高中英语语法讲解不定式
（The Infinitive）
定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。E.g.He want his students to read the book aloud.
A．
1不定式的构成（以动词do为例）
主动形式被动形式
一般式to do to be done
完成式to have done to have been done
进行式to be doing 无
完成进行式to have been doing 无
2 不定式的意义
不定式的一般式(to do)
一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后My wish is to become a doctor
He seemed to be tired.
She stopped to have a rest.
不定式的被动式(to be done)
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式.
The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.
I am going to Beijing,I have something to take to my parents,do you have something to be taken to your parents?
如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时,不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.（to be doing）
They are said to be building another bridge across the street.
They seemed to be talking about something important.
When I went to his home,he happened to be traveling around the world.
I’m glad to be working with you.
如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式(to have done)；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式(to have been done).
He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.
He thought it a pity not to have invited us.
The assistant seemed to have been fired.
He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.
Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties.
如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.
They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang.
We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.
B.用法：
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
一、不定式做主语：
1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。===动名词doing表示习惯的，经常的动作。
e.g:To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To do such things is foolish.
To see is to believe.(对等)
注:1).不定式作主语时,谓语用单数
2).当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
(1)It is/was+adj.+of sb.to do…
(2)It is+adj.+for sb.+to do…
It is easy/difficult/hard/foolish/unwise/right/wrong/unnecessary
(3)it is+a+名词+to do...
It is a pity/a pleasure/a pleasant thing/one’s duty/an honor/a shame/a crime/no easy job…to do
It takes(sb.)some time/courage/patien ce…to do…
It requires courage/patience/hard work…to do…
*注意:probable和possible均可作表语，但possible可以用不定式作真实主语，而probable 不能用不定式作真实主语。
It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(错）
It is possible for him to come to the meeting.
It is possible/probable that he will come to the meeting.
二、不定式做表语
主语是以aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task等为中心词的名词词组或以what引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容,不定式作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。
eg My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
Your mistake was not to write that letter.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
三动词不定式作宾语
以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：
ask,agree,care,choose,demand,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan, prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语
口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）
想要学习早打算（want learn plan）
快准备有希望（prepare hope wish expect）
同意否供选择（agree offer choose）
决定了已答应（decide be determined promise）
尽力去着手做（manage undertake）
别拒绝别假装（refuse pretend）
失败不是属于你（fail）
e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.
We hope to get there before dark.
The girl decided to do it herself.
*注意:某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同的有
stop go on remember forget
regret try mean can’t help
be used to
四．动词不定式做定语
1．.不定式作定语需要后置。
2.作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词存在着两种主要的逻辑关系，即被修饰的名词和代词是不定式的逻辑主语（逻辑上的主谓关系）或逻辑宾语（逻辑上的动宾关系）1）不定式前的名词是它的逻辑主语。
He is the doctor to do the operation.
2)不定式和它所修饰的名词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
I have a lot of things to do.
3）不定式前的名词是它修饰的对象。
This is the right time to start.
注意．如果不定式所修饰的词是way或place,介词可省略。
He has no way to go(by).This is the best place to work(at)
五．宾语补足语
He want you to be his assistant.I saw her cross the street.
[注1]如果谓语动词为感官动词或使役动词，则作宾补的不定式不可带to，这些动词有see,hear,feel,watch,notice;have,make,let等。
I felt my blood run cold.What made you think like that?
但如果句子是被动语态，则to不可省略。
He was made to clean the windows as a punishment.
Someone was heard to come up the stairs.
[注2]1.谓语动词help后可接带to或不带to的不定式作宾补。用不带to的不定式表示帮助者直接参与动作；用带to的不定式表示主语没有直接参与动作。
They helped me carry the boxes.
This kind of soap will help you to wash the clothes more easily.
2.在美式英语或非正式文体中，help后用作宾补的不定式均不带to。
3.help后可以直接用带to或不带to的不定式作宾语。
They helped(to)carry the furniture upstairs.
[注3]look at及listen to后用作宾补的不定式不带to（这主要是美式英语）。
We have been listening to the radio tell a long story.
六．表语补足语当不定式与主语存在逻辑上动宾关系的时候，用主动表被动。
That is hard to say.The chair is comfortable to sit in.
七．不定式做状语
不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
1、表目的e.g.To learn a foreign language well,you must try your best(主语一致)
He came here to attend an important meeting.
He came here in order to see Charlie.
I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him
注：表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，这也是区别于其他功能的标志之一。
*但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式可以是to,in order to，但却不可以是so as to.”,”To draw maps properly,you need a special pen.
In order to draw maps properly,you need a special pen.
To get the best results,use clean water.
To be elected monitor of our class,he gave money to us.
*放在句末时，to do表示目的，不可有“，”若有用doing表示伴随的目的
e.g.He bowed to us to thank us for helping him find the way.
He worked day and night,hoping to finish the work beforehand.
注：1.不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语(主语一致)
e.g.He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.
He went home to see his mother.
例外e g He opened the door for the children to come in.
They sent a man to mend the window.
2、表结果
不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型
①so…as to…
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle/tell me the time?
