翻译基本功:
一、填写冠词:
Chinese Turn Bullish On Booze And Caterpillar Fungus
For____generations,____Chinese men looking for____dose of vigor have sworn by____traditional remedy: fungus harvested from____dead caterpillars,known in some quarters these days as Himalayan Viagra.
Now____Chinese investors are using____rare fungus to try to boost something else--their investment returns. ____fungus has doubled in____price over____past two years and____top grade now fetches more than $11,500____pound,according to Fuzhou-based brokerage firm Industrial Securities.
With____Chinese stocks falling,____real-estate markets flat and____bank deposits offering measly returns, Chinese investors have been looking for help in____strange places.Besides____traditional medicinal products, they are plowing money into art-based stock markets,homegrown liquors,mahogany furniture and jade,among ____other decidedly non-Western asset classes.
'On a micro level,____speculation has appeared,'says Long Xingchao,____president of____information center of____China Association of____Traditional Chinese Medicine.____association says____prices of traditional medicines,including red ginseng and false starwort,have surged since2010,partly because of speculators.Mr. Long insists,however,that____price bubble isn't forming.'There's nothing to pop,'he says.
Newfangled exchanges are sprouting across China to take____advantage of____excitement.Nanjing Pharmaceutical Co.set up an exchange last year for trading____traditional medicines such as____deer antler.In November it extended hours so____investors could trade when they get home from work.'Expanding____hours gives investors more time to make____profit,'____exchange said on its website.
Exchanges have popped up that allow investors to buy and sell____shares of____individual works of art.In ____city of Tianjin last summer,____unnamed seller floated about30million shares of____painting called 'Eternal Lotus Wind,'at____initial price of1.61yuan apiece--about25cents.Within two days,investors had bid____shares up52%,valuing____painting at about$11.5million.Then____shares began sliding;they now trade at36%below____initial offering price.
Cui Ruzhuo,who painted'Eternal Lotus Wind'but didn't profit from____offering,says____art market still has legs.'We still haven't arrived at____high point,'he says.
Investors are taking to____drink,as well.Maotai--the most popular variant of____homegrown liquor called baijiu,and once____favorite of Chairman Mao--now sells for more than$300a bottle,double____price a year ago.
'In the past,baijiu was only for____consumption,'says Liu Xiaowei,____chairman of____auction house
Beijing Googut Auction Co.,which held____baijiu action last month.'But now it's also____collectors'item and for investment.'
二、填写介词:
____the December auction,a businessman from Jiangsu province dropped$8,300____two dozen bottles of liquor____uncertain vintage--their water-stained cardboard packaging suggested they were old--almost four times the starting price____the auction docket.'If I held these____a while,I could definitely make some money,'said the buyer,who didn't provide his full name.
China's banks are getting in on the action.Industrial&Commercial Bank of China Ltd.,China's biggest state-owned lender____assets,set up a fund____customers to invest in high-end pu'er tea,marketing it____ a low-risk investment.China Merchants Bank Co.is planning to allow some customers to trade diamonds through its website.
Auction house Googut helped three banks set up bank-run investment funds____customers to invest in baijiu and other liquors.Mr.Liu,Googut's chairman,said the funds are eyeing an annual return____about20%.
The problem____Chinese investors is that returns have evaporated from more traditional markets.Real estate was once China's favorite investment,but government efforts to contain price increases and keep housing affordable have led to price stagnation and even declines in some cities.China's major stock exchange in Shanghai is down almost20%since the beginning of2011.Bank deposit rates are lower than the pace of inflation,meaning savers effectively pay banks____the privilege____handling their money.
'There really are very few investment channels,'says Ren Jun,a30-year-old media entrepreneur____investments in contemporary art,antiques,gold and silver.'That's why I'm kind of forcing myself to be brave____trying new options.'
China's central government is less than intoxicated by the investment party.It said in November it would tighten oversight____Chinese asset exchanges,warning____'serious speculation and price manipulation'among some and adding that some'managers have run____with clients'funds.'
Some of the biggest boom-and-busts have taken place____art exchanges.
'Roaring Yellow River,'a traditional landscape painting by the late artist Bai Gengyan,was the first work listed last year by the Tianjin Cultural Artwork Exchange.Within two months____the offering,shares were trading ____nearly$3each,up from about15cents,valuing the painting____about$18million.The previous auction high for the artist's work was a bit more than$600,000.
About two months____the offering,the Tianjin city government suspended trading in'Roaring Yellow River'and another painting,and the exchange imposed limits on daily and monthly price changes.Shares of'Roaring Yellow River'now trade____about20cents,down more than90%____their peak.
Shanghai financial-software designer Jimmy Wang sunk about$790,000into shares of a pink diamond and a jade
pendant traded on the same exchange,putting____his house as collateral to finance the investment.He says he has lost as much as2.7million yuan.'So basically I've lost my house____the bank and I am struggling to pay the interest,'he says.
Such hard-luck stories haven't slowed the hunt____the next great investment.
Wang Jingbo,chief executive of wealth-management company Noah Holdings Ltd.in Shanghai,said late last year she was considering recommending to clients a fund that invests in high-end watches.Googut's Mr.Liu believes the next market to watch is white jade.
Mr.Ren,the media entrepreneur,says he is looking at diamonds.'While silver and gold may see fluctuations depending on international markets,'he contends,'the price of diamonds never drops.'
中国人投资之怪现状
一代又一代想壮阳的中国男人一直迷信一种传统中药,那就是冬虫夏草。这是一种寄生在死去的毛毛虫体内的真菌,今天在某些地方被称为“喜马拉雅伟哥”。
现在,中国的投资者正试图利用这种稀有真菌来提振他们的另外一样东西:投资回报。据福州经纪商兴业证券(Industrial Securities)的数据,虫草的价格在过去两年翻了一倍,顶级虫草的价格现在达到了每磅11,500美元(约合每公斤20万元)以上。
视频:冬虫夏草能助力中国经济?
在股市下跌、房地产市场停滞、银行存款回报微不足道的情况下,中国投资者寄希望于一些特别的投资品,有“喜马拉雅伟哥”之称的冬虫夏草便是其中之一。
在中国股市下跌、房地产市场停滞、银行存款回报微不足道的情况下,中国投资者一直在一些奇怪的领域寻找帮助。除了传统中药产品之外,他们还把资金投到了艺术品份额、国产烈酒、红木家具以及玉石等产品上,所有这些都与西方的资产类别格格不入。
中国中药协会(China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine)中药材信息中心主任龙兴超说,从微观层面看,投机已经显现。该协会说,自2010年以来,红参,太子参等中药的价格已经大幅上涨,部分原因就在于投机。但龙兴超坚持认为并未形成价格泡沫。他说,既然没有泡沫,也就不会破裂。
为利用这一热潮获利,中国各地涌现出各种花样迭出的交易所。南京医药股份有限公司(Nanjing Pharmaceutical Co.)去年设立了一个交易所交易鹿角等中药,2011年11月,交易所延长了交易时间,这样一来投资者下班回家后还能交易。该交易所在网站上说,延长交易时间让投资者“坐在家里也赚钱”。
允许投资者买卖单件艺术品份额的交易所也已经出现。去年夏季,天津一位未具名卖家发售画作《荷风千秋》的3,000万份额,首发价格是每份1.61元(约合25美分)。两天后,投资者就将其价格捧高52%,使画作的估值达到了约1,150万美元。之后,份额价格开始下跌,当前的价格比最初发行价低36%。《荷风千秋》的作者崔如琢并没有从份额发行中获利。他说,艺术品市场仍有支撑,现在还没有到达高点。
投资者还对白酒产生了兴趣。茅台酒现在每瓶价格在300美元以上,比一年前翻了一番。茅台是中国最受
欢迎的白酒,曾经为毛主席所锺爱。
北京歌德拍卖有限公司(Beijing Googut Auction Co.)上个月举行过一场白酒拍卖会。该公司董事长刘晓伟说,白酒在过去仅用于消费,但现在也被藏家收藏用于投资。
在去年12月份那场拍卖会上,一位来自江苏的商人花8,300美元买了24瓶年份不明的白酒(从布满水渍的纸箱包装来看,年代应该比较久),接近拍卖起价的四倍。这位没有透露全名的买家说,如果持有一段时间,肯定能赚一笔钱。
中国的银行也开始参与其中。中国资产规模最大的国有借贷机构──中国工商银行(Industrial&Commercial Bank of China Ltd.)建立了一个让客户投资高端普洱茶的投资基金,将其作为低风险投资推向市场。招商银行(China Merchants Bank Co.)正打算开始允许一些客户在其网站上进行钻石交易。
歌德拍卖有限公司已经帮助三家银行设立了由银行运营的投资基金,让客户能够投资白酒和其他酒类。歌德公司的刘晓伟说,基金期待有20%左右的年回报率。
中国投资者面对的问题是,来自更加传统市场的回报已经消失。房地产曾是中国人最青睐的投资项目,但是政府控制房价增长、让房价保持在可承受的范围的努力导致了房价的停滞不前,甚至在一些城市有所下降。中国在上海的主要股票交易所从2011年初开始下跌了约20%。银行存款利率赶不上通货膨胀的步伐,这意味着存款人事实上在付钱让银行使用他们的钱。
投资当代艺术、古董以及黄金和白银的30岁媒体企业家任军(音)说,投资的渠道真是太少了。他说,正因为如此,我在一定程度上强迫我自己大胆尝试新的投资选择。
中国中央政府对这场投资盛宴则没那么兴奋。中国政府曾在11月表示将加强对中国资产交易的监管,提出要警惕一些人严重的投机和价格操纵行为,还说一些经理已经携客户的资金逃跑。
一些最大的起落来自艺术品交易。由已故艺术家白庚延创作的传统山水画《黄河西来决昆仑咆哮万里触龙门》(简称《黄河咆哮》)是去年由天津市文化艺术品交易所(Tianjin Cultural Artwork Exchange)上市的第一幅作品。在上市两个月的时间里,该作品份额的交易价格从每股15美分上涨到了近3美元,总价值达到约1800万美元。这位艺术家的作品此前拍卖的最高价格略高于60万美元。
在上市两个月之后,天津市政府暂停了《黄河咆哮》和另一幅作品的份额交易,交易所为每天和每月的价格波动设立了限额。现在《黄河咆哮》的份额价格约为每股20美分,与最高值相比下降了90%。
上海金融软件设计者Jimmy Wang为在同一个交易所进行交易的一颗粉色钻石和一个玉挂件的份额投入约79万美元,并以自己的房屋担保为这笔投资融资。他说自己已经损失至多270万元人民币。他说,我基本上已经把房子输给银行了,我还在为偿还利息而挣扎。
类似的倒霉故事并没有让人们放慢寻找下一个大投资项目的脚步。
上海财富管理公司诺亚财富(Noah Holdings Ltd.)总裁汪静波在去年年底说,她在考虑向客户推荐一个投资高端手表的基金。歌德公司的刘晓伟则认为,下一个值得关注的市场是白玉市场。
媒体企业家任军说,他看好钻石。他认为,黄金和白银可能会跟着国际市场波动,但是钻石的价格从来不会降。
公司简介:康菲石油中国有限公司简介
康菲石油是由美国康纳和石油公司和菲利普斯石油公司于2002年合并而成立。合并后的新公司承袭了原来两家公司在能源行业共200多年的丰富经验和在石油领域的优越技术,使之成为当今世界杰出公司之一。康菲石油如今业务遍及近40个国家/地区,全球雇员约3万人。
康菲石油的核心业务包括石油勘探、生产、精炼、营销、供应和运输;天然气采集、加工和销售;化工及塑料产品的生产和分销。它以拥有深水勘探与生产技术、油藏管理和开发、三维地震技术、高等级石油焦炭改进技术和脱硫技术而闻名于世。
康菲石油中国有限公司是康菲石油公司下属的全资子公司,很荣幸能与总公司共写辉煌。目前康菲中国拥有约800名员工,与中外合作伙伴在勘探与生产和清洁能源这两个重要业务领域展开合作。目前,我们在北京、塘沽设有办事处。
康菲石油相信无论个人还是公司,都要积极投身社会才能成为好公民,秉承这样的信念,我们长久以来一直致力于回馈社会——运用我们的想象力和专业的技能、投入时间或提供经济支持。
无论是公司还是员工,康菲中国都在积极回馈公司作业所在的社区,包括发展教育、保护环境、确保员工安全和进行技术转让。康菲石油的表现得到了社会各界的肯定。
同时,康菲中国还是一个关爱员工的雇主。
When Conoco Inc.and Phillips Petroleum Company merged in2002,one of the world’s leading integrated energy companies was born.Bringing together more than200years of experience,including a rich history of discoveries and world firsts,ConocoPhillips now operates in nearly40countries and employs about30,000people across the globe.
