高考英语试题真题分类汇编阅读理解及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
LIANG TAO sold 80 pink Givenchy bags in 12 minutes. Becky Fang sold 100 Mini Cooper cars in just five. Both are wanghong, literally “red-hot on the web”. Every day millions of Chinese search social media for wanghong posts or tune in to live-streams for wanghong's opinions on everything. The fans are helping this new Chinese Internet star to make money out of their popularity—and to shake up the country's e-commerce industry in the process.
A few of wanghong have been hired by luxury brands. Jaeger-LeCoultre, a Swiss watchmaker, hired Papi Jiang for a video ad targeting young urbanites (都市人), including her 27m fans on Sina Weibo, a Twitter-like microblog. Zhang Yi of iiMedia Research, a consulting firm, estimates that up to 15% of sales on shopping sites like Taobao or social-media apps such as WeChat are influenced by wanghong's public support. The length of a dress might be decided by a survey of a wanghong's fans; its launch date might be based on the number of hits, shares or comments it collects, some of which can cause last-minute design changes.
This poses a new challenge for retailers(零售商), whose supply chains must respond ever more quickly to wanghong's opinions. Whereas previously a company would look for a celebrity to match its image, wanghong and their admirers are shaping goods.
Another challenge comes directly from wanghong themselves. They increasingly make money not merely from online support or advice but by launching their own e-commerce stores. Sales of goods accounted for just under half of wanghong earnings of 53bn yuan ($8bn) in 2016, estimates Analysys, a Chinese market-research firm (the rest came mostly from live-show tips and adverts).
Some wanghong are going a step further. In November Becky Fang launched her own clothing line. Part of her motivation, she says, was that the brands she supported did not always match the trends she was sharing with her followers. By creating her own brand, Becky's Fantasy, she have full control of the quality. She also gains a new income. For the time being only 3-5% of wanghong follow Becky Fang's example, iiMedia Research estimates. But it expects the model to become an industry in its own right, including entertainment and e-commerce, and driven by online data.
（1）Why can wanghong use their popularity to make money?
A. Because they are Internet stars.
B. Because they use social media.
C. Because their opinions influence fans.
D. Because they can shake the e-commerce industry.
（2）What is the characteristic of the products supported by wanghong?
A. It is fans-based.
B. It is social-media-based.
C. It is design-shared.
D. It is youth-targeted.
（3）What are the challenges for retailers?
A. Online support and advice.
B. Increasing sales of goods online.
C. Quick responses to the market changes.
D. Wanghong's opinions and e-commerce stores.
（4）Why do some wanghong create their own brands?
A. Because they want to attract more fans.
B. Because they want to share with their followers.
C. Because they want to set up a new industry model.
D. Because the brands they speak for can't satisfy their fans.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了网红正在利用自身的人气帮助一些品牌销售，在这个过程中撼动中国的电子商务行业。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Both are wanghong, literally ‘red-hot on the web’. Every day millions of Chinese search social media for wanghong posts or tune in to live-streams for wanghong's opinions on everything. The fans are helping this new Chinese Internet star to make money out of their popularity”可知，网红会利用自己的人气赚钱，那是因为他们的观点影响着粉丝。故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The length of a dress might be decided by a survey of a wanghong's fans; its launch date might be based on the number of hits, shares or comments it collects, some of which can cause last-minute design changes.”可知，网红所支持的产品的特点是以粉丝为基础的。故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“This poses a new challenge for retailers (零售商), whose supply chains must respond ever more quickly to wanghong's opinions.”和第四段中的“Another challenge comes directly from wanghong themselves. They increasingly make money not merely from online support or advice but by launching their own e-commerce stores.”可知，网红的观点和他们开设的网上商店是对零售商的挑战。故选D。
(4)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Part of her motivation, she says, was that the brands she supported did not always match the trends she was sharing with her followers. By creating her own brand, Becky's Fantasy, she ha ve full control of the quality.”可知，网红之所以创造他们自己的品牌是因为他们代言的品牌不能满足他们的粉丝。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的同时，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
It is bad to have food stuck between your teeth for long periods of time. This is because food attracts germs; germs produce acid, and acid hurts your teeth and gums. Flossing (使用牙线) helps to remove the food that gets stuck between your teeth. This explains why flossing helps to keep your mouth healthy, but some doctors say that flossing can also be good for your heart.