②such(…)as to…
I’m not such a fool as to beli eve that.
③adj./adv.+enough to…
The boy is old enough to go to school.
④too…to…
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
（5）only to find,only to be told出乎意料之外的结果
3．原因不定式可以用于动词、形容词或-ed分词后表示原因。
He was too excited to get high marks.
八．同位语
Is this your purpose,to avoid being punished?
九．独立成分
To tell you the truth,I don’t like you.They arrived here at 11:55 a.m.,to be exact. 类似的有：to be frank坦率地说，to hear him talk听他说话的口气，to cut a long story short 长话短说，等等。
C
不定式的各种结构
1．宾格词+不定式
1）普通结构此结构中的宾格词为名词或代词的宾格，宾格词是谓语动词的宾语，同时又是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式和宾格词一起构成复合宾语。
I want Henry to come.She expects this to be true.I heard them sing yesterday.
2)“there to be+宾格词”结构
此结构的宾格词仍是不定式的逻辑主语，只是它位于不定式to be的后面。
I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding.
3)各种形式的不定式都可以用于此种结构中。
The judge wanted the man to be punished.
He expected each of his students to be working hard for the coming exam.
2．主格词+不定式
当上一种结构变为被动语态时，就出现了此种结构，此结构中，不定式都要带to，主格
词是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式在句中作主语补足语。
They are allowed to go.←We allowed them to go.
He was seen to enter the store.←I saw him enter the store.
3．for+宾格词+不定式
此结构中，宾格词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种结构在句中可作：
1）主语It is difficult for us to learn a second foreign language.
2）宾语I consider it necessary for her to learn French.
3）表语The best thing is for us to make our own decision.
4）定语There is a lot of work for us to do.
5）状语He opened the door for the car to enter.
The book is too easy for them to read.
4．with/without+宾格词+不定式
此结构在句中常作原因状语，宾格词是不定式的逻辑宾语。
With so much work to do,I shall not be able to watch the match with you.
Without anything to eat,he died of hunger.
5．疑问词+不定式此结构相当于名词词组，在句中可作：
1）主语When to visit that farm has not been decided yet.
2）宾语We must know how to operate this machine.
3）表语The problem now is how to collect enough money.
4）同位语The problem what to do next is unknown.
注意intend,plan,hope,expect,mean,promise,want,think,wish,were(was),would like,should like+不定式完成式，可表过去没有实现的愿望，期待和计划。
He intended to have come.=He intended to come,but he didn’t.
She wished to have bought a car.=She wished to buy a car,but she didn’t.
I meant to have called on you,but I was too busy.
She hoped to have passed the exam.(but she didn’t)
I would like to have gone abroad.(but I didn’t)
D
不定式的否定式
通常是在不定式前加not，表示较强的否定意义时可用never。
I told him not to touch the equipment.You must promise never to do that again.
E特殊动词不定式的“省略与保留”
一、不定式符号的省略与保留
1.在had better,would rather,would rather...than,would sooner...than,
cannot but,why(not)等结构后面的不定式符号to通常被省略。如:
You’d better tell her the truth.你最好告诉她真相。
2.动词不定式短语作介词but,except,besides的宾语,且介词之前有行为动词do或它的其它形式时,不定式符号to通常被省略。如:
What do you like to do besides swim?
除了游泳,你还喜欢干什么?
My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.
妈妈只好等着医生的到来。
Now he had given himself no choice but to tell her.(本句中不定式符号to不可省略) 当时他毫无选择的余地,只好告诉她了。
3.两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时,后面不定式短语的不定式符号to通常被省略;如果表示对比关系,则不定式中的不定式符号to通常要保留。如:
They didn’t tell me whether to go on or to stop.(对比关系)
他们没有告诉我是继续下去还是停止。
She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.(并列关系) 她让孩子待在那里等她回来。
4.在某些感官动词或使役动词(如hear,listen to,notice,observe,see,watch,
make等)之后充当宾语补足语的不定式中,不定式符号to总是被省略,但在被动语态的句子中,不定式符号to通常要保留。如:
They made that man work all the morning.
他们让那个人干了一个早晨。
That man was made to work all the morning.
那个人被要求干了一个早晨。
5.不定式短语作表语,不定式符号to常常要保留,但当what引导的名词性从句作主语,或all,everything等后接定语从句作主语,从句谓语部分含有动词do或do的其他形式时,作表语的不定式可以保留也可省略不定式符号to。如:
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.
最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。
The only thing I can do now is(to)go on by myself.
我现在唯一能做的就是靠自己继续进行下去。
二、不定式符号后面动词的省略与保留
1.为了避免重复,在hope,wish,want,like,love,decide,plan,mean,prefer,
want,have to,be able to,be going to,used to,ought to等动词及习语后面出现与上文相同的不定式时,常保留不定式符号to,而把其它部分省略。如:
Ms King lied to us because she had to.
金女士跟我们撒了谎,因为她不得不这样做。
－I heard that you would go to Dalian for your holiday.
我听说你要去大连度假。
－I planned to,but I have some important business to deal with.