ConocoPhillips’core business spans petroleum exploration,production,refining,marketing,supply and transportation;natural gas gathering,processing and marketing;chemicals and plastics production and distribution. Its technological expertise in deepwater exploration and production,reservoir management and exploitation,3-D seismic technology,high-grade petroleum coke upgrading and sulfur removal is internationally renowned.
ConocoPhillips China Inc.(COPC)is proud to be part of the ConocoPhillips success story.With around800 employees,we work in cooperation with Chinese and international partners in two exciting areas of business–Exploration and Production and Clean Energy.We currently have offices in Beijing and Tanggu.
ConocoPhillips'longstanding commitment to the communities in which it operates reflects our belief that no individual or corporation can be a good citizen without getting actively involved–exercising imagination, donating time and skills and providing financial support.
Both as a corporation and through individual employees,COPC is taking positive action in our community by improving education,protecting the environment,ensuring employee safety and conducting technology transfers.
It’s a commitment that has not gone unnoticed,securing our efforts and performance recognized by the general public.
COPC is also a caring employer.
康菲石油中国有限公司简介
康菲石油是一家全球著名的国际一体化能源公司,是全美第三大能源公司和最大的炼油公司。在全球非政府控股公司中,康菲拥有的已探明储量排名第七,是第四大精炼厂。
康菲石油总部设在美国得克萨斯州休斯敦,在30多个国家开展业务。截至2011年3月31日,其员工总数达到约29,600人,资产总计1,600亿美元,年收益达2,260亿美元。康菲石油在纽约证券交易所代码为“COP”。
康菲石油中国有限公司是康菲石油公司下属的全资子公司,目前员工约800名,与中外方合作从事石油和天然气的勘探与开采业务。目前在北京和塘沽设有办公室。
在中国渤海湾,康菲石油中国有限公司与中国海洋石油总公司(中海油)共同开发中国海上最大油田之一—位于中国渤海湾的11/05区块的蓬莱19-3油田。在与中海油的合作中,康菲石油于1999年5月发现了蓬莱19-3海上油田。目前,康菲石油中国公司是该油田的作业者。2002年12月该项目一期投产。
蓬莱油田二期项目正在开发建设之中。所有的(6个)固定平台已经完工投产,一艘新的世界最大的浮式生产储油轮(FPSO)之一——“海洋石油117”FPSO(又称为“渤海蓬勃号”FPSO)于2009年5月投产。蓬莱油田的产量正不断攀升,预期在2011年达到产量高峰,日产原油预计达60,000桶。2010年日均原油净产量为56,000桶。
在南海,康菲石油中国有限公司在中国的第一个海上油田西江24-3于1994年投产。一年后第二个油田西江30-2投产。1997年,康菲石油中国有限公司开发了西江24-3的卫星油田(24-1)。
该油田的开发使用了水平延伸钻井技术,曾经创立了几项世界钻井纪录。这三个油田距香港约80英里。根据合同,康菲石油对24-3和24-1油田的所有权于2010年1月终止,对30-2油田的所有权于2010年11月终止。
2006年3月31日,康菲石油公司成功完成对柏林顿资源公司的并购。康菲石油中国有限公司进一步扩大了在中国的资产,其中包括获得在中国南海15/34区块的番禺4-2、5-1和11-6油田的所有权。中海油是番禺油田的作业者。该区块2010年日均原油产量为11,000桶。
康菲石油中国有限公司在中国发展业务的同时,更注重回馈公司作业所在的社区,包括支持教育,保护环境,重视员工及家属的安全,积极促进技术转让,并一直倾力通过多种大学项目支持教育、通过探索未来之路教育计划支持中国的环境保护事业等。康菲中国还持续资助北京打工子弟学校光爱学校来帮助贫困孩子获得基础教育,与天津泰达心血管病医院合作,为患有先天性心脏病的贫困地区患儿提供手术支持,并在八达岭长城西侧建立国际友谊林等。
康菲中国的这些努力获得了社会的认可。康菲中国于2003年获得美国国务院“优秀企业奖”提名;2004
年获得首届光明跨国企业十佳公益奖;2008年获得中国扶贫基金会“中国民生行动先锋”奖。
Company Background
ConocoPhillips is an integrated energy company with interests around the world.It is the third-largest integrated energy company in the United States based on market capitalization,as well as proved reserves and production of oil and natural gas and the largest refiner.Worldwide,of nongovernment-controlled companies,ConocoPhillips is the seventh-largest proved reserves holder and the fourth-largest refiner.
Headquartered in Houston,Texas,ConocoPhillips operates in more than30countries.The company has approximately29,600employees worldwide.The assets are$160billion and annualized revenues are$226billion as of March31,2011.ConocoPhillips stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol“COP.”
ConocoPhillips China Inc.(COPC)is a wholly-owned subsidiary of ConocoPhillips with about800employees undertaking oil and gas exploration and production operations in China through cooperation with Chinese and international partners.At present,COPC has offices in Beijing and Tanggu.
In Bohai Bay,ConocoPhillips is developing one of China's largest offshore oilfields,the Peng Lai19-3field in Block11/05.The PL19-3Oil Field was discovered in May1999,through a joint effort of CNOOC Ltd.and ConocoPhillips.ConocoPhillips is the operator.Production from the first phase development of the PL19-3Oil Field began in December2002.
Development of the Peng Lai Phase II project is ongo?ing.All(6)fixed platforms have been completed and are in operation and the new FPSO facility–Peng Bo FPSO(also named Hai Yang Shi You117)started operation in May2009.Peng Lai production continues to ramp up and is expected to average60,000BOPD net crude oil at plateau in2011.In2010,daily net crude oil production averaged approximately56,000BOPD.
In the South China Sea,COPC’s first offshore China field to go into production was Xijiang24-3in1994.A year later,the second Xijiang field(30-2)came on stream.In1997,COPC developed a satellite of the24-3field(24-1) using extended-reach drilling technology and setting several world drilling records in the process.The three oil fields are located about80miles from Hong Kong in the South China Sea.Under the terms of the contract,our ownership rights in the24-3and24-1Fields ended in January2010,and our rights in the30-2Field ended in November2010.
With the completion of the Burlington Resources acquisition on March31,2006,ConocoPhillips China expanded its portfolio to include ownership in Block15/34in the South China Sea.This block contains three oil fields, Panyu4-2,Panyu5-1and Panyu11-6,operated by CNOOC Ltd.,and the block produced11,000BOPD net crude oil in2010.
While developing business opportunities in China,ConocoPhillips attaches importance to supporting the communities in which it operates;these activities include education support,protecting the environment,the safety of employees and their families and the conduct of technology transfers.The Company has been making great efforts in supporting the education of young people through various university programs and in environmental protection through the Search for Solutions project.Philanthropic initiatives include funding the
Light&Love School in Beijing to support underprivileged children with basic education needs;Love and Hope Project in Tianjin area to provide financial support to children with congenital heart disease and sponsorship of the Badaling International Friendship Forest near the Badaling Great Wall.
ConocoPhillips’efforts and performance have been recognized by the general public.In2003,COPC was nominated for the U.S.Secretary of State’s Award for Corporate Excellence.In2004,COPC received the first Guang Ming Daily Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)Top10Company Award,In Oct.2008,ConocoPhillips China received the Vanguard for Chinese People’s Livelihood2008Award by the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation and China Fortune Magazine for its excellence in demonstrating social responsibility and contributions.
清洁能源
ConocoPhillips is one of the world’s leading providers of technology solutions for the vehicles of today and the energy systems of tomorrow.Backed by modern research facilities and a strong tradition of innovation,we develop technologies that help oil field developers,producers,refiners and manufacturers achieve their clean fuel objectives and upgrade bottom-of-the-barrel hydrocarbons whilst improving reliability and enhancing profitability.而求其次,最后一招,SCRAP…碳氢化合物碳氢化合物(石油及天然气)采收率
From providing support for seismic interpretation technologies to gasoline sulfur removal processes and valuable catalysts for enhanced fuel-cell operation,we’re preparing our upstream partners,refiners and consumers for a cleaner,more beneficial future.
?Delayed Coking
?Gasification
?Additional Technologies
A Leader in LNG
Another clear demonstration of our commitment to clean energy is the work we’re undertaking to supply liquefied natural gas(LNG)to China.ConocoPhillips is an international LNG innovator,involved in everything from natural gas production to liquefaction,shipping and regasification.The ConocoPhillips Optimized Cascade SM process has been successfully employed at the company’s Kenai,Alaska liquefaction plant for more than35years and this facility continues to serve as a global model for safe,efficient and environmentally friendly operations.
This technology has been licensed to LNG projects as far afield as Egypt,Australia,Trinidad and Tobago and Equatorial Guinea.But we won’t stop there.We’re currently pursuing the construction of additional liquefaction facilities in Nigeria,Qatar,Venezuela and Russia.远离家乡,离题太远,扯远了
ConocoPhillips currently co-owns two LNG tankers that operate between Alaska and Japan and has even designed a new class of state-of-the-art LNG super tanker.We maintain a50%interest in the general partnership managing Freeport LNG,a regasification terminal under construction in Texas,USA.And we’re hoping to secure two further terminals on the Gulf Coast and West Coast of America,currently advancing though the initial regulatory processes.In Europe,our targets include LNG import terminals in Teesside,UK and Eemshaven in the Netherlands.
In early2006the ConocoPhillips liquefaction facility in Darwin,Australia carried its first LNG cargo.The project
liquefies gas from the Bayu-Undan field in the Timor Sea for shipment to customers in Japan.
理念与策略
我们的理念
通过我们的业绩、我们的人员和我们对核心价值观的承诺,使康菲石油成为在华具有领先地位的国际能源公司。
我们的策略
发展中国业务:
?使资产的价值达到最大化;
?发现并拓展新的机会为中国提供能源,主要致力于天然气业务;
?充分利用康菲石油公司的全球实力和知识共享良机;
?培养高技能、高士气的员工队伍,以实现业务增长的目标
Vision and Strategies
Our Vision
To be recognized as the leading international energy company in China through our performance,our people and commitment to our core values.
Our Strategies
Grow the China Business Unit:
?Maximize the value of the Bohai Bay and Xijiang assets;
?Identify and pursue new opportunities to provide energy to China,primarily targeting the natural gas business;
?Leverage our global capabilities and knowledge sharing opportunities;
?Develop skilled and motivated people to realize this growth.
ConocoPhillips Company(NYSE:COP)is an American multinational energy corporation with its headquarters located in the Energy Corridor district of Houston,Texas in the United States.It is also one of the Fortune500 companies[3]and22nd on Forbes Global2000.[4][5]ConocoPhillips is the fifth largest private sector energy corporation in the world and is one of the six"supermajor"vertically integrated oil companies.It sells fuel under the Conoco,Phillips66and Union76brands in North America,and Jet in Europe.ConocoPhillips was created through the merger of Conoco Inc.and the Phillips Petroleum Company on August30,2002.[6]
ConocoPhillips employs approximately29,600people worldwide in nearly40countries.ConocoPhillips is the second-largest refiner in the United States,with crude oil processing capacity of approximately2.0MMBD;and the world’s fourth-largest nongovernment-controlled refiner,with crude oil processing capacity of nearly2.7 MMBD globally.
Conoco Inc.was an American oil company founded in1875as the Continental Oil and Transportation Company. Based in Ogden,Utah,the company was a coal,oil,kerosene,grease and candles distributor in the West.Marland Oil Company(founded by exploration pioneer E.W.Marland)later acquired the assets(subject to liabilities)of Continental Oil Company,for a consideration of2,317,266shares of stock.On June26,1929,Marland Oil
changed its name to Continental Oil Company and moved its headquarters to Ponca City,Oklahoma.The acquisition gave Conoco the red bar-and-triangle logo previously used by Marland.Conoco used the logo between 1930and1970,when the current red capsule logo was adopted.
