高考阅读理解题型-观点态度题详解及练习

高三英语阅读理解观点态度题单选题30题11.The author's attitude towards the new technology in the passage is_____.A.enthusiasticB.cautiousC.skepticalD.indifferent答案：B。

本题考查对作者态度的判断。

文中提到新技术虽然有一定的优势，但也存在一些潜在的问题，所以作者的态度是谨慎的。

涉及科技类词汇有“new technology”，语法知识无特别之处。

12.The passage presents a_____view on the development of artificial intelligence.A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.uncertain答案：C。

文中客观地介绍了人工智能的发展，既提到了好处也提到了可能面临的挑战，所以是中立的态度。

科技类词汇有“artificial intelligence”，语法知识无特别之处。

13.The writer's stance on the use of advanced materials in industry is_____.A.supportiveB.opposedC.reservedD.ambivalent答案：C。

文章中对工业中使用先进材料进行了一定的描述，但没有明确表示支持或反对，所以是保留态度。

科技类词汇有“advanced materials”“industry”，语法知识无特别之处。

14.What is the tone of the author when discussing the latest scientific breakthrough?A.excitedB.worriedC.confidentD.puzzled答案：D。

文中对最新的科学突破进行了介绍，但同时也提出了一些疑问，所以作者的语气是困惑的。

专题05阅读理解“态度推断”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）原卷版养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

态度观点态度类试题的解题方法：第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意；第二：加入自己的态度。

要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度；第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。

