在全球金融危机的风雨中携手前行
——在“欧洲与中国”学术战略对话会上的讲话
中国驻欧盟使团团长宋哲大使
2009年5月19日
Speech at the "Europe and China" Strategic Dialogue
by H.E. Ambassador Song Zhe,
Head of the Mission of the People's Republic of China to the European
Union
May 19, 2009
尊敬的瓦尔德纳委员，
梅里特秘书长，
女士们，先生们，朋友们，
Commissoner Waldner, Secretary General Merritt, Ladies and Gentlemen, Friends,
今天下午，我将赶赴布拉格，参与定于明天举行的第十一次中欧领导人会晤。我很高兴今天上午有这样一个宝贵的机会，在领导人会晤举行前夕同各位探讨中欧关系的战略意义和发展前景。
In a few hours, I'll leave for Prague for the 11th China-EU summit. But I am very happy that, before taking part in tomorrow's high-level political dialogue, I am able to join you for this academic strategic dialogue.
当前我们讨论任何问题，都离不开全球金融危机严重冲击各国经济社会发展这个大背景。
I think no discussions nowadays can stay away from the financial crisis. Our economy suffers from its impact, so does our society.
今年一季度，中国GDP同比增长6.1%，远低于近年来两位数的增长幅度；对外贸易总额同比下降24.9%，一大批外向型生产企业陷入经营困难。
For the first quarter of the year, China's GDP growth was at 6.1%, much lower than the double-digit rate for the past decades. China's foreign trade dropped by nearly 25%. Many export-oriented enterprises are now in great difficulty.
欧盟国家面临经济衰退，欧委会预测欧盟经济今明两年将相继萎缩4%和0.1%，欧盟将新增失业人口850万，失业率上升至10.9%。金融危机给各国经济社会发展都带来严峻挑战。
The EU economy, on the other hand, will contract by 4% this year, as estimated by the Commission, while unemployment will rise to 10.9%, amounting to 8.5 million people.
此时此刻，各国政治家、企业家、专家学者都在密切关注全球经济形势的发展以及其他国家的应对举措，期盼世界经济尽快走出谷底，实现复苏，避免因经济长期不景气带来更多的社会问题、政治矛盾甚至国际冲突。
All statesmen, entrepreneurs and scholars are watching closely on the dynamics of the world economy and the rescue actions taken by other economies. We all hope that the economy will hit bottom and turn around quickly. We all fear that a prolonged recession might incur social contention, political strife and even international conflicts.
然而仅靠等待，我们无法走出危机的困境。现在最需要的是积极的行动、有效的措施、密切的协调、真诚的合作。
But the crisis will not fade away if we sit idle. We ought to take decisive actions and effective measures. We ought to have closer coordination and stronger cooperation.
欧盟去年12月提出总额2000亿欧元、相当于欧盟GDP1.5%的经济刺激计划，各成员国近几个月来也相继推出整顿金融、振兴经济、保障就业的规划和战略。
Last December, the EU launched a 200 billion euros stimulus plan, which was followed by many national plans from the member states.
中国政府自去年下半年起及时、果断地出台了一系列强有力的应对措施，形成了一个以“保增长、保民生、保稳定”为目标，着眼长远、统筹协调的综合系统方案。
China adopted a series of forceful measures since the second half of last year, which developed into a stimulus package that was aimed at ensuring economic growth, people's welfare and social stability.
为扩大需求，大规模增加政府投资，实施总额为4万亿元人民币（约合5860亿美元）的经济刺激计划，实行结构性减税；为改善供给，对10个重点产业实施调整振兴规划，推进结构调整和优化升级；为提高生产要素，大力推进自主创新，加大科技投入，加强科技支撑；为增强发展耐力，大幅度提高社会保障水平，努力扩大城乡就业，促进社会事业发展。
To expand demand, the government took the lead to increase investment and cut tax, and the total investment was planned at 586 billion US dollars. To optimize supply, ten major industries are undergoing restructuring and upgrading. To improve production, technological innovation is encouraged
by heavy investment in R&D capacity-building. To sustain growth, social security benchmarks have been raised, and employment will be expanded.
这些政策措施正在发挥作用，中国经济已经出现一些趋稳和回暖的迹象。投资继续上升，今年头4个月城镇固定资产投资同比增长30.5%。消费继续增长，4月份消费品零售总额同比增长14.8%，商品房和汽车销量都在保持增长。中国成为全球第一大汽车市场，仅4月份就有115万辆新车驶入公路。生产继续扩大，4月份工业增速达7.3%，比去年底、今年初显著提高。信心继续增强，4月份制造业采购经理指数（PMI）达53.5%，连续5个月保持增长。总的看，中国经济发展的基本态势和长期向好趋势没有改变，支撑中国经济持续较快发展的根基没有动摇。
This policy package is producing effects. There are already some positive signs of economic rebound. Investment keeps growing. For the first four months, fixed asset investment went up by more than 30%. Consumption keeps growing. In April, retail expanded by nearly 15%. Housing sale is getting up. Moreover, China has become the largest car market in the world. 1.15 million new cars went on China's roads in April alone. Production keeps growing. Industrial growth was at 7.3% in April, a few points higher than the beginning of the year. Confidence keeps growing. The Manufacturing PMI hit 53.5% in April, recording a five-month consecutive growth. In general, the trend of China's economy towards growth and expansion has not changed. The economic fundamentals remain solid.
与此同时，中国积极参与应对金融危机的国际合作，与国际社会携手努力，共度时艰。
Meanwhile, China has taken an active part in the global effort to confront the crisis. China is determined to tide over the hard time hand in hand with the international community.
早在去年10月，作为第七届亚欧首脑会议主办国，中方就积极协调与会各方就应对金融危机深入交换意见，达成广泛和重要的共识。
Last October, when China hosted the 7th Asia-Euope Summit, we modified the agenda to slot more time to discussions on financial crisis, which produced extensive and important consensus.
在G20华盛顿、伦敦两次峰会上，胡锦涛主席全面阐述中国政府对应对国际金融危机的看法和改革国际金融机构和体系的立场，重点强调中方加强金融监管、反对保护主义、重视发展中国家利益等主张。
On Washington and London G20 summits, President Hu Jintao expounded China's views and positions on confronting the crisis and reforming the international financial institutions, with an emphasis on strengthening
supervision, opposing protectionism and protecting the developing countries.
中方以政策理念和实际行动，推动了国际社会应对金融危机的合作，提振了国际社会克服金融危机冲击影响、推动世界经济恢复增长的信心。
By presenting both ideas and actions, China contributed to a coordinated global response to the crisis, and helped boost the confidence on an early economic recovery.
面对金融危机风暴，中国与欧洲手握得更紧了。
In face of this storming crisis, China and Europe hold hands even tighter.
今年初温家宝总理来欧展开“信心之旅”，就凝聚中欧合作、坚定共赢信念同欧盟和有关国家领导人达成重要共识。
Early this year, the Journey of Confidence by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao anchored our joint effort to fight the crisis.
2月份“中国贸易投资促进团”访欧期间签署了136亿美元的采购合同。
It was followed by a trip of China's trade and investment delegation, who signed 13.6 billion US dollar worth contracts with European companies.
在10天前举行的第二次中欧经贸高层对话上，双方进行了卓有成效的磋商，达成反对贸易和投资保护主义、加强投资合作、共同支持中小企业发展，在能源和环境领域开展合作、共同应对全球气候变化、推动可持续发展等多项共识。
Ten days ago, we had a successful Second High-level Economic and Trade Dialogue, where we agreed to oppose protectionism, increase mutual investment, support the development of medium and small size enterprises, promote bilateral cooperation on energy, environment, climate change and sustainable development.