我原计划去的,但有重要的事情要处理。
2.当不定式在ask,advise,persuade,wish,allow,permit,tell,expect,force,
invite,beg等动词后面充当宾语补足语时,为了避免重复,常保留不定式符号,而把后面的动词省略。如:
She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to.
她想来,但她的父母不允许。
If he doesn’t want to go there,don’t force him to.
如果他不想去那里,别强迫他。
He didn’t come,though we had invited him to.
虽然我们邀请了他,但他没来。
－Did your husband give up smoking?
你丈夫戒烟了吗?
－No.He was advised to,but he wouldn’t listen.
没有。有人劝过他,但他就是不听。
3.在特定的上下文中,为了避免重复,如果不定式为一般式to be...或完成式to have done 时,则不定式符号to和be或have常一并保留,be或have之后的部分通常要省略。如:
－Aren’t you the headmaster?
你难道不是校长吗?
－No,and I don’t want to be.
我不是,而且我也不想当。
－Has n’t he finished writing the report?
难道他还没写完报告吗?
－No,but he ought to have.
是的,但他本来应该写完。
F
常见的含有动词不定式的句式主要有以下几种：
一.
It takes sb.some time（money）to do sth.
某人花费多少时间（金钱）做某事。例如：
1.It often takes me half an hour to watch TV every evening.
每天晚上我常常用半小时看电视。
2.It took me ten yuan to buy the book last week.
上周我花了10元买那本书。
3.How long will it take them to finish the work?
完成那项工作需要花费他们多少时间？
在使用该句式要注意的是：sb.如果代词表示用宾格；take随时态改变；句中的时间用段时间，对此提问用how long。
例：It takes us more than two hours to do our homework every day.
It took us more than two hours to do our homework yesterday.
It will take us more than two hours to do our homework tomorrow.
How long did it take you to do your homework yesterday?
二.It’s time to do sth.该做某事了，同义句为：
It’s time for sth./doing sth.例：
It’s tim e to go to school.该上学了。
（It’s time for school.）
It’s time to get up.该起床了。
（It’s time for getting up.）
此句可以扩展为：It’s time for sb.to do sth.
是某人做某事的时间了。
for sb.to do sth.是动词不定式的复合结构。例：
It’s time for me to work.
到我工作的时间了。
It’s time for you to go to school.
到你们上学的时间了。
三.主语＋be（not）+adj.+enough to do sth.
（某人、某物）足够（不能）做某事。例：
The boy is old enough to go to school.
这个孩子到了上学年龄。
I’m tall enough to reach the top of the tree.
我够高能够到树顶。
*1.此句是肯定句时，可以用主＋be＋so＋adj.＋that的句型（即so…,that…表示的结果状语从句）来替换。
The boy is so old that he can go to school.
I’m so tall that I can reach the top of the tree.
2.此句是否定句式时，既可以用so…that…引导的结果状语从句来替换，还可以用too…to…句式替换。例：
He is not old enough to go to work.
他太小不能去上班。
He is so young that he can’t go to work.
He is too young to go to work.再如：
The box is not light enough for me to carry.
这个箱子太重我搬不动。
The box is too heavy for me to carry.
The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
四.sb.+be ready+to do sth.（某人乐意做某事）
He is always ready to help others.
（他总是乐于帮助别人）
I’m always ready to make new friends.
我总是乐于结交新朋友。
五.It’s+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.
对某人来说做某事…例：
It’s dangerous for children to play football in the street.
对孩子来说在街上踢足球是很危险的。
It’s good for us to take more exercise.
对我们来说多运动是有益的。
It’s very kind of you to say so.
你这样说真是太好了。
It’s very kind of you to help me.
你真好，肯帮我。
该句式中，引导动词不定式的逻辑主语的介词用for还是of，主要取决于前面的形容词。如果形容词是描述动词不定式的行为者的性格、品质的。如：kind,good,nice,wrong,right,clever,careless,foolish等，应用of；如果形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对动词不定式的行为者的品质进行评价的，就用for.常见这类形容词有difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous等。
It’s wrong of you to do it.
你做这件事是错的。
It’s hard for you to be a lawyer.
对你来说做律师很困难。
六.主+would like/love to do sth.…喜欢（想做某事）
I’d like to go there with you.
我很想和你一起去那。
I’d love I like to help you study English.
我很愿意帮你学英语。
此句式还可以扩展为：
would like/love sb.to do sth.
“喜欢/想让某人做某事。”
I’d like yo u to stay here.
我想让你留在这。
I’d like them to help me.
我想让他们帮助我。
七.had better do sth.（…最好做…）
It’s very cold outside,you’d better put on your coat.
外面很冷，你最好穿上大衣。
We’d better go right now.
我们最好马上去。
…had better do的否定式为…had better not do.（在better后加not即可）例：You’d b etter not speak when your mouth is full of food.
满嘴食物时你最好别讲话。
八.Why don’t you+动词原形+…？（Why not＋动词原形…？）你为什么不…？
这本书有点难，为什么不读些容易的？
This book is a bit hard,why not read something easier?