It may seem strange that something you do for your teeth can have any effect on your heart. Doctors have come up with a few ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy. One idea is that the germs that hurt your teeth can leave the mouth and travel into your blood.Germs that get into the blood can then attack your heart. Another idea is based on the fact that when there are too many germs in your mouth, the body tries to fight against there germs. For some reason, the way the body fights these mouth germs may end up weakening the heart overtime. Not every doctor agrees about these ideas. Some doctors think that the link between good flossing habits and good heart health is only a coincidence. The incidence (发生率) of two or more events is completely random, as they do not admit of any reliable cause and effect relationship between them. For example, every time I wash my car, it rains. This does not mean that when I wash my car, I somehow change the weather. This is only a coincidence. Similarly, some doctors think that people who have bad flossing habits just happen to also have heart problems, and people who have good flossing habits just happen to have healthy hearts.
The theory that flossing your teeth helps to keep your heart healthy might not be true. But every doctor agrees that flossing is a great way to keep your teeth healthy. So even if flossing does not help your heart, it is true to help your teeth. This is enough of a reason for everyone to floss their teeth every day.
（1）From the passage, we know that ________.
A. food stuck between your teeth may hurt your teeth
B. all of the doctors agree that flossing is good for your heart
C. doctors' judgment about flossing is based on medical research
D. not every doctor thinks flossing helps to keep your teeth healthy
（2）The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 is to ________.
A. provide an example
B. make a comparison
C. introduce a new topic
D. develop the previous statement
（3）Which of the following best states the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. It is a fact that flossing can help your heart as well as your teeth.
B. There is no good reason to believe that flossing will help your heart.
C. Because doctors find flossing won't help your heart, it is useless to floss.
D. Even if flossing is only good for your teeth, you should still do it every day.
（4）Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Flossing by Coincidence
B. How to Keep Your Teeth Healthy
C. Flossing Habits and Healthy Hearts
D. Why Doctors Disagree About Flossing
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文提到经过研究，剔牙与保持心脏之间没有必然的联系，但剔牙能保护牙齿的健康是可以肯定的。
( 1 )推理判断题。根据第一段提到It is bad to have food stuck between your teeth for long periods of time. This is because food attracts germs(细菌), germs produce acid, and acid hurts your teeth and gums.(长时间让食物停留在牙齿是有害处的，这是因为食物能吸引细菌，细菌会产生酸，腐蚀你的牙齿)，故选A项。
( 2 )句意猜测题。Not every doctor agrees about these ideas不是每个医生都对这些问题持相同的态度，Some doctors think that the link between good flossing habits and good heart health is only a coincidence.一些医生认为用牙线剔牙与心脏健康之间的关系只是偶然Similarly, some doctors think that people who have bad flossing habits just happen to also have heart problems一些医生认为有剔牙习惯的碰巧有心脏问题，故是发展以前的观点，因此选D 项。
( 3 ) 段落大意题。根据最后一段提到剔牙能保持你的心脏健康这一理论可能并不正确的，但医生同意剔牙能保证牙齿的健康，因此即使剔牙不能有助于你的心脏，肯定能保护你牙齿，这就是每天剔牙的重要原因，故选D项。
( 4 )主旨标题题。本文提到经过研究，剔牙与保持心脏之间没有必然的联系，但剔牙能保护牙齿的健康是可以肯定的，故选C项。
3．阅读理解
Visitors to the grounds of New College at England's Oxford University pass under an iron gate with the advice: Manners make the man. Even after an appropriate update to: Manners make the person, it's thought-provoking(引人深思的)—especially to today's Americans.
When we think about what makes the person—it's more likely the degree, the job, the salary. Since when do we count manners as a measure of success?
We do know that these would make life nicer, if more tolerable. However, we forget or overlook our manners. So , it seems, does everyone else—including, unluckily, our children.
As a university president, one of my great joys is to visit our campuses and see our students, though we're separated by different generations, interests, and, of course dressing, each student tells me something within the first few minutes that we meet: whether he or she has been taught manners. I sense this in different ways: through her words or her gestures, in the way she listens or how he refers to friends and faculty, how she greets and says goodbye, how he responds when an elderly person enters the room.