女士们，先生们，
Ladies and Gentlemen,
回顾金融危机爆发以来的风雨坎坷，历数中国实行的政策、采取的行动和发挥的作用，相信大家对中国、对发展中欧关系的重要意义会有更加清晰、明确、深刻的认识。
In retrospect of China's policy, action and influence since the outburst of the financial crisis, it gives us a clearer idea about what a country China is and what our relationship means to us and to the world.
首先，中国是一个实现成功发展的国家。
First of all, China is a country that achieved rapid development.
经过30多年的改革开放和稳定发展，中国的经济总量、对外贸易额都进入世界前列；人民生活显著改善，实现了由解决温饱到总体上达到小康的历史性跨越；民主法制建设不断加强，人民在政治、经济、文化、社会等方面的权利得到了较好维护。
Thanks to three decades of reform and opening-up and stable development, China has become one of the largest economies and traders of the world. The Chinese people enjoy a better life. China's democracy and rule of law have improved, giving people better guarantee on their political, economic, cultural and social rights.
今天，每一个踏上中国国土的外国人都会感受到那里洋溢的蓬勃朝气和澎湃动力。正是因为中国走了符合自身国情的正确发展道路，中国人民以智慧和汗水积累了一定的社会物质财富，中国政府践行“以人为本”、“执政为民”的执政理念和全面协调可持续的发展理念，中国才有条件、有能力在危机到来时以极快的速度、极高的效率制定并实施这样一套完整、科学，兼顾当前与未来的应对举措。
Today, visitors from other countries, once they step on China's land, will be overwhelmed by the vitality of the nation and the ethusiasm among the people. China has chosen a development path that fits its national conditions well. The Chinese Government has put in practice the "People First" creed of governance and the theory of comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.
一句话，中国的快速发展归功于改革开往政策，归功于和平发展道路。
In sum, China's rapid growth is attributed to the reform and opening-up policy and the path of peaceful development.
其次，中国仍是一个发展中国家。
Secondly, China remains a developing country.
中国是一个有13亿人口的大国，人均国内生产总值排在世界第100位以后，人均耕地、草场、森林、地表水、煤炭、石油等资源量值均大大低于世界人均水平。
With 1.3 billion population, China's GDP per capita ranks below 100th in the world. Its per capita possession of arable land, surface water, coal, oil and many other resources are all below world average.
中国在经济发展过程中还存在结构性的问题：收入不平衡、地区不平衡、城乡不平衡、经济与社会发展不平衡。
China's development is still stumbled by many structural problems, such as income disparity, unequal regional growth and imbalanced urban and rural economy.
中国绝对贫困人口还有1000多万，相当于一个比利时。
More than 10 million people are still living below poverty line, a population equal to that of Belgium.
现在每年除解决2400万失业人口问题外，还要解决600万大学毕业生的就业问题，加起来比英国就业人口总数还多。
Each year, China needs to create more than 30 million new jobs, about the whole number of the UK's work force.
大家知道，一周前中国举行了四川特大地震一周年纪念活动，灾后我们重新安置了1500多万灾民，等于让所有荷兰居民搬一回家。
Last week, when we commemorated the anniversary of the Sichuan earthquake, 15 million displaced people in the disaster area have been relocated. It's almost giving every Dutch family a new home.
正因如此，全球金融危机给中国经济社会发展带来的冲击以及解决有关问题的困难程度，远非外人所能轻易想象。也正因如此，中国政府和领导人必须审慎、周密、稳妥地部署和实施各项政策措施，抓好每一个步骤和环节，促进经济增长，维护社会和谐，其付出的辛劳也远非外人所能轻易想象。
So, it is quite impossible for an outsider to imagine the difficult situation China faces.
第三，中国是一个负责任的国家。
Thirdly, China is a country that shoulders its responsibility.
尽管中国承受着巨大的发展压力，但在涉及世界和平与发展、事关全人类共同利益的重大问题上，中国一贯本着权利与义务相平衡的原则，在力所能及的范围内做出最积极的努力。
Despites its heavy burden on development, China spares no effort to promote world peace and development and cooperate with the international community on issues that involves interest of mankind. In this realm, China maintains a balance between rights and obligations and act in accordance with its capability.
全球金融危机一爆发，中国就积极参与国际社会关于应对金融危机、改革国际金融和货币体系、加强金融监管的讨论，并发挥了积极的建设性作用。说到其他领域，中国是联合国安理会常任理事国中派出维和人数最多的国家。中国向其他发展中国家提供援助超过2000亿元人民币。去年在联大会议上，温家宝总理代表中国政府郑重承诺，免除截止到2008年底46个最不发达国家的全部中国债务。
In coordinating global response to the financial crisis, China played a constructive role from the beginning. For maintaing world peace, China dispatched largest number of peacekeeping personnel among the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. To promote common development, China has offered more than 30 billion US dollars in asssitance to other developing countries. China pledged to cancel all outstanding debts of the 46 Least Developed Countries which were to mature at the end of 2008.
再说说欧洲人最为关心的气候变化问题。
Let me say a few words on the issue of Climate Change, which the Europeans have the utmost concern.
尽管发达国家历史排放量大，对气候变化负有不可推卸的主要责任，尽管目前中国人均排放量仅相当于美国的五分之一，尽管中国正处在工业化、城镇化过程中，处于排放量比较大的发展阶段，但中国政府本着对中华民族和全人类长远发展高度负责的精神，按照有关国际公约规定的“共同但有区别的责任”原则，不断加强应对气候变化能力建设，为保护全球气候作出不懈努力。
Though the developed countries are held responsible for the majority of historical emission of greenhouse gases, though China's current per capita emission is only one fifth that of the United States, though China is still in the course of industralization and urbanisation, which normally requires a higher standard of emission, China has made tremendous effort to build up its capacity in dealing with climate change and protecting the global climate. China is doing this on account of the interest of the Chinese nation and the mankind, and on the basis of the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities.
通过调整经济结构、转变经济发展方式，大力倡导节约资源能源、提高资源能源利用效率、优化能源结构、植树造林，中国的努力取得明显成果。近三年累计，单位国内生产总值能耗下降10.08%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别减少
6.61%和8.95%。2007年一年，通过利用可再生能源，中国就少排放5亿吨二氧化碳。前几天，《纽约时报》对中国建造高效、环保的煤炭火力电厂予以积极评价，认为中国正成为利用高科技创造低成本清洁能源的世界领先者。
China is doing this with a combination of measures, including restructuring national economy, optimizing production models, advocating
energy saving, improving energy efficiency, remixing energy consumption and promoting afforestation. China's effort has produced positive results. Over the past three years, energy consumption per GDP unit fell by a slice over 10%, COD emission was reduced by 6.6%, sulpher dioxide by nearly 9%. In the year 2007 alone, by making wider use of renewable energy, China reduced emission of 500 million tons of carbon dioxide. The New York Times recently hailed China as the world's leading builder of more efficient, less polluting coal power plants, by mastering the technology and driving down the cost.
第四，中国是一个主张互利共赢的国家。
Fourthly, China is a country that advocates win-win cooperation.
中国曾经积贫积弱，遭受列强欺侮，深知屈辱与不平的苦涩滋味，在今天的发展进程中绝不会将同样的痛苦带给别人，绝不会把自己的发展建立在牺牲他人利益基础上。中国同世界各国的合作都给双方国家和人民带来实实在在的好处，有利于促进双方经济社会的共同发展。
China was once bullied by foreign powers and therefore knows dearly the humiliation of inequality. China will never bring such agony to others. Nor will it pursue its own development at the expense of others' interest. China's cooperation effort benefits both China and its partner and facilitates both sides' social and economic development.
中国充分发挥自身的市场潜力和劳动力成本优势，为发达国家的企业提供了广阔的发展空间，为消费者提供了价廉物美的商品。
To the developed countries, thanks to its vast market potential and labour resources, China is able to provide the companies with space of business expansion and bring the consumers low-cost, good-quality commodities.