It’s warm here,why don’t you take off your coat?
这很暖和，你为什么不脱掉外衣？
There is a seat,why not sit down?
还有座位，怎么不坐下？
九.Would/Will/Could you please＋动词原形＋…？
请你…好吗？（用来请求对方为自己做某件事）
Would you please bring some water with you?
请你带点水来好吗？
Will you please help her with her maths?
请你帮她学数学好吗？
十.…prefer…to do sth.rather than do sth.…宁愿…也不愿…
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁愿呆在家里，也不愿出去。
She prefers to be poor rather than get money in such a way.
她宁愿受穷也不愿以这种方式挣钱。
十一.It’s one’s turn to do sth.
该轮到谁做某事了。
one’s用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来替换。例：
It’s my turn to be on duty.
该轮到我值日了。
It’s Li Ping’s turn to clean the blackboard.
该轮到李平擦黑板了。
It’s our turn to do the cleaning.
该轮到我们做扫除了。
It’s Danny’s turn to give a talk.
该轮到Danny做报告了。
十二.主语＋be＋形容词＋to do sth.…做某事如何。例：
I’m sorry to hear that.
听到这事很难过。
I’m glad to see you again.
再次见到你我很高兴
G
1.The teacher told them________make so much noise.
A.don’t
B.not
C.will not
D.not to
2.Our master often told us_______things for granted.
A.not to have
B.not to take
C.didn’t take
D.not to make
3.Tell him_______the window.
A.to shut not
B.not to shut
C.to not shut
D.not shut
4.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him______.
A.not to
B.not to do
C.not do it
D.do not to
5.Mrs Smith warned her daughter________after drinking.
A.never to drive
B.to never drive
C.never driving
D.never drive
6.The patient was warned_______oily food after the operation.
A.to eat not
B.eating not
C.not to eat
D.not eating
7.The workers want us________together with them.
A.work
B.working
C.to work
D.worked
8.They would not allow him________across the enemy line.
A.to risk going
B.risking to go
C.for risk to go
D.risk going
9.I saw him_______out of the room.
A.go
B.had gone
C.has gone
D.goes
10.They knew her very well.They had seen her_______up from childhood.
A.grow
B.grew
C.was growing
D.to grow
11.I’ve heard him_______about you often.
A.spoke
B.speaks
C.speak
12.Though he had often made his little sister_______,today he was made______by his little sister.
A.cry；to cry
B.crying；crying
C.cry；cry
D.to cry；cry
13.He was made_________.
A.go
B.gone
C.going
D.to go
14.John was made_______the truck for a week as a punishment.
A.to wash
B.washing
C.wash
D.to be washing
15.Paul doesn’t have to be made_______.He always works hard.
A.learn
B.to learn
C.learned
D.learning
16.There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t ma ke up my mind_______to buy.
A.what
B.which
C.how
D.where
17.There isn’t any difference between the two.I really don’t know_________.
A.where to choose
B.which to choose
C.to choose what
D.to choose which
18.“Have you decided when________?”
“Yes,tomorrow morning.”
A.to leave
B.to be leaving
C.will you leave
D.are you leaving
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b9884958.html,st summer I took a course on________.
A.how to make dresses
B.how dresses be made
C.how to be made dresses
D.how dresses to be made
20.He doesn’t know______to stay or not.
A.whether
B.if
C.either
D.if he will
21.She pretended_______me when I passed by.
A.not to see
B.not seeing
C.to not see
D.having not seen
22.---The light in the office is still on.
---Oh,I forgot_______.
A.turning it off
B.turn it off
C.to turn it off
D.having turned it off
23.We agreed_________here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A.having met
B.meeting
C.to meet
D.to have met
24.Little Jim should love_______to the theatre this evening.
A.to be taken
B.to take
C.being taken
D.taking
25.I would love______to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish
a report.
A.to go
B.to have gone
C.going
D.having gone
26.Frank is the kind of person who people like to________.
A.make friend with
B.make friends of
C.make friends
D.make friends with
27.Go on________the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A.to do
B.doing
C.with
D.to be doing
28.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_______on a big rock by the side of the path.
A.to have rested
B.resting
C.to rest
D.rest
29.Tom kept quiet about the accident________lose his job.
A.so not as to
B.so as not to
C.so as to not
D.not so as to
30.I need a day or two________.
A.to think it over
B.to think over
C.of thinking
31.He was too excited_________.
A.speak
B.to speak
C.not to speak
D.speaking
32.Charles Babbage is generally considered________the first computer.
A.to invent
B.inventing
C.to have invented
D.having invented
33.He said he would rather not_______it right now.
A.doing
B.to do
C.do
D.to be doing
34.Rather than_______on a crowded bus,he always prefers_______a bicycle.
A.ride；ride
B.riding；ride
C.ride；to ride
D.to ride；riding
35.It’s freezing outside.You_______put on your overcoat.
A.had better to
B.had better
C.would better
D.would better to
36.The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to_______.
A.sit
B.sit on
C.be sit
D.be sat on
37.I’m hungry.Get me something_________.
