后面有练习
最后是练习的答案，包括词汇和难点解析。都是我一个一个字打上去的
高考考纲中对考生阅读理解部分的要求如下：（1）理解主旨和要义（2）理解文中具体信息（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度（5）理解文章的基本结构
对应有（1）主旨大意题（2）细节与推理判断题（3）词义猜测提（4）观点态度题（5）篇章结构题五种基本的阅读理解题型。
今天我们要讲的就是五种基本题型之一的观点态度题
例一、[2009年陕西卷]―Old wives’ tales‖ are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents’ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do ce rtain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time.
Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now
re port that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration….
Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales. After all, much of t his knowledge has been accumulated from thousands of years of experience in family health care. …
54. What is the author’s attitude toward ―old wives’ tales‖ in the text?
A. Subjective
B. Objective
C. Dissatisfied
D. Curious
例二、The internet will open up new vistas (前景), create the global village—you can make new friends all around the world. That, at least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account. The reality is that we cannot keep relationships with more than a limited number of people. No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind.
The problem is twofold（双重的）. First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline （减弱）until eventually it dies into ―someone I once knew‖.
This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesn’t serve a socially valuable function. Of course it does. But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to more to the other side of the world.
In one sense, that’s a good thing. But it also has a disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certainly you aren’t using your time to make new friends where you now live. And I suspect that probably isn’t the best use of your time. Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face. The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it won’t stop that happening eventually.
75、What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the internet to strengthen relationships?
A. He is uncertain about it.
B. He is hopeful of it.
C. He approves of it.
D. He doubts it.
例三、This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.
30、What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A.Tolerant
B.Doubtful
C.Respectful
D.Supportive
引类问题的几种提问方式
(1)What’s the writer’s attitude to …?
(2)What’s the tone of the passage?
(3)The author’s view is _______
(4)The writer’s attitude of .this passage is apparently _________
(5)The author’s opinion could be best described as_________
(6)Which of the following statements would the author be LEAST /MOST likely to agree with?
(7)Which of the following statements indicates the author’s attitude toward ____?
推测作者的写作意图时，必须要先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述重点和材料的安排。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者；广告类英文文的目的一般是为了推销产品或者服务；议论文的目的是要阐述观点；科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识，帮助大家广文博见。
大家做题之前，应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。
表示客观的词：objective, impartial, neutral（中立的），disinterested无私的unbiased没有偏见的unprejudiced公平的，无偏见的factual事实的，实际的informative提供信息的
主观的/偏见的：subjective, prejudiced, biased, partial
漠不关心：Indifferent, uninterested, carefree, detached, unconcerned
困惑、迷茫不知所措的：confused, perplexed, puzzled, ambiguous
感情色彩深、程度深：enthusiastic, strong, completely, radical
程度较浅，谨慎的：preserved, qualified, tempered, guarded
积极意义的：positive肯定的，积极的favorable赞成的，有利的consent赞成，同意supportive支持的，支援的defensive辩护的，保卫的optimistic乐观的confident自信的，确信的respectful尊敬的approval 赞成，承认sympathetic赞成，支持humorous幽默的sober清醒的
消极意义的：negative否定的，消极的critical批评的sarcastic（讽刺的）worried焦虑的，担心的pessimistic 悲观的apprehensive忧虑的opposed反对的suspicious怀疑的doubtful可疑的，不确定的ironic说反话的，讽刺的disapproval不赞成objection反对，不赞成opposition反对criticism批评，批判indignant 气愤的
做观点态度题时要注意：
1.注意不要把我们自己的好恶态度糅进其中，不要用带有主观倾向的视角评判作者态度。
2.作者引用别人的观点时，我们勿必分辨清楚作者引用的观点是作为支持还是反对的例证，要注意区分作者本人的态度和作者引用的观点的态度。
3.有作者观点、态度是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定。对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩旺旺隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或者副词如：fortunately, excessively, too many等
练习
一、You may not have heard of Ashoka，but for the past 27 years，this association，founded by Bill Drayton，has fought poverty（贫困）and sickness，promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes，Ashoka provides money for the world’s most promising ―changemakers‖ seeking to solve（解决）urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.
75、The author’s attitude towards Ashoka’s program can be described as .
A.changing
B.forgiving
C.cautious
D.positive
二、[2009年浙江卷]Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at photo 51. It wasn’t much -–a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Willkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.
Her name was Rosalind Franklin. ―if her photo hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.‖ one reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitions.
…
What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return,‖ …
As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers…Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that ―Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.‖
No, Franklin was the solution. ―She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discove rer,‖ …
64. What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?
A Disapproving. B. Respectful. C. Admiring. D. Doubtful.
三、[2009全国I卷]
We spent about two hours in Nancy, then sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine. Kind of a lazy day, eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner. After dinner we watched a tape on Baccarat, where we will visit tomorrow.
It was pleasant to sit out on deck (甲板) and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph.
Today we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey. This river scenery is very different. We were in a mountain valley with grassland on one side and a forest beginning to show some color on the other.
79. What does the author think of the tour?
A. Tiring.
B. Expensive.
C. Enjoyable.
D. Quick.
四、Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists（心理学家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival（生存）.
Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. The writer of the text has a ____ attitude towards dangerous sports.
