浙江省绍兴市2017年中考英语真题试题
试卷Ⅰ （选择题共70分）
（一）听力部分（共25分）
一、听力（本题有15小题，第一节每小题1分；第二、三节每小题2分，共计25分）
第一节：听小对话，回答问题。
1. What would Susan like to drink?
A. Tea.
B. Cold water.
C. Coffee.
2. Who is sleeping at home?
A. Tom’s brother.
B. Tom’s father.
C. Tom’s mother.
3. What does the woman mean?
A. She’ll eat out with the man.
B. She’ll play tennis with the man.
C. She’ll go swimming with the man.
4. How is the weather tomorrow?
A. Cloudy.
B. Rainy.
C. Sunny.
5. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a bookstore.
B. In a post office.
C. In a restaurant.
第二节：听较长对话，回答问题。
第下面一段对话，回答第6—7小题。
6. Why does Lucy look unhappy?
A. Because her cat is sick.
B. Because her cat is old.
C. Because her cat is lost.
7. Where are Lucy and Alex probably going?
A. To the hospital.
B. To t he zoo.
C. To the school.
听下面一段对话，回答第8—10小题。
8. How did Matt and Nancy go to New York for a holiday?
A. By cay.
B. By plane.
C. By ship.
9. Where did Matt and Nancy stay while travelling in New York?
A. In a hotel.
B. At their friend’s house.
C. In a university.
10. What did Matt and Nancy do every day in Central Park?
A. They took a walk.
B. They rode a bike.
C. They watched birds. 第三节：听独白，回答问题。
11. Which class does Tara like best?
A. Art history.
B. Business English.
C. Computer science.
12. What does Tara first do after breakfast?
A. Meet her friends.
B. Review her lessons.
C. Check her e-mail.
13. Where does Alice come from?
A. Sydney.
B. Moscow.
C. Toronto.
14. When does Tara get home from work every day?
A. At 4:30 p.m.
B. At 11:00 p.m.
C. At 11:30 p.m.
15. How is Tara’s life?
A. Easy.
B. Busy.
C. Dull.
（二）笔试部分（共45分）
二、完形填空（本题有15小题，每小题1分，共计15分）
阅读下面短文，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
As a new teacher at Doull Primary School in Denver, Kyle Schwartz thought of a simple way to get to know her third graders, most of whom came from 16 families. She asked them to complete the 17 “I wish my teacher knew…” and share something about themselves.
Their 18 answers gave the teacher a chance to understand her students’ difficulties. “I wish my teacher knew I have no pencils to do my homework,” 19 one child. “I wi sh my teacher knew sometimes my reading homework is not signed （签名）, because my mom is not 20 a lot,” wrote another. Some shared hope for the 21 . “ I wish my teacher knew that I want to go to college.”
“Some notes are really heartbreaking,” Schwartz tells ABC News. “I care 22 about each of my students and I don’t want them to be poor forever.” She explains, “ I hoped to know 23 I could better support them. So I 24 to let them tell me what I needed to know. That was why I created the fill-in-the-blank exercise.”
25 the third graders were allowed to answer anonymously（匿名）, most wanted to include names. And some were even excited to read their notes out loud. 26 one shy girl who bravely said that she was lonely. “After she told the class, ‘I don’t have friends to 27 me,’ I was worried what they would do.” Schwartz tells Us Weekly. “However, I felt encouraged to see how much support the other kids offered 28 . They invited her to play at break and sit with them at lunch. You see, 29 have an unusual ability to express empathy（同情）.”
“The results have been 30 ,” says Schwartz. “It speaks to the importance of giving people a voice and really listening to them.”
16. A. traditional B. friendly C. poor D. small
17. A. postcard B. note C. letter D. diary
18. A. honest B. polite C. usual D. right
19. A. suggested B. copied C. repeated D. wrote
20. A. free B. careless C. famous D. angry
21. A. society B. course C. research D. future
22. A. secretly B. deeply C. nervously D. directly
23. A. where B. why C. how D. when
24. A. decided B. refused C. forgot D. learned
25. A. Unless B. Though C. Because D. Once
26. A. like B. from C. against D. except
27. A. look for B. talk about C. depend on D. play with
28. A. him B. you C. her D. me
29. A. children B. teachers C. parents D. reporters
30. A. boring B. surprising C. worrying D. relaxing 【答案】
16. C
17. B
18. A
19. D
20. A
21. D
22. B
23. C
24. A
25. B
26. A
27. D
28. C
29. A
30. B
【解析】
18. 考查形容词及语境的理解。A. honest诚实的；B. polite礼貌的；C. usual通常的；
D. right正确的。句意：他们诚实的答案给老师一个了解她的学生困难的机会。根据“It speaks to the i mportance of giving people a voice and really listening to them.”可知，学生说出了自己的心声。所以他们的答案都是诚实的。故选A。
19. 考查动词及语境的理解。A. suggested 建议；B. copied 复制； C. repeated 重复；
D. wrote写。句意：一个孩子写道：我希望我的老师知道我没有铅笔做作业。根据That was why I created the fill-in-the-blank exercise.或“I w ish my teacher knew sometimes my reading homework is not signed（签名）, because my mom is not 20 a lot,” wrote another.可知，这是让学生填的一张表。所以这是学生写的。故选D。
20. 考查形容词及语境的理解。A. free空闲的，自由的；B. careless粗心的；C. famous 出名的； D. angry生气的。句意：我希望我的老师知道有时我的阅读作业没有签名，是因为我的妈妈没有空。根据my reading homework is not signed（签名）可知，是因为妈妈没有空，而没有签名。故选A。
21. 考查名词及语境的理解。A. society社会；B. course课程； C. research研究；D. future未来。句意：一些学生分享了对未来的希望。根据“ I wish my teacher knew that I want to go to college.”上大学是未来的事情。故选D。
27. 考查动词短语及语境的理解。A. look for寻找； B. talk about 谈论；C. depend on 依靠；D. play with和某人玩。句意：我没有和我玩的朋友。根据one shy girl who bravely said that she was lonely.可知，感到孤独的人是没有什么朋友的。故选D。
28. 考查代词及语境的理解。A. him他；B. you你； C. her 她；D. me我。句意：可是，看到其他的孩子提供给她的帮助我感到很受鼓舞。根据They invited her to play at break and sit with them at lunch.可知，这里是提供给那个小女孩的帮助。故选C。
29. 考查名词及语境的理解。A. children孩子；B. teachers老师； C. parents父母；
D. reporters记者。句意：你看，孩子们有一个不寻常的能力来表达同情心。根据They invited her to play at break and sit with them at lunch.可知，这里是提供给那个小女孩的帮助的孩子们。故选A。
30. 考查形容词及语境的理解。A. boring令人烦恼的；B. surprising令人吃惊的；C. worrying 令人担心的；D. relaxing令人放松的。句意：结果是令人吃惊的。根据It speaks to the importance of giving people a voice and really listening to them.”可知，让学生说出自己的心声，结果令人吃惊的。故选B。
考点：学校教育类短文。
三、阅读理解（本题有15小题，每小题2分，共计30分）
阅读下面四篇材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A
Learn English in New Zealand
Learn English in New Zealand at Language Schools New Zealand (LSNZ). Our Christchurch and Queenstown schools in the South Island of NZ are the perfect places
to learn English.
