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初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法(教案)

初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法(教案)
初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法(教案)

动词不定式用法

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。

下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。

1.作主语

可以直接作主语。如:To see is to believe.

但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如:

It's wrong to play tricks on other people.

It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.

点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj +(for sb.)+(not)to do sth句型中,表示说话人对客观事件的决断,意为:做…..是……的,it仅作形式主语,真正的主语是to do sth

It is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的

It is useful to read.看书是有用的

It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康的

It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.解出这道题对我来说有点难

It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的

It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的

It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪,与It is +adj +(for sb.)+(not)to do sth的意义不同。

It is very kind of you to tell me the truth.你能告诉我事实,真是太好了

It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.他做那件傻事,真是太笨了

It is very clever of you to work out this question. 你能解出这道题目,真是太聪明了

It is very wise of you to read this novel. 你看这本小说,真是太明智了

这个句型中用介词of而不是for的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。

类似的词有:careless,careful,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid,friendly

因此区分是用It is +adj +(for sb.)+(not)to do sth还是It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth,要

清楚adj修饰的是sb还是to do sth

例如:It is nice for me to have breakfast with you(nice是指have breakfast with you这件事)对于我来说,能和你一起吃早餐真好。

It is nice of you to help him with his English.(nice是指you,形容人的品质)你帮他补习英语,真是太好了。

2.作宾语

a.want,decide ,agree,afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decide ,demand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend (有打算),learn,long(渴望),manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear(发誓),undertake(承担),want,wish等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如:

We agreed to start early.

She wants to be a doctor.

b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。

点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。

提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如:

I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。

c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。

点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。

提示板:

1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。

stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。

2)forget to do sth:忘记要去做某事(未做)

forget doing sth:忘记做过某事(已做)

3)remember to do sth:记得去做某事(未做)

remember doing sth:记得做过某事(已做)

4)go on to do sth:接着做另一件事(接下去做与原来不同的一件事)

go on doing sth:继续不停的做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事5)try to do sth:试着做某事(实际上意思是努力想做成某事eg:I tried to escape,but I failed.我努力着想逃走,但是没有成功)

Try doing sth:试着做某事(实际上是为了达到另外一个目的,-------"So hot here,isn't it?" -------"Yes,why not try turning on the air conditioner?" "很热,是吧。" “恩,就是。咱们开开空调吧,看看能不能凉快点儿。”)

例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk.当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。

d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。就是说不定式由it代替,把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达:动词(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+ 形容词+不定式。如:

She considers it necessary to make friends with him.

We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.

The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.

I feel it easy to recite the text.

e. 动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式:

这类动词常见的有advise,decide,find out,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard,remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有: what,when,where,which,how,whether等。

1.He does not know when to start.

2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.

3.I will show you how to deal with it.

3.作宾语补足语

a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如:

I tell him not to go there by bus .

Edison's mother taught him to read and write.

b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch,notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如:

The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.I heard her sing in the next room.

提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如:

They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss.

She was heard to sing in the next room.

4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面

例句:I have a lot of work to do.

He could do nothing to help the boy.

There was really nothing to fear.

He gave me an interesting book to read

点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。

提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如:

I have a small bedroom to live in.

Have you got some pens to write with?

Mary needs a friend to play with.

That girl has nothing to worry about.

They have a strict teacher to listen to.

5.表语:放在连系动词be后面

例句:His wish is to become a scientist.

The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives.

当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。

点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。

6.作状语

a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,in order等词后面。如:

I come to see you.

He runs fast in order to get there in time.

b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,excited等词后面。如:

I am glad to see you here.

I am sorry to trouble you.

c.作结果状语。如:

Some of the apples are hard to reach.

The room is large enough to hold 1000 people.

7.与what,who,whose,when,where,how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如:I don't know what to do next.(宾语)

He taught us how to use the computer.(宾语补足语)

It's still a question how to get there.(主语)

8、在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式。例如:

1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.

9、在had better,would rather,may/might as well,rather than,can not but等搭配之后初中英语语法总结,动词不定式也不带to。例如:

1.Unless you feel to ill to go out,I would rather not stay at home tonight.

2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.

10.在介词but,except之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带to,反之则必须带to,表示“只能”。例如:

1.He will do anything except work on the farm.

2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender.

3.The spy间谍was both hungry and cold;there was nothing left for him but to give in.

4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining.

11、下面一些短语是固定搭配,不带to:

can not help but,can not choose but,can not but,do nothing but,have nothing to do but。例如:

I can not but admire his courage.

如果上述句中有do,to省略:

I did nothing but watch TV last night.