In the absence of manners, however, I make some allowances. For instance, the many ethnic(种族的)groups that students represent often have different explanations of what makes up good manners. In other cases, some students may reject what they've learned to break from their parents and be accepted by other students. Whether students are being different or openly opposing, a recent experience I had with them tells me that there's some hope for reviving and good manners.
Good manners don't just guarantee acceptance. Good manners open doors to deeper connections and more meaningful roles in our society. Good manners are gentle signals that show we care about one another and allow us to relate to another person in a thoughtful way but at a respectable distance.
（1）Which of the following is seldom a mark of success to people today?
A. Handsome income.
B. An academic degree.
C. High ranks in the office
D. Polite behavior.
（2）What does the underlined part “make some allowances” in Paragraph 4 probably mean ?
A. treat the absence of manners differently
B. reject the absence of manners
C. oppose bad manners somehow
D. partly permit being in the absence of manners （3）Which of the following is the benefit by good manners?
A. Good manners makes people thoughtful
B. Good manners help deeper connections with others
C. Good manners guarantee acceptance of ourselves
D. Good manners inspire people to care about one another
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了目前社会上很少把礼貌当作成功的衡量标准，但是良好的礼
仪是打开更深的关系和更有意义的角色之门，礼仪非常重要。
（1）D推理判断题。由第二段中的“When we think about what makes the person—it's more likely the degree, the job, th e salary. Since when do we count manners as a measure of success?”
可知，我们说起一个人的成功很可能谈的是学位、工作和薪水，我们什么时候把礼貌当作
成功的衡量标准呢？可推知，对今天的成功者来说礼貌的举止是很难成为成功的标志的。
故选D.
（2）A词义猜测题。根据本段中的“Whether students are being different or openly opposing”
可知，作者涉及了两种学生缺乏礼貌的不同情况，所以作者此处是指区别对待不礼貌的现象。故选A.
（3）B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Good manners open doors to deeper connections and more meaningful roles in our society.”可知，在我们社会，良好的礼仪打开更深的关系和
更有意义的角色之门。故选B.
【点评】本文是一篇议论文，论述人们忽视了良好的礼仪的重要性。第一题为推理判断题，要在了解短文主旨大意及主要细节分布的基础上，对事实或证据进行分析和评价，并
在准确合理分析做出符合作者写作意图的推论或判断。难点在于第二题，要根据后面的内
容对其加以理解来做出选择。考生要注意弄清文章主旨。
4．阅读理解
Parents may think they're smart about where they store medicines, but their kids are smarter. Nearly 60,000 young children are rushed to the hospital every year after getting into medicines not meant for them, according to a new report from Safe Kids Worldwide.
The report finds little connection between what parents know about storing medicines safely and what they actually do. Nine out of 10 parents know that medicines should be stored up and away out of reach and sight, but 7 out of 10 of them admit not doing that. They leave medicines out on kitchen counters, sinks and sofas, believing babies and toddlers(学步者)aren't tall enough or strong enough to reach them. Unfortunately, they probably can. Children as young as a month have ended up in an emergency department because they'd been poisoned by getting into a medicine that was left within reach.
Most poisonings related to medicines---particularly among babies and toddlers---occur within their home. Kids develop rapidly and they want to explore their environment. At certain ages they have a lot of hand-to-mouth activity, and so it's very common for them to explore their environment and then try to taste what they find.
The new Safe Kids worldwide report includes a survey of 2,000 parents with children under age 6. While the number of children visiting an emergency department for accidental poisonings had declined since the 2010 maximum, the decline has slowed in recent years.
Prescription and over-the-counter medicines cause the most severe poisonings, but vitamins and supplements(补充品)can also cause problems. There are steps families can take to lower the risk for an accidental medicine poisoning.
（1）Why are children poisoned according to the text?
A. Some of the medicines at home taste nice.
B. There is something poisonous in medicines.
C. Kids have easy access to medicines at home..
D. Kids are curious to explore the environment
（2）What can we learn from the text?
A. Vitamins and supplements can do good to kids.
B. The team made a survey of 2,000 kids under age 6.
C. 600 parents surveyed could keep medicines properly.
D. Kids are usually smart at storing medicines at home.
（3）What could be the best title for the text?