A. positive（肯定的）
B. negative（否定的）
C. neutral （中立的）
D. Nervous
五、Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around. And judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I'm not alone in my opinion. (2008年浙江卷D篇)
54. What was the writer’s attitude towards jogging in the beginning?
A. He felt it was worth a try.
B. He was very fond of it.
C. He was strongly against it.
D. He thought it must be painful.
六、[2009年浙江卷]In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh(法老) treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.
Shades of that spirit spread over today’s conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a
smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, ―Oh boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it’s going to rain.‖ I wanted to strike him on the race with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his smile.
It’s not the news that makes someone angry. It’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s delivered. …
57. In the writer’s opinion, his neighbor was ________.
A. friendly
B. warm-hearted
C. not considerate
D. not helpful
七、On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father's friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate at the street table, and laughed over my son's funny facial expressions. Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before? (2008年全国卷I A篇)
58. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?
A. More critical.
B. More talkative.
C. Gentle and friendly.
D. Strict and hard-working.
需要强调的是，学生在解答作者观点、态度和意图题时往往易犯主观臆断、凭空想象、随意揣测、以自己的观点代替作者的观点等错误。因此，要特别注意以下几个问题：
1.对于新闻报道，作者往往持中立态度。而对于议论文，作者的态度要么支持，要么反对，带
中立色彩的选项常常是错误的。同时，感情色彩过于强烈的表达也应该排除。
2.不要加入自己的态度。要注意区分考察的是作者的态度还是作者引用的别人的态度
3.当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要根据作者在文章中所运用的具有褒贬含义的词语去判断作
者的态度，如wonderfully，successfully，unfortunately，doubtful等。
4.注意辨认那些是事实，哪些是观点，并在此基础上将上下文联系起来分析，最后确认文章所
陈述的内容到底代表了作者的观点
课后练习：
一、Autumn means different things to different people．―It all depends on your personality，‖said British naturalist Richard Mabey．―Personality shapes your view of the season，‖he said．―You may see it as a fading-away，a packing up（结束），or as a time of packing in another sense—the exciting gathering of resources before a long journey．‖
If this is true，perhaps it tells us a little about，for instance，Thomas Hood，the 19th Century English poet．About November，he wrote：
No warmth，no cheerfulness，no healthful ease
No shade，no shine，no butterflies，no bees
November!
On the other hand，another English poet John Keats，already sensing he was seriously ill，was inspired by a late September day to pen one of the most famous poems in the English language，To Autumn．He wrote to a friend afterwards that there was something comforting and healing about it．According to Richard Mabey，Keats has the biological evidence on his side．Autumn is not a time of slowing down，but a time of new beginnings and great movements of creatures．For example，just at the moment that Keats’s ―gathering swallows‖（in To Autumn）are departing for Africa，millions of creatures are fleeing from the frozen north like Iceland，Greenland and Russia to winter along the east and south coasts of Britain．According to scientists，before falling，the leaves transfer their chlorophyll（叶绿素）and carbohydrates into the woody parts of the tree for safe keeping over winter．What remains is the natural antioxidants（防老剂）in the leaves：the yellow and orange carotenoids（类胡萝卜素），and another protective chemical specially produced for autumn，the bright-red anthocyanin（花青素）．High color is not a signal of deterioration（退化）and decline，but of detox（排毒的）ability and good health．
A century after Keats，the American poet Loren Eiseley wrote in his journal：―Suppose we saw ourselves burning like maples in a golden autumn．And that we could break up like autumn leaves．．． dropping their substance like chlorophyll．Would not our attitude towards death be different?‖
1、From Thomas Hood’s poem，we may infer that ______．
A.he suffered a lot from cold November
B.he missed the shining summer days very much
C.he had a negative attitude towards autumn
D.he enjoyed butterflies and bees very much
2、In autumn，leaves turn yellow before falling because ______．
A.they can’t bear the freezing
B.they can’t get enough water from the wood part
C.chlorophyll and carbohydrates have been lost through leaves
D.chlorophyll and carbohydrates have come back to the wood part
3、From the passage we can learn that ______．
A.autumn has different faces in different people’s eyes
B.John Keats was a good biologist as well as a poet
C.all creatures move from the cold north to Britain for winter
D.the three poets were only known for their poems about autumn
4、Which word can best describe Loren Eiseley’s attitude towards autumn?
A.Fearful．
B.Optimistic．
C.Doubtful．
D.Realistic．
5、What does the underlined sentence mean?
A.Man can never live long，just as leaves must leave the tree annually．
B.Man is different from autumn leaves，which will come again the next spring．
C.Man should have a positive attitude towards death，quite different from autumn leaves．
D.Man should treat death calmly，just as autumn leaves fall to the ground．
二、When I was young I wanted to be a model，so when a national contest was staged，I convinced my parents to take me for an audition（试演）．I was selected and told I had potential．They said that for only $900 I could attend a weekend event which dozens of the most prestigious（有声望的）modeling agencies from around the world would attend．At 13，my hopes of fame and fortune clouded all judgment and I begged my parents to let me go．We have never been rich，but they saw my enthusiasm and agreed．
I imagined being signed by some famous model companies．For months，any boredom or disappointment I faced was pushed aside because I knew 1 would soon have the chance to be a real model．I thought I would grace the covers of famous magazines!