What is your dream?
Do you dream of speaking English very well?
Do you dream of travel, making friends, a lifestyle using English?
LSNZ will help you to achieve your dream.
Language Schools New Zealand Christchurch and Queenstown are in the fascinating South Island of New Zealand. Both English schools are fully recognised（认证）by NZQA and are in beautiful NZ places. LSNZ offers many kinds of English courses including General English, Exam Preparation, Study & Ski and more. Our friendly hard-working staff have helped many students from all over the world achieve their dream of using English in their lives. We invite you too to become a member of the LSNZ family.
LSNZ English Courses.
Enroll（注册）now for a LSNZ English course –we promise your English will improve and offer 2 NZ schools with excellent teachers and small class sizes.
●General English
●IELTS
●Study & Ski
●Combo Course
Cambridge, Toeic & Pitmans Exam preparation courses are also offered at both schools.
31. According to the text, Christchurch and Queenstown school .
A. lie in the North Island
B. are members of LSNZ
C. own the perfect places to visit
D. teach only local students
32. The text tells us that LSNZ .
A. provides over four courses
B. practices large-class teaching
C. designs lots of exams
D. has many teachers from abroad
33. Those who want to will most probably be interested in this text.
A. look for jobs at LSNZ
B. build language schools
C. improve their English
D. learn about New Zealand
【答案】
31. B
32. A
33. C
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一则广告，介绍了新西兰的一个学习英语的语言学校，这个学校开设的功课，学校的特点等信息。
考点：广告类短文。
B
Sydney Fredette has a lot of things to deal with. Not only is she a high school student, but she has also set up her own organization, Beary Merry Christmas. She volunteers（自愿）to serve poor kids and families in Orange Country in California, US.
To remember her best friend who died of cancer nearly 10 years ago, Fredette decided to serve those in Orange Country who are le ss lucky than she is.
She began with the simple idea of collecting donated(捐赠的)Build-A-Bears,the popular toy animal that is made by children themselves in the stores’ workshops. Fredette then gave them as gifts to the homeless children in California during the holiday season.
With donations at more than 100 bears a year, Fredette and volunteers host activities every year, where volunteers not only give out the bears, but also clothing, meals, and other things.
Not wanting to limit（限制）the giving to just the holiday months, Fredette now hosts other activities for Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day and Halloween, providing the chance for her volunteer team to make a difference through the year.
“I love making relationships with the people I serve,” Fredette said. “The thanks they have, hearing their stories and seeing how happy th ey are, it’s so cool.”
Future plans for Fredette include building a public food bank and providing a self-development class for students in her school who will soon attend college.
Heading to college herself in the fall, Fredette is looking to stay local and continue to help out in her hometown. In fact, she was regarded as a “Dreamer & Doer” not lon g ago for her work in improving her community, along with 32 other high school students.
34. Fredette started her own organization to .
A. keep her life busy
B. help poor people
C. look after the sick
D. thank her best friend
35. What can we learn about Beary Merry Christmas?
A. It holds one activity a year.
B. It offers service around America.
C. It buys bears from the stores.
D. It gives out other things besides bears.
36. It can be inferred（推断）that Fredette .
A. likes telling people stories
B. dreams of being a teacher
C. is pleased with what she does
D. plans to leave California for college
37. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Giving back to society
B. Getting on well with others
C. Providing a food bank
D. Improving community colleges
【答案】
34. B
35. D
36. C
37. A
【解析】
考点：社会类短文。
C
More Chinese universities are opening their libraries to the public, allowing people to enjoy reading during normal time and the vacations.
But for some students, including Wang Ling, 21, in Sun Yat-sen University, this practice has caused headaches. “Members of the public come to ou r libraries more for sightseeing than reading,” said Wang.
“They sometimes even bring their kids along, and take photos as if it were a place of interest.”
Wang has found it hard to get a seat during busy times. Being short of space is a common problem for university libraries in China.
However, this is not the only reason why students dislike their libraries being open to members of the public. They fear that the quietness of the libraries will be inf luenced because of visitors’ rude behavior.
Chen Jie, 18, a student in Tongji University, is one who would be against opening to the public. “I have been to a public library before. People were chatting loudly or speaking on cell phone so you can hardly read,” Chen said. She notices teachers doing serious reading and feels their concentration（专注）has influenced her. “If too many strangers stay here, the whole library will be a noisy place and it’s difficult for us to study quietly,” she said.
Will there be alternative（可替代的）ways to share those libraries? Some experts consider that university libraries can prevent the public from entering certain areas. “We might keep magazines for academic research only for teachers and students,” said Zhu Lina, library director in Jinan University.
Working together with the comm unity library is another solution. “It’s possible that a member of the public can order a book in our library over the Internet,” Ge Jianxiong, the library director in Fudan University said. “We’ll send it to a public libraries close to their home.”