乐观支持类词汇：optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving 赞成的客观中立类词汇：objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical 批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive 轻蔑的，不屑一顾的【高考真题再练】01（2023年新高考I卷D篇）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then theirerrors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people’s errors.D. The design of Galton’s experiment.33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.A. the crowds were relatively smallB. there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicateD. estimates were not fully independent34. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.02（2023年全国甲卷C篇）I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?A. Foucault.B. Eric Weiner.C. Jostein Gaarder.D. A college teacher.29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?A. To compare Weiner with them.B. To give examples of great works.C. To praise their writing skills.D. To help readers understand Weiners book.30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express?A. Its views on history are well-presented.B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life.C. It includes comments from readers.D. It leaves an open ending.31. What does the author think of Weiners book?A. Objective and plain.B. Daring and ambitious.C. Serious and hard to follow.D. Humorous and straightforward.03（2023年全国乙卷B篇）Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?A. By teaming up with other photographers.B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.C. By studying the geographical conditions.D. By creating settings in the corn fields.25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?A. Proper time management.B. Good shooting techniques.C. Adventurous spirit.D. Distinctive styles.26. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.D. They had problems with their equipment.27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake?A. Amusing.B. Satisfying.C. Encouraging.D. Comforting.04（2022北京卷D篇）Quantum ( 量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had excha nges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度)” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitative ly comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.A. sympatheticB. unconcernedC. doubtfulD. excited32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?A. His dominance in physics.B. The competition in the field.C. His confidence in PyQuantum.D. The investment of tech companies.33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Open.B. Cool.C. Useful.D. Resistant.34. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?05（2021年新高考I卷D篇）Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measuredby an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.06（2021年全国甲卷B篇）Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.24. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?A. Costly.B. Controversial.C. Ambitious.D. Successful.25. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?A. She loves staying with her mother.B. She dislikes outdoor activities.C. She is in good conditionD. She is sensitive to heat.26. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?A. They had their first born in January.B. They enjoyed exploring new placesC. They lived with their grandmothers.D. They were brought to the reserve young27. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?A. The rhino section will be open to the public.B. It aims to control the number of the animals.C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.07（2020全国I卷C篇）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) w ith the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A. They must run long distances.B. They are qualified for the marathon.C. They have to follow special rules.D. They are good at swinging their legs.29. What advantage does race walking have over running?A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.B. It’s less challenging physically.C. It’s more effective in body building.D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?A. Getting experts’ opinions.B. Having a medical checkup.C. Hiring an experienced coach.D. Doing regular exercises.31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.【名校好题强化】（23·24上·哈尔滨·阶段练习）There is hope for our planet’s survival. Innovative products are being designed to reduce our dependence on plastic, single-use plastic in particular.One such innovation comes from international design firm Carlo Ratti Associati with its “Feel the Peel” machine, an experimental rounded juice bar that not only makes freshly squeezed orange juice, but also 3D prints a recyclable bio plastic cup with the leftover orange peels (果皮) .Designed with global energy company Eni. the juicer is 10 feet tall and topped with a massive dome (圆顶), feeding the juicer with oranges on demand. The dome is mad cup of round tracks that holdup to 1, 500 oranges. A 3D printer is setup in the base of the machine.The machine goes like magic. When an order is placed, the oranges slide down the tracks to a squeezer, and the juice is then deposited (使沉积) into an “orange peel” bio-plastic cup, ready to enjoy. Meanwhile, the freshly squeezed peels fall down a tube and gather at the bottom of the machine where they are dried, milled and mixed with Poly lactic Acid, creating a bio plastic material The bio plastic is then heated and melted into a filament (细丝) and the 3D printer then creates recyclable bioplastic cups, ready to be filled with freshly squeezed juice.How cool that is! It seems that Carlo Ratti Associati and Eni have plans to take “Feel the Peel” beyond just orange juice.“The principle of recycling is a must for today’s objects,” says Carlo Ratti, “Working with Eni, we tried to show recycling in a very tangible way, by developing a machine that helps us to understand how oranges can be us cd well beyond their juice. The next improvement of “Feel the Peel” might include new functions, such as printing fabric for clothi ng from orange peels.”1．What can we know about “Feel the Peel” machine?A．It increases the output of orange juice.B．It makes something beyond orange juice.C．It makes orange juice taste better.D．It bans the use of single-use plastic.2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A．The reason for the machine’s popularity.B．The structure of the machine.C．The way the machine works.D．The way to use the machine.3．What is Carol’s attitude to the future of the machine?A．Pessimistic. B．Cautious. C．Positive. D．In different.4．What can be the best title for the text?A．A New Form of Orange PeelsB．Orange Juicer 3D Prints Bioplastic CupsC．Innovative Products Are Being DesignedD．