中国在相互尊重、平等互利原则基础上同广大发展中国家开展友好合作，根据发展中国家的合作意愿，帮助他们将资源、人力等优势转化为经济优势，提高发展水平，大力支援其医疗、卫生、教育、体育等社会公益事业建设，改善人民生活。
For the developing countries, on the basis of mutual respect and benefit, China helps them upgrade their economy by transforming their advantages on natural and human resources into economic benefit, and improve their people's life by assisting their social service construction, such as on medical, health, education and sport facilities.
中国不谋求霸权，不谋求私利，不对任何国家构成威胁。很多外国领导人指出，中国的发展应被视为机遇，而不是威胁。不少欧洲朋友对我说，中国靠走自己
的路取得今天的发展成就，真是一个奇迹。
China does not seek hegemony or self interest. Nor does it pose any threat to any country. Many leaders in the world stated their views on China, not as a threat but as an opportunity. Some European friends said to me, it is a miracle that China could have made such great achievements in development by going along its own way.
我在此补充一个判断，中国继续走和平发展道路，未来将为世界持久和平与共同繁荣做出更大的贡献。这将是下一个奇迹。
Here, I would like to add one more judgement. China going along its own way of peaceful development will make greater contribution to lasting peace and common prosperity of the world. And that will be the next miracle.
女士们，先生们，朋友们，
Ladies and Gentlemen,
请允许我回到发言开始时提到的全球金融危机这个大背景。这场危机不仅冲击包括中欧在内的各国经济增长，也深刻地影响着国际政治经济和安全格局，加快了全球秩序变化调整的速度。
May I come back to the financial crisis, which in my view, not only hindered the economic growth of every country, but also contorted the global political and security pattern. It also speeds up reshaping the global order.
面对当前形势，作为当今全球两大经济体，作为两支正在上升的政治力量，作为人类文明的两大发祥地，中欧关系已远远超越双边范畴，具有越来越重要的全球战略意义。
Under such circumstances, China and Europe, as two major economies, political forces and cultural sources of the world, have witnessed their relationship transceding bilateral scope and obtaining greater global and strategic significance.
中欧加强协调合作，抵御危机风暴，携手共同向前，将极大提振国际社会团结协作、克服金融危机的信心，对世界经济稳定增长意义重大；将有力推动国际秩序朝着公正合理的方向演变，对促进世界和平稳定发挥积极作用；将持续带动全人类的发展进步，对构建和谐美好的世界做出重要贡献。
Our coordination and cooperation, on the economic side, will boost the world's confidence in overcoming the difficulties brought about by the crisis and help ensure economic stability and recovery; on the political side, will promote the transition of global order in the direction of
justice and fairness and serve the interest of world peace and development; and on the cultural side, will advocate constant progress of humanity towards a better and harmonious world.
我们的手必须握得更紧，不能放松。中欧关系的发展正处在一个关键的历史性时刻，依靠陈旧的思维、狭窄的视野、惯常的举措，无法推动中欧关系阔步前行。此时此刻，我们最需要的是历史的远见、博大的胸襟、机敏的智慧和果敢的决断。我相信，中欧双方在这一特殊时刻都将展现出这些优秀的素质，密切协作，求同存异，共同努力，推动中欧全面战略伙伴关系不断向前发展。
At this juncture, our hands must hold tighter. At this juncture, old-day mentality, narrow minds and conventional move won't push our relations ahead. At this juncture, we need historical insight, cross-board vision, astute wisdom and resolute decision. I am sure that we have such qualities and will apply them to pushing forward our comprehensive and strategic partnership.
中欧双方都高度重视即将举行的第十一次中欧领导人会晤。在当前国际背景下举行的这次领导人会晤，具有承前启后、继往开来的重要意义。中方与欧盟轮值主席国捷克及欧盟机构方面始终保持密切联系，共同为会晤成功举行进行了一系列积极的准备工作。
Tomorrow, the 11th China-EU summit will be an event important for both sides. It is of special importance given the current global background. Under the storm of the financial crisis, we all understand better that our cooperation means a lot to us and to the world. The Chinese side has maintained close contact with the EU Presidency and the European Commission in preparation of the summit.
双方领导人将就推动新形势下中欧全面战略伙伴关系发展深入交换看法，就共同应对金融危机、气候变化等全球性挑战广泛交换意见。在经历金融危机风雨洗礼后，双方都进一步加深了中欧合作对于各自以及世界发展重要意义的理解。双方都愿意站得更高一些，看得更远一些，通过高层会晤就加强各领域合作达成广泛共识，为中欧关系发展注入新的动力，向国际社会发出积极的信号，使中欧关系的战略内涵和全球意义得到更好的体现。我相信，此次会晤将取得圆满成功，成为中欧关系发展史上又一座重要里程碑。
Leaders from both sides will exchange ideas on promoting our partnership as well as meeting challenges from the financial crisis, climate change and other international issues. We are expected to stand higher and look farther, and on this occasion of top-level contact, reach more consensus and agreement on stepping up our cooperation. If so, the summit will infuse more vitality into our relations. It will send a positive signal to the international community. It will testify the strategic nature and global
significance of our partnership. I am confident that the summit will be a success and another landmark in the history of our relations.
今天到场的朋友们都长期关注中国，关心中欧关系的发展。希望大家不断加强对中国的全面、客观、深入了解，也希望大家在接下来的讨论中深入探讨中欧合作对于中欧各自发展的重要意义和促进作用，以及如何使中欧关系的未来发展更加符合双方经济社会发展的需求和全球发展的历史趋势。相信你们将得出积极的、有益的、建设性的结论。祝本次学术战略对话会成功。
Dear friends, you have been following the development of China and the China-EU relations. I hope you will continue broaden and deepen your understanding of China. I believe in the following discussions, you will be able to reach positive conclusions on the role of our relationship. And I look forward to more constructive suggestions on fitting our relationship to the frame of our national development and the development of the world. I wish this dialogue complete success.
谢谢。
Thank you.