Who We Are
ConocoPhillips uses its pioneering spirit to responsibly deliver energy to the world.This purpose transcends all of ConocoPhillips’operations.The company conducts its business to return maximum value to shareholders while utilizing a wealth of knowledge and resources from its employees and acting responsibly in all communities in which it operates.
ConocoPhillips is an international,integrated energy company.As of Dec.31,2010,it is the third-largest U.S. integrated energy company,based on market capitalization,as well as proved reserves and production of oil and natural gas,and the largest refiner in the United States.ConocoPhillips is the seventh-largest holder of proved reserves and the fourth-largest refiner worldwide,of nongovernment-controlled companies.
Headquartered in Houston,Texas,ConocoPhillips operates in more than30countries.
As of March31,2011,the company had approximately29,600employees worldwide and assets of$160billion. ConocoPhillips stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol COP.Market capitalization as of March31,2011,was approximately$113billion.
THE SPIRIT OF PERFORMANCE
ConocoPhillips is committed to setting the standard of excellence in everything we do.Our“Purpose and Values”are essential building blocks in the continued success of the company.Together,these ideas represent“The SPIRIT of Performance”and are an integral part of our search for greatness.
PURPOSE
Use our pioneering spirit to responsibly deliver energy to the world.
VALUES
We operate safely..................................................
We respect one another.............................................
We are ethical and trustworthy in all our relationships..................
We are accountable for all our actions................................
We anticipate change and respond with creative solutions..............
We encourage collaboration and build mutually beneficial relationships..
Corporate Overview
ConocoPhillips is an international,integrated energy company.As of Dec.31,2010,it is the third-largest U.S. integrated energy company,based on market capitalization,as well as proved reserves and production of oil and natural gas,and the largest refiner in the United States.ConocoPhillips is the seventh-largest holder of proved reserves and the fourth-largest refiner worldwide,of nongovernment-controlled companies.
Headquartered in Houston,Texas,ConocoPhillips operates in more than30countries.
At ConocoPhillips,we attribute the success of our business primarily to the dedication and capabilities of our employees around the world.Our SPIRIT values,coupled with the talent and drive of our employees and our team approach to work,provide ConocoPhillips with a distinct competitive advantage.
DIVERSITY AND ENGAGEMENT
ConocoPhillips has specific people plans that incorporate objectives regarding diversity and inclusion.
We are committed to running our business with a workforce that encompasses a wide variety of cultural experiences,backgrounds and thinking styles.Our environment of inclusion and engagement团结respects the contributions and differences of every individual.We know that solving complex problems and creating innovative solutions in our industry will require diverse perspectives and abilities in our employees.A diverse workforce is critical to our success.
LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT
Career-long training is part of the ConocoPhillips culture,with a new learning management system portal introduced in2010.
Our goal is to create a culture in which employees throughout ConocoPhillips are able to learn and apply new skills each year.We believe that learning not only occurs in the classroom but also through work experiences, relationships and feedback.We have a global learning management system to facilitate more efficient delivery of training and increased understanding of the variety of learning opportunities available.Our talent management teams actively consider employees’skills and development areas and work to provide assignments that leverage strengths and close gaps.We focus on supervisory and leadership development,providing these individuals with the capability for elevating and sustaining their organization,recognizing重视their key roles in building the pipeline of ConocoPhillips’future talent.Our performance management process also supports employee development through performance differentiation and aligned compensation.
RECRUITING
To ensure we attract a world-class workforce,we recruit from universities worldwide,advertise job openings on our website and more than500other employment sites,and utilize targeted searches to fill critical jobs.Our leveraged recruiting model has helped us broaden the talent pool from which we recruit,reduce the time it takes to fill open positions,and cut down on the use and cost of search agencies.
Health,Safety and Environment
Our goal throughout ConocoPhillips is to have zero injuries,illnesses and incidents in our workplaces,homes and communities.We consider Health,Safety and Environment(HSE)excellence throughout all of our worldwide operations essential to our success and the foundation of our SPIRIT values.To achieve HSE excellence做好这方面的工作,we provide outstanding leadership and secure the involvement and support of all employees.
OUR COMMITMENTS
ConocoPhillips is committed to protecting the health and safety of everyone who plays a part in our operations, lives in the communities in which we operate or uses our products.Wherever we operate,we conduct our business with respect and care for both the local and global environment and systematically manage risks to make possible sustainable business growth.We will not be satisfied until we succeed in eliminating all injuries,occupational illnesses,unsafe practices and environmental harm from our activities.
OUR APPROACH
To meet our commitment,ConocoPhillips:
?Demonstrates visible and active leadership that engages动员employees and service providers and manages HSE performance as a line responsibility业务责任with clear authorities and accountabilities.
?Ensures that all employees and contractors understand that working safely is an absolute requirement and that they are each responsible for both their own safety and the safety of those around them.
?Manages all projects,products and processes throughout their life cycles in a way that protects safety and health and minimizes impacts on the environment.
?Provides employees with the capabilities,knowledge and resources necessary
and motivation主动性to achieve HSE excellence.
?Provides relevant safety and health information to contractors and requires them
help ensure the safe,environmentally sound performance of their work.
?Measures,audits and publicly reports HSE performance标准实施情况and
stakeholder groups and communities where we operate.
?Works with both governments and stakeholders to develop regulations and
and health of people and stewardship of the environment.
?Maintains a secure work environment to protect our employees,our contractors and the company’s assets from risks of injury,property loss or damage resulting from hostile acts.恶意行为,敌意行为?Communicates our commitment to this policy to our subsidiaries,affiliates,contractors and governments worldwide and seeks their support.
HSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND EXCELLENCE PROCESS
The HSE Management System supports implementation of HSE policy and provides a consistent统一的,一致的framework and approach to managing HSE issues.A systems approach helps ensure that business activities are conducted in a safe,healthy and environmentally friendly manner in a way that prevents incidents,injuries, occupational illnesses,pollution and damage to assets.The HSE Excellence Process involves each group and staff reviewing its HSE performance,complying with its HSE Management System,evaluating its system effectiveness 是否有效and determining what enhancements are required有何不足之处有待改善之处.Plans detailing HSE goals and objectives are established制定annually by each business.
THE GOAL IS ZERO
We made significant progress throughout2010,finishing with a combined employee and contractor total recordable rate(TRR)of0.31,an improvement of23percent compared to2009and a fifth succesive year of improvement.
Our goal is to minimize our impact to the environment in the communities where we operate,and we continued our progress in this area with a reduction in the number of spills and process safety events安全事故in2010. While2010was our safest year on record,we will continue working to achieve our goal of zero injuries,illnesses or incidents.
Sustainable Development
OUR POSITION
Carbon capture and storage is a key area of focus for ConocoPhillips,and our sustainable development commitments工作重点.
For ConocoPhillips,Sustainable Development is about conducting our business to promote economic growth,a healthy environment and vibrant communities,now and into the future.We believe that this business approach理念,方法,态度,手段enables us to deliver long-term value and satisfaction to our shareholders and our stakeholders.
OUR COMMITMENTS
In2003,we published nine sustainable development commitments九个工作重点或任务目标,established baselines设定基准and began reporting on our progress in2007.
?Operate to the highest safety standards.
?Minimize the environmental impact of our operations.
?Increase the availability of ever-cleaner energy.提供更加清洁的能源
?Practice and uphold the highest ethical standards.遵守、践行最高道德标准
?Positively impact communities wherever we operate.改善。。。
?Constantly improve the energy and material efficiency of our operations.
?Invest in the well-being and development of our employees.
?Ensure the long-term financial viability of the company.长期盈利能力
?Be transparent and accountable by measuring and reporting both financial and nonfinancial performance.评估。。。,确保透明、问责经营
OUR APPROACH
To deliver on these commitments实现上述目标、兑现承诺,we prioritize issues制定工作重点,establish action plans with clear goals,and monitor and report on our performance.Our work spans economic,social and environmental issues,with particular focus on water,biodiversity,climate change and social performance社会责任履行情况.In addition,we are developing the following companywide competencies公司范围的能力建设to successfully promote sustainable development:
?Integration–Clearly and completely integrate economic,social and environmental considerations因素,考量into strategic planning,decision-making and operating processes.
?Stakeholder Engagement共同参与–Engage与。。。沟通our stakeholders to understand their diverse and evolving expectations诉求and incorporate that understanding into our strategies.
?Life-cycle Management–Manage the full life-cycle impacts of our operations,assets and products.?Knowledge Management–Share our successes and failures to learn from our experiences.
?Innovation–Create a culture that brings new,innovative thinking to the challenges of our evolving business environment.培育鼓励思想创新的企业文化,应对。。。
OUR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
In2008,we published two-year action plans for each of the nine commitments目标.Full details on our progress are available请参见。。。in our online Sustainable Development report at https://www.doczj.com/doc/8e13874386.html,,with highlights shown below.
Technology and Emerging Businesses
Emerging Businesses encompasses the development of new technologies and businesses outside the company’s normal scope of operations.The current focus areas include power generation;innovative use of new technologies, such as those relating to conventional and nonconventional hydrocarbon recovery油气采集,refining, alternative energy,biofuels and the environment;and key energy partnerships.
中国海洋石油总公司(简称“中国海油”、“总公司”或“集团”)是中央特大型国有企业,也是中国最大的海上油气生产商。公司成立于1982年,注册资本949亿元人民币,总部设在北京,现有员工6.58万人。
自成立以来,中国海油保持了良好的发展态势,由一家单纯从事油气开采的上游公司,发展成为主业突出、产业链完整的综合型能源集团,形成了上游(油气勘探、开发、生产及销售)、中下游(天然气及发电、化工、炼化、化肥)、专业技术服务(油田服务、海油工程、综合服务)、金融服务以及新能源等产业板块。近年来,通过成功实施改革重组、资本运营、海外并购、上下游一体化等重大举措,企业实现了跨越式发展,综合竞争实力不断增强。
2010年,公司全年完成油气产量6494万吨油当量,实现营业收入3548亿元人民币,利润总额977亿元人民币,年末总资产达到6172亿元人民币,公司综合实力、核心竞争力、社会影响力稳步提升,国际化发展取得新进展,节能减排工作成效显著,科技创新取得重大突破,实现了“十一五”的圆满收官。
中国海油正以科学发展观为指导,坚持“双赢、责任、诚信、创新、关爱”的企业理念,实施协调发展、人才兴企、科技领先和低成本战略,坚持特色发展道路,推动公司的高效高速发展,努力建设国际一流能源公司。
随着国民经济和社会的快速发展,资源与环境日益成为制约经济社会发展的两大重要影响因素。作为国有企业,中国海油在实现高效高速发展的同时,始终把节能降耗、减少污染物排放、保护环境作为企业不可推卸的重要社会责任。
近年来,中国海油加大了资源节约型、环境友好型企业建设力度,不断优化产业结构,推广清洁生产,节约能源资源,淘汰落后工艺技术和生产能力,从源头上控制环境污染,力争在经济发展、企业发展的同时促进人类与自然的和谐相处。
继2007年成为首家受邀加入应对全球气候变化的国际组织“3C”组织的中国企业之后,2008年,中国海油又成为联合国“全球契约组织”的成员,与国际社会共同应对环境变化。
为了抓实抓好节能减排工作,中国海油从影响节能减排正常开展的体制、机制等方面入手,通过不断完善节能减排组织管理体系、节能减排规章制度体系,建立健全节能减排统计、考核奖惩和监测等长效机制来促进节能减排工作持续、有效地开展。
公司提出了“零排放”的理念和标准,提出“凡新建项目都要以零排放的标准进行设计和施工”,召开污染物零排放及温室气体排放控制研讨会,明晰了零排放的含义、实施思路。
2007年,中国海油节能减排工作从源头抓起,重抓规章制度建设;2008年,中国海油则进一步将各项措施落到实处。公司完善了节能减排规章制度体系,制订实施了《中国海洋石油总公司节能减排专项资金管理暂行办法》,完成了对所属单位2007年节能减排目标完成情况的考核,组织召开总公司节能减排专题会议,制订了4项企业节能标准,对15家所属单位开展了节能减排监督监测。这些工作的开展,进一步推动了中国海油的节能减排工作,使节能减排工作取得了显著成效。
公司率先在中央企业中发布《气候应对政策》及近期行动方案,并完成公司系统内2005-2010年温室气体盘查工作,成为国内第一家按照国际标准完成温室气体排放盘查工作的大型中央企业。
2010年12月7日,中国海油内蒙古化德风电厂4.95万千瓦风电项目CDM交易获得联合国CDM执行委
员会的批复,并在联合国CDM执行委员会注册成功。化德风电厂与花旗银行签定了7年的减排量购买协议,预计化德风电厂一年能够卖出12万吨二氧化碳减排量,获得1200万元人民币的碳减排收益。
走低碳社会发展模式是人类应对气候变化的必然选择,在这一过程中,能源企业可持续发展的唯一途径是增加低碳能源供应并实现更低的碳排放目标。公司承诺:
调整产业结构,开发低碳能源
注重国际合作,满足法规要求
优化资源配置,践行节能减排
规范测量统计,倡导碳汇行动
加强意识培养,提高认知能力
Company Overview
China National Offshore Oil Corporation("CNOOC")is a large state-owned enterprise directly under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council of China,and the largest offshore oil and gas producer in China.The Company was founded in1982and headquartered in Beijing.
