kate brings some cups. Everyone wants the party to he a surprise. Mrs Jones doesn't know the children have known today is her birthday. When she comes into the classroom, the children shout,“Happy birthday, Mrs Jones!”And then the children get a surprise,too. Mrs Jones brings everyone a party hat and an ice cream! 阅读短文，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1. Mrs Jones' grade students are waiting for her. A. three B.third C.No.3 D.the third ( )2. Carlos brings some _____ ． A. cola B.napkins C.soda water D.cups ( )3．_____ brings some cakes. A. Amy B.Carlos C.Joey D.Kate 分析 题1短文的第二句话告诉我们是琼斯老师的三年级的学生们正静静地等候她的到来。在年级前面应该用序数词来表示，如果是在年级后面就应该用基数词表示。如：the third grade,=Grade Three.同时因为前面有定语Mrs Jones'，所以这里也应该不要the。 题2.3 短文介绍了几个同学分别带了一些东西。卡洛斯带了soda water （汽水），艾米带了蛋糕。 正确答案：1.B 2.C 3. A 二、读一读，然后判断句子正误。 该题型的特点是在短文后给出若干个句子，要求同学们根据短文内容，判断所给的句子意思是否与原文相符。做这类题应该联系短文内容进行发挥，主要是考查对意思相近或相反的几个句子进行鉴别、判断，或是变换词语、句子结构来测试同种意思的不同表达。 There are some public numbers. Do you know when to use these numbers? 110 is a number for calling policeman when you have meet some illegal things. 119 is a number using for a fire accident.
初中英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典练习 英语阅读理解一直都是中考的重点复习对象。原因它在中考中的分数占总分的比重最大。为此，我总结了一些初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧和一些经典的练习题。初中英语理解要提高有两个方面，1. 考前阅读准备。2. 临场解题技巧。 1. 考前阅读准备 一、要注意养成良好的阅读心理，阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。 二、要提高视读的速度，考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。 2. 临场解题技巧 1. 审视标题，抓住中心 试题中有的文章有标题，有的没有，拟题人是有所考虑的。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。它能给我们启发和想象，想象文章的内容和走向。这样做有利于对文章的理解，能提高做题的效率。 2. 浏览全文，掌握全貌 如果时间紧，至少要快速通读全文，尤其是首两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来，这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。 3. 细读题目，抓住要点
对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。另外还要注意试题难易，应暂时绕开那些少数较难的题目，先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目，也就是该类题可以直接或间接从文章中找到的。而对于那些要通过对文章归纳判断、逻辑推理的题目，需要再对全文快速阅读，仔细分析思考，反复比较、推敲选出正确答案。若文章短可先读短文，后看文后题目；如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把有关的画出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。 4. 细读文章，掌握细节 这次应细品，不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔做些记录，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因（即五个W ：who ， what， when， where， why）划出来。经过这样的处理，你对文章的内容和细节便会胸有成竹，对事态的发生、发展和解决有了更加深入的了解。 5. 理解大意，初选答案 一般短文都设有五个题目，对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的题目，应再查阅原文，但决不是简单重读，应找出依据，把所答案代入文中，再确定正误。在确定答案时，对文章和题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思，切忌望文生义，作出错误的判断。 6. 复读全文，核对答案
（英语）中考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、英语阅读（日常生活类） 1．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。 If you look at the top of your phone, you'll usually see a little symbol that says 3G or 4G. The "G" stands for the "generation" （代）of your mobile network. But the symbols will become things of the past after 5G networks fully arrive. On March 30, Shanghai vice-mayor Wu Qing made the first 5G video call on a Huawei Mate X Smartphone. Shanghai has also become the first city in China to start testing 5G networks. About 100 times faster than 4G networks, 5G will let people download and upload data（数据） faster than ever before. But 5G won't just bring faster mobile internet. People can use it for many other things as well. For example, 5G will help to make self-driving cars safer. Today's self-driving test cars have one problem-lag（延迟）. When the car "sees" an obstacle（障碍物）, it sends this information to a data center and receives instructions, However, it will be some time before it sends and receives this information. With this kind of lag, the cars might crash because they don't receive instructions in time. With 5G, this lag will be greatly lowered, making the cars safer. 5G could also be used to power the internet of things （IoT）, that is, a large online network that connects all things and people. Fast internet speeds will be the key to developing this technology. The IoT could be used in a lot of ways. For example, with IoT, your refrigerator could automatically （自动地） place an order online for eggs when it finds that there are no eggs left inside. （1）Which city was 5G tested for the first time? A. Beijing. B. Shanghai. C. Shenzhen. （2）What can we infer（推测） according to the passage?. A. 5G is widely used in China now. B. 5G networks will make our lives more convenient. C. There are no symbols at the top of our phones. （3）The writer uses self-driving cars as an example to . A. explain how 5G's fast speed can be helpful B. warn about the possible dangers of self-driving cars C. explain how self-driving cars work （4）What is IoT according to the passage? A. A robot that can do housework. B. An online store where you can buy anything. C. A large online network that connects things and people. （5）Which sentence is right according to the passage? A. 5G will help us buy eggs quickly. B. Robots can help us buy eggs online. C. Our refrigerator can order eggs online for us. 【答案】（1）B