Carlo Invents A Recyclable Machine（2024届浙江省宁波市高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试题）Goldfish may seem like simple creatures swimming in a glass tank, but they possess a rather complicated navigation system, as discovered by researchers at theUniversity of Oxford Led by Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux, the study aims to shed light on our understanding of how fish, and potentially humans, estimate distances using what could be described as an internal GPS.Writing in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Sibeaux and colleagues report how they created a tank in their experiment with 2cm-wide black and white vertical stripes (条纹) on the walls, connected by similar stripes across the floor. The team trained nine goldfish to swim a set distance of 70cm and then return to their starting point when waved at. The experiment aimed to investigate how the fish would estimate this distance without any gestures, under different patterns.Over multiple trials, the goldfish averaged a swim distance of 74cm, give or take 17cm, when presented with the vertical 2cm-wide stripes. However, when the stripe pattern was altered to either narrower vertical stripes, checked patterns, or horizontal stripes, the fish’s behavior changed significantly. Narrower vertical stripes led them to overestimating the distance by 36%, while horizontal stripes resulted in highly inconsistent estimations.According to the researchers, the goldfish appeared to be using an “optic (光学的) flow mechanism” based on the visual density of their environment. They kept track of how frequently the vertical pattern switched between black and white to estimate how far they had traveled. The study suggests that different optic flow mechanisms are used by mammals, including humans, based on angular (有角度的) motion of visual features. The study implies that the use of visually based distance information could have emerged early in the evolutionary timeline.“This study is novel because, despite knowing that fish respond to geometric information regarding direction and distance, we don’t know how they estimate distances,” Professor Colin Lever, although not involved in the study, said, “it’s exciting to explore fish spatial mapping because fish navigation evolved earlier and better than most mammals.”5．Why did Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux conduct the study on goldfish?A．To test the accuracy of goldfish’s internal GPS.B．To create an advanced navigation system for humansC．To uncover how an inbuilt GPS helps calculate distances.D．To explore the relationships between goldfish and humans6．What can we learn about the experiment?A．People gestured the goldfish throughout the experimentB．The tank was decorated with colorful background patternsC．Goldfish tended to underestimate distances with horizontal stripes.D．The change in the tank setting led to the goldfish's incorrect judgment.7．It can be concluded from the fourth paragraph that ____________.A．optic flow mechanism is unique to humansB．mammals developed flow mechanism long before goldfishC．goldfish evaluated the distance with multidimensional visual informationD．visual density of the environment strengthened the locating ability of goldfish8．What attitude does Professor Colin hold towards the study?A．Neutral. B．Ambiguous. C．Disapproving. D．Favorable.（23·24上·大庆·阶段练习）One Sunday in 2021, when my son, Leo, was six, we ran into one of his friends, Izzie. They decided to play ——but w hat? “I have a great idea,” Leo said. “Let’s fall in love! OK?” Izzie took a half-second to consider this proposal, then replied “No.” She wanted to play tag.Leo has always been the kind of child who looks for close connections, often in the wrong places. It sometimes feels as though he’s been looking for a soulmate since he was a toddler（学步孩童）.One day, he came home from school and immediately grabbed his iPad to ask Siri: “Can you fall in love when you’re just a kid?”Siri, Apple’s voice-controlled personal assistant, is great at opening apps or setting alarms, but I was unfamiliar with her philosophies on love.“What did Siri say?” I asked him.“She said, ‘Here’s what I found on the web!’” Leo reported.This was hardly the first time I’d heard Leo in conversation with Siri. Over the years, he’s relied on Siri as a source of comfort, advice, emotional support, and guidance. Their relationship blossomed when the pandemic forced us all to shelter in place.At first, Leo mostly asked Siri factual questions, then the personal ones. As time passed, he began to engage on more existential matters. Siri has, in some ways, been able to absorb some of Leo’s concerns—in a way that, as his mother, I can’t, at least not with the same coolness.Children are overwhelmed w ith emotions such as grief, fear, love, and a desire for connection. If Leo’s talks with Siri confronted me with the unknowable and unanswerable, they also made me frustrated at my own limitations as a parent.There are many challenges to parenthood, among which the biggest is the desire to shelter our children from the painfulness of reality. But helping our children navigate reality is surely more helpful than sheltering them from it. Perhaps the best we can do is give them a tablet?I’m afraid I don’t ha ve the answer. Maybe I should ask Siri.9．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning lzzie?A．Leo’s longing for intimacy.B．Leo’s close bond with lzzie.C．Leo’s eagerness to have fun.D．Leo’s effort to make new friends.10．What would Leo ask Siri when they first talked?A．Siri, have you ever been in love? B．Siri, what is your favorite hobby?C．Siri, what does it mean to be alive? D．Siri, how many stars are in the Milky Way?11．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to Siri?A．Curious. B．Disappointed. C．Appreciative. D．Worried.12．What does the author suggest parents do when raising children?A．Be a good role model. B．Promote independence.C．Communicate effectively. D．Practice positive discipline.（22·23下·南充·三模）A new kind of solar panel, developed at the University of Michigan, has achieved high efficiency in transforming water into hydrogen and oxygen — imitating a crucial step in natural photosynthesis(光合作用). The outdoor version of the experiment, with less reliable sunlight and temperature, achieved 6.1% efficiency at turning the energy from the sun into hydrogen fuel. However, indoors, the system achieved 9% efficiency.But the biggest benefit is driving down the cost of sustainable hydrogen. This is enabled by reducing the size of the semiconductor(半导体), typically the most expensive part of the device. The team’s self-healing semiconductor withstands concentrated light equivalent to 160 suns.“We believe that artificial photosynthesis devices will be much more efficient than natural p hotosynthesis, which will provide a path toward carbon neutrality,” said Zetian Mi, U-M professor of electrical and computer engineering who led the study reported in Nature.One major advance of the new technology is the ability to concentrate the sunlight without destroying the semiconductor that traps the light. “We reduced the size of the semiconductor by more than 100 times compared to some semiconductors only working at low light intensity,” said Peng Zhou, U-M research fellow in electrical and computer engineering and first author of the study. “Hydrogen produced by our technology could be very cheap.”The next challenges the team intends to tackle are to further improve the efficiency and to achieve superhigh purity hydrogen that can be directly fed into fuel cells.13．What leads to the lower cost of sustainable hydrogen?A．Solar energy. B．Smaller semiconductors.C．Natural photosynthesis. D．More concentrated light.14．Why is the advance of the new solar panel mentioned?。