Since its foundation,CNOOC has maintained a good momentum of development,and has evolved from a pure upstream oil and gas exploration company into an integrated energy group with outstanding principle businesses and complete industry chain,the Company has formed six business segments,namely oil and gas exploration and development,professional and technical services,Oil refining,chemicals,fertilizers and sales,natural gas and power generation,financial services and new energy resources.During the"Eleventh Five-year Plan"period, while focusing on the"Eleventh Five-year Plan"objectives and highlighting the construction of an"offshore Daqing oilfield",the Company has firmly grasped the important strategic opportunities arising from China's economic and social development and responded effectively to the material adverse impact of the global financial crisis with the spirit of deepening reform and promoting development through innovation,and made outstanding achievements in capacity building in energy supply,construction of industry value chain,internationalization construction,modern enterprise system building and formation of soft power,thus the Company has entered into a new phase of development.
In2010,the Company realized sales revenue of RMB354.8billion and total profits of RMB97.7billion.Its total assets reached RMB617.2billion and net assets were RMB390.8billion.Oil and gas production of the year reached64.94million tons of oil equivalent and oil refining capability achieved33.50million tons.
As a significant initiative,CNOOC has taken on the social responsibility of energy conservation,emission reduction and environmental protection.To construct itself into an energy-efficient and environment-friendly enterprise,CNOOC has promoted cleaner production,energy resource-saving and has eliminated obsolete technologies and production facilities,thus controlling pollution at the root level.
After becoming the first Chinese enterprise to be invited to join3C(Combat Climate Change)in2007,CNOOC gained membership of the UN Global Compact in2008,readily meeting the environmental changes challenge and fulfilling social responsibilities along with the international community.
In order to strengthen the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction,CNOOC started with the systems and mechanisms influencing the normal implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction,and has promoted the sustainable and effective implementation of energy conservation and emission
reduction by continuously improving the organization management system and regulation system for energy conservation and emission reduction.In addition CNOOC continues to establish and improve long-term mechanisms including the statistics,assessment,reward,punishment and monitoring of energy conservation and emission reduction.
In2008,CNOOC put forward the concept of"Zero Emission"and assimilated it as a compulsory standard to be followed in the design and construction of all new projects.
In2009,CNOOC invested RMB799million to implement284projects for energy conservation and emission reduction.Throughout the year,the Company saved416,000tons of coal equivalent and reduced532.1tons of sulfur dioxide emissions and3.3tons of chemical oxygen demand emissions.
In2009,CNOOC Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Supervision Center initiated the monitoring of energy conservation and emission reduction and the audit of energy consumption.The activity covered18 subsidiaries,identified168issues,proposed133suggestions and promoted53effective measures.
During the year,CNOOC carried out a performance assessment on energy conservation and emission reduction of the previous year,and issued4regulations to set the corresponding company https://www.doczj.com/doc/8e13874386.html,OOC is one of the first to develop a management information system for energy conservation and emission reduction.
The Company took the lead in releasing"Climate Combat Policies"and a plan for recent actions among central enterprises,and completed inspections of greenhouse gas emissions in the system of the Company during 2005-2010,becoming the first domestic large-scale central enterprise accomplishing the inspections of greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with international standards.
On7December2010,the CDM trading of the49,500kW wind energy project of CNOOC Inner Mongolia Huade Wind Energy Plant was approved by and was registered in the UN CDM Executive Board.Huade Wind Energy Plant has signed a7-year emission reduction purchase agreement with Citibank.It is expected that Huade Wind Energy Plant could sell120,000tonnes of carbon dioxide emission reduction in a year,obtaining gains from carbon emission reduction of RMB12million.
作为负责任的企业公民,中国海油长期以来为扶贫、援藏、助学、救灾等公益事业贡献自己的力量,积极回馈社会,追求企业与社会的和谐、共赢。
中国海油成立了以公司高层为领导的中国海油慈善公益事业委员会,并制定了《中国海洋石油总公司扶贫援藏及慈善公益事业委员会工作章程》,设置了社会公益专项基金,制定了《中国海洋石油总公司社会公益基金管理办法》。委员会负责社会公益基金的规划、审查、管理及监督执行工作。委员会下设办公室,负责日常工作。
中国海油每年召开扶贫援藏及公益慈善工作会议,总结以往工作的成就和经验,规划部署未来工作。总公司领导每年带队深入贫困地区调研考察,深入了解受援助地区人民群众的生产生活和脱贫致富情况,指导和促进总公司扶贫援藏工作的开展。
近年来,随着中国海油的高效高速发展,企业的社会责任意识也进一步增强。在国务院国资委下发的《中
央企业履行社会责任的指导意见》的指导下,中国海油以企业与社会和谐发展为目标,积极回馈社会,以实际行动诠释了中央企业社会责任的深刻内涵。
中国海油积极援助欠发达地区发展经济,对贫困地区进行定点扶贫,投入基础设施建设,扶助农业科技及教育事业发展。
2010年,公司圆满完成了全年各项扶贫援藏及公益事业任务,顺利完成援藏干部轮换,援川项目一期建设顺利完成推进,继续扶持希望工程、母亲水窖、宋庆龄助学基金等公益项目,在国家部分地区遭受自然灾害时积极履行中央企业责任,积极向西南旱灾、玉树地震、舟曲泥石流、海南暴雨灾害等受灾地区伸出援手,各项工作得到了受援地区政府和被救助群众的充分肯定和高度赞誉。
As a responsible corporate citizen,CNOOC has been committed to various charities,including poverty relief, Tibet aid,support to needy students and disaster relief.We regard win-win as our philosophy in developing the Company and fulfilling our social responsibility;and we pursue harmonious relationship between the Company and society.
The Company has established the Charity and Commonwealth Committee to be responsible for the planning, management and supervision of charity funds,and has issued regulations on fund management.
Through the year of2010,CNOOC has accomplished all tasks it has set up for poverty alleviation,aid to Tibet and public benefits related commitments.Specifically,CNOOC has satisfactorily rotated the cadres as aid to Tibet concerned;construction for Sichuan assistance project(phase I)has been progressing as scheduled;constant supports from CNOOC have been contributed to public benefits projects such as Hope Projects,Mother Water Cellars and Soong Ching Ling Fund(SOLF).As a state-owned enterprise,CNOOC also proactively performs its obligation when certain regions across the country suffering from damages caused by natural disasters.For example,assistances have been extended to the stricken areas like the southwest,Yushu,Quzhou and Hainan where experienced severe damage from drought,earthquake,mudslide and rainstorm respectively.By virtue of such works,CNOOC won complete recognition and highly praise from the governments and people of those aided areas.
中国海油采用国际化的健康安全环保(HSE)标准,积极推广国际先进良好作业实践,实施健康安全环保体系化管理。通过多年的实践,中国海油建立了具有海洋石油特色的健康安全环保文化,突出以人为本、关爱员工的理念,并通过确保员工职业健康和安全生产积极体现企业的社会责任。良好的安全文化和安全意识是中国海油创建国际一流企业的有力保证。
为实现可持续发展的战略目标,中国海油坚持清洁发展、安全发展的科学发展观,公司HSE理念是:
健康安全环保是公司生存的基础、发展的保障。
管理健康安全环保事务,不仅是经济责任,更是社会责任。
员工是公司最宝贵的资源和财富,以人为本,关爱生命。
设定目标,只有“执行”才能实现。
体系化管理,持续改进,坚信“没有最好,只有更好”。
安全行为“五想五不干”,注重细节、控制风险。
管理承包商,分享信息和经验,实现双赢。
尽量使用清洁无害的材料和能源,保护环境和资源。
不仅遵守法规标准,更要争先创优、努力提高行业水平。
健康安全环保是企业整体素质的综合反映。
2006年,中国海油在基层健康安全环保管理中就提出班前“五想五不干”的要求,而后强化成海洋石油现场作业安全行为准则,即“一想安全风险,不清楚不干;二想安全措施,不完善不干;三想安全工具,未配备不干;四想安全环境,不合格不干;五想安全技能,不具备不干”,最大限度地杜绝事故的发生。目前,贯彻落实“五想五不干”成为中国海油各所属单位的一项重要工作。
2007年,中国海油重新修订了《中国海洋石油总公司健康安全环保管理理念》,突出了安全发展、以人为本、持续改进、社会责任和环境保护等中心内容,强调了清洁、安全和协调发展的科学发展观,并将“五想五不干”的安全行为准则和承包商管理的内容融入新理念,体现中国海油重视现场管理、注重细节、控制风险的HSE管理思想以及把承包商的管理视作社会责任而实现双赢的理念。
中国海油一直重视职业健康教育和管理,加强员工职业健康监护管理,2009年,中国海油海上平台除个别外,已经全部按照规定配备了医疗设备和医务人员,同时严格进行在建设项目职业卫生评价,引入重大事故发生时的心理干预项目,倡导健康生活方式,教育员工珍惜生命、热爱生活,把自己和他人的家庭幸福放在重要的位置上。除了不断加大现场生产安全管理力度,中国海油还注重对职工工作时间外的安全教育和管理,加强对员工交通安全和心理健康的关注,为员工提供相关的培训和安全知识教育。
公司不断增强危机管理能力,持续修订《危机管理预案》。2008年,总公司总部新应急指挥中心建成并投入使用。该指挥中心集应急指挥、虚拟现实、电视电话会议等功能为一体,并新增了三维应急指挥展示平台。除此之外,公司还颁布了《中国海油应急指挥中心建设指南》、《中国海油应急管理信息系统建设指南》等要求,指导各公司应急管理信息系统建设。目前,天津、深圳、湛江及上海等地区应急中心实施了升级改造。公司还通过多层次的应急演习及与承包商、地方政府的合作,提高公司整体应急管理能力。
2009年,中国海油发布了涉及安全隐患整改跟踪、合格潜水服务承包商筛选、危险化学品安全许可等领域的重要规章制度性文件;完成了海外项目人员动态信息网建设。该信息网解决了总公司海外人员的统计问题,为及时应对海外突发事件提供了有力支撑;全部完成了8艘自有单壳油轮的改造或出售工作,消除了发生溢油污染事故的重大隐患。
作为中国的“能源大户”,中国海油一直没有忘记身上的环保重任。无论在海上还是在陆地,中国海油始终坚持环境保护工作,坚持污染物治理、最大限度减少企业生产给环境带来的影响,在各个项目中推行“零排放”的理念。
对于海洋油气生产的最大隐患——溢油,中国海油多年来一直强调应对的准备工作,目前旗下的中海石油环保服务有限公司已经成为国内第一家专业化运作的具有二级溢油应急响应能力的公司,在塘沽、龙口、涠洲、珠海、绥中等地建立了溢油应急基地。公司应对海上溢油突发事件的能力不断增强,并在中国海域海上溢油突发事件中发挥越来越重要的作用。
CNOOC has established a health and safety system operating to international standards to ensure staff occupational health and production safety;this is regarded as part of corporate social responsibility.