A.eat
B.to eat
C.eating
D.for eating
38.---I usually go there by train.
---Why not_______by boat for a change?
A.to try going
B.trying to go
C.to try and go
D.try going
39.She did nothing_______at the photo.
A.except look
B.but to look
C.except to look
D.but looking
40.I asked him to_______me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems
A.spend
B.spare
C.save
D.share
41.They won’t let their teach er_______in that way.
A.to be treated
B.being treated
C.treated
D.be treated
42.John,you must get your room________after breakfast.
A.to be cleaned
B.to clean
C.cleaning
D.cleaned
43.The problem_______at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one.
A.being discussed
B.discussed
C.to be discussed
D.to discuss
44.He reached the station_____only_____that the train had just left.
A.tired；learned
B.tiring；learning
C.to tire；to learn
D.tired；to learn
45.---Did that book give the information you needed?
---Yes,but______,we had to read it almost entirely.
A.for finding it
B.to find it
C.finding it
D.by finding it
46.I’m sorry I forgot______your dictionary.Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.
A.to take
B.taking
C.to bring
D.bringing
47.She couldn’t decide which restaurant_______.
A.to have lunch
B.to eat
C.to eat at
D.eating at
48.This problem is said_____three times.
A.to have been talked
B.to have discussed
C.having been discussed
D.to have been talked about
49.Everybody believed the man______away the diamond ring.
A.be taken
B.taking
C.to take
D.to have taken
50.I prefer____rather than______.
A.read；watch
B.to read；watch
C.reading；to watch
D.to read；to watch
51.______in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is really a hard nut．A．To make high scores B．Making high scores
C．To make low goal D．Making low goal
[参考答案]
1-5 DBBAA 6-10 CCAAA 11-15 CADAB 16-20 BBAAA
21-25 ACCAB 26-30 DACBA 31-35 BCCCB 36-40 BBDAB
41-45 DDCDB 46-50 CCDDBA
解析：
1．tell sb.not to do sth告诉某人不做某事
2．take sth for granted“把某事想当然”，是一个固定词组。Eg.You shouldn’t take it for granted that everyone should help you.你不要认为每个人都理应帮助你。
4.不定式的省略要保留到to,否则就完整地表达，如:…but his mother told him not to do so.
5.warn sb not to do sth.此处用never替代not.
8.allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事；risk doing sth冒险做某事
9.see sb do sth看见某人做某事
12.make sb do让某人做某事，但用于被动结构后，则要用不定式符号to连接。
16．which用于有范围中的“哪一个”，此处作buy的宾语。
18．when+to do做decide的宾语，若用when引导宾语从句，用陈述句语序。
21.pretend to do假装做某事。
22．forget to do sth忘记（要）做某事。
24．should love to be taken to…愿意被带去……
25．因为状语是last night，用不定式的完成式表示本想……
27.go on to do sth.继续做（与原来不相同的）事。此句可以从the other exercise断定。28．stop to do sth.停下来（去）做……
32．被动语态后用不定式连接，根据句意用完成式。
33.would rather not do sth.宁愿不做某事。
34.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做……不愿做……
37．to eat此处作something的定语。for+doing多表用途。
38.why not do sth…“为什么不……”；try doing sth试一试
39．Do nothing but do sth,此处用except替代but
40.spare sb.sth匀出、腾出……，宾语为sb.；share分享，宾语为sth.
41.let sb do,此处用的是被动语态
42．get sth.done让某事被做
44．tired此处是过去分词，表示主语的状态。only to learn…此处的不定式表结果。45．此处的to find it,表示目的
47.to eat at the restaurant,介词at不能丢
48.此处使用的是不定式的完成被动式。表示“曾经被讨论过三次”。
高中英语语法讲解不定式 （The Infinitive） 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 E.g. He want his students to read the book aloud. A． 1不定式的构成（以动词do为例） 2 不定式的意义 不定式的一般式(to do ) 一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后My wish is to become a doctor He seemed to be tired. She stopped to have a rest. 不定式的被动式 (to be done) 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken to your parents? 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.（to be doing） They are said to be building another bridge across the street. They seemed to be talking about something important. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. I’m glad to be working with you. 如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done). He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He thought it a pity not to have invited us. The assistant seemed to have been fired. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties. 如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.