高三英语阅读理解观点态度题单选题30题1.The author's attitude towards the new technology can be described as_____.A.enthusiasticB.indifferentC.pessimisticD.skeptical答案：A。

本题考查对作者态度的判断。

选项A“enthusiastic”表示热情的，积极的；选项B“indifferent”表示冷漠的；选项C“pessimistic”表示悲观的；选项D“skeptical”表示怀疑的。

根据文章内容，作者对新技术进行了积极的描述，所以答案是A。

2.The writer's opinion on the environmental issue is_____.A.supportiveB.opposedC.neutralD.uncertain答案：A。

本题中，选项A“supportive”表示支持的；选项B“opposed”表示反对的；选项C“neutral”表示中立的；选项D“uncertain”表示不确定的。

文章中作者对环境问题提出了积极的解决方案，表明作者的态度是支持的，所以答案是A。

3.The tone of the passage is_____.A.optimisticB.pessimisticC.criticalD.objective答案：A。

选项A“optimistic”表示乐观的；选项B“pessimistic”表示悲观的；选项C“critical”表示批评的；选项D“objective”表示客观的。

文章整体传达出积极向上的氛围，所以答案是A。

4.The author seems to be_____about the future of education.A.hopefulB.doubtfulC.worriedD.disappointed答案：A。

（完整版）高考阅读理解题型-观点态度题详解及练习后面有练习最后是练习的答案，包括词汇和难点解析。

都是我一个一个字打上去的高考考纲中对考生阅读理解部分的要求如下：（1）理解主旨和要义（2）理解文中具体信息（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度（5）理解文章的基本结构对应有（1）主旨大意题（2）细节与推理判断题（3）词义猜测提（4）观点态度题（5）篇章结构题五种基本的阅读理解题型。

今天我们要讲的就是五种基本题型之一的观点态度题例一、[2009年陕西卷]“Old wives’ tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents’ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time.Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration….Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales. After all, much of th is knowledge has been accumulated from thousands of years of experience in family health care. …54. What is the author’s attitude toward “old wives’ tales” in the text?A. SubjectiveB. ObjectiveC. DissatisfiedD. Curious例二、The internet will open up new vistas (前景), create the global village—you can make new friends all around the world. That, at least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account. The reality is that we cannot keep relationships with more than a limited number of people. No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.The problem is twofold（双重的）. First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline （减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”.This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesn’t s erve a socially valuable function. Of course it does. But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to more to the other side of the world.In one sense, that’s a good thing. But it also has a disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certainly y ou aren’t using your time to make new friends where you now live. And Isuspect that probably isn’t the best use of your time. Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face. The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it won’t stop that happening eventually.75、What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the internet to strengthen relationships?A. He is uncertain about it.B. He is hopeful of it.C. He approves of it.D. He doubts it.例三、This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.30、What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.TolerantB.DoubtfulC.RespectfulD.Supportive引类问题的几种提问方式(1)What’s the writer’s attitude to …?(2)What’s the tone of the passage?(3)The author’s view is _______(4)The writer’s attitude of .this passage is apparently _________(5)The author’s opinion could be best described as_________(6)Which of the following statements would the author be LEAST /MOST likely to agree with?(7)Which of the following statements indicates the author’s attitude toward ____?推测作者的写作意图时，必须要先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述重点和材料的安排。