38. We can see from the passage that Wang Ling .
A. hates to study in the library
B. prefers sightseeing to reading
C. feels good to play with kids
D. is a university student aged 21
39. In Chen Jie’s opinion, visitors to universi ty libraries may .
A. take up too much space
B. break the peace there
C. make teachers relaxed
D. get students to read more
40. The writer mentions two li braries directors’words to help explain how to .
A. manage libraries online
B. keep the public polite
C. share university libraries
D. do scientific research
41. Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A. A newspaper.
B. A library guide.
C. A story book.
D. A notice board.
【答案】
38. D
39. B
40. C
41. A
【解析】
40. 推理判断题。根据We might keep magazines for academic research only for teachers and students,We’ll send it to a public libraries close to their home.可知，这两位图书馆的主任愿意让图书馆的书共享。故选C。
41. 推理判断题。根据短文主要介绍大学的图书馆的问题，所以这种文章可能登在报纸上。故选A。
考点：社会类短文。
D
Have you ever seen a car without a driver? It sounds crazy, but these computer-driven driverless cars will soon be filling roads near you. Companies like Google and Tesla have been designing and testing these cars, and the technology is there.
So how? The cars have sensors（感应器）all around which can find other cars and objects in the road. Road signs are read by cameras, and satellite navigation systems（卫星导航系统）are used so the car knows how to get where you want to go. All you have to do is type in the address! Finally, a central computer system takes in all the information that it receives from the sensors and cameras and works out when to speed up, stop and turn.
Sound like your idea of heaven（天堂）? Sitting back, looking out of the windows and even watching a film or reading a book while ‘driving’ would be possible with this new technology. You wouldn’t have to worry about rem embering directions to where you’re going. In addition, computers would also drive more safely than people — they would obey the rules and have quicker action times when in dangerous situations.
However, there are many drawbacks of driverless cars. Computers would have difficulties making ethical（道德的）decisions: if a child ran into the road, would the computer choose to hit the child or turn suddenly and potentially kill the car’s passengers? Moreover, I personally find driving fun –I’d miss never driving a car myself. There would also be many other decisions to be made –should children, or drunk people, be allowed in a driverless car by themselves? Or would there need to be a person with a driving license in the car at all times?
I’m not certain I’d want a d riverless car –but it’s only a matter of time before they’ll become more affordable and popular on our roads.
42. When using a driverless car, you need only .
A. read the road signs carefully
B. check the cameras
C. put the address into the computer
D. remember the directions
43. The third paragraph mainly tells us about the of driverless cars.
A. instructions
B. standards
C. advantages
D. tests
44. The underlined word “potentially” in Paragraph 4 means ““.
A. possibly
B. successfull y
C. especially
D. naturally
45. What’s the writer’s opinion about future driverless cars?
A. They’ll cause more accidents.
B. They’ll be less expensive.
C. They’ll use less energy.
D. They’ll run much faster.【答案】
42. C
43. C
44. A
45. B
【解析】
考点：科普类短文。
试卷Ⅱ （非选择题共50分）
四、词汇运用（本题有15小题，每小题1分，共计15分）
A. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次（每空一词）
to paint I was forty.
47. The students were into four groups before doing experiments.
48. James looked tired, for he listened to three this morning.
49. I’ll lead you to your room. is the one next door.
50. There is no wind and the water is as as glass.
【答案】
46.until
47.divided
48. speeches
49. Ours
50. smooth
【解析】
试题分析：
46.句意：直到40岁我才学会画画。not...until直到......才。故答案为：until.
47.句意：在做实验之前学生被分为4组。句子的主语students与 divide之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故答案为：divided
48. 句意：James看起来很累，因为今天早晨他听了三次演讲。因为空格前有数词three，所以这里用可数名词的复数形式。故答案为：speeches
49. 句意：我将领着你去你的房间，我们的房间在你的隔壁。这里缺少的句子的主语，
ours=our room；our是形容词性物主代词，不能作主语，ours是名词性物主代词，可以作主语。故答案为：Ours。
50. 句意：没有风，水和玻璃一样的平稳。as+形容词的原级+as.故答案为：smooth
考点：选词填空。
B. 阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）。
Daniel Kristiansea is a 14-year-old schoolboy from Denmark. Recently, while doing his history homework about World War Ⅱ, he had a surprising discovery 51 （在……后面）his family’s home. He found the remains of a World War Ⅱplane and a 52 （飞行员）.
After telling his father about his history homework, Daniel was encouraged to go out onto their farm with a special machine to find 53 （金属）. He and his father hoped they might find some old plates or something he could 54 （给……看）to his classmates at school. Much to their surprise, on the 55 （第五）day, they found some broken plane pieces. When they 56 （挖）down seven meters, they suddenly came across pieces of 57 （灰色的）clothes. They reported what they found to the government, and soon the news was 58 （广泛地）heard across Danmark. Each day their house was 59 （拥挤的）with news reporters.
Daniel’s father, Klaus, remembered being told by his grandpa that a plane from
60 （德国）had hit their farm during World War Ⅱ. But Klaus thought it was just
a good story. Now it turns out to be true.
【答案】
51.behind
52.pilot
53.metal
54.show
55.fifth / 5th
56.dug
57.grey / gray
58.widely
59.crowded
60. Germany
【解析】
53.句意：在告诉了他的父亲关于历史作业后，Daniel 被鼓励带着一个特殊的机器去他们家
的农场目的是找到金属。金属是不可数名词，故用单数形式。故答案为：metal
考点：类短文。
五、语法填空（本题有10小题，每小题1分，共计10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Malala Yousafzai, 19, is a Pakistani youth activist. She is the 61 （young）person in the world ever to be named United Nations（U.N.）Messenger（信使）of Peace. The United Nations is 62 international organization, which is meant to encourage 63 （country）to work together on different opinions without the use of war. Yousafzai has 64 (glad) accepted the role of working for girls’education. Usually, a messenger 65 (stay) in the position（职位）for three years. “If 66 want to see your future bright, you have to start working now and not wait 67
anyone else,” she said at the accepta nce meeting in New York. In 2012, Yousafzai was nearly killed by the Taliban because she worked hard 68 (get) the same education for young girls in Pakistan. But later her condition improved. 69 a brave girl! Since then Yousafzai 70 (become) a symbol for peace and girls’ right to receive an education.