Of course，1 wasn’t signed，but what hurt the mo st was being told that if I grew to 5′9″（about 1.75 metres）I could be a success．I prayed for a growth spurt（冲刺）because I could not imagine giving up my dream．I made an appointment with a local modeling agency and the agent demanded $500 for classes，$500 for a photo shoot，and $300 for other expenses．My parents only agreed after hours and hours of my begging．The agency sent me out on a few auditions，but with every day I didn’t receive a call，I grew more depressed．The final straw came in July after I had decided to focus on commercial modeling．There was an open call in New York City．We spent hours driving and another few hours waiting，only to be told that 1 was too short．I was devastated（极度不安的）．
Years later，I realized that the trip to New York was good as it made me notice I didn’t actually love modeling，just the idea of it．I wanted to be special and I was innocently determined to reach an impossible goal．The experience has made me stronger and that will help me in the future．
1、What’s the main reason why t he author wanted to be a model?
A.She won a national contest．
B.She wanted to get reputation and wealth．
C.She was urged by some modeling agencies．
D.She had full potential to be a successful model．
2、What’s the author’s parents’ attitude toward her dream?
A.Encouraging．
B.Worried．
C.Doubtful．
D.Enthusiastic．
3、What was it that made the author end her attempt to become a model?
A.Her parents were strongly against it．
B.She realized that it was impossible for her．
C.Even a local modeling agency turned her down．
D.She realized that she didn’t actually love the idea of modeling．
4、The underlined phrase ―The final straw‖ probably means ______．
A.the last in a series of bad things that happen to make someone very upset，angry，etc
B.the final result that she was admitted by the model company
C.the final audition given by the agency
D.the decision that she made at last not to be a model any more
5、What did the author learn from her experience of struggling to be a model?
A.Where there’s a will there’s a way．
B.Being a model is not that easy．
C.We should have our own judgment and should not just follow others．
D.We might set unpractical goals but the experience can help us grow．
三、Nowadays more and more traditional businessmen feel worried that growing e-commerce will decrease their share of the market．
According to a survey，90％of some people’s purchases are made on the computer．As they find that by being able to go shopping online and choose the things that they need，and have them delivered right to their doorsteps，they could no longer be bothered with driving，the crowds，the noise of that，and they usually get a better selection．But sometimes they are cheated only to get the things they hate．
Cornell University Marketing Professor Edward McLaughlin says traditional stores can keep their customers by offering goods like clothing，which customers may want to see and try on before purchasing，as well as items that are difficult to transport．He says some traditional stores are also pleasing customers with services such as setting up or repairing computers and other electronic equipment．Traditional stores also offer social experiences that some shoppers enjoy．There is still a lot of emotion in the buying decision that takes place．Often times，you need that last sense of ―this is exactly what I want before you part with money．And you can’t always get that online．It’s a rather cold process．As more and more people have Internet access and smart phones，online commerce is likely to continue its growth here in the United States and in other countries．
1、Traditional businessmen feel upset because ______．
A.people like to have their goods taken good care of
B.growing online sales will seize their share of the market
C.more and more young people purchase things on the computer
D.consumers can always get a better selection by shopping online
2、According to McLaughlin，some traditional stores are keeping customers by______．
A.giving customers electronic toys as presents
B.making their goods better and cheaper
C.delivering goods to each doorstep
D.providing customers with extra services
3、From the fourth paragraph，we know that ______．
A.online shoppers tend to be friendly to each other
B.the process of shopping online is full of emotion
C.making buying decisions in traditional shops is difficult
D.some shoppers like the social environment in traditional stores
4、What is the author’s attitude towards the future online commerce?
A.Optimistic．
B.Doubtful．
C.Worried．
D.Concerned．
四、Last summer, two nineteenth-century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montana, to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco. The houses were made of wood. These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil; now they hold Twitter engineers.
The cottages could be an example of the industry’s odd love affair with ―low technology,‖ a concept associated with the natural world, and with old-school craftsmanship (手艺) that exists long before the
Internet era. Low technology is not virtual (虚拟的)—so, to take advantage of it, Internet companies have had to get creative. The rescued wood cottages, fitted by hand in the late eighteen-hundreds, are an obvious example, but Twitter’s designs lie on the extreme end. Oth er companies are using a broader interpretation (阐释) of low technology that focuses on nature.
Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees, so that employees can ―work and socialize in a more natural, park-like setting‖ At Google’s office, an entire floor is carpeted in grass. Facebook’s second Menlo park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail.
Olle Lundberg, the founder of Lundberg Design, has worked with many tech companies over the years.
―We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives. and our tech engineers are the ones who feel most impoverished (贫乏的), because they’re surrounded by the digital world,‖he says. ―They’re looking for a way to regain their individual identity, and we’re found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that. ‖This craft-based theory is rooted in history. William Morris, the English artist and writer, turned back to
pre-industrial arts in the eighteen-sixties, just after the Industrial Revolution. The Arts and Crafts movement defin ed itself against machines. ―Without creative human occupation, people became disconnected from life,‖ Morris said.
Research has shown that natural environments can restore (恢复) our mental capacities. In Japan, patients are encouraged to ―forest-bathe,‖ taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure.
These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. Rachel Kaplan, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environments. Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office—even simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying. If low-tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then, fine, bring on the cottage.
50、The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show that ________.