后面有练习最后是练习的答案，包括词汇和难点解析。

都是我一个一个字打上去的高考考纲中对考生阅读理解部分的要求如下：（1）理解主旨和要义（2）理解文中具体信息（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度（5）理解文章的基本结构对应有（1）主旨大意题（2）细节与推理判断题（3）词义猜测提（4）观点态度题（5）篇章结构题五种基本的阅读理解题型。

今天我们要讲的就是五种基本题型之一的观点态度题例一、[2009年陕西卷]“ ’ ” . , ’ . ? , .? a ….’t , a ’ . , . …54. ’s “ ’ ” ?A. B. C. D.例二、(前景), —. , , . .a . , .（双重的）. , a a . 150 . , （投入）. aa ’s . a , （减弱）“ I ”., , ’t a . . , ., ’s a . a . , ’t .I ’t . , . , ’t .75、’s ?A. .B. .C. .D. .例三、. ’t ’ , , .30、’s 3?引类问题的几种提问方式(1)’s ’s …?(2)’s ?(3) ’s(4) ’s(5) ’s(6) ?(7) ’s ?推测作者的写作意图时，必须要先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述重点和材料的安排。

故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者；广告类英文文的目的一般是为了推销产品或者服务；议论文的目的是要阐述观点；科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识，帮助大家广文博见。

大家做题之前，应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。

表示客观的词：, , （中立的），无私的没有偏见的公平的，无偏见的事实的，实际的提供信息的主观的/偏见的：, , ,漠不关心：, , , ,困惑、迷茫不知所措的：, , ,感情色彩深、程度深：, , ,程度较浅，谨慎的：, , ,积极意义的：肯定的，积极的赞成的，有利的赞成，同意支持的，支援的辩护的，保卫的乐观的自信的，确信的尊敬的赞成，承认赞成，支持幽默的清醒的消极意义的：否定的，消极的批评的（讽刺的）焦虑的，担心的悲观的忧虑的反对的怀疑的可疑的，不确定的说反话的，讽刺的不赞成反对，不赞成反对批评，批判气愤的做观点态度题时要注意：1.注意不要把我们自己的好恶态度糅进其中，不要用带有主观倾向的视角评判作者态度。