翻译贵在理解。只有理解了原文，才能使译文忠实于原文，才能使译文通顺易懂。而理解原文的钥匙便是原文的语境、功能、关联这三大要素：这恰好也是三条根本的语用原则。下面请看译例以及我们的短评。欢迎参加我们的讨论。
1. You're a pal！（选自电影Presumed Innocent）
你真够朋友/你真够哥们！
短评：我看到电影字幕是“你是一个朋友”，这句译文是判断或阐述，而原文是抒情（属于“表达类”言语行为）。可见，好译文要翻译出原文的交际功能。
2. I am ready to pop.（选自电影Liar Liar）
我要爆炸了/我的肚子要裂开了。
短评：这是对“还要吃点吗？”的应答，因此是礼貌拒绝的功能。那么，翻译成“吃不下了”、“再吃就要爆炸了”也算合格。根本不能像字幕那样翻译：“我准备引爆。”
3. I am in the book business.（选自电影You've Got Mail）
我是做图书生意的/我是书商。
短评：电影字幕是“我在书生意里”，一是汉语不地道，观众不知所云；二是没有翻译出原文的功能：原文是介绍自己的职业，相当于“我是医生/教师”。
4. I owe you my life.（选自电影The Count of Monte Critsto）
我欠你一条命/我这条命是你捡回来的。
短评：电影字幕是“我这条命是你给的”，岂有此理！命乃父母所赐。原文的功能是致谢。因此，若译为“我欠你一大笔人情”或“以后用得着我尽管说”也比“给”字句好些。
5. She never called me at home.（选自电影Presumed Innocent）
她从不在家给我打电话/她不在家里跟我打电话。
短评：电影字幕说是“她不跟我家打电话”。虽然英语(论坛)语法有一定的模糊性，但是根据剧情应该是“她在家……”。语言交际的推理要以最佳关联为原则。
6. That's the thing nowadays.（选自电影Liar Liar）
现在就时兴这个/眼下就流行这个。
短评：一女子对男友说及眼前的一件漂亮的时装，这句话虽然模糊但是不能译成字幕上的“现在就是这个东西”。
7. They zig. You zag.（选自电影Fair Game）
他们左，你就右/他们这样，你却那样。
短评：原文如同汉语的拆文解字，把zigzag拆成两个临时造词，表示不一致。不能把原文译为“他们这样‘之’字型，你却那样‘之’字型”。这样观众就云里雾里了。
8. I don't want us to end up enemies.（选自电影Presumed Innocent）
我不希望咱们闹翻/我不希望以互相为敌而告终。
短评：电影字幕的译文是“我不希望干掉敌人”。原文末尾虽然是成语化的简洁，但是根据最佳关联的原则还是可以推理为“闹翻”或“为敌”的译文。
9. Do you mind if I borrow this chair? - Yes, I mind.（选自电影You've Got Mail）
我借这把椅子坐坐可以吗？——不行的/不行不行。
短评：字幕是“……介意吗”和“……介意”。作为礼貌的套话，do you mind 应该译为“好不好/行不行/你愿不愿意……？”当然，电影里女主人公的拒绝是标记性的，是不太礼貌的。
10. I saw something I could never have seen.（选自电影Ghost Ship）
我看见了，真稀奇/我看见了一个前所未见的东西。
短评：原文相当于I saw a strange thing，因此，不能译为“我明白了，原先不明白的”。当然正确的理解是离不开语境（情景和上下文）的。
11. You're cleverer than you look.（选自电影Brave Heart）
你真聪明，看不出来/没想到你的脑子还很好使。
短评：字幕翻译是“你比你看上去的聪明一些”，我的一些学生也这样译，离钱钟书先生提出的“化境”十万八千里。就是说该译文的汉语不地道。
12. The tea is served, Madam.（选自电影The Princess Diaries）
茶好了，太太/请用茶，夫人。
短评：这是女佣对女主人说的话。电影字幕是“茶水端上来了”，这是宣告或通知，而原文是礼节性交际空白填充（不说话显得不开心不默契），是献茶的邀请（相当于please）。译文不能出现语言功能的误解或错位。
13. Please come here. I beg. In the name of Christ.（选自电影Brave Heart）
请过来吧，求你了，快点吧/过来，过来，过来吧我的小祖宗！
（求你了，过来吧，看在基督的份上！）
短评：原文的末尾是请求或命令的强势语，与基督或基督教没有丝毫关联。再看字幕翻译：“请过来，我求你，以基督的名义。”我国的主流文化是非宗教文化，难怪这样的译文不地道。叫孩子“小/老祖宗”倒可以，《红楼梦》里贾母等人就是这样叫宝玉的。
电影翻译要从语境、功能和关联切入才能达到正确的理解和通顺的译文，考研(论坛) 翻译和口译资格证考试也莫不如此：大凡出现问题的译文，不论是误解了原文的字面义还是内涵义，也不管是译文表达欠通顺还是欠地道，大抵可以说是没有把好原文的语境、功能、关联的脉冲之故，这里恕不一一赘述。
上面都是一些不太成功的翻译，是不是我们的翻译都不行呢？当然不是。也有一些译的不错的，例如：沙博里将《水浒传》译为：Outlaws of the Marsh（沼泽地上的亡命之徒）。我们来看看outlaw 的英文释义：An outlaw is a criminal who is hiding from the authorities. (OLD-FASHIONED) 这里把outlaw 译成亡命之徒，是否准确？大家共同论之。）杨宪益译将屈原的《国殇》译为：For Those Fallen for Their Country，北外出版社将《儒林外史》译为：The Scholars。这些都是译者吃透了原文的原意而译出的好“手艺”。
再看一段：
老者道：“西方却去不得。那山离此有六十里远，正是西方必由之路。却有八百里火焰，周围寸草不生，若过此山，就是铜脑盖，铁身躯，也要化成汁哩。” （《西游记》）
“It’s impossible to get to the west,” the old man replied, “The mountains are about twenty miles from here. You have to cross them to get to the west, but they’re over 250 miles of flame. Not a blade of grass can grow anywhere around. Even if you had a skull of bronze and a body of iron, you would melt trying to cross them.”
Each year that passes seems to have its own character. Some leave us with a feeling of satisfaction, others are best forgotten. 2009 was a difficult year for many, in particular those facing the continuing effects of the economic downturn.
过去每年似乎都各具特点。一些年份让我们心满意足，一些年份则最好忘却。2009年对很多人来说都不好过，尤其是那些深受经济衰退之苦的人们。
I am sure that we have all been affected by events in Afghanistan and saddened by the casualties suffered by our forces serving there. Our thoughts go out to their relations and friends who have shown immense dignity in the face of great personal loss.
我相信，我们所有人都受到阿富汗战事影响，为英军士兵伤亡感到悲伤。我们向这些士兵的家人和朋友表示慰问，他们面对巨大个人损失表现得无比高尚。
But, we can be proud of the positive contribution that our servicemen and women are making, in conjunction with our allies.
但我们应该为我们的士兵与盟友作出的积极贡献而感到骄傲。
Well over 13,000 soldiers from the United Kingdom, and across the Commonwealth - Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Singapore - are currently serving in Afghanistan.
英国和包括加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰和新加坡在内的英联邦国家眼下共有超过1.3万名士兵在阿富汗服役。
The debt of gratitude owed to these young men and women, and to their predecessors, is indeed profound.
我们对这些年轻士兵以及先前在阿富汗服役过的士兵表示深深感激。
It is 60 years since the Commonwealth was created and today, with more than a billion of its members under the age of 25, the organisation remains a strong and practical force for good.
今年是英联邦成立60周年，今天其成员国25岁以下人口超过10亿，为它保持长久的强大和实用提供了力量源泉。
Recently I attended the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Trinidad and Tobago and heard how important the Commonwealth is to young people.
最近我刚刚参加了在特立尼达和多巴哥举行的英联邦政府首脑会议，听到联邦对年轻人是多么重要。
New communication technologies allow them to reach out to the wider world and share their experiences and viewpoints. For many, the practical assistance and networks of the Commonwealth can give skills, lend advice and encourage enterprise.
新的通信技术使他们能够接触到更广阔的世界，分享他们的经验和观点。对于许多人来说，英联邦的实际援助与网络可以提供技能，给予意见和鼓励进取。
It is inspiring to learn of some of the work being done by these young people, who bring creativity and innovation to the challenges they face.
令人鼓舞的是，我了解到一些年轻人正在做着一些事情，他们面对挑战，富于创造力和创新精神。
It is important to keep discussing issues that concern us all - there can by no more valuable role for our family of nations. I have been closely associated with the Commonwealth through most of its existence.
对关系到我们所有人的问题保持讨论很重要，它让我们的大家庭产生更大的价值。在英联邦成立以来的大部分时间里，我都同它联系紧密。
The personal and living bond I have enjoyed with leaders, and with people the world over, has always been more important in promoting our unity than symbolism alone.
我个人同各国领袖、人民密不可分。这不单是象征意义，也能促进我们的团结。
The Commonwealth is not an organisation with a mission. It is rather an opportunity for its people to work together to achieve practical solutions to problems.
英联邦并非一个具某种使命的组织，而更是一个让各国人民合作、解决困难的平台。
In many aspects of our lives, whether in sport, the environment, business or culture, the Commonwealth connection remains vivid and enriching.
在涉及我们生活的许多方面，不论是体育、环境、商业或文化，英联邦国家之间的联系紧密而丰富。
It is, in lots of ways, the face of the future. And with continuing support and dedication, I am confident that this diverse Commonwealth of nations can strengthen the common bond that transcends politics, religion, race and economic circumstances.