专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表：
巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法 语法体现语言的规律,学好英语离不开语法学习。其中，动词的用法是重点，也是难点。对于谓语动词和非谓语动词的用法，学生普遍感到困难。学生感到50多个动词，用法难以掌握，但调整了单词的排列顺序，根据汉意编写顺口溜会方便记忆： （一）跟不定时作宾语的动词有： 打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish) 决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help) 设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt) 选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn) 告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford) 不定式宾语要牢记！ （二）跟动名词作宾语的动词有： 考虑（consider）完成（finish）多练习（practise） 避免（avoid）冒险（risk）求建议（suggest/recoomend） 面对（face）喜欢（enjoy/appreciate）和介意(mind) 允许（allow）承认（admit/permit）或放弃(give up/abandon) 推迟（put off/delay/postphone）逃避（escape）不原谅（excuse/pardon）提及（mention）坚持(keep/insist on）要想象（imagine/fancy） 还有词组feel like 和can’t stand！ 瞧！，我们就这样快快乐乐地记住了吧！ （三）在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require， stop, mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同，巧记一句话（记住努力；后悔忘记；需要停止；很有意义），学习采用对比法： remember to do something记着去做某事（现在还没有做） remember doing something记着曾做过某事（以前做过某事） try to do something努力、尽力做某事 try doing something试着做某事（看能否达到预期的结果） stop to do something开始做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一事） stop doing something停止做某事（停止正在做的事） regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜 regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔
初二英语语法：动词不定式详解及习题 一..不定式的构成：to+ 动词原形 二不定式的特征：不定式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词，形容词，和副词的特征，可以在句子中作主语，表语，宾语。宾语补足语，定语，和状语。现将用法归纳如下。 （一）、动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有： (1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth. (2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth (3)It takes sb some time to do sth (4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.句式 注意：当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is…to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。(错)It is to believe to see. It's for sb.和It's of sb. 1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult,interesting, impossible等： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 （二）、动词不定式作宾语 1. He wants to buy some vegetables. 2. Don't forget to bringyour homework with you when you come to school. 3. He found it very difficult ______. 常接不定式作宾语的动词;want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，seem，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面 Sb + V + it （形式宾语）+ agj （形容词）+to+ V（宾语）注意无BE动词。 (三)、动词不定式作宾语补足语 Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends to cook Chinese food. He found it very difficult to learn English well. 不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow 等。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面 Sb + V + it （形式宾语）+ agj （形容词）+to+ V（宾语）注意无be动词。 (四)、动词不定式作状语 .She went to visit her teacher. go，come，try，do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。be +形容词+ to do sth＂结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。 too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do…＂(太……而不能……)和＂enough (for sb) to do…＂(足以、足够……做……)结构中，不定式作结果状语。 so\such......... that........如此......以致......的用法及与其它句型的互换. A.Sb\Sth +be\ V+ so + adj\adv (a\an+adj +n)+that + can't\couldn't......... = Sb\Sth +be\ V+ too+adj\adv(for+Sb\Sth)+to+V ...... .....如此......以致....=太而.....不能.....
动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth句型中，表示说话人对客观事件的决断，意为：做…..是……的，it仅作形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth It is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的 It is useful to read.看书是有用的 It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康的 It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.解出这道题对我来说有点难 It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的 It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的 It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪，与It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth的意义不同。 It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．你能告诉我事实，真是太好了 It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．他做那件傻事，真是太笨了 It is very clever of you to work out this question. 你能解出这道题目，真是太聪明了 It is very wise of you to read this novel. 你看这本小说，真是太明智了 这个句型中用介词of而不是for的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。 类似的词有：careless，careful，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid，friendly 因此区分是用It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth还是It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth，要
English语法之不定式及名词后加动词不定式 在English语法中，动词不定式是动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。基本形式是to+动词原形，部分词和词组不带to也表达不定式。之所以叫做不定式，是因为动词不被限定、或者说不被词形变化所局限。不定式属于非谓语动词，即不能单独作谓语。但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性，也可以理解此类动词形式为不定式状态的动词。动词不定式及其短语有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出,这一使动者称之为逻辑主语。 动词不定式可以作多种句子成分。 在外语学习的课程中，"动不式"的一般现在时被称作“词典用词”，因为它一般被用作词典中该动词的词头。 对于英语来说接不定式的单词多为“打算”“计划”“希望”“将要”等表示未来的动词。同样与不定时表示不同的动词不定式表示正在进行，一般性或经常发生性的行为。 A.不带to的不定式有四种情况： 1、1、let, make, have等使役动词后。 例如： Let us go!出发 The boss made the child labors work the whole night.老板逼迫童工整夜 劳作 注意：这些情况在被动语态中，不可省to. 例如：The child labors were made to work the whole night. 2、would rather, had better后。
例如：You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家 3、w hy…/w hy not…后。 例如：Why not have a happy rest on Sunday? 不定式的否定式是not to do.. / never to do..，不带to的不定式的否定式是not do.../ never do.. 例如：His parents tell him never to drive after drinking.他的父母告诉他酒后严禁驾驶 4.感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find，notice等后作宾语补足语。 例如: I saw her dance.我看到她在舞 除以上四种情况之外，都不得省略to B. 动词不定式的复合结构 动词不定式的复合结构是“for sb. to do sth. / of sb. to do sth.” for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。 例如：
动词不定式专题复习 动词不定式的形式： 动词不定式的用法 1.不定式作主语 ⑴原则上，可用动词不定式直接作句子的主语，通常用it作句子的形式主语，而把不定式移到后面，形成“It + 谓语… + 动词不定式…”的句型。如： To catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea. It is not a good idea to catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning. To learn a foreign language well takes painstaking efforts. It takes painstaking efforts to learn a foreign language well. ⑵若要说明不定式的动作的执行者，可以在不定式前面加上“for + 名词或代词”结构，或是“of + 名词或代词”结构。 It is a great pleasure for me to talk with him. It is very kind of you to help me . ⑶可用于“of + 名词/代词 + 动词不定式”结构中作主语补足语的形容词是指那些可以表示人或事物的性质或品质的好坏的形容词。这些词如：careful， cruel， foolish， bold， brave， good， honest， kind， rude，polite， nice，stupid， selfish， silly， wicked， wise， thoughtful， wrong等。 2.不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种情况：一是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，二是“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”。 ⑴“动词+带to的不定式”结构：常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford， appear， agree， ask， believe，decide， demand， desire， fail， hope， intend，learn， mean， offer， promise，refuse， wish等。如： I can‘t afford to buy a house. ⑵“动词+疑问代（副）词+不定式”结构：常见的这类动词有advise， decide， forget， know， learn， remember，see， tell， think， teach， wonder，discover， understand， guess， explain等。这类疑问代（副）词what， when， which， where， how， whether等（不包含why）。如： She does not know how to go there. He will tell you how to deal with it. ⑶在不定式作宾语时，有时我们会使用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面。如： They consider it inappropriate to have classes in the evening. （4）可以作形容词的宾语。这一类形容词有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious等。例如： I”m determined to give up smoking. He is willing to help us. （5）在tell, advise, allow, forbid, learn, show, decide等词的后面常用“连接词+不定式”作宾语。例如： We must decide whether to go or stay. I don”t know how to get in touch with him.