阅读理解专题五阅读下列短文或短文片段，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案或可以填入空白处的最佳答案：AEver since Donald Trump was elected the next president of the US, the entire Trump family has been put under a microscope.In China, the spotlight has been mainly focused on Trump and his daughter Ivanka. She is described on WeChat as an extremely influential role model with stunning beauty, a successful career, and a happy family.She leads a dream life that a million girls would kill for. Yes, she was born with a silver spoon in her mouth. But she got where she is by herself.There’s always going to be articles that say people born into wealthy families are better looking and have a better family background than you, but these people do work harder than you.Are you a loser if you were raised in an ordinary family? Should you feel guilty that you sleep eight hours a day because Ivanka sleeps five? If you just want to keep a stable nine-to-five job, does it mean you are not ambitious? How about if you don’t work out or eat healthy, does that mean you will not find your Mr. or Miss Right?There is a tendency in media nowadays to encourage elitism(精英主义).They are trying to brainwash young people into thinking that they should invest an enormous amount of time and money in bodybuilding and appearance enhancement, even plastic surgery. They encourage lifestyle makeovers: wine tasting classes and expensive trips overseas. They make you believe that if you do as they say, you can improve the quality of your life and join the elites.But what’s the downside of being ordinary? Do you really need to go to the gym five days a week unless you are a gym maniac(热衷者)? Do you need to take hundreds of selfies and Photoshop the selected ones to post on WeChat? Do you really need to break your neck and sacrifice to earn your first pot of gold only to worry constantly about how to enter high society later?Don’t let the idea of elitism get to you. Everybody has a right to the life they want. Human beings should not be judged as a success or failure based on whether they are a part of the elite or not. As long as you lead a happy and comfortab le life, why bother to chase after other people’s shadows? Choose your own life path and go for it.1. Which attitude towards life would the writer probably agree with?A. Life is like a dogsled team. If you aren’t the lead dog, the scenery never change s.B. There is only one success — to be able to spend your life in your own way.C. Life consists not in holding good cards but in playing those you hold well.D. The greatest lesson in life is to know that even fools are right sometimes.BHalf a year ago I came across a book called "Salt, Sugar and Fat. How the Food Giants Hooked US", but finished it only recently. I am far from being a fan of junk food, over-salty, or over-sweet stuff, and honestly this food doesn’t appeal to me at all. Mayb e it is related to the fact that I grew up in Russia and at that time we were not so exposed to the foreign, especially made in America foods. We knew Coca Cola, Pepsi, juice powder and Cheetos, but this stuff was not so cheap or available to buy it every day and we couldn’t buy them in large quantities. We didn’t know the word "fat" was not a bad thing but a normal of life for some people. We always had sweets and especially on holidays they were served as a dessert along with a cake. Russians like eating sweets when they drink tea. Even with my passion to desserts I still can’t relate myself to the people Michale Moss was writing about, those consumers who could not say "no" when it came to junk food.What I found interesting in the book was that the au thor didn’t focus on diets, necessity to exercise, sleep well at night and all other things we all are pretty aware of. The aim was not to teach people how to live but instead, after having made a huge research, interviewed more than 100 people in the food industry, Moss reveals the ugly of the food business. It puts all the facts in front of us and offers a choice: to buy or not to buy. However, the answer was known at the very beginning. Moss mentions the well-known food like Coca, Cola, Pepsi, Nestle and some others and tells how skillfully the consumers can be cheated when it comes to choosing what to put in the food basket in the supermarket. We like this taste of a chocolate, the crispy chips, and sweet porridges because it was all put on test by groups of scientists who made experiments to reveal what kind of taste will be most appealing to us. It involves brain, of course. Apart from scientific researches, it was also due to successful marketing strategies and plans that people prefer to buy food.In this companies’ money race, the most vulnerable(易受伤害的)victims are kids. They can’t tell good from bad and love everything that makes them feel good. Commercial ads of fast food particularly targeted kids and played on the fact that mothers can’t fully control what their children eat because they spent all day at work. Mothers themselves buy chocolates bars and com flakes for their kids, guided by a powerful brainwashing that actually, these products were not unhealthy, on the contrary, it was encouraged to give them to kids, because fat and sugar provide energy, so they are good, right?Giving a credit to some food companies, they made attempts to fight the trend, but consumers, who already worked a habit of eating too salty, too fatting and too sweet products, didn’t react to the changes. So the companies returned to the old policy. Surprisingly, such behavior was strongly backed up by the government.I would definitely recommend reading this book not only to those who struggle in the battle with his addiction to fast food but also people living healthily. It casts light on many things, including how vulnerable we can be in front of corporations and their powerful and accurate marketing strategies.2. What is the author’s attitude towards the government?A. objectiveB. supportiveC. positiveD. negativeCAbout a quarter of the world drives on the left, and the countries that do are mostly old British colonies(殖民地) like Australia, and Ireland. But Thailand, Indonesia and Japan also do so.This strange quirk(奇事) puzzles the rest of the world; however, there is a perfectly good reason. Up to the late 1700’s, everybody travelled on the left side of the road because it’s the most sensible option for feudal(封建的), violent societies with mostly right-handed people. Soldiers with their swords under their right arm naturally passed on each other’s right, and if you passed a stranger on the road, you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between yourself and him.Revolutionary France, however, overturned this practice as part of its sweeping social rethink. A change was carried out all over continental Europe by Napoleon. It changed under Napoleon because he was left-handed. His armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent. From then on, any part of colonized by the French travelled on the right.After the American Revolutionary War (1775—1783), the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cast off all remaining links with its British colonial past. As America became the center of the car industry, if you wanted a good reliable vehicle, you bought American right-hand-drive cars. From then on, many countries changed out of necessity.Today, the EU would like Britain to fall into line with the rest of Europe, but this is no longer possible. It would cost billions of pounds to change everything round. The last European country to change driving on the right was Sweden in 1967. While everyone was getting used to the new system, they paid more attention and took more care, resulting in a reduction of the number of road accidents.3. What was Napoleon’s attitude to walking on the left?A. Support.B. Disapproval.C. Doubt.D. Sympathy.DNo one would much like the idea of eating 61 pounds of tomatoes a day. But if their goodness was put into an easy-to-swallow pill that you were told might prevent strokes(中风) and heart attacks you would probably be putting in an order tomorrow.Researchers believe they may have come up with just that after trials. The daily pill contains a chemical called lycopene which makes tomatoes red and is known to break down fat in the vessels(血管). A Cambridge University study found taking the pills improved blood flow and the lining of vessels in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. It also increased the flexibility(灵活性) of their vessels by 50 percent. The scientists believe it could limit the damage caused by heart disease—responsible for 180,000 deaths a year—and help cut the 49,000 deaths a year from strokes. They also hope it could benefit those with arthritis(关节炎), diabetes(糖尿病) and even slow the progress of cancer.Each pill is equal to eating around 61 pounds of ripe tomatoes. Studies have shown eating a Mediterranean-style diet rich in tomatoes, fish, vegetables, nuts and olive oil can significantly reduce cholesterol(胆固醇) and help prevent cardiovascular disease.Preliminary results from a two-month trial, in which the pill was given to 36 heart disease patients and 36 healthy volunteers with an average age of 67, were presented at a meeting of the American Heart Association. It was shown to improve the function of the endothelium- the layer of cells lining blood vessels. It also improved their sensitivity to nitric oxide, the gas which causes the enlargement of the vessels in response to exercise.Ian Wilkinson, head of Cambridg e University’s clinical trials unit, said “These results are potentially very significant and it meets the goal, but we need more trials to see if they translate into fewer heart attacks and strokes.”Further studies are planned, with researchers hoping it could offer a choice for heart disease sufferers who can not take the cholesterol-lowing drugs.Mike Knapton, head of the British Heart Foundation, said, “Although this showed lycopene improved blood flow in people with heart disease, that’s a lon g way from demonstrating that taking it could improve outcomes for people with heart disease. The best way to get the benefits ofa good diet is to eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.”4. What was Ian Wilkinson’s opinion on the trial?A. Disappointing.B. Surprising.C. Satisfactory.D. Terrible.EThe young boy was sitting on the ground in the refugee(难民)camp playing with an empty tin. Other children were standing around watching him with envious eyes.Envy? Of an empty tin?This tin was indeed no worthless piece of trash—it was a splendid truck, complete with wheels and grille(铁栅) and floor. The vehicle even had remote control, a frayed piece of string from the “engine” to the hand of the owner.The tin had lost all its original markings. But its first load had probably been sardines(沙丁鱼). Later the tin had been left with other rubbish behind the refugee camp clinic, and the boy had found it on one of his daily expeditions into the “big world”.For thousands of refugee children, a tin like this rates high on their list of wants. It can be used for many purposes, as jewellery, as a toy, for drinking or as a medicine box.Many refugee children would consider it the happiest day of their lives if they received a handful of marbles(弹珠) as a present.They dream of gifts which children in developed countries take for granted. Maybe a book to read or a pencil and an exercise book of their very own.Their imagination can create toys, but it cannot create books. Someone else must provide them. A more costly and valuable gift they cannot imagine.5. How do you think the young boy may feel when he gets something to read?A. depressedB. frustratedC. excitedD. frightenedKeys:1. B 解析：根据文章最后一段，尤其是“Don't let the idea of elitism get to you. Everybody hasa right to the life they want.”以及“As long as you lead a happy and comfortable life, why bother to chase after other people's shadows? Choose your own life path and go for it.”2. D 解析：前文用了ugly, cheated, vulnerable victims, unhealthy等一系列负面的词批评可乐、薯条等垃圾食品，接着提到政府时，作者说Surprisingly, such behavior was strongly backed up by the government.(奇怪的是，这些行为得到了政府的支持)，由此可知，作者对政府的态度是否定的。