在很多方面这展现未来的前景。随着不断的支持和贡献，我相信英联邦国家的多元化能加强各国在政治、宗教、种族和经济环境的凝聚力。
We know that Christmas is a time for celebration and family reunions; but it is also a time to reflect on what confronts those less fortunate than ourselves, at home and throughout the world.
众所周知，圣诞节是欢庆与家人团聚的时候，但我们也可以借这个时机回顾那些国内外不幸者面临的困境。
Christians are taught to love their neighbours, having compassion and concern, and being ready to undertake charity and voluntary work to ease the burden of deprivation and disadvantage.
基督徒被教导要爱他们的邻居，有同情心，乐于慈善和志愿工作，以减轻贫困和不利的负担。
We may ourselves be confronted by a bewildering array of difficulties and challenges, but we must never cease to work for a better future for ourselves and for others.
我们自己会面临一连串的困难和挑战，这些困难和挑战会令我们感到困惑，但我们绝不能停下脚步。而应该继续努力，为自己和他人创造更美好的未来。
I wish you all, wherever you may be, a very happy Christmas.
不论你们现时身在何处，我都祝愿你们圣诞快乐。
Good morning, everybody. This morning I want to extend to the people of Haiti the deep condolences and unwavering support of the American people following yesterday’s terrible earthquake.
大家早上好。昨天，海地发生了强烈地震。在此我想对海地人民表达最深的问候，美国人民将坚定地向海地提供援助。
We are just now beginning to learn the extent of the devastation, but the reports and images that we’ve seen of co llapsed hospitals, crumbled homes, and men and women carrying their injured neighbors through the streets are truly heart-wrenching. Indeed, for a country and a people who are no strangers to hardship and suffering, this tragedy seems especially cruel and incomprehensible. Our thoughts and prayers are also with the many Haitian-Americans around our country who do not yet know the fate of their families and loved ones back home.
我们刚刚开始了解到地震所造成破坏的严重程度，我们从新闻报道和图片上看到了倒塌的医院，变成废墟的房屋，人们在街上抬着受伤的邻居，场面十分令人心痛。海地和海地人民已历尽苦难和伤痛，但这场灾难尤为无情、让人感到不可思议。美国各地还有一些美籍海地人不知道远在家乡的家人和朋友的安危，我们与他们感同身受、并为他们祈祷。
I have directed my administration to respond with a swift, coordinated, and aggressive effort to save lives. The people of Haiti will have the full support of the United States in the urgent effort to rescue those trapped beneath the rubble, and to deliver the humanitarian relief —the food, water and medicine — that Haitians will need in the coming days.
In that effort, our government, especially USAID and the Departments of State and Defense, are working closely together and with our partners in Haiti, the region, and around the world.
我已下令政府以迅速、协调、积极的救援拯救生命。美国将全力支持海地人民，我们将紧急援救被困灾民，并提供食品、水以及药品等人道主义救灾物资，以满足海地人民未来几天的需要。美国政府，尤其是美国国际开发署、国务院和国防部正与海地、加勒比地区以及全世界紧密合作，实施救援。
Right now our efforts are focused on several urgent priorities. First, we’re working quickly to account for U.S. embassy personnel and their families in Port-au-Prince, as well as the many American citizens who live and work in Haiti. Americans trying to locate family members in Haiti are encouraged to contact the State Department at (888) 407-4747. I’m going to repeat that — (888) 407-4747.
目前我们的救援活动主要集中于以下几个紧急的方面。首先，我们迅速查明了在海地首都太子港的美国驻海地大使馆人员及其家人的情况，以及很多在海地生活工作的美国公民的情况。寻亲者可联系美国国务院，寻亲热线为(888) 407-4747。我再重复一遍，(888) 407-4747。
Second, we’ve mobilized resources to help rescue efforts. Military overflights have assessed the damage, and by early afternoon our civilian disaster assistance team are beginning to arrive. Search-and-rescue teams from Florida, Virginia and California will arrive throughout today and tomorrow, and more rescue and medical equipment and emergency personnel are being prepared.
其次，我们调动了人力和物资，支持救援。空军已对海地的受灾情况做出了估计，今天中午之前，我们的平民伤亡救援小组将陆续抵达灾区。来自佛罗里达、维吉尼亚和加利福尼亚的搜救组也将在今明两天陆续抵达。更多的救援和医疗设备，以及紧急救护人员正在筹备之中。
Because in disasters such as this the first hours and days are absolutely critical to saving lives and avoiding even greater tragedy, I have directed my teams to be as forward-leaning as possible in getting the help on the ground and coordinating with our international partners as well.
在这样的灾难中，最初的几个小时和几天是抢救生命，避免更大伤亡的关键。我已命令我们的救援组在抵达灾区后及时开展援助，并与国际救援人员进行合作实施救援。
Third, given the many different resources that are needed, we are taking steps to ensure that our government acts in a unified way. My national security team has led an interagency effort overnight. And to ensure that
we coordinate our effort, going forward, I’ve designated the administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, Dr. Rajiv Shah, to be our government’s unified disaster coordinator.
第三，鉴于所需救援物资种类繁多，我们正采取措施，确保美国政府统一行动。我们的国家安全人员连夜带头开展部际合作。为确保救援行动协调、顺利进行，我已任命美国国际开发署署长拉吉夫夏哈担任美国政府救灾行动总指挥。
Now, this rescue and recovery effort will be complex and challenging. As we move resources into Haiti, we will be working closely with partners on the grou nd, including the many N.G.O.’s from Haiti and across Haiti, the United Nations Stabilization Mission, which appears to have suffered its own losses, and our partners in the region and around the world. This must truly be an international effort.
此次救灾和灾后重建工作将非常复杂，极具挑战。在我们向海地运送救灾人员和物资的过程中，我们将与地面人员紧密配合，包括海地的很多非政府组织，在此次地震中伤亡惨重的联合国海地稳定特派团以及我们在该地区和世界各地的合作机构等等。这是一次真正的国际合作行动。
Finally, let me just say that this is a time when we are reminded of the common humanity that we all share. With just a few hundred miles of ocean between us and a long history that binds us together, Haitians are neighbors of the Americas and here at home. So we have to be there for them in their hour of need.
最后，我想说明一点，这次灾难提醒了我们共同拥有的人性。美国和海地之间相隔只有几百公里的海洋，悠久的历史将我们两国联系在一起。海地人民是美国人民的邻居，这里就如同他们的家乡，所以在他们需要帮助的紧急时刻，我们要伸出援手。
Despite the fact that we are experiencing tough times here at home, I would encourage those Americans who want to support the urgent humanitarian efforts to go to https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b6757092.html, where you can learn how to contribute. We must be prepared for difficult hours and days ahead as we learn about the scope of the tragedy. We will keep the victims and their families in our prayers. We will be resolute in our response, and I pledge to the people of Haiti that you will have a friend and partner in the United States of America today and going forward.