A. Parents' Casual Behavior Leads to Kids Poisoned
B. The Number of Kids Poisoned Has Declined Lately
C. Nearly 60,000 Children Are Poisoned by Medicines
D. Kids Are Facing the Risk of Being Poisoned at Home
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是是一篇说明文，介绍了由于父母存放药品不当导致孩子药物中毒的调查结果。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ At certain ages they have a lot of hand-to-mouth activity, and so it's very common for them to explore their environment and then try to taste what they find.”在一定的年龄,他们有很多的手和嘴活动,所以他们很容易去探索他们的环境,然后尝试品尝他们发现的东西在家里,他们很容易碰到药品，故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Parents may think they're smart about where they store medicines, but their kids are smarter. ”父母可能会认为他们很聪明，他们在哪里储存药品，但他们的孩子更聪明。故选D。
（3）考查主旨大意。根据倒数第三段中的“Most poisonings related to medicines---particularly among babies and toddlers---occur within their home.”很多中毒事件是发生在家中的，再根据文章大意，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
Home from the Navy, I started school at Greenville College in my hometown of Illinois. I'd been out of high school for four years, but my high school headmaster, Mr. Gardner, invited me to a Valentine's Day dance party at school. The thought of seeing my former teachers was exciting. So I agreed.
When Friday came, I cleaned up, dressed up and drove to the high school gym. I chatted with my teachers and approached Mr. Gardner to thank him before leaving. Just then, the band started playing and a young girl stood up to sing. One look at and I was crazy—I had never seen such a beautiful girl!
I asked Mr. Gardner who she was, and he answered, “That's Marilyn Riley, Cut Riley's daughter.” I was shocked to say the least. They lived just around the corner from me. I walked across the gym floor to introduce myself, “Hi, I'm Jack Joseph.”
“I know who you are,” was her not-too-friendly response.
“Would you like to dance?” I asked. “No! I'm working,” she shot back.
“Can I call you next week for a movie date?” I asked. “No,” was her response.
For the next month I phoned, trying to set up a date. She always had the same answer: No. then one rainy afternoon in March as I was driving home after basketball practice, I saw Marilyn, walking with no umbrella, no raincoat, no hat. I pulled alongside her and asked if she needed a ride, half expecting her to say no. instead, she stepped over the roadside and sat down on the seat next to me. It was only a few blocks to her house, but after pulling into her driveway we talked for 45minutes. It was magic from then on.
（1）Why did Jack decide to attend the party?
A. The party was hold to welcome him back home.
B. Marilyn would be introduced to him at the party.
C. He could meet some of his former teachers there.
D. They gathered there to celebrate Valentine's Day.
（2）What was the author's attitude towards the party?
A. Casual
B. Formal
C. Passive
D. worried
（3）We can infer from the text that __________.
A. Jack once served in the army after high school
B. it took Jack 45 minutes to drive Marilyn home
C. Jack and Marilyn were familiar with each other
D. it was Marilyn's cold attitude that
interested Jack
（4）How would the story most probably develop in the end?
A. Marilyn would fall in love with Jack
B. Jack would make great achievements in college
C. Marilyn would become a famous singer
D. Jack would have frequent conflicts with Marilyn 【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在海军退役后参加情人聚会，在聚会上他见到了一个漂亮的女孩，于是开始追求那个女孩，但是被女孩拒绝了，有一天下大雨，作者送那个女孩回家，在路上他们聊了45分钟，作者认为那次送女孩回家是魔法的开始。
（1）考查细节理解。根据“The thought of seeing my former teachers was exciting. So I agreed.”想到能看到我以前的老师很令人兴奋。所以我同意了。故选C。
（2）考查推理判断。根据“When Friday came, I cleaned up, dressed up and drove to the high school gym. ”星期五来的时候，我打扫干净，穿上衣服。因为作者在出发前认真地整理仪表，说明他把这一切当得很认真，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据“Home from the Navy, I started school at Greenville College in my hometown of Illinois. ”我从海军回到家乡，在我的家乡伊利诺伊州的格林维尔学院上学。推断出我之前当过海军，故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。，根据“It was magic from then on.”他认为这是魔法的开始，两个人可能坠入爱情河，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生准确掌握细节信息，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
Teens don't understand the big fuss (小题大做). As the first generation to grow up in a wired world they hardly know a time when computers weren't around, and they eagerly catch the chance to spend hours online, chatting with friends, so what?