To achieve the strategic goal of sustainable development,CNOOC strives for clean and safe development.Health, Safety and Environmental Protection(HSE)Philosophy is:
1.Sound HSE performance is one of the foundations for the company's growth and development,
2.Ensuring economic return,HSE management is also our commitment to social responsibility,
3.Put people at the first place and regard employees as our most valuable resource and asset,
4.With set objectives,implementation is important,
5.Conduct systematic management and continuous improvement with the motto"We can always do it better",
6.Promote the"5No Works"safety rules,focus on details,manage risks to an acceptable level,
7.Manage contractors and share information and experience to achieve Win-Win cooperation,
8.Endeavor to use clean and harmless materials and energy,and protect environment and natural resources,
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8e13874386.html,ply with laws,regulations and industrial standards,and strive for HSE excellence,
10.HSE performance mirrors the comprehensive quality of a company.
In2006,CNOOC launched the5"No works"campaign.The5"No Works"outlines the DOs and DON'Ts to minimize risks in the workplace.They are:
1.No work before fully aware of the hazards,
2.No work before all control measures are in place,
3.No work before all modes of protection are ready,
4.No work before the environment is safe,and
5.No work when there is lack of skill/experience
The implementation of the5"No works"has become an important guide for all units of CNOOC.
During2007,CNOOC revised its document on Health,Safety and Environment Management Concept, emphasizing continual improvement of safety development,social and environmental concerns.This has been assimilated with the essence of the Scientific Concept of Development as well as the"5No Works"concept and contractors'management.This document demonstrates CNOOC's greater efforts in the implementation of HSE management system,enhancing risk control and the management of contractors as part of its social responsibility.
CNOOC pays much attention to the management and training for occupational health,strengthens the supervision and monitoring of occupational safety and the promotion of healthy life styles of its employees.Besides continuously enhancing the management of production safety on site,CNOOC also pays great attention to the education and management of employee safety after work,gives much concern for the driving safety and mental health of its https://www.doczj.com/doc/8e13874386.html,OOC provides related training and safety education for its employees.
In2009,almost all our offshore platforms were equipped with medical facilities and medical staff according to relevant regulations.Occupational health evaluation was strictly carried out,a psychological assistance program was introduced for major accidents,and3programs of psychological crisis intervention training were organized.
In2009,CNOOC defined priorities and developed its work plan based on risk identification and evaluation,in order to maintain good safety performance.In2009,CNOOC issued regulations on rectification and follow-up of safety hazards,the selection of qualified diving service contractors,and safety permits for hazardous chemicals. HSE inspections were carried out in38subsidiaries whose businesses involve hazardous chemicals.The Group requested all subsidiaries to control potential hazards within a time limit,and supervised the rectification of10 major safety hazardous projects,thus effectively preventing major accidents.
CNOOC further strengthened its contractor safety management,carried out an annual safety inspection on helicopters,assessed14diving service contractors in accordance with international standards,and announced
which of the diving contractors were unqualified.
The Company established a dynamic information network for personnel involved in overseas projects and provided strong support for any overseas emergency response.In2009,CNOOC actively promoted the construction and improvement of an emergency management system,especially the emergency management information system,in all subsidiaries.This enabled the interconnection and rapid information transfer between emergency centers at all levels in case of emergency.The Company promoted the application of a dynamic tracking and management system for ships and a real-time tracking system for staff at sea,and also promoted the construction of a three-dimensional emergency platform.
As a major energy producer in China,CNOOC never forget its environment protection https://www.doczj.com/doc/8e13874386.html,OOC is mindful of its environment protection and pollutant treatment both onshore and offshore to minimize the impact of its production on the environment,and follow the concept of zero emission in each project.
CNOOC has consistently emphasized the preparation of a sound oil spill response.China Offshore Environmental Service Ltd.(COES),a subsidiary of CNOOC,is the first specialized company in China that possesses Class2oil spill emergency handling capability.COES has set up oil spill response bases in Tanggu,Longkou,Weizhou, Zhuhai and Suizhong.With continuous improvement in its marine oil spill emergency handling capability,COES plays an important role in dealing with marine oil spill emergency in offshore China.
公司理念
企业愿景及使命
中国海油以科学发展观为指导,坚持“双赢、责任、诚信、创新、关爱”的企业理念,实施协调发展、人才兴企、科技领先和低成本战略,坚持特色发展道路,推动公司的高效高速发展,努力建设国际一流能源公司。
企业价值观
追求人、企业、社会与自然的和谐进步,做员工自豪、股东满意、伙伴信任、社会欢迎、政府重视的综合型能源公司。
经营理念
以人为本
从关注和满足人的需求出发,通过制度安排做到尊重人的价值,提升人的素质,发挥人的能力,保障人的权益,凝聚人的心气,使人与企业共同发展。
担当责任
公司竭力为国家发展提供优质能源,为社会进步提供强力支持;坚持科学发展观和走可持续发展道路,实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的和谐统一。员工以一流的素质和业绩为公司及社会创造价值,具有符合社会道德要求的正义感和责任心,永远对客户负责,对公司负责,对个人行为负责。
和合双赢
从长远发展的角度思考和讨论问题,寻求互惠互利的合作方案,通过资源整合,优势互补,和气共生,发挥潜能,达到资源的最佳配置、组织的最优组合、人才的最好利用、价值的最大实现,使得利益关联各方都有满意的结果。