高三英语阅读理解态度观点题单选题30题1. In the conversation, the man says, "I think it's a brilliant idea." What is his attitude towards the idea?A. PositiveB. NegativeC. NeutralD. Doubtful答案：A。

解析：“brilliant”表示出色的、杰出的，男人说“这是个出色的主意”，表明他对这个主意持积极肯定的态度，所以选 A 选项。

B 选项“Negative”表示消极的；C 选项“Neutral”表示中立的；D 选项“Doubtful”表示怀疑的，均不符合男人的表述。

2. The woman responds, "I'm not so sure about that." What is her attitude?A. ConfidentB. UncertainC. OptimisticD. Enthusiastic答案：B。

解析：“not so sure”意思是不太确定，表明女人的态度是不确定的，所以选B 选项。

A 选项“Confident”表示自信的；C 选项“Optimistic”表示乐观的；D 选项“Enthusiastic”表示热情的，都不符合女人的回应。

3. The boy says, "I completely disagree." What is his stance?A. AgreeableB. OpposedC. IndifferentD. Hesitant答案：B。

解析：“completely disagree”意思是完全不同意，这表明男孩的立场是反对的，所以选B 选项。

A 选项“Agreeable”表示同意的；C 选项“Indifferent”表示漠不关心的；D 选项“Hesitant”表示犹豫的，均不符合男孩的表述。

2024届高考考点“阅读中观点理解与分析”示例与训练一、考题示例与命题走势命题从文本中找出内容，分别排列。

方式阐述示例之江轩《不让冷门绝学成“绝响”》——根据材料列出主要观点文本阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

前不久，2023年度国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项立项名单公布，95个项目入选。

这一动作引发关注，“冷门绝学”这一表述更是让人不由联想到武侠小说里的“秘籍绝技”。

其实从2018年起，我国就设立了“国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项”，2020年又增设冷门绝学团队项目，旨在抢救、整理、发掘和强化那些濒临消亡、研究薄弱，但具有文化传承价值与重要学术意义的特色学科。

套用生物界的说法，冷门绝学相当于“珍稀濒危物种”。

从学科领域看，冷门绝学涵盖甲骨学、简牍学、敦煌学、古文字学等。

比如甲骨学，主要研究我国上古时期甲骨文字。

作为我国最早的成系统文字，甲骨文是研究商周文化的第一手材料，可据以追索殷商时期的社会生活情况。

从甲骨文发现至今120多年来，已发现的甲骨文单字4000余个，比较好认的字陆续被认出，但也只有1500个左右。

中国文字博物馆曾发布“悬赏公告”：破译未释读甲骨文，单字奖励10万元；对存争议甲骨文作出新的释读，单字奖励5万元。

然而这份“悬赏令”，却鲜有人揭榜成功，其中艰难可见一斑。

有学者指出，冷门绝学之所以冷门，并不在于其学术生命力的枯竭，而是其与现实生活之间的关系较为疏离。

可以说，冷门绝学绝非无关紧要的“一笔”，而是“重要伏笔”。

冷门绝学也是济世之学。

习近平总书记强调，“要重视发展具有重要文化价值和传承意义的‘绝学’、冷门学科。

这些学科看上去同现实距离较远，但养兵千日、用兵一时，需要时也要拿得出来、用得上。

”保护冷门绝学就是在保护文化多样性，因为我们不知道哪块云彩有雨。

比如，拯救了无数人的青蒿素是屠呦呦团队从东晋葛洪《肘后备急方》等古籍中获得的灵感，而出土医学文献文物研究是典型的冷门绝学，中医古籍卷帙浩繁、晦涩难懂，研究者们在旧纸堆里苦苦寻觅，不仅要掌握医学知识，还要打破学术壁垒。

考点2 阅读理解之观点态度Part 5 真题演练（三年高考）1．A【来源】2023年北京卷英语真题【导语】本文为说明文。

文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。

推理推断题。

依据第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. (尽管很多ALifer厌烦强调他们争辩的应用，但制造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为制造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合其次段“So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。