如果是下面一个固定搭配,就带to:

I have no choice but to give up my idea.

12、紧跟在why或why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是,紧跟在who,what,which,whether等连接词后的不定式带to。例如:

Why stand up if you can sit down?

Why not ask your teacher when you don't understand the meaning?

You needn't decide whether to study arts or science.

练习:

单项选择

1. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _________.

A. sit

B. sit on

C. be sat

D. be sat on

2. The purpose of the plan is not to help the employers but ______ work for young people.

A. provide

B. to provide

C. providing

D. provided

3. He arrived at the office early, ______ a good example to the others.

A. set

B. to set

C. to be set

D. having set

4. I'm afraid they would not allow him ________ here.

A. to smoke

B. smoking

C. smokes

D. smoke

5. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _____

A. to find

B. to have found

C. to be found

D. being found

6. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it.

A. boiling

B. boiled

C. boil

D. to boil

7. It took us more than two hours the dinner

A prepare

B preparing

C to prepare

D to be prepared

8. Please remember ______ the plants while I’m away.

A. watering

B. to be watering

C. to water

D. being watering

9. ______ wine, first you must press the grapes.

A. Making

B. To make

C. To be making

D. Make

10. John was made _______ the car for a week as a punishment.

A. to wash

B. washing

C. wash

D. to be washing

11. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.

A. and finished

B. to finish

C. and finishing

D. to finished

12. I’ll have to change my cloth es before I go out —I don’t want ______ like this.

A. to see

B. to be seeing

C. to be seen

D. being seen

13. The workers want us together with them.

A work

B working

C to work

D worked

14. He promised__________ me a nice car.

A. buy

B. to buy

C. bought

D. to have bought

15. He was made

A go

B gone

C going

D to go

16. You’d better ________a rest now.

A. to have

B. have

C. having

D. had

17. I’m hungry.Get me something

A eat

B to eat

C eating

D for eating

18. People must stop ________down trees.

A. to cut

B. cutting

C. cut

19. I would mend your radio, but I don’t know ______.

A. how

B. to

C. how to

D. to how

20. She did nothing at the photo

A except look

B but to look

C except to look

D but looking

21. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _____.

A.to send

B.for sending it

C.to send it to

D.for sending it to

22. “Have you decided when ?””Yes, tomorrow morning”

A to leave

B to be leaving

C will you leave

D are you leaving

23. We agreed here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.

A having met

B meeting

C to meet

D to have met

24. I’d rather_______ a cup of coffee.

A. to have

B. having C have

25. I don’t like traveling by boat, it always makes me ______sick.

A. to feel

B. feeling

C. feel

【参考答案】

1—5 BBBAC 6—10 DCCBA 11—15 BCCBD 16—20 BBBCA 21—25 CACCC

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充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意:在感官动词/使役动词/help后(see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时,可省略“to”) I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. (我看到了他们争论的整个过程) 但,感官动词后面也可接Ving形式,表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. (我看到他们正在争论谁该扫地,并不一定看到了整个过程) 充当状语(目的,原因,结果状语,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致) I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. (目的状语) I’m sorry to bother you.(原因状语) He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. (结果状语,only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果) 充当定语(不定式作定语,要放在所修饰的词的后面) I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say There are 3 questions to answer. 一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”,有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to 当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列(and/or/than)时,通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. (否定式中“to”不能省略)

初中英语动词不定式用法梳理及练习题

初中英语动词不定式用法 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。 一、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如: 1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems. ' head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. to learn English well is important. see is to believe.(眼见为实;百闻不如一见) 二、用作表语 动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如: | best way is to join an English club. first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully. 三、用作宾语 1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如: 1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. ~ 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice. 3)Id love to visit Mexico. 2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。如: 1)Could you please tell me where to park my car 2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. : 3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如: I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来,动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程,ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格,特别是美国英语,即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如: 1) Then I started to watch Tv. 2) I am beginning to understand my parents. .

(完整版)动词不定式的用法总结

动词不定式的用法总结 动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。接下来为大家提供了以下:动词不定式的用法总结一 动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形,但to有时要省去。 而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法。 现就以下几方面介绍如下。 一、不定式结构 1. 带to的不定式结构 能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。 如: I want to go to the movies with you. 我想跟你一起去看电影。 Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave. 在你离开之前别忘了关灯。 注意:动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。

如: Dave told me not to wake up Kate. 大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。 2. 不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式: (1)在固定词组had better之后。 注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。 如: You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。 It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷,你最好不要出去。 (2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如: I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn’t see you come in. 我没看见你进来。 (3)在引导疑问句的why not之后。 Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省

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