A.Twitter is having a hard time
B.old cottages are in need of protection
C.early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in Montana
D.Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of low technology
51、Low technology is regarded as something that ________.
A. is related to nature
B.is out of date today
C. consumes too much energy
D.exists in the virtual world
52、The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that human beings ________.
A.have destroyed many pre-industrial arts
B.have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts
C.can become intelligent by learning history
D.can regain their individual identity by using machines
53、The writer’ s attitude to ―low technology‖can best be described as ________.
A. positive
B.defensive
C. cautious
D.doubtful
54、What might be the best title for the passage?
A.Past Glories, Future Dreams.
B.The Virtual World, the Real Challenge.
C.High-tech Companies, Low-tech Offices.
D.The More Craftsmanship, the Less Creativity.
五、Does Fame Drive You Crazy?
Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today，s stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature!
According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities — famous people — worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. ―Over time,‖ Villarreal says, ―they feel separated and alone.‖
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B.C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their ―story‖ alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome, why aren’t al l celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.
63、It can be learned from the passage that stars today .
A. are often misunderstood by the public
B. can no longer have their privacy protected
C. spend too much on their public appearance
D. care little about how they have come into fame
64、What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Great heroes of the past were generally admired.
B. The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.
C. Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.
D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.
65、What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?
A. Availability of modern media.
B. Inadequate social recognition.
C. Lack of favorable chances.
D. Huge population of fans.
66、What is the author’s attitude toward modern celebrity?
A. Sincere.
B. Sceptical.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic.
六、If you exhibit positive characteristics such as honesty and helpfulness，the chances are that you will be thought as a good-looking person，for a new study has found that the perception（认知）of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person’s personality．
The study，which was led by Gary W．Lewandowski，has found that people who exhibit negative characteristics，such as unfairness and rudeness，appear to be less physically attractive to observers．In the study，the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information about their personalities．
After personality information was received，participants also rated the probabil ity of each individual’s becoming a friend and a dating partner．Information on personality was found to significantly change the probability，showing that cognitive（认知的）processes modify（修改）judgments of attractiveness．
―Thinking a person as having a desirabl e personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind，‖said Lewandowski．
The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater expectation of becoming friends，which leads to greater expectation of becoming romantic partners and，finally，to being viewed as more physically attractive．The findings remained consistent regardless of how ―attractive‖ the individual was formerly thought to be or of the participants’ current relationship status．
―This resear ch provides a positive outcome by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness；it can even change people’s impressions of how good-looking you are，‖said Lewandowski．
1、In the study the participants were required to ______．
A.try to make friends with each other
B.try to prove positive characters make people more attractive
C.exhibit negative characters such as unfairness and rudeness
D.rate one’s attractiveness by photos before and after knowing her or his personal ity
2、What’s the CORRECT order of how cognitive processes mo dify judgments of _____attractiveness? a．find a person with a positive personality
b．view the person more physically attractive
c．want to make friends with the person
d．want to be his/her romantic partner
A.a→c→d→b
B.d→c→b→a
C.c→b→a→d
D.a→d→c→b
3、Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A.The research reminds people to pay more attention to the personality．
B.Personality can change people’s impressions of one’s appearance．
C.The judgment of one’s attractiveness always stays unchanged．
D.Positive personality may lead to more friends．
4、The passage is written in a（n）______tone．
A.subjective
B.objective
C.sceptical
D.negative
5、Who are the intended readers of this passage?
A.People with positive characteristics．
B.Good-looking people．
C.People with negative characteristics．
D.General people．
观点态度类阅读理解练习题答案
一、CDABD二、BCBAD三、BDDA
四、DABAC五、BBAD六、DACBD
一、四会词汇:fade away消退，衰弱in another sense另外一种意义上的，从另一种意义上来说
inspire激发，激励flee fled fled逃离transfer转移poet诗人poem诗歌
难点解析:naturalist自然主义者comforting and healing慰藉的和治愈的biological evidence生物学证据Gathering swallows（in To Autumn）are departing for Africa: gathering swallows成群的燕子depart
for=leave for出发去某地departure n.出发，离开
To Autumn济慈的《秋颂》约翰·济慈，出生于18世纪末年的伦敦，杰出的英国诗人作家之一，浪漫派的主要成员。济慈才华横溢，与雪莱、拜伦齐名。
carbohydrate碳水化合物carbon碳hydra是一个和―水‖相关的词根。
二、四会词汇:contest比赛convince使…确信，说服select选择sign签约make an appointment with和…有约会/会面depressed压抑的，抑郁的commercial商业的innocent无辜的，天真无邪的
难点解析:modeling agency模特经济公司
Hopes of fame and fortune clouded all judgment对出名和财富的渴求蒙蔽了我的判断
Photo shoot照片拍
I thought I would grace the covers of famous magazines!我原本以为可以登上著名杂志的封面grace原本是名词，优雅的意思，这里是给…增光，使…生辉的意思。在作者的意识里，她觉得自己将会是超级
大明星，登杂志不是她求杂志社，而是杂志社应该以请到她为荣。
三、四会词汇:decrease=decline下降，减少cheat欺骗，(考试)作弊marketing市场营销electronic电子，
电子的
难点解析:e-commerce电子商务purchase购买
Have them delivered: deliver送货have/make/get sth done使某事被做(让别人做)emotion情感seize抓住四、四会词汇:cottage小屋，村舍concept概念take advantage of利用campus校园，园区apply to应用
于…(apply for申请…)be regarded as被认为是…consume消费v.consumption消费n.consumer消费者
难点解析:
odd古怪的，love affair恋爱，恋情
These cottages once housed early settlers:这些小屋为早期的定居者提供栖身之house这里做动词，表示为…提供住的地方settler定居者
old-school古老流派，这里的―school‖指学派，流派
era时代be rooted in history植根于历史fitted by hand手工装配
sphere球体范围industrial revolution工业革命
capacity能力environmental psychology环境心理学
restorative effects修复效果，复原效果nourish滋养
bring on推出，释放
五、四会词汇:at the center of在…的中心thrilling激动人心的，惊悚的signature n.签名phenomenon(pl.