尽管美国国内的境况也很艰难，我仍要鼓励那些有意进行紧急人道主义援助的美国人民登陆白宫网站，了解如何捐赠。在了解到灾害的严重程度之后，我们必须提前为今后救灾的种种困难做好准备。我们将为遇难者和他们的家人祈祷。我们将以坚决果敢的姿态实施救援行动。我向海地人民保证，不管今天，还是今后，美国都是你们的朋友和伙伴。
May God bless the people of Haiti and those working on their behalf. 愿上帝保佑海地人民，和在海地的救援人员。
Thank you very much
Passage 1 女士们、先生们：很高兴能有机会参加这次“中国日”年会。亚洲是世界上最大的洲，拥有世界60%的人口。它资源丰富，历史悠久。中国式亚洲的一员，同所有亚洲人民一样，中国人民勤劳智慧。中国人民愿与所有亚洲人民一起，共创亚洲的美好明天。 Passage 2 我们非常高兴能和你们在英格兰度过这样一段愉快的时光。在告别英格兰的时候，我觉得自己对它和它的历史有了更多的了解。我们希望在不久的将来能在中国接待诸位，请诸位看看中国的变化。现在，我提议为东道主的健康干杯！希望在不久能看见你们。 Passage 3我非常感谢您热情友好的欢迎辞。印度是最古老的文明摇篮之一，访问印度是我的强烈愿望。我为能成为贵公司的客人而深感荣幸。这次访问给予我一次很好的机会结交新朋友。我公司同印度有着有好的合作关系。我们在许多领域里的合作都取得了重大进展。我们的合作是富有成效的。我们将继续成为和睦共助的伙伴关系。 Passage 4今晚，我们很高兴在北京大学接待格林博士和夫人。我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热烈的欢迎。中新两国教育界人士的互访，增进了相互间的了解和学术交流。我相信格林博士这次对对我校的访问必将为进一步加强两校的友好合作关系做出重要贡献。明天，贵宾们将要赴南京和上海访问，我预祝大家一路旅途愉快。 Passage 5今天各位能出席这个招待会，我们深感荣幸。欢迎到中国来。在发展对外贸易中，我们坚持“互相尊重、平等互利”的原则，这一原则有助于发展我们各国独立的民族经济。我愿借此机会对各位朋友给予我们的合作和支持表示感谢。 Passage 6 在这个满天星斗、举国同庆的夜晚，我谨代表公司的全体同仁，感谢各位来宾从百忙之中拔冗光临我们的春节联欢晚会。春节是我国一年中的良辰佳时，我希望各位中外同事共度一个轻松、欢快的夜晚。我愿外国来宾能尽情品尝中国的传统佳肴和美酒。我希望这次晚会能使我们彼此有机会沟通、增进友谊。最后我再次感谢各位嘉宾的光临，并祝各位新年健康、事业有成。 Passage 7近年来，中国在交通方面的资金投入每年都有所增加，公路建设因此有了很大发展。到去年末，这方面的投资超过了人民币3,200亿元。自从我国实行西部大开发策略后，西部的公路建设也得到了迅速发展。在今后的几年里，西部地区将继续成为公路建设的重点地区。 Passage 8中国加快发展，将给中美关系发展提供新的机遇与动力。例如，中国的旅游业带动航空业的发展，已经给美国企业带来了可观的实惠。中国从美国进口大量的大豆、小麦等农产品，为美国农业提供了广阔的市场。我相信，中国完全有可能在未来的20年乃至更长的时间里，继续保持稳定快速的经济增长。 Passage 9中国是一个发展中国家，人口多，底子薄，农村地区经济不发达。穷
一次野生训练(A Wilderness Survival Program) Saturday May 4, 2002 Cl oudy Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival progr am yeste rday,which has become an u nforgettable experience. Yesterday mo rning we wore strong and comfortable shoes, carried backpacks with the necessities in them and went to the mountain. We climbed a hill. On the top we saw a direction mark, which told us where to go. Down the hill, we came to a river. There were no b oats b ut we had to cross it. Luckily, both of us had learned how to swim. But we shouldn't make our things in the backpacks wet. Seeing a p iece of board, I got an idea. We put our backpacks o n the board and swam in the water pushing the board. When getting to the other bank, with the compass we found north in which direction we walked half an hour. Finally, we arrived at the campsite. We set up a tent and made a bonfire. The two of us spent t he night in the forest. We learne d to use knowledge gained in classroom training to solve problems. It was quite an ex perience for both of us, which I'll never forget for the rest of m y life.
祝酒辞 C-E 女士们、先生们:今晚我们很荣幸能有机会和约翰逊教授欢聚一堂。 Ladies and Gentlemen, we feel greatly honored this evening to have a chance to get together with Prof. Johnson. 首先,请允许我代表出席本次晚会的在座的各位向我们远道而来的贵宾表示热烈的欢迎和衷心的问候。 All ow me, first of all, on behalf all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greetings to our distinguished guest who came from so far away. 约翰逊教授我们大家都很熟悉,他在研究世界经济与传媒问题方面成就斐然,是媒介经济学方面的专家。在世界上享有一定的声望。 Prof. Johnson is already known to us for his great achievements in the study of worl d economy and mass media. He is a specialist of media economics enjoying a worl dwid e reputation. 约翰逊教授多年来一直关注世界经济与传媒的发展,特别是中国广电传媒业的改革。他不止一次的访问过我国,对我们国家的历史和现状都了如指掌。 Prof. Johnson has cl osely foll owed the d evelopment of worl d economy and mass media for many years, espe cially the reform of China’s TV broad casting and mass media industry. He has visited our country more than once, and has perfect knowl edge of our country, both its past and present. 在信息传播技术革命的浪潮席卷全球的今天,媒介经济学这门年轻的学科越来越凸现出现实意义。 Today, as tid es of information communication technol ogy surge forward throughout the worl d, media economics as a fl edgling subject is d emonstrating its significance. 中国进入经济社会加速转型期以后,广播电视事业和传媒产业的发展面临着前所未
Part II 实践与实战 11.1.中医的魅力口译基础P198 音频位置：实践与实战11.1 如今，隔三差五坐飞机来北京看中医的外国人屡见不鲜。日前，一位患病的美国医生给北京中医医院打来越洋长途，跟内科专家张志真预约下次看病的时间。不愿接受激素治疗的他，每三个月坐着飞机到中国来看一次中医，因为确实见效，已坚持了一年多。像这样的外国人还有很多，他们中有带着病寻访名医的；有旅游累了让中医给放松放松的；也有“小病大养”，要求在这里住院，顺便享受一下药膳和药浴的；还有什么病都没有，就为专程来瞧瞧中医是怎么看病的。在他们眼里，中医的针灸推拿是那么神秘和优雅。 不远万里看中医，外籍患者的病可谓五花八门。大到肿瘤，心脏病，小到失眠，肥胖。各国对中医中药的了解也不尽相同，日本人特别信按摩推拿，欧洲人对针灸情有独钟，美国人爱拔火罐。时间一长，大夫们总结出外国人看中医的一些规律：圣诞节前后是他们就诊的高峰期，好多人都是利用长假来中国旅游加看病。 外国人对中医中药表现出的虔诚出乎中医大夫们的意料。一位喀麦隆患者吃过中药后，称中药为“苦咖啡”，并告诉同伴喝“苦咖啡”是一种享受。皮肤科医生告诉一位法国牛皮癣患者应该注意饮食，病人立刻掏出小本，将什么能吃，什么不能吃一字不落地开出单子。看来，中医的魅力还真的不小。 11.1.中医的魅力译文 Many foreigners fly to Beijing for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment. The other day, an American patient made a long-distance phone call for a reservation with Doctor Zhang Zhizhen at Beijing Chinese Medical Hospital. Instead of using hormones, he has flown to China every three months for Chinese medical treatment. And it has worked. He kept seeing Chinese doctors for over a year. He is not alone. Some foreigners seek famous doctors for treatment, some just feel tired in their travel and want relaxation through TCM, some simply want to enjoy medical food and baths, and some come all the way here just to see how people are treated with TCM. In their eyes, TCM, like massage and cupping, are very mysterious and graceful. Their diseases are varied, like tumors, heart disease, insomnia and obesity. Their understanding of TCM also differs: Japanese believe in massage, Europeans favor acupuncture, Americans like cupping. Some experienced doctors find the time before and after Christmas is the peak season for treatment, because during the holiday the foreign patients can travel to China to see a doctor. The foreigners’ devotion is beyond TCM doctors’ expectation. A Cameroonian patient called TCM “bitter coffee”, and recommended it to his countrymen as a sort of enjoyment. A psoriasis patient from France, when being given by the doctor some tips on diet, carefully noted down every word of the instruction. These examples can show how much fascination TCM has.