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 英语语法专项：动词不定式用法归纳及练习答案 动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。 但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。 另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。 动词不定式的肯定形式是 to＋do；其否定形式是 not to＋do。 1．作主语可以直接作主语。 如： To see is to believe．但在英语中，常用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。 如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．（Lesson 10）．点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在 It is ＋adj．（形容词）＋to do sth．或 It is ＋ n．（名词）＋to do sth．句型中，it 仅作形式主语。 2．作宾语 a.以下动词只能 to do 作宾语。 attempt 企图 enable 能够 neglect 忽视 afford 负担得起demand 要求 long 渴望 arrange 安排 mean 意欲，打算 begin 开始 expect 期望 appear 似乎，显得 determine 决定 manage 设法 cease 停止 hate 憎恨，厌恶 pretend 假装 ask 问 need 需要 1/ 7
高中英语动词不定式用法大全(名师总结必考语法知识点，值得下载) 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to pla nt trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介
词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。） 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一
be+不定式动词 be+不定式动词”在不同情况下，可以表示很多种不同的语义。下面便是其中九种： 一、表示坚决的命令。例如： 1. This naughty boy is to stay here until the class is over. 2. No one is to enter this building without the permission of the security guard. 二、表示计划”或安排的事项”例如： 3. Betty is to be married soon. 4. An in sura nee age nt is to meet us this after noon. 三、表示可能性”例如： 5. Are you to pay the debt for your wife? 6. The lovely puppy is no where to be found. 四、表示意图”或打算”例如： 7. If you are to be there on time, you had better hurry. 8. If all of us are to rema in frie ndly, we must be sin cere with one ano ther. 五、表示应该”例如： 9. You have done so well. You are to be rewarded. 10. Such n asty questi ons are to be avoided. 六、表示不可避免”例如： 11. Anne was won deri ng what was to become of her boy frie nd. Tommy. 12. The murderer was senten ced to life impris onment and was n ever to see his family aga in. 七、表示假设”例如： 13. If I were to do it, I would do it well. 14. Even if you were to take a taxi now, you would not be able to arrive at your destination on time. 八、有期待将来”的含意。例如： 15. The actual usef uln ess of the n ewly inven ted equipme nt is still to be
英语语法-动词不定式的特征 1、不定式可以有动词的特征，即不定式有时态和语态的变化： ①一般式： 不定式的一般式所表示的动作与限定动词动作同时发生或发生在限定动词动作之后。 I'm glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。（glad与meet两个动作同时发生） He seems to know a lot. 他好像知道很多。（seem与know两个动作同时发生） He wants to be an artist. 他想做一名艺术家。（to be an artist这个动作发生在want之后） ②进行式： 不定式的进行式所表示的动作与限定动词动作同时发生。 The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装正在努力工作。 They seem to be discussing problems in the room. 他们好像在房间里讨论问题。 ③完成式： 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词动作之前。 I regretted to have told the truth. 我后悔说实话了。（to have told发生在regret之前） I happened to have seen the film. 我碰巧看过这部电影。（to have seen发生在happen之前） ④被动式： To be obeyed was natural to her.