【答案】
61.youngest
62.an
63.countries
64.gladly
65.stays
66.you
67.for
68.to get
69.What
70. has become
【解析】
考点：语法填空。
六、任务型阅读（本题有5小题，每小题1分，共计5分）
阅读下面短文，从方框中所给的A―D四个选项中选择正确的答案，并将其序号填入71－74题，使短文意思连贯，然后回答75题。
Tuesday was like any other day for Morgan Bieley, 15. It was the fourth period, and she was the first student to arrive in the gym for her P.E. class. 71 .
“There was a sharp cracking noise and then a loud boom. After that, I didn’t remember anything,”said Morgan.
The roof（屋顶）of the gym had fallen down under the heavy snow. Morgan couldn’t get away. “I woke up and the re was a big piece of wood on my leg. 72 . I was starting to get cold.”
Luckily, help was nearby. A new program using “rescue（救援）robots” was tried for the first time.
“We were nervous about using the robot,”said Derric Sneed, the leader of the program. “But in the end the robot gave us exact information. 73 .”
The robot was able to go into the gym and find Morgan’s place. “Once we made sure where Morgan was and knew it was safe, our men went into rescue her,”says Sneed. “Her leg was broken and she was scared, but thankfully, she was alive.”
Doctors say that Morgan is doing well. 74 . “I want to meet my hero after I get out of the hospital,” laughs Morgan. “That little robot saved my life!”
75. Who does Morgan think her hero is?（回答不多于3个单词）
【答案】
71.D
72.B
73.A
74.C
75.The robot. / The little robot. / That robot. / That little robot.
【解析】
75.根据“I want to meet my hero after I g et out o f the hospital,” laughs Morgan. “That little robot saved my life!”可知，Morgan认为小英雄是这个机器人。故选The
robot. / The little robot. / That robot. / That little robot.
考点：任务型阅读。
七、书面表达（本题有一小题，共计20分）
76. 某英语教育网站正在开展主题为“How can a teenager have a successful life?”的讨论，为此你采访了一些同学（结果见下表）。请据上经用英语写一篇短文参与讨论，并阐述你的观点。
注意：（1）短文必须包括表中所有内容，可适当增加细节；
（2）你的观点至少两条；
（3）词数：80—100；
（4）短文首句仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：尊重respect
短文首句：I have recently done a survey about how a teenager can have a successful life.
【答案】
I have recently done a survey about how a teenager can have a successful life.
Most students believe it’s necessary to study hard. After all, study plays a key role in their life. They also agree they should respect their parents, who look after them every day. Besides, they’re ready to serve the society and in their opinion it’s really meaningful. What’s more, they think each teenager is supposed to make a good plan for future.
From my point of view, we need to make some good friends so that we can learn from each other. Also, we must be active and exercise more to keep healthy because it’s important to a successful life.
【解析】
写作亮点：短文用了一些短语和句式，如：do a survey about sth关于某事做调查；respect their parents,尊敬他们的父母；look after照顾；make a good plan for sth为某事做一个好的计划；make some good friends交一些好朋友；keep healthy保持健康。用了宾语从句，如：Most students believe it’s necessary to study hard. What’s more, they think each teenager is supposed to make a good plan for future.用了because引导的原因状语从句，如：Also, we must be active and exercise more to keep healthy because it’s important to a successful life.增加了文章的亮点，也是提分的经典句子。
考点：材料作文。
四、顶管施工的监理控制要点 （一）管节预制质量控制要点 1、管节生产准备工作 1）进场钢模验收：钢模的合格证、质保书、对钢模的几何尺寸进行检查。 2）对承包商的资质审查：企业资质、年检情况、计量、试验室资质、质保体系处于受控状态等。 3）对施工场地、钢筋制作车间、检漏设备、管节养护设施、试验室及试验设备、管节堆场、管节水平拼装检测平台、混凝土搅拌系统、等进行检查，确保其施工条件符合招标文件的要求。 4）检查混凝土配合比。 2、钢模制作及精度要求 钢模应具有足够的刚度、精度和耐久性，满足设计和施工的要求。钢模加工应满足《钢结构工程施工质量验收规范》（GB50205）的相应规定。 3、管节试生产 ⑴试生产的管节应进行几何尺寸检查。管节精度见《市政地下工程施工质量验收规范》（DG/TJ08-236-2006，J10819-2006） ⑵确认钢模符合设计要求后，可投入管节批量试生产。 4、管节生产 1）原材料控制：水泥、砂、石子、钢筋、粉煤灰、矿渣微粉、减水剂等均应有准用证、质保书，并符合管节预制对材料的相关要求，承包商必须对原材料进行复试，监理单位在此基础上抽验率不低于规定的承包商自检数的10％。 2）半成品（预埋件）控制：预埋件在进入现场后，应出具质保书，其尺寸、涂层符合设计要求，并进行相应的物理力学性能试验，监理抽检。 3）钢筋笼骨架成型的控制：规格、落料尺寸、成型、胎架、焊接工艺、焊材、焊缝、吊运、堆放、标识、防锈、防油污、防变形等。主筋、辅筋及骨架外形几何尺寸和钢筋间距及保护层在允许偏差范围内。 4）钢模合模检测：定位螺栓旋紧、端板和侧板之间的密贴、定位销卡入到位，严禁敲打、硬橇钢模的内侧面、内弧面、活络模芯和芯棒，对钢模的宽度进行检测、误差值应
宁夏2017年中考英语真题试题 第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共60分） 一、听力测试（本大题满分25分，每小题1分） 第一节 情景反应下面你将听到6个句子, 每句后有三个应答语, 请从每小题A,B,C三个应答语中选出一个最佳选项。听完每个句子后，你有10秒钟的时间来作答和阅读下一小题。每个句子读两遍 ( ) 1. A. Yes, I like it. B. I like music that has great lyrics. C. I like musicians who can write their own words. ( ) 2. A.That sounds great fun. B. That’s all right. C. OK, you are right. ( ) 3. A. I don’t like it. B. It’s very nice. Thanks. C. How much is it? ( ) 4. A. Yes, I have.. B. By listening to tapes.. C . No, I didn,t. ( ) 5. A.I think so. B. Yes, I do. C. No, I’m not ( ) 6. A.Yes, I did. B. Yes, I took a bus. C. I went to school on foot. 第二节 听下面的5段短对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话只读一遍 ( ) 7. How does Mary’s brother study for a test? A. By working with friends. B. By listening to tapes. C. By reading the textbook. ( ) 8. What is Tom like now? A. He is very tall. B. He is very heavy. C. He is very strong. ( ) 9. Does Tina’s school allow students to get their ears pierced? A. Yes, it does. B. No, it doesn’t. C. We don’t know. ( ) 10. Where are they talking?