phenomena)现象victory胜利ridiculous荒谬可笑的focus on聚焦于…，集中注意力于…justice正义，公平，司法(skeptical /skeptical怀疑的)
难点解读:
celebrity名人，社会名流
lose track of与…失去联系，忘记
Tabloids of the1920s and 1930s ran articles about这里的run是―刊登，发表‖的意思
Public figure公众人物
(privacy隐私target目标social recognition社会认同)
六、四会词汇:the chances are that很有可能………
bethought/considered/viewed/referred to/regarded as被认为是
unfairness n.不公正in general大体上consistent一致的outcome结果
难点解析:If you exhibit positive/negative characteristics如果你展示出自己正面/负面的性格特征
The participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information about their personalities.给受试者看一组异性的照片，并对这些异性的吸引力进行评价，再告诉这些受试者这些异性的性格特点，然后再让他们评价一次rate:速度，速率，税率，这里做动词，―评价‖的意思。
significantly显著地
dating partner约会的对象
desirable personality理想的个性
desirable想要的，合意的，受欢迎的
current relationship status当前的感情状态
高考考纲中对考生阅读理解部分的要求如下：（1）理解主旨和要义（2）理解文中具体信息（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度（5）理解文章的基本结构 对应有（1）主旨大意题（2）细节与推理判断题（3）词义猜测提（4）观点态度题（5）篇章结构题五种基本的阅读理解题型。 今天我们要讲的就是五种基本题型之一的观点态度题 例一、 [2009年陕西卷]“Old wives’ tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another. For example, most of us remember our parents’ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time. Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration…. Even though scie nce can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated from thousands of years of experience in family health care. … 54. What is the author’s attitude toward “old wives’ tales” in the text? A. Subjective B. Objective C. Dissatisfied D. Curious 例二、The internet will open up new vistas (前景), create the global village—you can make new friends all around the world. That, at least, is what it promised us. The difficulty is that it did not take the human mind into account. The reality is that we cannot keep relationships with more than a limited number of people. No matter how hard the internet tries to put you in communication, its best efforts will be defeated by your mind. The problem is twofold（双重的）. First, there is a limit on the number of people we can hold in mind and have a meaningful relationship with. That number is about 150 and is set by the size of our brain. Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest （投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribute what’s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline （减弱）until eventually it dies into “someone I once knew”. This is not, of course, to say that the internet doesn’t serve a socially valuable function. Of course it does. But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle to include the rest of the world, but that you can keep your relationships with your existing friends going even though you have to more to the other side of the world. In one sense, that’s a goo d thing. But it also has a disadvantage. If you continue to invest in your old friends even though you can no longer see them, then certainly you aren’t using your time to make new friends where you now live. And I suspect that probably isn’t the best use of your time. Meaningful relationships are about being able to communicate with each other, face to face. The internet will slow down the rate with which relationships end, but it won’t stop that happening eventually. 75、What is the author’s attitude towards the use of the internet to strengthen relationships? A. He is uncertain about it. B. He is hopeful of it. C. He approves of it. D. He doubts it. 例三、This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the
高中英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧 CHN 纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查 的重点，自始至终占主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。做好阅读理解，是 获得高考英语高分的关键。 阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1.阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细 节。 2.既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3.既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4.既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理 和判断。 5.既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解 判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型： 主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物 评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题-- 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概 括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主 题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点， 寻找解题的方法--。 常见题型 1.主题型：What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2.标题型：What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) . 3.目的型：The main purpose of this text is . The author’s purpose of writing this text is to . What’s the main purpose of the passage? 解题指导 1.抓住主题句。它们一般位于文章的开头或结尾。同时，也可以贯穿各 段中心句进行总结。 2.抓住文章逻辑线索，理清发展脉络。作者往往会采取举例、