But researchers nationwide are increasingly worried that teens are becoming isolated, less skillful at person-to-per son relationships, and perhaps numb to the cheatings that are so much a part of the e-mail world. "And a teen's sense of self and values may be changed in a world where personal connections can be limitless," said Shetty Turkle.
Another researcher, Robert Kraut, said he's worried about the "opportunity costs" of so much online time for youths. He found that teens who used computers, even just a few hours a week, showed increased signs of loneliness and social isolation. "Chatting online may be better than watching television, but it's worse than hanging out with real friends," he said.
Today's teens, however, don't see anything strange in the fact that the computer takes up a central place in their social lives. "School is busy and full of pressure. There's almost no time to just hang out," said Parker Rice, 17 "Talking online is just to catch time."
Teens say they feel good about what they say online or taking the lime to think about a reply.
Some teens admit that asking someone for a date, or breaking up, can be easier in message form, though they don't want to do so. But they insist there's no harm.
（1）The researchers argue that .
A. teens develop a different sense of values
B. nothing is wrong with teens' chatting online
C. teens can manage their social connections
D. spending hours online does much goo d to teens
（2）Teens think that talking online can help them .
A. use computers properly
B. improve their school work
C. develop an interest in social skills
D. reduce their mental pressures
（3）The text mainly deals with .
A. teens' pleasant online experience
B. teens' computer skills and school work
C. the effects of the computer world on teens
D. different opinions on teens' chatting online （4）Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Teens are more skillful at person-to-person relationships.
B. Teens showed decreasing signs of loneliness and social isolation.
C. Chatting online is worse than hanging out with real friends.
D. Asking someone for a date, or breaking can be more difficult in message form.
（5）The purpose of the text is to .
A. de scribe computer re se arch re suits
B. draw attention to teens' computer habits
C. suggest ways to deal with problem teens
D. discuss problems teens have at school
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）C
（5）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了网络对青少年造成的不良影响,希望引起社会关注。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“And a teen's sense of self and values may be changed in a world where personal connections can be limitless”可知，全国各地的研究人员认为青少年可能会形成不同的价值观。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“School is busy and full of pressures. There's almost no time to just hang out.” said Parker Rice,17.“Talking online is just catch time.” 可知，青少年认为上网聊天可以帮助他们减少精神压力。故选D。
（3）考查主旨大意。第一段提出主题，青少年花费很长时间在网上聊天；第二到四段讲述几种对青少年上网聊天的不同观点；最后一段讲述青少年的个人对上网聊天的看法，综上所述可知，文章主要讲述了有关青少年上网聊天的几种不同观点。故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Chatting o nline may be better than watching television, but it's worse than hanging out with real friends”可知，网上聊天可能比看电视好但是比起与真正的朋友闲逛更糟糕。故选C。
（5）考查写作目的。纵观全文可知，作者通过客观描述人们青少年上网的几种不同的观
点，作者客观地表达了青少年上网的坏处，也就不难推断文章的写作目的是为了引起人们对青少年上网习惯的注意。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，写作目的和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行推理，概括，从而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
You may be familiar with the following famous people, but have you heard of their graduation speeches, in which they either share their unforgotten experiences or give you some great inspiration.
Michael Dell, University of Texas at Austin
And now you've accomplished something great and important here, and it's time for you to move on to what's next. And you must not let anything prevent you from taking those first steps. … You must also com mit to the adventure. Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge you've been blessed（赐予）with and go.
J.K. Rowling, Harvard University
Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balance between my ambition and the expectation from my parent s who were not rich…But what I feared most of myself at your age was not poverty, but failure. The fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you know little about failure, you might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.
Steve Jobs, Stanford University
Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith…Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking and don't settle.
Bill Gates, Harvard University
We need as many people as possible to have access to the advanced technology to lead to a revolution in what human beings can do for one another. They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches and deal with the world's inequities（不公平）like hunger, poverty, and so on.