2017年中考英语作文热点话题范文22篇 中考英语中作文是让大多数学生最头疼的事情。就中考英语作文来说，考生要有一 定的词汇量的积累，扎实学好语法知识，同时掌握一些的写作技巧，平时多做写作训练，最后能够流畅、清晰的表达出自己的意思。 学术文化篇 1. 沉迷网络游戏 题目：李华沉迷于电脑游戏中，影响了学习。作为他的好朋友，你打算怎么帮他 呢？请用下面所给的提示词写一篇不少于80字的短文。字迹工整，语言流畅。 提示词：give up concen trate on be (become)i nterested in ★范文 Li Hua spe nt too much time play ing computer games and he fell beh ind others. As a good friend of his, I must do someth ing to help him. Firstly, I think it ' s very important for him to learn lessons well. He should spe nd most of his time on his study in stead of computer games. Secon dly, I must tell him that play ing computer games too much is bad for his health, especially for his eyes. So he must give it up. I can play more sports with him after school. Maybe he will become more in terested in sports tha n computer games. And the n ni ask him to concen trate more on his study. Of course, I will try my best to help him with all his subjects. I think I can do it in many fun ways and let him find much fun in studying. At the same time, I'll ask both his pare nts and our teachers to help him, too. If I try these, I'm sure he will make great progress soon. 2. 怎样学好英语 世界在发展，文化在交融，英语已经成为人们沟通的桥梁。怎样学好英语是我们一直在探索的问题。几年的学习经历你一定积累了许多成功的经验，请从听、说、 读、写四方面谈谈你的建议。 要求：1.词数：80 —100词(开头已给出，不计入总词数) 2.字迹工整，语言流畅，表达正确，逻辑清晰 ★范文 How to lear n En glish well
2017年广东省初中生毕业考试 英语 一、听力理解（本大题为A、B、C、D四部分，共25小题，每题1分，共25分） A. 听单句话（本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 根据所听句子的内容和所提问题，选择符合题意的图画回答问题，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑，每小题听一遍。 1. What time did jenny have breakfast this morning? A B C 2. How tall is Amy? A B C 3. Where is Jane going to meet her friend? A B C 4. Which is Mark’s favorite su bject？ A B C 5. What is Sarah doing? A B C
B. 听对话（本题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 根据所听内容，回答每段对话后面的问题，在每小题所给出的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。每段对话听两遍。 听第一段对话，回答第6小题。 6. What’s the problem with George’s homework? A. Spelling mistakes. B. Grammar mistakes. C. Awful handwriting. 听第二段对话，回答第7小题。 7. What is the boy going to do tomorrow afternoon? A. Play basketball B. play football. C. Play volleyball. 听第三段对话，回答第8小题。 8. How much is one tea set with eight cups? A. 40 yuan. B. 160 yuan. C. 200 yuan. 听第四段对话，回答第9小题。 9. How does the woman like the city? A. She is not used to the weather there. B. She thinks the traffic there is very good. C. She likes the shopping environment there. 听第五段对话，回答第10小题。 10. Why is the girl going to the bookstore tomorrow? A. She wants to spend time there reading. B. Some of the books there will be cheaper. C. Her father will be free and drive her there. 听第六段对话，回答第11-12小题。 11. Where does the conversation take place? A. At a dining hall B. At a restaurant. C. At a noodle factory 12. What place does the woman prefer? A. A table by the window. B. A table in the smoking area. C. A table near the non-smoking area. 听第七段对话，回答第13-15小题。 13. How did the man book the room? A. On the phone B. On the Internet C. From a tourist office. 14. For how many nights is the man going to stay? A. One night B. Three nights. C. Four nights. 15. What does the man ask for? A. His ID card. B. Another 150 yuan. C. A room facing the sea. C. 听独白（本题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 请根据所听内容，在每小题所给的三个选项中，选出一个能完成句子的最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑，独白听两遍。 16. ____________ was the first to arrive at the camp. A. Tony B. David C. the leader 17. The weather was ______________ on that day. A. cool B. warm C. hot 18. The campers went to the beach _____________. A. in the morning B. in the afternoon C.in the evening 19. The skill Tony liked most was how to _____________. A. get away from snakes B. deal with wild dogs C. tell the time 20. Tony didn’t take the drumming lesson because _______________. A. he was sleepy B. he didn’t C. he had to make his bed D. 听填信息（本小题有5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 你将听到的是一篇关于将熊猫运送到荷兰（the Netherlands）的短文。请根据所听内容填写下面的
2017中考英语作文：11个热点话题，20篇优秀范文 明天起，中考将陆续开始。为帮助大家更好的应对考试，今天，小简老师为大家分享11个热点话题，20篇优秀英语范文。这些话题无非都是和 初中生学习、生活息息相关的话题，因此，同学们写作这些话题时不会无话可说。难点在于句型和篇章结构。通过对下面20篇经典范文进行研读 背诵，相信大家在中考英语写作中得满分并非不可能! 一. 学术文化篇 1. 沉迷网络游戏 李华沉迷于电脑游戏中，影响了学习。作为他的好朋友，你打算怎么帮他呢?请用下面所给的提示词写一篇不少于80字的短文。字迹工整，语言流畅。 提示词：give up concentrate on be (become)interested in ★范文 Li Hua spent too much time playing computer games and he fell behind others. As a good friend of his, I must do something to help him. Firstly, I think it's very important for him to learn lessons well. He should spend most of his time on his study instead of computer games. Secondly, I must tell him that playing computer games too much is