观点态度题 典题示例 第1招：辨别文体、捕捉反映行文基调的词语 阅读理解 Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings. This clever use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can express his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly, or they will make our speech silly and common. 1.In the last paragraph, what does the author suggest that we should do? A. Use words skillfully B. Associate with listeners C. Make musical speeches D. Learn poems by heart 第2招：利用人名或组织机构名称进行定位 阅读理解 … Surprisingly, the man responsible for one of the most progressive green-design competitions has doubts about ideas of eco-friendly buildings. “I don't believe in the new green religion,” Gerner says.” Gerner says. “Some of the building technologies that you get are impractical. I'm interested in those that work.” But he wouldn't mind if some green features inspire students. He says he hopes to set up green energy systems that allow them to learn about the process of harvesting wind and solar power. “You neve r know what's going to start the interest of a child to study math and science,” he says. 2.What does Gerner think of the ideas of green schools? A. They are out of date. B. They are questionable. C. They are practical. D. They are advanced. 第3招：结合所举例子进行判断 阅读理解 For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. But at Mallery's, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club. 3.What is the author's opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience? A. Conservative. B. Generous. C. Easy-going. D. Self-centered. 第4招：结合文章主题综合推断 阅读理解 Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists — everyone — is to work harder to make sure they get the help they are demanding to reach their potential. If we can't do it, they'll find someone who can. 4.The letter aims to remind editors that they should ______. A. give more freedom to their reporters B. keep their best reporters at all costs C. be aware of their reporters' professional development D. appreciate their reporters' working styles and attitudes
高考英语阅读理解题题型解读与应试技巧高考英语试卷阅读理解占40分，居各题型之首。可以说阅读理解能力的高低；是能否取得高考英语好成绩的关键之所在。同时还有完形填空、阅读表达、阅读填空等题型，其实质都在考查学生们的阅读理解能力。纵观近几年各省市高考英语卷中阅读理解，考生出现的错误大多集中在文章能轻松读懂而题目偏难的陷阱题中。所以要想提高阅读理解得分，不仅需要提高自身英语基础，还要掌握高考试题出题思路、出题规律以及各类型题的解题技巧。 1．事实细节题： 一般针对某个特定的细节而提出，难度较小，属浅层理解。考生通过通读全文后可直接找出答题依据。细节理解题有三种题型：纯细节题、计算题、细节推断题。三类题中细节推断题一般难度较大，考生要细细推敲。从最近几年的高考题看来细节理解题占了考题的一半左右。 设题方式： ①单词替换 ②颠倒因果 ③扩大范围 ④常识判断 解题秘诀：回扣原文 ①根据题干所及的时间、地点、人物等回扣原文。特别注意：五个w (who, which, when, where, what), 一个h (how)以及其它特殊之处 ②根据设题顺序回扣原文所在语句，比较有效信息。如数字、日期、时间等。 ③根据题干中的关键词或其同义词回扣原文（如名词、动词、形容词） ④回扣原文中的难句定位，一般来说，难句都是出题点。这时应注意文中的 同位语，破折号，括号，省略号等 实例解析： 1．2003年高考英语阅读理解题第56题： It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha _________. A. was named after its discoverer B. got its name from Holland settlers
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是： 1．阅读材料，理解材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节。2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。 3．既理解文章的字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。 4．既理解某句、某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应具有的常识去理解判断。 根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解多项选择题归纳为以下几种题型：主题主旨大意，细节理解题，综合推理题，概括归纳题，观点归纳题，人物评价题，词义句义理解题，指代关系题，内容排序题等。 下面结合自己平时教学中的经验体会，谈一谈做英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略。 一．主旨大意题 阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括与总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。每篇短文都有其主题思想，而作者表现主题思想的手法各不相同。这就需要我们挖掘相同点，寻找解题的方法。 常见题型： 1．主题型： What’s the main idea of this passage ? What does this passage mainly discuss? What’s the topic of this passage ? 2．标题型： What’s the best title? The best title for this text is (to tell ) ————. 3．目的型： The main purpose of this text is ————. The author’s purpose o f writing this text is to ————. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
2019年高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解 习题讲4【观点态度推理判断题】 [典例](2018·浙江高考阅读C节选) ... The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption,climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L．Friedman.He fears the worst,but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design,build and export green technologies for producing clean water,clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.” 30．What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future? A．Ambiguous.B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful.D．Tolerant. [解析]选C根据选段第一段中的“hopes for the best”和第二段可知，Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇，由此可知Friedman对美国未来是充满希望的，故选C。 [干扰项分析]A项意为“模棱两可的”；B项意为“感到怀疑的”；D项意为“容忍的”。要排除干扰项，先要弄清各干扰项的意思，是表示支持或肯定、中立还是反对或否定，然后再对照文章的内容一一排除。 [增分技巧] (1)根据文章体裁推断观点、态度。 议论文文章的论点往往会直接或间接的表明作者的态度立场 说明文作者往往采取中立的态度 记叙文作者往往不直接提出观点，但常常有某种倾向性，读文时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词或短语 (2)不要掺杂自己的观点。要学会区分不同的观点，尤其要善于找出作者的观点。考生要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语，出现的观点一般是当事人的观点，而不是作者的观点。作者的观点一般用in my opinion/view,personally,I think,I hold等词语引出。 (3)牢记常见有关作者观点态度的词语。 ①表示支持或肯定：appreciative欣赏的；approving赞成的，同意的；favorable赞同的；positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；hopeful充满希望的。 ②表示中立：ambiguous模棱两可的；cautious谨慎的；uncaring冷漠的；unconcerned 不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的。 ③表示反对或否定：disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的，