她天性要别人听命于她。 The book is intended to be read and not to be torn. 这书是供人阅读而不是供人撕毁的。 2、不定式也有名词性质 不定式的名词性质表现在：在句中可作主语、宾语等。 To be content with little is true happiness. 知足常乐。（做主语） The man,without fuss,agreed to serve as witness. 这个人没有异议，同意作证人。（作宾语）
高中英语语法总结大全之动词不定式不定式作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake 举例： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish… I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3）动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。 不定式作补语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
解读动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语 在中学教科书中，动词不定式是一个非常重要的语法点；在历年高考中，动词不定式是频频考查的要点之一；在学生的学习实践中，动词不定式是琐碎、难学的语法项目之一。为了更熟练、准确、有针对性地掌握此项语法知识，下面把(N)MET对动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语及状语的考查点进行总结、归纳。 I. 不定式作主语 1. 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。例如： It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。 It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。 2. 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同：前者作主语时，常表示某一次具体的动作；而后者常表示习惯性的动作。例如： To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。 Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。 简析: It's ... of sb. to do sth.与It's... for sb. to do sth. 当表语形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语具有某种品质时,常用"It's...of sb. to do sth."。例如：
It's very kind / nice of you to help me。感谢你的帮助。 当表语形容词说明不定式具有某种特征时，应使用 "It's ...for sb. to do sth."。例如： It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中国学生学俄语是很难的。 [高考题例] 1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day A. this B. that C. it D. he 2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned. A. for B. of C. about D. from II. 不定式作宾语 1. 学习不定式作宾语时，要注意掌握四种动词： 1) 后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。 2) 后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等。
动词不定式 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to+动词原形”, 不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不 定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但是有时态和语态的变化。 1，不定式做主语： （1）往往放在谓语的后面，句子则用引导词it作 形式主语。 It is a great pleasure to talk with him. (2)在不定式的前面加一个由for引起的断语说明 不定式表示的动作的执行者。 It is easy for the students to read. （3）在下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常需加由for引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况：kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude, polite, naught. 2,不定式作宾语及复合宾语： （1）有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语，常见 动词有：want, demand, like, hate, hope, begin, seem, fail, help, offer, manage, pretend（假装）, forget, remember, promise, prepare, learn, expect, agree, determine, prefer, intend. （2）有些及物动词常用一个连接代词（副词）加 上动词不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：tell, teach, advise, show, decide, discuss等等。 The teacher taught me how to pronounce the word again and again. （3)有些动词需要复合宾语，动词不定式在复合宾语中作宾语补足语。常见动词有：ask, advise, allow, believe, call on(号召，请求), help, know, like, order, tell, persuade, permit, want. I asked my mother to buy a new bike for me. （4）有些动词的复合宾语中，动词不定时须省掉to，这样的动词有：see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, hear, have, feel, let, make, help. e.g. We wanted to have him come early. They saw the boys play volleyball on the ground after school. 【注意】①help后面的 to可省掉，也可保留。 ②在被动语态的句子中不定式省去的to需要还 原。 Feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,se e,watch,have, let . （5）有些动词复合宾语中的不定式，常用it来表示，真正作宾语的不定式则放在宾语补足语的后面，常见的动词有：find, think, make, consider, feel. Do you consider it right to send our doctors over? 3，不定式作定语： 不定式作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 （1）有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语。这些名词是：campaign(战役)，courage, chance, decision, determination, drive, effort, intention(目的，意图), motive force(动力)，movement, need, opportunity, right, struggle, time, way, wish. (2)有些句子常可以看到不定式作定语的用法。这 类举行常见的有：I usually have a lot of meetings to attend during the summer vacation. He has something important to tell me every day. Sorry, I don’t know you are always the first person to come here. This is not the pen to write with. I have not a friend to talk with. 4，不定式作状语的用法： 不定式作状语，用来修饰动词，表示目的，原因，结果，其位置和一般的状语相同。 （1）表示目的： We went to the airport to welcome the players last Saturday. 【注意】有时不定式表示目的时使用in order to 或 so as to加动词原形，为了表示强调，放在句 首或句尾。 In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day. He took a taxi so as to miss the train. 【注意】不定式作目的状语放在句首时，其表示的目的更加明显突出，有时作为句子独立成分的插入语或习惯用语也是一样。 To tell you the truth, he has gone to Japan. To conclude, he died of cancer. To be fair, she is an honest girl. （2）表示原因： To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a foreigner. 【注意】许多形容词，副词，过去分词作表语时，后面带有不定式作状语，表示产生这种情绪的原因。常见的这类词有：able, angry, anxious, afraid, clever, determined, eager(急于), fit, foolish, free, glad, lucky, cruel, delighted(高兴的), pleased, ready, sorry, sure, willing, happy, shocked(震惊), proud, frightened, fortunate, surprised, disappointed, careful. e.g. You are sure to succeed. The students are anxious to learn a second foreign language. Be careful not to catch cold. (3)下面结构中的形容词后面可带不定式，句子的 主语可以是人，也可以是物。这样的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, comfortable, deep, good. e.g. The new leader is easy to get along with. The river is broad, deep and good to swim in. 5，不定式的时态形式： 动词不定式一般有三种时态形式，即一般式，进行式，完成式。 （1）一般式（to do）：表示的动作通常与主要 谓语动词所表示的动作（状态）同事（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。 I hope to see you again. （2）完成式（to have done）：表示的动作，先 于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态。 I’m glad to have met your parents here. I’m sorry to have kept him waiting for me so long.