bad for his health, especially for his eyes. So he must give it up. I can play more sports in interested more become will he Maybe school. after him with sports than computer games. And then I'll ask him to concentrate more on his study. Of course, I will try my best to help him with all his subjects. I think I can do it in many fun ways and let him find much fun in studying. At the same time, I'll ask both his parents and our teachers to help him, too. If I try these, I'm sure he will make great progress soon. 2. 怎样学好英语 世界在发展，文化在交融，英语已经成为人们沟通的桥梁。怎样学好英语是我们一直在探索的问题。几年的学习经历你一定积累了许多成功的经验，请从听、说、读、写四方面谈谈你的建议。 要求：1. 词数：80—100词(开头已给出，不计入总词数) 2. 字迹工整，语言流畅，表达正确，逻辑清晰。 ★范文 How to learn English well
2017年谷城县中考适应性考试 英语试题 （本试卷共8页，满分120分，考试时间120分钟） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考试号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将考试号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。 2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。 3．非选择题（主观题）用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔直接答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。 选择题（共70分） 一、听力测试（本大题满分25分，每小题1分） 做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。录音内容结束后再将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 下面你将听到8段短对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话只读一遍。CACCABBA 1. Which city is the girl’s fa vourite? A. London. B. Paris. C. New York. 2. What’s the weather like now? A. Rainy. B. Cloudy. C. Sunny. 3. What’s the date the day after tomorrow? A. June 1st. B. June 2nd. C. June 3rd. 4. How often does Lisa surf the internet now? A. Every day. B. Twice a week. C. Once a week. 5. Who wrote the interesting e-mail? A. Kate. B. Mike. C. Judy. 6. Where might the speakers be? A. In a bank. B. On a road. C. At a crossing. 7. What does the man mean? A. He’d like to go to the beach by car. 英语试题第1页（共8页）
顶管常见施工质量通病的防治措施 对顶管常见施工质量通病的防治措施 质量通病原因分析预防措施及处理方法 顶管方向失控 1）工作井出洞无土体加固措施。 2）掘进机长径比不合理。 3）掘进机纠偏液压系统遇故障。 4）掘进机纠偏行程小，纠偏力不够。 5）测量数据有误。 6）工作井发生位移和倾斜。 7）纠偏不及时，纠偏幅度过大。 8）没有给机头轨迹曲线。 9）遇到土质变化，开挖面失稳 1）采取可靠的出洞口地基加固措施。 2）机头设计要经充分论证。 3）施工前，掘进机进行维修、保养、调试和验收，施工。 过程加强检查，遇故障立即停止顶进修理。 4）实行三级测量复核制度。 5）定时对工作井的位移进行复测。 6）采取勤测、微纠原则。 7）施工现场给机头姿态曲线图，以曲线图指导纠偏。 8）遇到突发情况，逐级汇报，确定偏差报警值，杜绝方向失控。 顶力剧增 1）触变泥浆选材质量不好。 2）触变泥浆材料配方不合理。 3）现场搅拌不充分，水化时间短。 4）注浆孔布置不合理。 5）注浆泵耐压低 6）管路布置不适应超长距顶管要求。 7）注浆量没有控制好。 8）注浆压力不合理。 9）管路接头渗漏。 10）没有形成完整泥浆套，只有偏心浆套。管外壁带土顶进。 1）选材应进行测试和论证。 2）配方应进行筛分和优化。 3）搅拌和水化时间大于6h 4）科学合理地按设计的管路进行布置。 5）采用液压注浆泵，并维修好，确保耐压大于2bpa以上。 6）按超长距离顶管要求，设中间注浆泵站2～3座。 7）注浆量和注浆压力按设计要求控制。 8）所有压浆接头用生料带包扎，确保无渗漏现象。 9）压浆工艺由当班班长负责，确保整条管道形成完整泥浆套。 地表沉降大 1）顶进速度太快。 2）开挖面土压力大 3）开挖面不稳定。
2017年北京市高级中等学校招生考试 英语试题 听力理解(共30分) (2017·北京)一、听对话，从下面各小题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。每段对话你将听两遍。(共5分，每小题1分) (2017·北京)二、听对话或独白，根据对话或独白的内容，从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。(共15分，每小题1.5分)
请听第一段对话，完成第6至第7小题。 6. What does the woman want to drink? A. Tea B. Milk C. Juice 7. How much does the woman pay? A. $7 B. $ 8 C. $ 9 请听一段对话，完成第8至第9小题。 8. Where are the speakers going to have a picnic? A. In the park. B. On the hill. C. At the seaside. 9. Who will join the speakers for the picnic? A. The boy’s dad. B. The boy’s grandpa. C. The boy’s grandma. 请听一段对话，完成第10至第11小题。 10. How did the boy go to the wild animal park? A. By train. B. By car. C. By bus. 11. What did the boy do in the wild animal park? A. He drew a picture. B. He fed an elephant. C. He saw a bird show. 请听一段对话，完成第12至第13小题。 12. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. Different reading skills. B. Some benefits of reading. C. The man’s reading habits. 13. What does the man think of reading? A. He believes it is enjoyable. B. He finds it a little difficult. C. He thinks it takes too much time. 请听一段对话，完成第14至第15小题。 14. What can we know about the speaker? A. She lives near her school. B. She likes traveling abroad. C. She wants to improve her English. 15. Why does the speaker send this message? A. To describe her trip in London. B. To tell the way to her house. C. To introduce her hometown. (2017·北京)三、听对话，记录关键信息。本段对话你将听两遍。（共10分，每小题2分）请根据所听到的对话内容和提示词语，将所缺的关键信息天天写在答题卡上的相应位置上。 知识运用（共25分） 四、单项填空（共10分，每小题1分）