阅读理解题型分析 1.阅读理解题型的特点 （1）所选材料来源与实际生活，而且使用语言地道。 （2）体裁常见的有记叙文，说明文；议论文和应用文等。 （3）题材广泛包括了政治、经济、文化、科普、人物、故事、社会现象、地理风情，新闻报道等内容。 （4）阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类：叙述文、说明文和议论文。1）、叙述文叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。但是在考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文，因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。 所以中考中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。这类文章的基本结构模式是： ①一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题) ②叙述先前的经历及其感悟或发现 ③叙述接下来的经历及其感悟或发现 ④做出总结或结论 2）、说明文（描述文）说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即：提出问题（或以一个事例引出问题）---- 发现直接原因----- 分析深层原因-----得出结论或找到出路。知道了类似的文章结构特点，就可以据此来进行考题预测。比如，我们看出了该篇文章属于这种结构类型，就能判断出几个问题中肯定有一个要问原因，还有可能要出现推断题。
3）、议论文我们大家最容易辨认出来的议论文模式是主张---反主张模式。在这一模式中，作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者说提出反主张或真实情况。议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。 只要发现了这种结构特点，解答问题的主要任务就变成了到段落内找答案，基本上不存在任何困难。 2.题型 2.1 细节判断题 以原文中某一句话或某一个短语为入手点，考查学生对细节的理解。很多同学在做这种题目时比较喜欢在选项中寻找原文中的句子，但往往照抄原文的句子并不一定是正确选项。做这类题目时，应关注选项和原句的细微差别，选择与原文意思和所问问题都相符的答案。 2.2 单词释义或句意解释题 要求考生以上下文内容为参考，尝试理解文中出现的生词、短语或句子。这类题目的解题关键在于其上下文，因为在考查点前后出现的内容往往是对这个词的解释、说明、举例等。 2.3主旨大意题 如果是考查整篇文章的主旨大意，可以把文中每段的首句串起来考虑。若是仅考查某一段落的中心思想，则可将该段的首、尾句综合起来考虑。 2.4标题选择题
英语阅读理解推理判断之观点态度题 真题感悟： (2018·浙江，C) As cultural symbols go，the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago，with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them. Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture：the roadside diner，the billboard，the motel，even the hamburger.For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel，the road movie，these are the most typical American ideas，born of abundant petrol，cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system，the largest public works project in history. In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then，this society has moved onward，never looking back，as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power. The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption，climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L．Friedman.He fears the worst，but hopes for the best. Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.” 30．What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future? A．Ambiguous. B．Doubtful. C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.
高考英语阅读理解9 大题型 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
高考英语阅读理解9大题型+解题技巧 英语考的好不好，看阅读理解错几个就知道了。阅读理解如何快速提升？这几个秘诀帮你助攻↓ 阅读理解的题型设置 要想做好阅读理解题，首先要对阅读理解的题型设置非常熟悉。阅读理解的题型归纳起来无外乎以下几种。 1.猜测词义常见设题方式为： (1)What does the underlined wordphrase inPara. X probably means according to the passage (2)What does the bold word in the passage refer toetc. 2.归纳大意和逻辑推理常见设题方式为： (1)What’s the main idea of the passage (2)What can we learn from the passage (3)What can we infer from the passage 3.确定标题常见设题方式为： (1)Which of the following can act as the title of this passage (2)What’s the best title of the passage 4.正误判断常见设题方式为： (1)Which of the following statements is TrueFalse accordingto the passage (2)which of the following statements is(not)mentioned in thepassage 5.事件排序常见设题方式为： (1)Which is the right order of the events mentioned in thepassage 6.作者意图或态度常见设题方式为： (1)What’s the author’swriter’s attitude towards somethingaccording to the passage (2)What does the author want to tell us 根据题型找到方法 1.例证题 ①例证题的标记。当题干中出现 example,case,illustrate,illustration,exem plify时。 ②返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。 ③搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。 注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。 ④找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。 ⑤例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。 即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。(╳) 要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。 2.指代题 ①返回原文，找出出题的指代词。 ②向上搜索，找最近的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远)。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。 ④将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。 3.词汇题：“搜索代入”法 ①返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。 ②确定该词汇的词性 ③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适