主题三人与自然 话题十世界与环境 熟记50个高频单词 ·Group 1· 1. atmosphere n. 大气, 气氛 2. challenge n. 挑战(性) challenging adj. 具有挑战性的 3. circumstance n. 情况, 形势, 环境 4. consequence n. 结果, 后果 5. conservation n. 保存;(自然资源的)保护, 管理 6. create vt. 创造;造成 creature n. 生物, 动物 7. damage n. &vt. 毁坏, 损害 8. decline v. 减少, 下降, 衰退, 谢绝 9. decorate vt. 装饰……, 修饰……decoration n. 装饰, 修饰 10. decrease v. 减少, 减小, 降低 ·Group 2· 1. deliberately adv. 故意, 蓄意, 存心 2. disappearance n. 消失
3. destroy vt. 破坏, 毁坏 4. disappoint vt. 使失望disappointment n. 失望;沮丧 5. effort n. 努力, 艰难的尝试 6. environment n. 环境 7. expectation n. 预料;期望 8. extinction n. 灭绝 9. forbid vt. 禁止, 不许 10. harmony n. 和谐 ·Group 3· 1. influence n. 影响 2. material n. 原料, 材料 3. natural adj. 自然的 nature n. 自然, 性质, 种类 4. noisy adj. 喧闹的, 嘈杂的 5. overlook vt. 忽略;眺望 6. permission n. 允许, 许可, 同意permit vt. 许可, 允许;n. 许可证 7. pollute vt. 污染 pollution n. 污染 8. preserve vt. 保护, 保留, 保存 9. prevent vt. 防止, 预防
各位大家好 我就是jacky，那个帖子《我如何用一年考上欧盟口译司》一文的作者。 我一直都想把这种系统的方法能够通过一个很好的方式传递给其他人，让更多的人找到梦想，发现真谛。 所以，我和朋友们一起集中智慧，起草了下面的这个操作的原则和程序，算作是一次大型的免费口译培训，希望你能够看懂，如果有什么问 题，可以回帖，如果没有，就可以直接开始了，一共六个月的进程，如果你能严格执行下来，考上二级口译应该没问题 1 分为6个不同的阶段，也就是6个月，到什么阶段，达到什么程度 2 在论坛上法帖，监督自己学习，也接受别人的监督， 3 完成了一个阶段，给负责人发邮件，才可以收到下一阶段的学习指示，所以大家必须要学习后在论坛上发帖，证明你每天都在学习，我们的 方法，只能提供给真正热爱的朋友。 4 办一个经验口译员解答专栏。稍候我们会开通这个服务 7 有关学习的具体进程： 第一个月: 模仿新闻1h + 新闻精听2h 基本上听新闻同类话题可以大致理解 第二个月：（该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你）新闻听力一次准确理解大约50-60%，语言能力得到增长，语音有所转变 第三个月：（该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你）新闻听力一次准确理解大约70-80%，基本上达到语言的运用有了一定积 累，新闻听力一次准确理解大约80-90%，语言运用比较正规，能够用新闻和标准的语言来表述一些复杂论点，开始笔记练习 第五个月: （该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你）新闻听力进入快速阶段，越来越好。语言能力继续提升，笔记基本上能够纪录短时间的文章 第六个月：（该月学习计划将在前一个计划结束后给你）新闻听力达到接
值得一看的口译资料 口译资料 高级口译笔记——文化交流（Cultural Exchange） 一、词汇 汉字的四声（平声、上声、仄声和去声）the four tones of Chinese characters, namely, the level tone, the rising tone, the falling-rising tone, and the falling tone 笔画stroke 部首radical 偏旁basic character component 象形文字pictograph 独角戏monodrama/one-man play 皮影戏shadow play 折子戏opera highlights 单口相声monologue comic talk 对口相声comic cross talk 说书monologue story-telling 传说legend 神话mythology 寓言fable 武术martial art 气功controlled breathing exercise 气功疗法breathing technique therapy 春联spring couplet 剪纸paper-cut 戏剧脸谱theatrical mask 草药的四气：寒、热、温、凉four properties of medicinal herb: cold, hot, warm and cool 草药的五味：酸、苦、甘、辛、咸five tastes of medicinal herb: sour, bitter, sweet, hot and salty 二十四节气the twenty-four solar terms 天干地支the heavenly stems and earthly branches 清明节the Pure Brightness Day 端午节the Dragon Boat Festival 中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival 文化事业cultural undertaking 民族文化national culture 民间文化folk culture 乡土文化native/country culture
视译材料中常用到的经济类话题举例 1 Fiat seems bent on world domination of the car industry. But these days that cannot be achieved without a production presence in China, which has suddenly found itself catapulted into the position of the world's largest vehicle market by the blood bath in the US car market. 菲亚特似乎有意主宰全球汽车工业.但如今, 如果在中国没有生产业务, 这一点也无法实现. 随着美国汽车市场哀鸿遍野,中国突然发现自己已晋升为全球最大的汽车市场. 2 So now comes news that the Italian car company is talking to one of Beijing's favourite Chinese carmakers, Guangzhou Automobile, about a production joint venture. This would get Fiat back into China, after the joint venture with Nanjing Auto fell apart in 2007. 所以,现在有新闻报道,这个意大利汽车公司正与北京最热门的国产汽车制造商之一---广汽,商谈组建合资生产企业.这将带领菲亚特重回中国市场. 此前,该公司与与南京汽车的合资企业于07年解体. 3 Fiat is not talking about its plans for China, the only current bright spot in the world car industry. But Guangzhou Auto yesterday confirmed to the Financial Times that it is talking to Fiat about technical co-operation that “would not exclude the possibility of forming a joint ve nture”. The outlines of a potential deal are there for all to see on the website of the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection, which posted a notice in March that Fiat and Guangzhou Auto are discussing a Rmb4.27bn ($626m) joint venture. The official Shanghai Securities News says the venture could be approved within weeks and would produce 140,000 vehicles and 220,000 engines annually from 2011. 菲亚特并没有谈及其在中国的计划. 中国是目前全球汽车工业唯一一个亮点.但昨天, 广汽已向<<金融时报>>证实,目前它正与菲商谈技术合作事宜. 该技术合作将不排除组建合资公司的可能性. 中国环保局网站里公布了一个潜在合作意向的大纲, 并于三月份发布了一份公告,称菲和广汽正讨论设立一家总投资为人民币42.7亿元人民币（合6.26亿美元）的合资企业。官方媒体上海证券新闻报称,该合资企业可能在数周内获批,并于2011年开始, 每年生产140000辆整车以及220000发动机.