高考英语阅读-观点态度题(总9页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--观点态度题典题示例第1招：辨别文体、捕捉反映行文基调的词语阅读理解Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common.the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do?A. Use words skillfullyB. Associate with listenersC. Make musical speechesD. Learn poems by heart第2招：利用人名或组织机构名称进行定位阅读理解… Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive green-design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. “I don't believe in the new green religion,” Gerner says.” Gerner says. “Some of the building t echnologies that you get are impractical. I'm interested in those that work.” But he wouldn't mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and so lar power. “You never know what's going to start the interest of a child to study math and science,” he says.does Gerner think of the ideas of green schools?A. They are out of date.B. They are questionable.C. They are practical.D. They are advanced.第3招：结合所举例子进行判断阅读理解For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery's, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club.is the author's opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience?A. . . . Self-centered.第4招：结合文章主题综合推断阅读理解Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists — everyone — is to work harder to make sure they get the help they are demanding to reach their potential. If we can't do it, they'll find someone who can.letter aims to remind editors that they should ______.A. give more freedom to their reportersB. keep their best reporters at all costsC. be aware of their reporters' professional developmentD. appreciate their reporters' working styles and attitudes即讲即练阅读理解1Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect. But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled — to $ per pack — smokers have jammed telephone “quit lines” across the country seeking to ki ck the habit.This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They've studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $ at one drugstore Wednesday. In Charleston, ., where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation, the price was $.The influence is obvious.In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys — %, far below the national average. By comparison, 26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky. Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records. Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.” That's true. But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place. As for today's adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better. text is mainly about ______.A. the effect of tobacco tax increaseB. the price of cigarettesC. the rate of teen smokingD. the differences in tobacco tax rate underlined word "deter" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______.A. benefitB. freeC. discourageD. remove' attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of ______.A. doubtB. sympathyC. unconcernD. tolerancecan we learn from the last paragraphA. Adults will depend more on their families.B. The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.C. Future generations will be hooked on smoking.D. Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.阅读理解2All too often, a choice that seems sustainable (可持续的) turns out on closer examination to be problematic. Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol (乙醇) for fuel from corn . Corn is a renewable resource — you can harvest it and grow more, almost limitlessly. So replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea.One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally, but that's not the end of the problem. Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people, which drives up the cost of food. That result leads to turning the fallow land — including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazil — into farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the air. Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help. You cannot really declare any practice “sustainable” until you have done a complete lift-cycle analysis of its environmental (环境的) costs. Even then, technology and public policy keep developing, and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired results. The admirable goal of living sustainable requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis.underline word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “______”.A. the forest lossB. burning ethanolC. climate changeD. the energy benefitauthor thinks that replacing gas with corn ethanol is ______.A. uselessB. ImpracticalC. AcceptableD. admirabledoes the author mainly discuss in the text?A. Technology.B. Environmental protection.C. Ethanol energy.D. Sustainability.阅读理解3While all my classmates seen to be crazy about a one-way ticket to Mars (火星), I'd rather say Mars is totally unsuitable for human existence. People won't have enough food supplies there, and the terrible environment would make it impossible for them to live a long life .Besides, the journey won't be safe. Can anybody explain to me just why people would go to Mars, never to return?Steve Minear, UKHere are the things you can think of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and glory… For scientists there is another reason. Their observations and research will probably lead to great scientific achievements.Donal Trollop, CanadaThere are already too many people on the Earth. I think that sometime before the end of the century, there will be a human colony (殖民地) on Mars. It will happen when people finally realize that two-way trips to the red planet Mars are unnecessary. Most of the danger of space flight is in the launches (发射) and landings. Cutting the trip home would therefore reduce the danger of accidents, save a lot of money, and open the way to building an everlasting human settlement on another world.Enough supplies can be sent on ahead. And every two years more supplies and more people will be sent to the new colony. Mars has all the materials for a colony to produce or make everything it needs, and Mars is far more pleasant than the other planets in the outer space.Paul Davies, USAmain purpose of Steve Minear's writing is ______.A. to show his agreement on going to MarsB. to invite an answer to his questionC. to report his classmates' discussionD. to explain the natural state of Marsof the following best states Donal Trollop's idea?A. It is possible to build an Earth-like environment on Mars.B. There are many reasons for going to Mars.C. There is a plan to send humans to Mars.D. Scientists become famous by doing research on Mars.does Paul Davies think of human existence on Mars?A. Humans will find Mars totally unsuitable for living.B. Humans will have to bring all they need from the Earth.C. Humans can produce everything they need.D. Humans can live longer in the colony on Mars.阅读理解4It was the summer of 1965. DeLuca, then 17, visited Peter Buck, a family friend. Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future. “I'm going to college, but I need a way to pay for it,” DeLuca recalls saying. “Buck said, ‘You should open a sandwich shop.'” That afternoon, they agreed to be partners. And they set a goal: to open 32 stores in ten years. After doing some research, Buck wrote a check for $1 000. DeLuca rented a storefront (店面) in Connecticut, and when they couldn't cover their start-up costs, Buck kicked in another $1 000. But business didn't go smoothly as they expected. DeLuca says, “After six months, we were doing poorly, but we didn't know how badly, because we didn't have any financial controls.” All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs. DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time. Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York. They'd meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running. “We convinced ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public, ‘We are so successful, we are opening a second store.'” And they did — in the spring of 1966. Still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error. But the partners' learn-as-you-go approach turned out to be their greatest strength. Every Friday, DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers. “It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn't necessary, but as a result, the suppliers got to know me very well, and the personal relationships established really helped out,” DeLuca says. And having a goal w as also important. “There are so many problems that can get you down. You just have to keep working toward your goal,” DeLuca adds. DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich, the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.of the following is true of Buck?A. He was studying at the University of Bridgeport.B. He was a professor of business administration.C. He put money into the sandwich business.D. He rented a storefront for DeLuca.can we learn about their first shop?A. It stood at an unfavorable place.B. It lowered the prices to promote sales.C. It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.D. It made no profits due to poor management.contributes most to their success according to the author?A. Learning by trial and error.B. Making friends with suppliers.C. Finding a good partner.D. Opening chain stores.阅读理解5Over the last 70 years, researchers have been studying happy and unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference. Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes. However, of all the factors, wealth and age are the top two. Money can buy a degree of happiness. But once you can afford to feed, clothe and house yourself, each extra dollar makes less and less difference. Researchers find that, on average, wealthier people are happier. But the link between money and happiness is complex. In the past half-century, average income has sharply increased in developed countries, yet happiness levels have remained almost the same. Once your basic needs are met, money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends, neighbors and colleagues. “Dollars buy status, and status makes people feel better,” conclude some experts, which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways — scientists or actors, for example —may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs. In a research, Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires — not just for money, but for friends, family, job, health — rose furthest beyond what they already had, tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap (差距). Indeed, the size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone. “The gap measures just blow away the only measures of income.” says Michalos. Another factor that has to do with happiness is age. Old age may not be so bad “Given all the problems of aging, how could the elderly be more satisfied” asks Professor Laura Carstensen. In one survey, Carstensen interviewed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94, and asked them to fill out an emotions questionnaire. She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people, but negative emotions much lessoften. Why are old people happier Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it, or they're more realistic about their goals, only setting ones that they know they can achieve. But Carstensen thinks that with time running out, older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don't. “People realize not only what they have, but also that what they have cannot last forever,” she says. “A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85, for example, may bring far more complex emotional responses than a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20.”to the passage, the feeling of happiness ______.A. has little to do with wealthB. increases gradually with ageC. is determined partly by genesD. is measured by desiresactors would like to accept poorly-paid jobs because the jobs ______.A. make them feel much betterB. provide chances to make friendsC. improve their social positionD. satisfy their professional interestspeople are more likely to feel happy because they are more ______.A. optimisticB. PracticalC. SuccessfulD. emotionalAlex Michalos found that people feel less happy if ______.A. they have a stronger desire for friendshipB. the hope for good health is greaterC. their income is below their expectationD. the gap between reality and desire is bigger阅读理解6One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in a “sea of technology” rather than experiencing the natural world. Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will change the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on child's play.Each of us has a place in nature we go sometimes, even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes. “If the decline in parks use cont inues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment (蚕食)” asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods. Without having a nature experience, kids can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives. That applies to everything from their physical health and mental health, to stress level, creativity and cognitive (认知的) skills. Experts predict modern kids will have poor health than their parents — and they say a lack of outside play is surely part of it; research suggests that kids do better academically in schools with a nature component and that play in nature fosters (培养) leadership by the smartest, not by the toughest. Even a tiny outdoor experience can create wonder in a child. The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he is not alone in the world. A clump of trees on the roadside can be the whole universe in his eyes. We really need to value that more. Kids are not to blame. They are over-protected and frightened. It is dangerous out there from time to time, but repetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood rite (仪式) of passage. Everyone, from developers, to schools and outdoorsy citizens, should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring, taking friendship in fields and woods that cement (增强) love, respect and need for the landscape. As present, we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature. This could yet be our greatest cause.main idea of Paragraph 2 is that ______.A. parks are in danger of being gradually encroachedB. Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the WoodsC. children are expected to develop into protectors of natureD. kids are missing the sense of wonder outdoorsto the author, children's breaking an arm is ______.A. the fault on the part of their parentsB. the natural experience in their growing-upC. the results of their own carelessness in playD. the effect of their repetitive stress from computerswriting this passage, the author mainly intends to ______.A. encourage children to protect parks from encroachmentB. show his concern about children's lack of experience in natureC. blame children for getting lost in computer gamesD. inspire children to keep the sense of wonder about things around阅读理解7Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change — to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before. Landscape (风景) is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the background. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography (摄影术) to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom. Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods. Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings. underlined word “poetry” most probably means ______.A. an object for artistic creationB. a natural sceneC. a collection of poemsD. an unusual qualityis the author's opinion of artistic reality?A. It is expressed in a fixed artistic form.B. It will not be found in future works of art.C. It does not have a long-lasting standard.D. It is lacking in modern works of art.does the author suggest about the arts in the last paragraph?A. They are considered important for variety in form.B. They express people's curiosity about the past.C. They make people interested in everyday experience.D. They are regarded as a mirror of the human situation.of the following is the main topic of the passage?A. Basic questions of the arts.B. Use of modern technology in the arts.C. New developments in the arts.D. History of the arts.阅读理解8Hunting The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive. Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely out earliest forefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals. I believethe main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself. The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives (动机). One of them wrote. “You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal's own territory (领地). You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals. Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing — not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people.” I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears (矛) and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger- shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.is the author's view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?A. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons.B. Modern hunters should put their safety first.C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers.D. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face.。