一、题型介绍 阅读理解通常是给出一篇短文，在短文后面附有若干个根据文章内容设计测试题，它不仅要求单词，懂得语法结构，了解文章的字面意思，而且要有根据短文的意思进行逻辑推理和抽象概括的能力。题型分为客观题和主观题两种。 二、解题技巧 1、先对文章泛读一遍，再将文章中的问题细读一遍，然后带着问题去精读文章（特别是文章比较长时），阅读时要特别注意开头段（观点）、结尾段（结论）及各段的首句（主题句），这样有助于解决问题的关键，有针对性。从整体上理解短文的大意及中心思想，领会出题人的意图。切忌人为地将短文搞得支离破碎，逐词逐句地去感知材料，看一句或几句做一个题目，这样会影响答题的正确率。但是对于一些长句和难句要做语法分析，以便掌握阅读理解短文的大意和每个句子的确切含义。短文的开头和结尾往往是全文内容的概括，对初一阅读理解、推理都会有很大的帮助。 2、从文中找出关键词，短语或句子进行分析判断，遇到生词不要慌，可以根据上下午猜测生词的含义，也根据词根推出生词的含义，还可以跳过，往往在上下文的理解中可以推出生词的含义。特别审题时要弄清楚试题问的是细节（如人物、时间、地点）还是主题大意；是事实还是观点；是从正面问还是从反面问。看清试题后，带着问题再回到正文中去寻找有关的句子、段落，获取重要的信息。然后把获得的信息点与所给的答案逐一进行认真的比较，以便作出正确的判断。
3、初一英语阅读理解题中有些是可以直接从短文中找到答案的。有些深层次的初一英语阅读理解题在短文中找不到直接的信息点，要经过分析推理，从阅读理解中已有的信息链中判断文章的意思，即应以短文中提供的间接信息点为依据，根据作者的意图，凭借自己的社会文化知识和生活经验，加进短文中所没有明确表述的却又与主题有联系的思想和信息，进行合乎逻辑的推理，从而确定正确的选项。
高考阅读理解命题分析及解题技巧 一、教学目标： 1. 了解高考阅读理解命题特点。 2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧并熟练运用于解题中。 二、教学重点：让学生知道阅读理解这种题型命题的特点。 三、教学难点：进一步让学生学习和掌握阅读理解的解题技巧，提高学生的解 题能力。 四、教学过程： Task One 了解高考阅读理解测试要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章，公告，说明，广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能： （1）理解语篇主旨要义； （2）理解文中具体信息； （3）根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义； （4）根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理； （5）理解文章的宏观结构和文脉逻辑关系； （6）理解作者的观点、意图和态度； Task Two 知道高考阅读理解题型及其解题技巧 （一）主旨大意题 命题特点:主要考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结。常见题干形式: 1). What does the writer mainly tell us? 2). Which is the subject discussed in the text? 3). Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4). Choose the best title for the passage. 5). The best title for the article is ______. 有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，但字里行间无不体现文章的主题。这就要求在阅读的过程中要根据文中所叙述的事实来概括总结文章的主旨大意。（二）细节理解题 1. 数字、日期、时间等； 2. 同位语、破折号、括号、省略号等；（起解释，说明作用） 3. 表示附加说明的词，如：by the way, besides, what’s more, in addition including, as well as等。 4. 倒装句及加强语气的词，如above all, mainly, mostly, certainly, indeed （三）词意猜测题
常见观点态度词语小测试： positive favorable(dis)approval supportive defensive negative objection critical opposition objective subjective optimistic indifferent compromising uninterested questioning disappointed concerned neutral cautious pessimistic biased suspicious doubtful 态度观点信号词： 论点：认为，相信：argue , argument , believe , suppose, think , be convinced that [相信] , hold the belief that … , have a notion that …, view…as , regard….as , see…as, consider….to be, reckon [算作，设想], 论据: for example , for instance , specifically, take… as an example like , such as … , Imagine …. , 调查研究：investigation , inquiry [hold an inquiry into a case对一个案子进行调查] research, study, survey, report , questionnaire[调查问卷]，measurement , 调查研究结果： 得出结论：conclude th at … ，come to a conclusion that …. , draw a conclusion that … 表明，发现：show , suggest , demonstrate , manifest [清楚地显示或表示] display, find , find out, discover, reveal , prove indicate, imply, 预测、预报、预言：forecast , foretell, foresee, predict 表示赞同：agree, appreciate意识到, 懂得, approve赞成、批准, consent to同意 表示反对：against , disagree, disapprove, dissent from, object to , be opposed to反对 表示事实：belief , fact , reality, truth 表示理论，设想：assumption , theory, hypothesis [假设] 表示目的：to do, aim at, for the sake of , for , serve as, in favor of [有利于], for the purpose of, intend to do , 论据中常见专家名称： expert , specialist , professor , associate professor [副教授]，sociologist [社会学家]，economist, linguist[语言学家]，consultant [顾问] psychologist [心理学家]， behaviorist [行为学家]，philosopher[哲学家] , anthropologist [人类学家]， archaeologist [考古学家] 逻辑信号词-路标词 1，表示因果的
阅读理解主要测试题型分析 根据大纲要求，大学英语（B）要求：考生应能读懂与日常生活和社会生活相关的不同类型的文字材料，阅读速度为每分钟50个单词。并且能够： 理解主旨要义；理解文中具体信息；根据上下文推测生词词义；进行有关的判断、推理和引申；并且理解作者的意图、观点或态度。 取材：故事、人物、科普、社会、文化 文体：记叙文、描述文、说明文、应用文、议论文 题型分析： 1．主旨大意题 a.The best title for this passage is_______. b.The main idea of the passage is________. c.The passage is mainly about/ concerned with ________. d.The author mainly discusses________. e.The title that best expresses the main idea is _________. f.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is _________. g.What is the main topic of the passage? h.What would be the most appropriate title for this passage? i.Which sentence best summarizes the article? 2. 具体细节题 具体事实： a. What do we know about…? b. Why is ….? c. How many … in this article? d. In what year…? e. According to the passage, who…? f. According to the author, the techniques can be used to ________. 列举题： a. Which of the following statements is (not) true? b. The author mentions all of the items listed below except… 事例 a. What does the example…tell us? b. The story/example of… demonstrates ________. 3. 词汇题 a. Which is the possible meaning of the word : “…” in line…? b. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to…? c. In line…, the word “this/that, these/those/it/them” stand for…. 4. 推断，预测和引申题 a. It can be inferred from the passage that _________. b. The next paragraph would most probably deal with _____. c. The paragraph preceding this one may discuss _________. d. Which of the following can be inferred from the article? 5. 作者态度题