2. 高考读后续写高分技巧 (2018·浙江高考) 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West. We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos. His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guest room of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm, ” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool. In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride,
情景：外国客户协同翻译来中国和一家外贸公司谈生意，中方公司派人接机。意外连连，外国客户行李丢失，心急如焚，在接待处向机场工作人员询问。 角色：A外国客户Miss.Brown B外国客户翻译C中方代表(会一点英语) D机场工作人员 A: Where can I get my baggage? I can'find my baggage. B我在何处可取得行李?我找不到我的行李。 D:我们正在调查，请稍等一下。 B: Please wait for a moment while we are investigating. A:Here is my claim tag. B :这是我的行李票。 A:We may have lost some baggage so we'd like to make a lost baggage report. B:我们可能遗失了几件行李，所以必须填份行李遗失报告。 D:请和我到办公室。 B: Would you come with me to the office? A: Could you please check it urgently? B:是否可麻烦紧急查询? A: How soon will I find out? B:多快可找到? D:你总共遗失了几件行李?请描述你的行李。 B : How many pieces of baggage have you lost? Can you describe
your baggage? A:I have two pieces of luggage missing. One is a medium-sized Samsonite, and it's gray,and the other is a large leather suitcase with my name tag. It's dark blue. How can you help me if you can't find my baggage today? B:一个是中型的灰色绅耐特皮箱。另外一个是上面系有我名牌的大型皮制黑蓝色行李箱。 A: Please deliver the baggage to my hotel as soon as you've located it. B:一旦找到行李，请立即送到我停留的饭店。 A : I'd like to purchase what I need for the night. B:我想要购买过夜所需的用品。 D :我们会尽快处理好，把行李送到你的住处 B :they’ll try their best to find your luggage and send them to your hotel as soon as possible . A :OK .thanks！ B :非常感谢！ 突然，老外手中的电话响了 C:你好！我是代表我们公司来接你们的 A: oh,m y god ! I can’t understand what she is saying把电话给翻译 B喂，你好！我是Miss.Brown的翻译有什么事情跟我说好了我向Miss.Brown 转达。 C你好，我是公司派来接你们的，我已经在机场了，你们在哪里？
Unit 1 1.Working together, our people have done well. Our economy is breaking records, with more than 22 million new jobs, and the lowest unemployment in 30years齐心协力，我国人民取得了巨大成就，我国经济正在创新的记录，新增工作岗位2200万个，并且创下了30年来最低的失业率 2.Thanks to the continuing boom in technology shares on the stock market, this year the richest have added to 5 billion more to their wealth.由于在证券市场上技术股的不断上升，本年度富人的财产增值了50亿。 3.As for this type of camera, there may be cheaper ones on the market, But when you look at the quality and the design, You’ll agree our price is the most favorable. 就这类照相机(而言)，市场上可能会有比它更便宜的，但如果你注意以下质量和设计，你会认可我们的价格是最优惠的。 4.In 1995,the market share of our product was quite small, only 5%, In 1999, it has increased to 20%, By the year 2005 we expect the figure to go over 50%.在1995年，我们的产品市场占有份额很小，只有5%，在1999年，增加到20%，到2005年，我们期望会超过50% 5.In the United States, most enterprises are multiproduct firms. For example, American automobile manufacturers are also responsible for such diverse products as diesel locomotives, buses, refrigerators, guided missiles, and air conditioners.在美国，大多数企业是多产品的公司，比如，美国的汽车制造商同时也负责各种其他人员柴油烟机，公共汽车，冰箱，制导导弹和空调机 6.Inflation can have a number of causes. It can be caused by rises in prices of raw materials: Factories have to pay more for their law material, and as a result they have to put up the prices of their products. 通货膨胀可以是由于几方面的原因引起的，可以是由于原材料价格的上升，工厂不得不为原材料支付更多的钱，结果他们不得不提高产品的价格。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b6757092.html,rge wages rises can lead to inflation, too: If workers are paid more, prices go up and the cost of living rises. Changes in the value of currency are another cause of inflation. If the pound goes down in value. Then it costs more to import goods from other countries. 大幅度工资增长也会导致通货膨胀：如果工人的报酬增加，物价就会上涨，生活费用也会上升。货币价值的变化是通货膨胀的另一个原因：假如英镑贬值，那么从其他国家进口货物时就要多花钱了。 1.将近三倍的油价暴涨导致了两位数的通货膨胀以及全球经济的衰退The near-tripling of oil price resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. 2.中美联系现在十分广泛，涉及到我们人民生活的各个方面，包括商业，文化，教育以及我们的国家安 全政策。Sino-American ties have become very extensive, affecting all aspects of our people’s lives: commerce, culture, education and our national security policies. 3.人们往往希望雇主支付他们高于市场的工资，他们渴望灵活的工作日程，他们要求公司股票股买全， 还有学习的机会。People always want employers to pay them above the market rates, they seek flexible work schedules, they want stock options and a chance to learn. 4.对我来说，创业最大的障碍是搞清楚它是否切实可行，要做到这一点真的很难，因为我以前从未涉及 过这个行业。For me, the biggest hurdle to get the business running was working out whether it would be feasible at all. That’s really hard to do as I haven’t been involved in the industry before. 5.创业或难或易，但是守业绝对不是件容易的是。目前的统计数字表明，有三分之二的新企业在创办后 的头五年里倒闭。Starting a business may or may not be easy, but keeping it running is
高三英语作文练习素材 ----WORD文档，下载后可编辑修改---- 下面是小编收集整理的范本，欢迎借鉴参考阅读下载，侵删。您的努力学习和创新是为了更美好的未来！ 高三英语作文练习素材1 当我们独立了When We Are Independent When I was very small, I was so envious about the adults, because they could do whatever they wanted and did not have to depend on their parents. For me, I did not have money and my parents limited my pocket money, so I couldn’t spend the money to buy whatever I wanted. It seems to me that being an adult is my only wish. Some day, I learned from the movie that being an adult was not that as perfect as I thought. In the movie, the man struggled to earn money to pay his bills, what’s more, he had to stay away from his family. Loneliness was always around him. To be independent means we can live our own way and make our own decision. We have more freedom. But at the same time, it also means more annoyance. So why just we enjoy this moment. 在我很小的时候,我很羡慕成年人,因为他们可以做任何他们想做的,不必依赖他们的父母。对我来说,我没有钱,我的父母限制我的零花钱,所以我无法花钱去买所有我想要的。似乎成为一个成年人是我唯一的愿望。有一天,我从这部电影中了解到，作为一个成年人也没有我想象中的那么完美。在电影中,那个人努力挣钱来支付他的账单,更重要的是,他不得不远离他的家人。寂寞总是是围绕着他。独立意味着我们可以有自己的方式生活,做自己的决定。我们有的自由。但与此同时,这也意味着的烦恼。所以为什么不享受这一刻呢。 高三英语作文练习素材2 分数和能力Score and Ability In China, the students have to take part in many exams, they need to get the high mark, so that they can enter the better school and have more chances to get to the college. Chinese education pays special attention to the score, it occupies important position, it seems that score decides the students’ future.In my opinion, score doesn’t mean everything, the
第八篇中餐烹饪与菜系 说起中餐，人们都知道中餐烹饪以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称于世。中国悠久的历史、广袤的疆土、好客的习俗，这些都孕育了中餐烹饪的独特艺术。中餐烹饪讲究原料的选配、食物的质地、佐料的调制、切菜的刀工、适时的烹调，以及装盘艺术。最负盛名的中餐菜系有南方的粤菜、北方的鲁菜、东部的淮扬菜和西部的川菜，素有“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”之特点。 In terms of Chinese food, it is popularly recognized that Chinese cuisine is world-famous for its perfect combination of “color, aroma, taste and appearance”. China’s unique culinary art owes itself to the country’s long history, vast territory and hospitable tradition. Chinese cuisine gives emphasis to the selection of raw materials, the texture of food, the blending of seasonings slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying out the food on the plate, among the best-known schools of Chinese culinary tradition are the Cantonese cuisine of the south, the Shandong cuisine of the north, the Huai-Yang cuisine of the east and the Sichuan cuisine of the west. These four major varieties of Chinese food have been traditionally noted as “the light flavor of the south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor of the east and the spicy-hot flavor of the west”. 第九篇全面合作 我们双方已一致同意建立面向21世纪的睦邻互信伙伴关系。为了实现这个目标，我愿在这里提出以下几点意见： Our two sides have agreed to establish a good-neighborly partnership of mutual trust oriented towards the 21st century. To reach this goal, I would like to offer my observations as follows: ——充分运用已经确立的全面对话合作机制，拓展双方在各个领域、各个层次、各个渠道的交流与合作，加强双方领导人和各界人士之间的交往，增进信任，扩大共识，加强友谊。 We should make the best use of the existing mechanism of all-round dialogue and cooperation to broaden our exchanges and cooperation in all areas, at all levels and through all channels, and strengthen the exchanges and contacts between leaders and people from all walks of life of our two sides to enhance our mutual trust, expand common ground and promote friendship. ——本着优势互补、互利互惠的原则，把双方经贸、科技合作摆到重要地位，加强在资源、技术、市场、金融、信息、人力资源开发以及投资等领域的合作，以利于相互促进，共同发展。