第一单元词语的翻译(1) 增词法 汉英两种语言在词法和句法结构方面存在着极大的差别。例如,英语中有词形变化,汉语中没有;英语中大量用连词、介词、关系代词等,而汉语中各成分往往通过内在的关系贯串在一起,不一定或很少使用连词和介词,也没有关系代词。所以,翻译时常常有必要在译文的词量上作适当的增加,使译文既能忠实地传达原文的内容和风格,又能符合译入语的表达习惯,但是增词必须是根据具体情况增加非增加不可的词语。 汉译英中的增词 一、根据句法结构需要增词 1.增补主语 汉语里无主语的句子相当多,汉译英时常常要根据上下文的意思选择适当的代词或名词补做主语。增加什么样的主语则取决于上下文。 例1:不坚持就会失败。 One will fail unless —one perseveres. 例2:怕要下雨了。 I am afraid it is going to rain. 例3:又要马儿跑得快,又要马儿不吃草,简直可笑! You want the horse to run fast and yet you don’t 1et it graze.Isn’t it ridiculous! 2.增补非人称的或强调句中的it 英语中it除了指天气、时间等外,还常用来表示强调、代替不定式等。汉语中有许多表达方法,英译时需增补it。 例4:一天天冷起来了。 It is getting colder day by day. 例5:是我们采取有效措施的时候了。 It’s time we took effective measures. 例6:尝试而失败还是比不尝试好。 It’s better to try and fail than never try at a1l. 从以上例句可以看出汉英语言表达思想顺序的不同。如果一个句子里既有叙事部分,又有表态部分,在汉语里往往是叙事在前,表态在后。叙事部分比较长,表语部分一般都很短(如句中的“不容易”、“容易”、“好”)。在英语中则往往相反,表态在前,叙事在后。所以译文中要增补it作先行主语,以便把较短的表态部分放在前面。 下面两个例句中it起强调作用。 例7:我们费了很大力气才解决了那些问题。 It was with great effort that we solved those problems. 例8:我们这样做都是为了你好。 It was for your benefit that we did all that. 3. 增补作宾语的代词或先行宾语it 在汉语中,只要从上下文能正确理解,宾语常常可以省略,但在英语中凡及物动词都得有宾语,因此在英译时经常要增补宾语。 例9:我们认为理论与实践相结合是十分重要的。 We think it most important that theory should be combined with practice.
如水语文初二点睛班串讲资料 一、基础选择 1.下列各组词语中加点字的注音或书写有误的一项是( C ) A.蹂躏.(lìn)雾霭毕肖汗流浃.背(jiā) B.落寞.(mò)荟萃沉湎自艾.自怜(yì) C.窒.息(zhì)溃乏袅娜入不敷.出(fù) D.老骥.(jì)惬意眼花缭乱伛.偻提携(yǔ) 2.依次填入下面横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是( C ) ①拜金主义的“洪流”如何泛滥,如何冲击,始终不了我的理想。 ②他只是摇头;脸上虽然许多皱纹,却全然不动,仿佛石像一般。 ③天边的云彩不停地着,时而如白雪堆积的山峰,时而又成大海的浪花泡沫。 ④麦田怪圈对小麦地有特别的好感,虽然它也会偶尔燕麦地、草地、树林和雪地, 但一般情况下,它总是和小麦地呆在一块儿。 A.消灭刻着变换光顾 B.消灭布满变幻出现于 C.毁灭刻着变幻光顾 D.毁灭布满变换出现于 3.下列各项中,有语病的一项是( B ) A.武汉的菊展,从1981年开始,到今年已经是第35届了。金秋赏菊已经成为了武汉人 秋天的必做之事。 B.早餐的质量不仅影响人一天的思维能力,吃不好还会影响胃炎、肥胖、胆结石等一系 列的健康问题,甚至有研究表明,不注重吃早餐的人寿命甚至平均缩短2.5岁! C.2015年版第五套人民币100元纸币将于11月12日起发行,因票面中部数字增加了 光彩光变效果,网友呼其为“土豪金版人民币”。 D.从2015年11月1日起,邮件、快件均要求通过对寄件人电话号码及相关身份信息比 对核实后方可收寄。 4.下列标点符号使用有错误的一项是() A.说起黄山,人们很容易想起徐霞客对黄山的赞誉:“五岳归来不看山,黄山归来不看 岳。” B.依我之见,少年写作文,就应该多写一点“有意思”的事,何必那么深刻,何必那么 深沉? C.中华民族既能像大地承载万物一样,宽厚包容;又能像苍天刚健运行一样,彰显正义。 D.城乡医疗保险大概分三种类型:城镇职工医疗保险、城镇居民医疗保险和农村新型合 作医疗制度。 乡土本色 费孝通 从基层上看去,中国社会是乡土性的。那些被称土气的乡下人是中国社会的基层。我们说乡下人土气,这个土字用得很好。土字的基本意义是指泥土。乡下人离不了泥土,因为在
初中作文辅导讲义第一章审清题意的能力 【能力定位〕 审题,就是仔细辨认、审查、分析、研究题目的意义和要求,确定文体和写作的范围、角度、重点等。有人说,为文审题是前提,立意是关键,表达是重点,可谓切中肯綮。确实,要写好一篇文章,必须首先把好审题这一关,否则就会“下笔千言,离题万里”,文不对题,文不对“体”。即使文字功底很好,也难免“一着不慎,全盘皆输”。在平时训练、测试甚至决定学生“命运”的考试中,这样的例子都不鲜见。 【要点阐释】 审清题意的能力,主要包括以下方面: 一、揣摩命题意图的能力 每道优秀的命题都包含着命题者的意图。揣摩命题意图,就是分析命题者“为什么命这个文题”,探究命题的依据和出发点。善于揣摩命题意图,写作时才能深谙“行情”,投命题者“所好”。命题的依据有: (一)联系学生的阅读实际命题。特别是课文阅读,它是语文学习之“本”。有联系课文思想内容的,如《不要畏惧困难》,审题时可联系《愚公移山》揣摩命题意图。有联系课文写作特点的,如《我最敬佩的人》,审题时可联系《谁是最可爱的人》揣摩命题意图。 (二)联系学生的生活实际命题。学生的生活包括个人生活、家庭生活、校园生活、社会生活以及科技生活、想像生活等。面对此类文题,学生应根据自己的生活积累,联系当前的社会背景去审视题目。比如:“每位同学自身都会存在这样或那样的弱点,如胆怯、自卑、惰性、娇气……请结合你的实际选择一个方面,把题
目‘我终于战胜了_’填充完整,写一篇记叙文。”这个命题既切合学生自身实际,又反映了当今社会一个热门话题:中学生的心理健康问题。 二、分辨表达体裁的能力 如果命题已对文体有明确要求,就务必要按要求作文。如果命题对文体无明确要求,就要从下面几方面人手辨明表达体裁。 (一)注意文题中表明文体的标志词语。 题中含“记”“忆”“访”“传”“纪事”“巡礼”“见闻”“赞”“颂”“歌”“抒怀”“畅想”等词语,即写记叙文或抒情散文,如《童年纪事》、《琐忆》、《内蒙访古》、《武夷游》等; 题中含“议”“论”“说”“谈”“辩”“驳”“评”“析”“感”“看法”“启示”“谈起”等词语,即写议论文; 题中含“用途”“功能”“介绍”“说明”“解说”“性质”“怎样”“制作”“方法”“技巧”“(某物)自述”等,即写说明文。 (二)遇到没有标志词的文题,可以通过试加标志词的办法辨明文体,也可以从文题的含义发现它对文体的要求。 一般来说,以时间、地点、人物、事件为题的,要写记叙文,如《最难忘的一天》、《校园见闻》、《我和同桌》、《抉择》等; 要求阐发某种主张、论述某个道理的题目,要写议论文,如《机遇天才成功》、《要虚心“纳谏”》、《爱国主义,还是军国主义?》等,这些题目,或展示出论题,或直接点明论点,都是不难辨认的; 要求介绍、解说客观事物、事理等知识的题目,写说明文。 有些命题较为含蓄,要通过分析加以辨识。如《火车头》这一题目,不加分析,就难以把握它的文体。不过,在这里.显然它是一种比喻,比喻现实生活中起带头作用的先进人物,自然是要求写记叙文。
2019 安全生产专业实务点睛资料 《建筑施工安全》 P1:建筑业自身特点对安全生产的影响:1)建设工程是一个庞大的人机工程2)建设项目的施工具有单件性的特点3)项目施工具有离散性的特点4)建筑施工大多在露天的环境中进行5)建设工程往往有多方参与,管理层次比较多,管理关系复杂6)建筑业仍属于劳动密集型产业,技术含量相对偏低。 P3:在建筑施工领域,对本企业或本单位日常生产经营活动和安全生产工作全面负责、有生产经营决策权的人员,包括企业法定代表人、经理、企业分管生产和安全的副经理、安全总监及技术负责人等,他们在安全生产管理中起决策和指挥作用,是企业决策层安全生产管理的主要负责人。 项目经理是企业安全生产管理层的重要角色,更是施工现场承担安全生产的第一责任人,对施工现场安全生产管理负总责,是施工现场安全生产管理的决策人物。 操作层是安全生产的基础环节。在建筑施工企业,专职从事安全生产管理工作的人员,包括企业安全生产管理机构的负责人及其工作人员、施工现场专职安全生产管理人员,是企业操作层的安全生产管理负责人。 P4:建筑施工前五类安全事故类型:高处坠落、物体打击、坍塌事故、起重伤害、机械伤害。高处坠落在世界范围内都居于建筑业伤亡事故的首位。 《企业职工伤亡事故分类》GB6441:(1)物体打击(2)车辆伤害(3)机械伤害(4)起重伤害(5)触电(6)灼烫(7)淹溺(8)火灾(9)高处坠落(10)坍塌(11)冒顶片帮(12)透水(13)放炮(14)火药爆炸(15)瓦斯爆炸(16) 锅炉爆炸(17)容器爆炸(18)其他爆炸(19)中毒和窒息(20)其他伤害等。 P6:危险因素辨识方法:现场交谈询问、经验判断、查阅事故案例、工作任务和工艺过程分析、安全检查表法等方法。 危险因素监控措施:(1)列出危险源清单(2)登记建档(3)编制方案(4)监督实施(5)公示告知(6)跟踪监控(7)制定应急预案(8)告知应急措施。 P7:公示牌应设置于醒目位置,内容应包括:危险性较大的工程的名称、部位、措施、施工期限、安全 监控责任人和举报电话等。 施工组织设计按照编制对象一般分为施工组织总设计、单位工程施工组织设计和施工方案 3 类。 P8:施工组织设计应由施工单位组织编制;施工组织总设计应由总承包单位技术负责人审批;单位工程施工组织设计应由施工单位技术负责人或技术负责人授权的技术人员审批;施工方案应由项目技术负责人审批。 P11:由于塔式起重机能靠近建筑物,其幅度利用率可达全幅度的80%,而且随着建筑物高度的增加还会急剧地减少。塔式起重机的主参数是最大额定起重力矩,是最大额定起重量重力与其在设计确定的各种组合臂长中所能达到的最大工作幅度的乘积。 P14:塔式起重机的安全防护装置:1)行程限位器 2)起重量限制器 3)力矩限制器 行程限位器,按其功能又分为: (1)起升高度限位器。用以防止吊钩行程超越极限,以免碰坏起重机臂架和出现钢丝绳乱绳现象。 (2) 回转限位器。用以限制塔式起重机的回转角度,防止扭断和损坏电缆。凡是不装设中央集电环的塔 式起重机,均应配置回转限位器。 (3)幅度限位器。塔式起重机的幅度限位的限制范围是1080°(即可旋转三圈),并不具备限制起重臂的回转角度的能力。 P15:起重量限制器:金属片起到凸轮作用压迫触头切断起升机构的电源。 行走限位器:用以限制大车行走范围,防止由于大车越位行走而造成的出轨倒塔事故。 力矩限制器:形通过放大杆的作用而使螺钉压迫限位开关触头的压键,从而切断起升机构的电源。
五粮液集团公司写作骨干培训提高班 应用写作》辅导讲义 集团办李其淳 (二00九年十月六日) 写作,是现代人的一种十分重要的基本素质。 应用写作,对于担负着办公室文秘工作责任的员工来说,是重要的工作技能。学习《应用写作》课,可以帮助大家从理论和实践的结合上更好地把握应用写作规律,指导应用写作实践,进而提高工作技能和业务水平。 、关于《应用写作》课的有关问题一)教学目的。 1、了解应用写作一般规范和要求。 2、参照教材,熟悉集团公司《公文处理办法》,基本规范公文写作。 3、熟悉论文、新闻等常用文体写作要求,基本形成论文写作能 力。 4、基本纠正应用写作常见问题,提高公司公文质量。 二)学习重点。 1、实用型文章的特征(《绪论》):应用写作的概念;应用型文章的主题、材料、结构、语言特征;提高应用写作水平的途径:理论修
养、思想修养,研究问题、钻研政策,把握规律、熟悉情况,语言修养、勤于实践。 2、公文写作(第一编《行政公文?行政机关公文》):公文的概念及特点;公文的分类及功用;公文的构成要素和格式;公文写作的基本要求及常用文种的写作要求;决定、通知、报告、请示、批复、函、会议纪要等常用文种的写作要求。 3、事务文书写作(第一编《行政公文?事务文书》):简报、调 查报告、计划、总结、讲话稿、规章制度、述职报告等常用文书写作及要求;对照教材范例,找出自己工作中的偏差。 4、新闻消息(第二编《财经文体?经济新闻》):消息的概念及 特点;消息的种类及要求;消息的写作要领及要求。 5、学术论文(第四编《科研问题?学术论文》):论文的概念、 性质及功用;论文的主要种类及特征;论文选题及写作计划,写作提纲拟定及调整,写作要求及修改定稿。 三)教材特点。 1、观点正确,材料翔实。 2、内容丰富,引例典型。 3、文字简洁,明白晓畅。 4、规范严谨,堪作工具。 5、文字标点,小有瑕疵。 二、公文写作 一)公文规范的内涵。 1、行款格式规范。 1)《公文处理办法》对文种的具体要求。 2)《公文处理办法》对公文格式的具体要求。