中考英语中作文是让大多数学生最头疼的事情。就中考英语作文来说，考生要有一定的词汇量的积累，扎实学好语法知识，同时掌握一些的写作技巧，平时多做写作训练，最后能够流畅、清晰的表达出自己的意思。 学术文化篇 1.沉迷网络游戏 题目：华沉迷于电脑游戏中，影响了学习。作为他的好朋友，你打算怎么帮他呢?请用下面所给的提示词写一篇不少于80字的短文。字迹工整，语言流畅。 提示词：give up concentrate on be (become)interested in ★文 Li Hua spent too much time playing computer games and he fell behind others. As a good friend of his, I must do something to help him. Firstly, I think it’s very important for him to learn lessons well. He should spend most of his time on his study instead of computer games. Secondly, I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad for his health, especially for his eyes. So he must give it up. I can play more sports with him after school. Maybe he will become more interested in sports than computer games. And then I'll ask him to concentrate more on his study. Of course, I will try my best to help him with all his subjects. I think I can do it in many fun ways and let him find much fun in studying. At the same time, I'll ask both his parents and our teachers to help him, too. If I try these, I'm sure he will make great progress soon. 2.怎样学好英语 世界在发展，文化在交融，英语已经成为人们沟通的桥梁。怎样学好英语是我们一直在探索的问题。几年的学习经历你一定积累了许多成功的经验，请从听、说、读、写四方面谈谈你的建议。 要求：1. 词数：80—100词(开头已给出，不计入总词数) 2. 字迹工整，语言流畅，表达正确，逻辑清晰 ★文 How to learn English well
2017年烟台市初中学业水平考试 英语试题 一、听力洲试(20分) (一)听录音,从A,B,C三个选项中选择与函面一致的选项。录音内容读一遍。 1. ABC 2.ABC 3. ABC 4.ABC 5.ABC (二)听录音,选择适当的答语。录音内容读两遍。 6.A. A week ago. B. Once a week. C. In a week. 7.A.Good luck! B. What a pity! C. Congratulations! 8. A. It's Wang Lin’s. B. She is Miss Green. C. It's under the desk. 9. A. Yes. I do. B. Sorry, I wont. C. No,I haven’t. 10.A.A cup of coffee,please. B. A bowl of noodles,please. C.Two slices of breed. please (三)对话理解 你将听到两段对话，在每段对话后有几个小题。请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话读两遍。 听下面一段对话.回答11和12小题。 11. What sport does Frank like better? A. Baseball B. Badminton. C. Soccer 12. What club will Gina join? A. The swimming club. B. The dance club. C. The chess club. 听下西一段对话.回菩13至15小题。 13. Where is the science museum? A. At the end of New Star Road. B. Nest to the post office. C. Near the bus station. 14.How far is it to the science museum? A. About five kilometer B.About nine kilometers. C About three kilometers. 15. How will the girl go to the science museum? A. On foot. B. By bus. C. By taxi. (四)听短文，很据短文内容完成下列表格(每空不超过两个单词)。短文读两遍。
序号 顶管施质量控制 一、顶管工程流程图 测量定向 ▼ 二、沉井顶管施工质量控制要点 ZZ 测量定向 控制 项目 控制内容 准备 工作 (8) 学习有关图纸和技术资料。 学习操作规程和质量标准。 对现场地形、地貌、气象资料的熟悉。 对工程地质、水文地质资料、气象资料的熟悉。 对施工工方案的检查。 对放线与测量的查验。 技术培训与审查技术交底。 对工程材料复试的审查及对混凝土配合比的审查。
1、沉井的制作 (1) 垫土的表面必须保证不一水平面，需进行测量找平, 其误差控制在士 100mr 以内。 (2) 沉井制作允许偏差，平面尺寸，长度士 0.5%，且不得 大于100mm 两对角线差、对角线长的1%井壁厚度士 15mm 2、沉井的下沉 (1) 对沉井下沉准备的控制。 ?井筒的砼强度达到不低于设计强度 75%可拆除刃脚模板 及垫木。 ?挖土时，随时观测沉井井筒垂线的垂直度， 对倾斜纠正的 控制。 ②对沉井的位置、标高及时测量记录的控制。 ③井筒垂线斜度和下沉量观测的控制。 ⑷沉井下沉完毕后的允许偏差。 刃脚平均高程与设计高程的偏差V 100mm 刃脚平面轴线位置偏差，下沉总深度 Hv 100mn < 10mm 刃脚平面轴线位置偏差，下沉总深度 H> 10m< 1/100H (mm 沉井四角中任何两角刃脚底面高差，两差距离 B V 10mn ^ 10mm 施工 ②放线定位的控制。 质量 ③机械设备、工具是否满足要求。 控制 (2)沉井下沉的观测控制 要点
(3)沉井封底 ①沉井沉到设计标高，经观测8h累计下沉量不大于10mm 时，即可施工封底。 ②封底前准备工作的检查。 ③干封底垫层和底板应留出集水井的位置，待强度达到要求 时封底。 1、施工测量用经纬仪对顶进方向左右偏差控制及用水准仪 对管内水准测量高程的控制。 2、顶进中纠偏/纠扭地面沉降的控制。 (1)预防纠扭的措施：管内设备布置重量要对称，主油缸 安装要稳，并且要与管轴线平行。 (2)减少地面沉降措施。 施工 ?根据土质合理选择工具管。 质量 ②加强管理，严格遵守操作规程。 控制 ◎不允许大角度纠偏。 要点 @触变泥浆套不宜太厚，如有必要顶管后期应用迟凝泥浆置换触变泥 浆。 (3)中继间千斤顶的数量应根据该段单元长度的计算顶力确定，并应 有安全贮备。 (4)拆除中继间时，应具有对接接头的措施，中继间外壳不拆除时， 应在安装前进行防腐处理。 质量(1)顶管施工质量的重要检验指标是管轴线偏差符合
2017年全国中考英语作文范文 90 篇 001(江西省) 假设你是Emma，你的笔友Josh 给你写了一封电子邮件，向你倾诉他在家里的一些烦恼。请根据来信和提示，给Josh 回一封电子邮件。先说说你的看法，再给出建议，并适当发挥。 提示：1.内容要点：（1）看法：在父母看来，我们仍是孩子；父母这样做是为了保护我们。 （2）建议：给父母写信谈谈你的想法；主动帮你父母做些力所能及的事情。 2.回信应包括以上所有提示的信息，做到行文连贯，不要逐字翻译。 3.词数：不少于80。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Josh, Thanks for your e-mail. I have ever had the same experience. I even had a fight with my parents. But now, I understand them. I hope this helps! Emma 参考范文： Dear Josh, Thanks for your e-mail. I have ever had the same experience. I even had a fight with my parents. But now, I understand them. We are growing up, but often, it's hard for our parents to see this. To them, we are still children and they want to protect us. Sometimes, it's hard for you to talk to your parents. Here's an idea: Write your mother and father a letter. In the letter, tell your parents what you are thinking about. Then maybe they will understand you better. After your parents read the letter, try to talk to them. In your free time, you'd better do something you can to help your parents. For example, you can help your parents with some housework. What's more, you can describe your friends to your parents and tell them more about you and your life. I hope this helps! Emma 002（北京市） 假设你叫刘京，是美国中学生托尼的笔友，你收到了他的来信。请给托尼写一封回信，回答他的问题，介绍北京良好的公交服务，并谈谈你的感受。 Hi! Liu Jing, My grandpa is going to Beijing next month because he ahs heard a lot about the city and he would like to see it himself. He says the bus service in Beijing is v1ery good now, and people can to anywhere by bus. Is he right? Can you tell me something more about it?