竞技桥牌选修课讲义 前言 桥牌作为一项高雅、文明、竞技性很强的体育运动风靡全球,并以它特有的魅力而称雄于各类牌戏。桥牌运动能够使人增长智慧、陶冶情操、完美性格、适应生活,帮助人们遇事考虑全面、临危不乱,改善人际关系等等。在打牌过程中,要运用很多数学、逻辑学的知识,计算和记忆能力,是促进大学生心理健康,智育发育的体育项目。 桥牌讲座的基本内容包括桥牌的基本概念、打法、计分、竞赛等几个部分。方法包括自然叫牌法、坐庄与防守技巧、记分法、自然定约卡、防守叫牌体系、中国桥牌竞赛规则、桥牌比赛方法等等,分初级班、中级班。 通过课堂教学、课堂讨论与打牌练习、比赛练习等理论与实际相结合,培养学生学会桥牌的基本打法,计算方法,独立分析问题和独立解决问题的能力,以达到教学大纲所要求的基本理论、基本知识及基本技能。 自然叫牌法慨要 代号说明:S= 黑桃 H= 红心 D= 方块 C= 梅花 NT=无将 牌力估计:大牌 A=4,K=3,Q=2,J=1 大牌点 12点以上开叫 牌型:平均牌型4333 4432 或低级花色3352 其余为不平均牌型 叫牌过程分为:开叫―应叫―开方再叫―应方再叫-后续叫牌 开叫后敌方叫牌称为争叫。 开叫又可分为:平均牌型开叫与不平均牌型开叫 一、各阶开叫: 1.开叫1C, 5张以上C 或者均型12~15 不平均型19~21 以后2阶出套 同伴必须叫牌,开叫1D 4张D 以上12-18点大牌,不平均型时12~18P ;44低花时开叫1D ,33低花时开叫1C 2.开叫1H/1S :5张以上,12-18P 3.开叫1NT:均型16-18P ,2NT:22-24P ,允许某门花色为单张大牌,允许5张低花的平均牌型。 4.开叫2C :人为强开叫,22点以上大牌,或者9赢墩以上+足够的防守赢墩。 5.2D 开叫,4张S,5张以上H,11-15大牌点。 6.开叫2H/2S 及3阶以上为阻击性开叫:2阶6张,3阶7张,4阶8张套,无局时6-10P ,有局8-10P 。 5阶9张以上11P 以上。 二、应叫: 1.0-5p,极弱牌,不叫通过. 1C 开叫后必须应叫1D 2.6-9p 1NT 应叫: (如:1S-1NT),表示对开叫花色缺乏支持,加叫同伴花色(平加叫)3张以上支持(如:1S-2S)。或使用一盖一应叫(如:1D-1H)6~18P 3.10-12p. 使用一盖一应叫(如:1C-1D/1H/1S)迫叫.跳加叫(如:1S-3S)高花,强邀叫.跳叫高花进局(如:1S-4S),有四张以上支持,有单缺,基本为止叫. 4.12-18p. 使用二盖一应叫(如:1S-2C/2D/2H ,1H-2C/2D)迫叫;跳叫高花进局(如:1S-4S);跳叫2nt (12-15P ),迫叫. 5.19p 以上.跳叫新花色(如:1S-3C/3D/3H ,1C/1D-2H/2S),强进局逼叫. 斯泼林特约定叫. (如:1S-4C/4D/4H)满贯兴趣,所叫花色缺门或有A 6.对方干扰后,pass,0-4P,平加5~8P 消极,加倍9p 以上没有好的支持.,高花支持.对方加倍后,再加倍表示9p 以上,没有好的支持. 三、开叫方再叫 顺叫1H/1S-1N-2C/2D … 先高后低14~15P 。 叫1NT, 12-13P 如1D-1S-1NT ,2NT 14~15P 加叫同伴花色 12~13P 1H -1S -2S,跳加14~15P 1H-1S-3S 。 16P 以上常采用跳叫原花色、逆叫、跳叫新花色逼叫一轮。 跳叫原花色:1S-1NT-3S 1D-1H -3D 16P 以上6张以上套 逆叫出新花:1H-1NT-2S 1D-1S -2H 16P 以上54套 跳叫新花色:1S-1NT-3C 1D-1H -3C 16P 以上55套 四、应叫方再叫 叫原花色:6张以上套8-10P 1D-1S -2H -2S 加叫同伴花色:8-10P 3帮 1S-1NT-2C-2S 叫NT 10-12P 1H-1S-2C-2NT 1D-1S -2H -2S 跳叫新花色:11P 以上 55以上2套 1C -1H -1S -3D 跳叫原花色:11P 以上6张以上好套 1C -1S-1NT-3S ,1C -1D-1H -3D 叫出新花:11P 以上 54两套 1D -1H-1NT-2S 1C-1D-1S -2H 五、后续叫牌 开叫、应叫方或邀局,或叫局。表明自己的牌是高限还是低限,大部分为自然含义。高限与低限:如开叫1NT 牌力16-18P , 16P 为低限,18P 为高限,17P 时10多的牌高限。如:开叫1S(12-18P)S5张以上,应叫1NT 表示(6-10P)平均型,开方再叫-2S(12-15P)6张以上S ,-3S(8-10P)S 两张以上支持高限邀局,-4S(14-15P )高限进局,Pass 为低限。 处在低限时如果A 多可以按高限靠,没有A 高限牌要按低限牌处理。 六、平均牌型的开叫与应叫 13~15点 开叫1C 同伴应叫1D/1H/1S 后叫1NT 16~18点 开叫1NT 或者争叫1NT 19~21点 开叫1C 同伴应叫1D/1H/1S 后叫2NT 或者加倍后叫1NT 22~24点 开叫2NT 或者争叫2NT 25~27点 开叫1C 同伴应叫应叫1D/1H/1S 后后叫3NT 或者开叫2C 1C 开叫后的应叫 -应叫1D/1H/1S :4张以上的自然叫(1D 可能0点)5点以上大牌。 -1NT :9-11点大牌。 -2C :5张以上C 支持的加叫,否认4张高花,6-10点。 -2D/2H/2S :跳叫新花色5张以上好套,16点以上。 -2NT :13-15点大牌,平均型,可能有4张高花。-3C :阻击性加叫。 -3NT :16-17点大牌,平均牌型,没有4张高花。
2019年一级建造师《市政》考前点睛资料 P3:路基填料:高液限黏土、高液限粉土及含有机质细粒土,不适用做路基填料。 P9:沥青其主要技术性能如下:1.粘结性;2.感温性;3.耐久性;4.塑性;5.安全性 P16-18:1.路基填土不得使用腐殖土、生活垃圾土、淤泥、冻土块或盐渍土。填土内不得含有草、树根等杂物,粒径超过lOOmm的土块应打碎。 2.填方段内应事先找平,当地面坡度陡于l:5时,需修成台阶形式,每层台阶高度不宜大于300mm,宽度不应小于1.0m。 1.压实方法(式):重力压实(静压)和振动压实两种。 2.土质路基压实原则:“先轻后重、先静后振、先低后高、先慢后快,轮迹重叠。”压路机最快速度不宜超过4km/h。 P25:1.拌成的稳定土应及时运送到铺筑现场。 2.运输中应采取防止水分蒸发和防扬尘措施。 3.宜在春末和气温较高季节施工,施工最低气温为5℃。 4.厂拌石灰土摊铺时路床应湿润。 P32:沥青混合料路面接缝必须紧密、平顺。上、下层的纵缝应错开l50mm(热接缝)或300~400mm(冷接缝)以上。相邻两幅及上、下层的横向接缝均应错位lm以上。应采用3m直尺检查,确保平整度达到要求。 P38:1.传力杆的固定安装方法有两种。一种是端头木模固定传力杆安装方法,宜用于混凝土板不连续浇筑时设置的胀缝。另一种是支架固定传力杆安装方法,宜用于混凝土板连续浇筑时设置的胀缝。 P461.模板、支架和拱架拆除应符合下列规定: (1)非承重侧模应在混凝土强度能保证结构棱角不损坏时方可拆除,混凝土强度宜为 2.5MPa及以上。 3.模板、支架和拱架拆除应遵循先支后拆、后支先拆的原则。支架和拱架应按几个循环卸落,卸落量宜由小渐大。每一循环中,在横向应同时卸落、在纵向应对称均衡卸落。 P54:4.预应力混凝土结构的侧模应在预应力张拉前拆除;底模应在结构建立预应力后拆除。1.预应力混凝土应优先采用硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥,不宜使用矿渣硅酸盐水泥,不得使用火山灰质硅酸盐水泥及粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥。粗骨料应采用碎石,其粒径宜为5~25mm。 P56:3.预应力筋张拉应符合下列要求: (1)混凝土强度应符合设计要求,设计未要求时,不得低于强度设计值的75%。 (2)曲线预应力筋或长度大于等于25m的直线预应力筋,宜在两端张拉;长度小于25m 的直线预应力筋,可在一端张拉。 (4)预应力筋的张拉顺序应符合设计要求。当设计无要求时,可采取分批、分阶段对称张拉。宜先中间,后上、下或两侧。 P69:(一)沉桩方式及设备选择 1.锤击沉桩宜用于砂类土、黏性土。桩锤的选用应根据地质条件、桩型、桩的密集程度、
Exposition Different kinds of writing achieve different purposes. On the basis of controlling purpose we traditionally divide all prose into three kinds: narration, description, and exposition. Of these, exposition is especially important to the college student since much of what he reads, and most of what he writes, is expository prose. Exposition is writing that explains. In general, it answers the questions how? And why? The writing of exposition begins, therefore, in an understanding of the broad purpose to be achieved. It begins, like all composition, in the writer’s head. Even before he sharpens his pencil, the expository writer must ask himself four questions: What specific point do I intend to make? Is it worth making? For whom am I writing? How can I best convey my point to my readers? On paper, the writing of exposition begins with paragraphs. Within each paragraph the writer shapes and develops a single unit of his thought. We find that paragraphs of exposition contain two different kinds of statements. The first __a general, rather abstract statement___is called the topic sentence. A second kind
世纪百城德清店开业典礼仪式流程2 开业典礼开始前准备 所有嘉宾与工作人员到位,典礼流程有序,在去除剪彩等仪式的情况下,以文艺演出、小礼品赠送、观众互动游戏等环节进行人气吸引,开业庆典策划人和主持人,必须就位,设备操作就位。 具体流程开业如下: 8:00—9:00:会场布置,设备安装人员准备就绪。由2名礼仪小姐 在商场门口对到访顾客进行抽奖卷发放,并说明抽 奖时间段,激起群众参与性,留住人气。 9:10—播放开场音乐,主持人暖场,开场舞节目,由舞蹈5人组合表演开场舞蹈,(播放音乐,掌声响起...) 9:15—主持人上场,宣布世纪百城德清店正式开业(礼炮齐鸣)(锣鼓背景乐响起)舞狮队伍表演助兴 9:25—主持人串场,点睛仪式开始,店领导由礼仪小姐引领,握笔为狮头点睛,一点红红火火,二点开业大吉,由2名礼仪小姐在主场两边放射礼花。(锣鼓背景乐响起) 9:35—主持人串场,店领导发言致辞,(致辞稿由文化公司提
供)(背景乐,掌声响起... 由2名礼仪小姐在主场两边放射礼花。)9:45—主持人串场,感谢领导致辞,宣布文艺节目开始。 文艺演出节目流程: 9:50—歌曲《暂定》(歌手表演时,可发放部分小礼品如小挂件,等) 9:55—舞蹈《暂定》 10:00—品牌推介观众有奖互动(抽现场观众,回答有关商家广告信息问题,如世纪百城地点具体位置?开业时间等。) 10:10—歌曲《暂定》(歌手表演时,可发放部分小礼品如小挂件,等) 10:15—抽奖环节(顾客凭手中抽奖卷,参与抽奖,有机会抽中数码相机等奖品,中奖人员为内部工作人员) 10:45—魔术《暂定》 11:00—主持致结束语发放小礼品 备注:
《新闻写作知识》讲义 一、新闻的概念及基本要求 把新闻作为一门科学进行研究,从1845年德国学者普尔兹所著《德国新闻事业》算起,迄今不过一百多年。若以美国新闻教育和研究事业的兴起为标志,也仅为一个世纪左右。我国的新闻学研究迟于欧美国家,于二十世纪二十年代开始进行。由于该学科作为一门专门的研究对象起步较晚,所以,我们在学习新闻的过程中,有时会发现一些著作的提法或者分类并不统一,但它们的基本要求和基本原理都是相通的。我国的新闻理论主要借鉴了西方国家的新闻学理论,但又有所不同。 (一)新闻的定义 新闻有很多定义,在不同的国家,不同的研究者对它有不同的定义。比如,在西方,对新闻的严肃定义有:“新闻就是变迁的记录”——英国《泰晤时报》,“新闻就是新鲜报道”——英国《牛津字典》等等,在国外对新闻的幽默定义也有许多,比如:“狗咬人不是新闻,人咬狗才是新闻”——美国《纽约太阳报》博加特等。 我国学者对新闻也有一些定义,比如:“新闻就是广大群众欲知、应知而未知的很重要事实”——范长江;“新闻的定义,就是新近发生的事实的报道”——陆定一。 我们一般指的新闻,可以理解为:新闻是对新近已经发生和正在发生、或者早已发生却是新近发现的有价值的事实的及时报道。 这一定义体现了三个要点:新闻必须是新近发生和新近发现的事实;新闻所报道的事实必须是有价值的;新闻必须是对事件的“报道”。
新闻都是以事实为依据,真实性是新闻的生命,也是第一要素。 凡是新闻文体,不论消息报道,还是通讯、特写,在写作上都应当做到新、快、短、活。 (二)新闻的分类 新闻按体裁分类,大致可以分为:消息、通讯、新闻特写、以及新闻边缘体裁。新闻边缘体裁主要包括:报告文学、调查报告、采访札记、工作研究、来信等。 新闻分广义的新闻与狭义的新闻,上段的分类是按广义的新闻进行分类的,它们是报纸、广播、电视等媒体中常见的报道体裁。狭义的新闻专指消息,又称电讯(通过电报、电传、电子计算机传输的消息)。它是报纸上最经常、最大量运用的一种新闻报道体裁,也是最直接、最简练、最迅速地向读者传播新闻信息的报道方式。 (三)新闻的六要素 新闻要素,是指新闻构成的主要因素。交待新闻要素,是把事实报道清楚的起码条件。一般来讲,在传统的新闻学讲义中,我们常提到的是五要素,所谓五个W(When,Where,Who,What,Why——何时,何地、何人、何事、何故)。在西方新闻学有一个观点,认为新闻学除了五个W外,还应增加一个H(How——怎么样,何果),也称新闻六要素。新闻六要素近年来在国内一些教材中得到认可。 (四)新闻语言 在写新闻时,有的作者常用写散文或者写评论的方式写新闻,其实,它们之间的语言要求是不一样的。文学语言是艺术的语言,评论语言是说理性语言,新闻语言则是表述事实的语言。
授课内容 体温 (temperature) 脉搏 (pulse) 呼吸 (respiration) 血压 (blood pressure) 体温过高(hyperthermia,发热) ?任何原因引起产热过多、散热减少、体温调节障碍、致热原作用于体温调节中枢使调定点上移而引起的体温升高,超过正常范围,称体温过高。 二、体温评估-1 体温过高的护理措施* 1.降温方法:降温后30 分钟测体温 2.加强病情观察 3.补充营养和水份:流质或半流质(高热量、高蛋白、高维生素、易消化);多饮水, 每日3000 ml 4.促进患者舒适休息 ?高热者绝对卧床休息 ?口腔护理 ?皮肤护理 ?环境安静,空气流通
体温计的种类与构造 三、体温的测量 测体温注意事项* 1.测量体温前,应检查体温计是否完好,水银柱是否在35℃以下 2.婴幼儿、精神异常、昏迷、口腔疾患、口鼻手术、张口呼吸者禁测口温 3.腋下有创伤、手术、炎症,腋下出汗较多者,肩关节受伤或消瘦夹不紧体温计者禁测 腋温 4.直肠或肛门手术、腹泻、心肌梗死者禁测肛温 5.婴幼儿、危重患者、躁动患者,应专人守护,防止意外 6.若患者不慎咬破体温计,首先应及时清除玻璃碎屑,再口服蛋清或牛奶,若病情允许, 可服用粗纤维食物,加速汞的排出 7.避免影响体温测量的各种因素。如运动、进食、冷热饮、冷热敷、洗澡、坐浴、灌肠 等 8.常用消毒液:70%酒精、84消毒液(1:200)、 0.5%过氧乙酸、碘伏、康威达 测脉搏注意事项* 1.在病人安静状态下测量脉搏 2.不可用拇指测脉 3.测脉搏思想要集中、细心,注意脉搏的频率、节律、强弱。发现异常脉搏,应及时与医生联 系。 血压测量 正常血压范围* 成人,安静时: *收缩压 90~140 mmHg(12.0~18.0 kpa ) *舒张压 60~90 mmHg(8.0~12.0 kpa ) 体位:所测部位的手臂位置(肱动脉)与心脏* 应在同一水平位上。 坐位 --- 平第四肋 卧位 --- 平腋中线
一、如何科学记忆单词 中考要求达到的词汇量1200--1500,但是一份中考试卷至少有2000--3000的词汇量。我们应该如何记忆单词? 单词遗忘规律:艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线 单词记忆的规律和方法: 一个中心--成片记忆 两个基本大法--单词构词法;人的记忆法 单词记忆的方法: 1、生活词汇 KFC Pepsi Cola Coca-Cola Sprite safeguard Heart Diamond Spade Club
2、联想记忆法 (1)谐音联想记忆法 Pest n.害虫 (2)拟声联想记忆法 Pound 磅;撞击,击打 (3)拆分联想记忆法 Between --be+two+in 在两者之间 Twins--双胞胎two+in (4)象形联想记忆法 See seek search seem 这是一种记忆单词的理念,学会并运用,词汇量远远超过考试要求的范围。 3、理论体系 ①形近字母互换: u--v--w solve solution ②元音字母互换a-e-i-o-u begin--began--begun tooth--teeth foot--feet food--feed 语法专练: 1、—Ann is in hospital. —Yes,I know. I ? visit her. A will B am going to 2、I ? be 18 years old tomorrow.(will/am going to) 3、The weather is so cold.I ? be sick this afternoon.(will/am going to) 4、I have two sisters.One is a teacher and ? is a doctor. A.a nother B.other C.the other D.others 5、—? will you finish the work? —In three days. A.H ow long B.How soon C.How many D.How often 6、It usually ? Tom half an hour to go to school? A.pays B.costs C.spends D.takes
《应用写作》讲义2016年9月
绪论 ●内容梗概 应用文是一种实用文体,在人们的日常工作、学习和生活中起着重要的作用。作为沟通、传播、交流的工具和手段,应用文写作不断发展,不仅出现了大量的经典之作,而且形成了系统的写作理论。本章作为应用文写作的入门向导,对应用文的特点、作用及学习应用文的方法作了介绍。 ●学习目标 了解应用文写作在日常生活中的作用及常用的学习应用文的方法。 ●教学内容及进程 一、应用文的含义及其特点 应用文是人们在工作、学习和生活等实践活动中,用来处理公私事务、交流传递信息和解决实际问题所使用的具有直接实用价值和一定惯用格式的文章的总称。 在现代社会,会写应用文已成为每个现代人必须掌握的工具之一,同时也是每个现代人必须具备的技能之一。应用文已经社会化、大众化,尤其是在知识经济时代,整个社会各种活动的本质就是在创造、加工、复制、交流和运用信息,
而信息的创造、加工、复制、交流和运用也就离不开应用文写作。 二、应用文的作用 应用文是一种工具,它在不同的历史时期,有着不同的作用。在经济全球化的过程中,应用文最基本的作用主要有以下几点: 1.宣传和教育作用 2.联系和交流作用 3.依据和凭证作用 4.管理指导作用 三、学习应用文的意义和方法 1.学习应用文的意义 应用文写作是日常生活、工作中必备的交际工具。应用文是使用最为广泛的文体。应用文写作与我们每个人的工作、学习、生活息息相关。因此,学好应用文写作这门课,是同学们日常工作、学习中的一种基本技能。除专业性较强的应用文之外,一般常用的应用文如果我们能亲自撰写,将给我们的生活与工作带来极大的便利。 2.学习应用文的方法 (1)要端正认识,树立正确的学习态度。 (2)熟悉方针政策。 (3)要勤于学习,扩大信息贮存量。
演讲稿写作指导与学生写作 教学目标: 1.明确演讲稿的基本结构及写作。 2\能根据命题写作演讲稿。 3. 培养对演讲及语言表达的兴趣。 教学时间:2课时(写作指导与学生实践) 教学过程: 一、缘起 为和校园文化活动相对接,在学校“听党的话,永远跟党走”主题演讲比赛之前,讲授演讲稿写作及演讲技巧训练等内容。 演讲稿又称演说词。写作演讲稿是命题演讲的第一步工作,写出高质量的演讲稿是演讲获得成功的基本保证。 关于“听党的话,永远跟党走”: 想一想我来学校读书盼什么,对照自己在学校的表现是否对得起父母亲的养育之恩; 想一想我在学校做什么,对照自己所取得的成绩是否达到了父母与老师的期望; 想一想我将来走上社会干什么,对照自己所学的知识是否达到了培养目标; 想一想我要成为社会有用之才凭什么,对照社会对人才需求,自己应该如何努力。 二、演讲稿的特点 针对性;可讲性;临场性。 三、演讲稿的作用 保证演讲内容的完善;保证演讲者临场自如;能加强语言的规范化和表现力;能帮助演讲者恰当地掌握时间。 四、正确处理好演讲稿与演讲的关系 初学演讲者往往人为地割裂了演讲稿与演讲的关系。 五、演讲稿的主题 主题是演讲的灵魂,它决定演讲思想性的强弱、制约材料的取舍和组织,影响到论证方法和艺术高度。 如联系“四想四对照”教育活动,写作演讲稿时可提炼出诸如“感恩”、“反思”、“成长”等主题。 六、材料的升华
材料是观点形成的基础。这里所谓的升华,就是演讲稿在叙述材料的基础上,恰当地对材料的本质内涵加以分析、概括、提炼、延伸,并通过富于理性色彩的语言表述、渲染,以便将听众的思想引向一个更深邃的境界。 升华的方式一般有以下几种: (一)由点到面的扩展 演讲的事实材料是灵活多样的,诸如一次个人经历,一个完整故事,一段人物特写,甚至人物的片言只语,这些个别的却很典型的材料,就是升华事理之“点”。由“这一个”事实的叙述推及包含这一类的全部或部分事实内涵的概括,就是由点到面的升华方法。请看傅缨的研究《铭记国耻——把握今天》中的一例: (叙述材料)吉鸿昌高挂写有“我是中国人”标语的木牌,走在一片蓝眼睛、黄头发的洋人群中。 (升华内容)正是这样千百万个赤子,才是我们民族的脊梁、祖国的希望;正是他们,在自己的“今天”,用满腔的热血,冒着敌人的炮火,谱写了无愧于时代的《义勇军进行曲》,才使得我们今天的共和国国歌响彻神州,那么气势磅礴,那么雄壮嘹亮;正是他们,才使得我们今天的炎黄子孙一次又一次地登上世界最高领奖台,并使那音量越来越大,那旋律越来越强! 有了这样的升华,演讲时就能燃起听众热爱祖国的感情,产生较强的感召力。 《学习手册》中《我们成长,我们感恩》: (叙述材料):自己离家出走的故事。 (升华内容):自那以后,我不再叛逆,开始懂得感恩。谁不曾年少轻狂,那些已逝的青春,快乐或忧伤,都已随风归去,又何苦再去寻觅。路人只关注我们会攀得多高,走得多远,只有我们的父母关心着我们走的有多累,走的有多苦。 (二)由表及里的深化 有些蕴含着深沉意义的事实材料,不经点破,听众也许理解不透你所要表述的主旨;而一旦经过提示与深化提炼,就如同从沙砾中发掘出闪亮的金子,从贝壳中发现耀眼的珍珠,催人感奋,启人思考。这种由外表行动或客观存在事实的叙述,升华为内在思想或深沉含义的表露方法,就是“由表及里”的深化。请看江苏青年教师电视演讲比赛中《救救水牛——救救孩子》中的一例:(叙述材料)一个城市的学生来到农村,看见一头水牛在河里嬉水,误以为是失足落水,连连惊呼:“救救水牛!” (升华内容)我想,我们老师天天都在鼓励孩子们读书,这本是无可非议的。但把学习
海边语文六年级选修课讲义第二讲:《水浒传》阅读专题 《水浒传》内容提要 历史演义小说与英雄传奇小说 历史演义小说和英雄传奇小说有什么异同呢? 《水浒传》成书及作者
【例题1】下列名著中属于英雄传奇小说的是哪一部() A.《三国演义》 B.《水浒传》 C.《西游记》 D.《红楼梦》 【例题2】中国古典名著《水浒传》梁山起义的故事所发生的朝代是()A.明代 B.清代 C.宋代 D.三国 《水浒传》经典情节回放 【武松打虎】 【鲁提辖拳打镇关西】 【林冲误入白虎堂】 【林冲风雪山神庙雪夜上梁山】 【智取生辰纲】 【杨志卖刀】 【宋江怒杀阎婆惜】
《水浒传》主要英雄人物介绍 1.鲁智深 原名鲁达,宋渭州经略使种师中帐下提辖官,生得身长八尺、腰阔十围、面圆耳大、鼻直口方,腮边一部络腮胡须,为人性如烈火,好打抱不平,因三拳打死镇关西,为避祸出走,后在五台山文殊院出家为僧,因背上刺有花绣,故此江湖上人送绰号“花和尚”。他爱憎分明,慷慨大方,率直粗犷,勇而有谋,粗中有细。 2.武松 称号“行者”,因为排行第二,又名武二、武二郎,河北邢台清河县(有记载武松早是阳谷县人,经近期考证为今邢台市清河县人)人,是《水浒传》的重要主角。他是陕西大侠铁臂膀周侗的弟子,其武艺高强,有勇有谋,是一个下层侠义之士,崇尚的是忠义,有仇必复,有恩必报,他是下层英雄好汉中最富有血性和传奇色彩的人物。豪放、倔强、机智、勇敢。 3.宋江 字公明,绰号及时雨、呼保义、黑三郎。在《水浒传》中,宋江原为山东郓城县一刀笔小吏,字公明,绰号及时雨。面目黝黑,身材矮小,平素为人仗义,挥金如土,好结交朋友,以及时雨而天下闻名。因晁盖等黄泥冈劫生辰纲贩卖枣子之事事发,宋江把官军何清追捕的消息告知晁盖。及晁盖等上梁山后,遣刘唐送来书信(招文袋)及五十两黄金酬谢。不料,此信落入其妾阎婆惜之手。无奈,宋江怒杀阎婆惜,发配江州,与李逵等相识。却又因在浔阳楼题反诗而被判成死罪。幸得梁山好汉搭救,在刑 场把宋江救上梁山,坐了副头 领。后在攻打曾头市时,晁盖 眼中毒箭而亡,遂坐上头把交 椅。日后,宋江率众为朝廷招 安。在历次讨伐其他起义军的 过程中,梁山好汉死伤甚众,
专八写作讲义 八级写作复习要点: ?写长法(平时自己争取写到500字;将我们讲到的近年真题都要模写一遍,并与我们后面的分析和范文比较得失) ?本核心教程 ?扩展阅读任何一本托福雅思写作参考书(考前1个月突击背诵该书中所有例子即可) 词汇和句型: ?1)务必将本讲稿中所有范老师本人范文(见附录)以及学生样文、其他参考文章视作一个核心资源库,学习掌握所有动词句型结构。 ?2)熟练掌握开头、结尾的基本方法和各种类型段落的写作要点。 ?3)熟练掌握讲稿最后的谚语警句的附录。我的4篇长篇范文见附录:囊括了重要前沿句型和长句的风格示范,应熟练背诵后学会写长句的感觉。然后在此基础上写2+1模式。 整体八级突击战术: ?请大家在复习阅读、翻译过程中注意背诵和吸收好的词汇、例子和句型,这样和写作结合起来的整体战术对你全面突破八级最为有意义。 ?“书上有路勤为径”—奋斗100天 常见写作主要问题和错误类型 ?单词拼写错误;同义词替换不够,单词过于重复;句型变化不够;连词使用过少导致段内逻辑关系不够清晰;主体论述部分的分论点过于交叉或接近;不知道如何写中间论述段落,不知道如何展开。 ?审题不认真(后面我们将通过分析真题解析如何审读题目) 当您写作文时,应注意以下几个方面: ?1.使用了正确的语法结构,比方说,动词时态一致、主谓一致、用词准确(尤其是名词、动词、形容词)、冠词错误和介词错误。 2.句式有变化: 定语从句,状语从句,强调句,被动句等优先考虑。尤其“四大句型”。 3.使用了一定的词汇量。 4.拼写没有错误。 5.在每段的主题句中都表明了这个段落的中心思想,所有扩展句都紧扣主题。 6.使用了过渡性词语,因而句子之间和段落之间都有逻辑性和条理性。 7.每一段话都得到充分的展开。 8.提供了足够的细节、例子或推理性论据。 9.明确的观点。 10 . 注意书法;尽可能不要分字;写大概10至12个字一行,这样可限制自己字体不会太大,字与字之间的空位也不会太大,而且数字时也比较方便;尽量选择粗线条的原子笔和蓝色墨水。心理学来说,较粗的笔迹令人有较深的印象,但不可太粗,而蓝色