2017年广州市初中毕业生学业考试 英语 本试卷共四大题，12页，满分110分。考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、考点考场号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。 2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对直題目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。 3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答題卡各題目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、语法选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求.从1?15各题所给的ABCD项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 "I'm going shopping in the village," George's mother said to George on Saturday morning. "So be a good boy and don't get into trouble. And don't forget 1 good care of Grandma." Then out she went. Grandma 2 in the chair by the window when she opened one little eye and said, "Now you heard 3 your mother said, George." "Yes, Grandma," George said. George was bored to tears. He didn't have a brother or a sister. His father was a farmer, and 4 farm they lived on was miles away from anywhere, 5 there were never any children to play with. He was tired of staring at 6 pigs, hens, cows and sheep. He was especially tired of having to live in the house with his grandma. Looking after her all by himself was hardly 7 way to spend a Saturday morning. "Go and make me a cup of tea for a start, 8 sugar and milk," Grandma said. Most grandmothers are lovely, kind, helpful old ladies, but not this one. George's grandma was a woman 9 was always complaining about something or other. She spent all day 10 on her chair by the window. George 11 that Grandma used to be a gentle lady, but as she grew older, she was not able to look after herself and even worse, she was easy to get angry. "We 12 be nice to the old, George," His mother always told him. Thinking of this, George 13 into the kitchen and made Grandma a cup of tea with a teabag. He
质量控制点 ①工作井及接收井、检查井施工，根据地质情况及现场条件，采用合适的支护方式开挖，然后尽快做好底板及壁板混凝土，并进行顶管所需的后靠背混凝土以及土体的强度复核，确定混凝土以及钢板垫块的厚度。这是管节能否顺利顶进的关键。 ②顶管施工设备 顶管设备要根据土层、地下水等情况进行选择。演算所需顶力防止管道顶进时顶力不足。 ③管节顶进 （采用手工掘进顶管时应符合下列规定： Ⅰ、工具管接触或切入土层后，应自上而下分层开挖，工具管迎面的超挖量应根据土质条件确定； Ⅱ、在允许超挖的稳定土层中正常顶进时，管下部。范围内不得超挖；管顶以上超挖量不得大于1.5cm，管前超挖量应根据具体情况确定，并制定安全保护措施。 Ⅲ、在对顶施工中，当两管端接近时，可在两端中心先掏小洞通视调整偏差量。 采用触变泥浆减阻时，应编制施工方案，并应包括泥浆配合比、压浆数量及压力的确定；制备和输送泥浆的设备及其安装规定；注浆工艺、注浆系统及注浆孔的布置；顶进洞口封闭泥浆的措施；泥浆的置换；注浆孔的布置。在施工操作时，必须“先压浆后顶管，边压浆边顶进，停顶进勤补浆”的办法维持泥浆套的性能。） ④顶进线路的控制 为了使管道按照设计要求的高程和方向顶进，在顶进过程中应不断对工具管的高程方向 转动进行测量，“勤测勤纠”，根据测量反馈结果，调整纠偏千斤顶，使工具管改变方向，从而实现顶进方向的控制，确保管道按设计轴线顶进。纠偏贯穿顶进施工的全过程，尽量做到纠偏在偏位发生的萌芽阶段。 ⑤顶管注意事项 1）顶管最小覆土：一般要求管顶覆土大于2.5倍的管道外直径，其最小不得小于1.5倍的管道外直径。 2）注意防止地面的沉降或隆起：在顶管施工沿线按一定间距布设沉降观测点，监测顶管顶进施工期间的地面沉降量。开挖端面的取土过多或过少，会造成地面的沉降或隆起。为避免这种不良影响，可采取以下措施：在压浆时要控制好压力，恰好能平衡“泥浆套”以上土体的压力。严格控制管道接口的密封质量，防止渗漏。在某些管节埋藏较浅，离地面不足1.5米的位置，可采用沿管线局部压钢板，上堆砂包加载的形式，防止管节顶进时触变泥浆上浮使到泥浆套失效。 3）工具管纠偏后，刃脚后形成一个空隙，管道顶进时周围的土体会塌入空隙，造成地面沉降。为避免这种情况，在顶管顶进时，要及时测量，勤测勤纠，避免大角度纠偏。 顶管施工监理控制要点： （A、工作井、接收井监理要点： 图纸设计以上两种井全是采用沉井工艺施工，沉井施工时要做好以下监理工作： ⑴、沉井施工前的准备工作 要审查施工单位提交的沉井施工方案，包括施工材料检测、沉井定位、预制、入土下沉和封底砼等主要工序的工艺流程、排水、出土的安排、安全施工措施、施工机具、人员和施工工期安排等，监理工程师认为方案可行，准备充分后方可批准开工。 ⑵、沉井制作检查 Ⅰ、检查沉井定位情况 Ⅱ、对沉井结构钢筋、模板、砼的检查 Ⅲ、沉井刃脚下的支垫位置、砂垫层厚度除满足设计要求外，还要注意使刃脚受力均匀，抽垫方便 Ⅳ、抽除垫木应分区对称，同步依次进行，抽垫前沉井砼应达到设计要求。