（1）What Michael Dell said is to urge us to ________.
A. listen to our heart
B. learn from our mistakes
C. follow others' example
D. pursue our dreams
（2）What did J.K. Rowling fear most when she was studying in university?
A. Failure.
B. Hunger.
C. Poverty.
D. Appearance.
（3）What does Bill Gates suggest people do?
A. Master as much advanced technology as possible.
B. Work together to rid some global problems.
C. Make contributions to the environment.
D. Take responsibility for their own behavior.【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一些著名的人的毕业演讲。
（1）考查推理判断。根据Michael Dell, University of Texas at Austin部分中的“And now you've accomplished something great and important here, and it's time for you to move on to what's next.”可推断出Michael Dell说的话鼓励我们追求我们的梦想，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据J.K. Rowling, Harvard University部分中的“But what I feared most of myself at your age was not poverty, but failure.”可知J.K. Rowling在大学时，最害怕失败，故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据Bill Gates, Harvard University部分中的“They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches and deal with the world's inequities（不公平）like hunger, poverty, and so on.”可推知Bill Gates建议人们一起工作，摆脱一些全球问题，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇时文类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
Taxi-booking app Uber agreed to sell its business in China to Didi Chuxing. The two firms had been fierce competitors, but Didi Chuxing had controlled the Chinese market with an 87% share. Uber China launched in 2014, but it had failed to make any profit for a long time. Cheng Wei, founder and chief executive of Didi Chuxing, said the two companies had learned a great deal from each other over the past two years in China. He added that the deal would set the mobile transportation industry on a healthier path of growth at a higher level. As part of the deal, Mr. Cheng would join the board of Uber, while Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick would also join Didi's board.
Uber's China business would own its separate branding while US-based Uber Technologies would hold about 17.5% in the combined company. Didi Chuxing is backed by Chinese Internet giants Tencent and Alibaba.
Uber had been struggling to break into the Chinese market despite having Chinese search engine Baidu as an investor. Last February, the company admitted it was losing more than $1 billion a year in China. “Funding their Chinese dreams was becoming too expensive for Uber,” Duncan Clark, chairman of Beijing-based consultancy BDA, told the BBC. Travis Kalanick said, “As a businessman, I've learned that being successful is about listening to your head as well as following your heart.”
The fierce competition had led both companies to spend much more on their journeys. The combination is likely to see fewer such subsidies（补贴）. “One thing to watch carefully is how quickly consumers feel the impact as subsidies are withdrawn.” Mr. Clark added.
The deal with Didi Chuxing came just days after China had agreed to provide a legal framework for taxi-ordering apps. Both Uber and Didi welcomed the decision. The new rules took effect last November and could, among other things, forbid such platforms to operate below cost.
（1）According to the second paragraph, what can we know?
A. Being successful is about listening to your head and following your heart.
B. The deal would make the mobile transportation industry grow much faster.
C. Didi Chuxing had learnt more in China than Uber over the past two years.
D. Mr. Cheng would be working as a member of the board of Uber as planned.
（2）What is the best title of the passage?
A. Uber sold Chinese business to Didi Chuxing
B. Using Didi Chuxing brings more subsidies
C. Listen to your head and follow your heart
D. The new rules took effect last November （3）What is the impact of the fierce competition between Uber and Didi?
A. Uber dominated the Chinese market with an 87% share.
B. China provided a legal framework for taxi-ordering apps.
C. Funding their Chinese dreams became expensive for Uber.
D. Chinese search engine Baidu became an investor of Uber's.
（4）The passage is probably taken from a website about ________.
A. apps
B. politics
C. economy
D. technology
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，优步将中国业务出售给滴滴出行。
(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“As part of the deal, Mr. Cheng would join the board of Uber, while Uber chief executive Travis Kalanick would also join Didi's board.”可知，Mr. Cheng将按计划担任优步董事会成员。故选D。
(2)考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Taxi-booking app Uber agreed to sell its business in China to Didi Chuxing. The two firms had been fierce competitors, but Didi Chuxing had controlled the Chinese market with an 87% share.”可知，优步将中国业务出售给滴滴出行。故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Funding their Chinese dreams was becoming too expensive for Uber,”可知，优步和滴滴之间激烈竞争对优步来说，为他们的中国梦提供资金变得很昂贵。故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Taxi-booking app Uber agreed to sell its business in China to Didi Chuxing. The two firms had been fierce competitors, but Didi Chuxing had controlled the Chinese market with an 87% share.”可推知这篇文章很可能来自一个网址的“经济栏目”。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount
Everest (珠穆朗玛). It was thought impossible. Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high. The team trained the youngsters to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face masks full of sensors that recorded their heart rate. blood oxygen levels, temperature, and metabolic rate—how many calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(模拟)10w-, medium-, and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.
Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds.
The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest-like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the birds managed to cool down their blood-the measured blood temperature dropped so it could take in more oxygen, the researchers report today in eLife. This cooling likely helps compensate for the very thin air, the team says.
Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less when wearing their backpacks and flying at 6ihigh" altitudes. So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.（1）Why did the researchers raise 19 bar-headed geese and train them?
A. To test the flying height and speed of them.
B. To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.
C. To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.
D. To see how many calories they burned per hour.
（2）What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?
A. It was carried out at very high altitude.
B. The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.
C. The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.
D. It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.
（3）What still puzzles scientists about the geese?
A. Whether they have super hearts and lungs.
B. Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.
C. Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.
D. Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.
（4）Where does the text most probably come from?
A. A science fiction.
B. A climbing guide.
C. A travel brochure.
D. A science report.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest. It was thought impossible." 报道说，一名登山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。人们认为这是不可能的；以及" Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese-named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads-have shown the birds really fly so high."现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。再根据最后一段中的"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest."但是否能让这种鹅飞8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚不清楚。由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen ...the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped....the researchers report today in elife. This cooling likely helps comp"可知风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率保持不变，即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，...这种降温可能有助于补偿空气的稀薄；第五段中的"Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less ..." 尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。这两处综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest." 可知，目前尚不清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。为了证实是否可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。由此可知本文属于科普文章。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there.
In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city
one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban.
Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides.
Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality.
For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air.
（1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city?
A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week.
B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday.
C. By limiting the number of new cars.
D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles?
A. Raised the number of public vehicles.
B. Offered free bus and subway rides.
C. Introduced more travel options.
D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city.
（3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico?
A. Alternate-day rules.
B. Tax rises.
C. Congestion charge.
D. The rainy season.（4）What's the best title for the passage?
A. Mexico —an Island Plateau
B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico
C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones
D. How to Improve Air Quality
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，墨西哥墨西哥政府为了提高空气质量，在实施车辆禁令时提供免费巴士和地铁。他们希望城市应该是无车区。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month.”可知，墨西哥是通过每周有一天禁止私人和联邦车辆来禁止车辆进入城市的。故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides.”可知，墨西哥政府在实施车辆禁令时提供
免费巴士和地铁。故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段最中的“The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality.”可知，拥挤费有助于改善墨西哥的空气质量。故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air.”可知，城市应该是无车区。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
11．阅读理解
Sometimes we start a day with the previous day still in mind. We think about the mistakes we made in the previous day, how things went wrong, and how we felt bad about it. No wonder it becomes difficult to focus on the current day.
Here are some steps on how to start your new day fresh:
⒈Take time to evaluate your day
At the end of a day, take some time to think about it. The purpose of this thinking time is not to regret how bad your day was, how things went wrong, or how people treated you badly. This won't do you any good. Instead, the purpose of this thinking time is to extract（吸取）lessons which you can bring to the following day.
⒉Make a commitment to apply the lessons
After you extract the lessons, you should make a commitment to apply them. To do so, find some actionable things you can do to apply the lessons. Next, remind yourself to do them. You may write them down if you want to.
⒊“Close” your day
After you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day. You are done with it; don't think about it anymore.
⒋Bring only the lessons to the next day and nothing else
After you “dose” a day, you should not bring anything out of it to the next day except for the lessons you extract. Focus on applying the lessons to the present. This way you will be able to start your day fresh without the burden of yesterday.
（1）What will happen if we think too much about the past?
A. There will be a disaster.
B. There will be good results.
C. We won't have a peaceful mind.
D. We surely won't finish today's task.
（2）When should we draw lessons from the past mistakes?
A. At the end of a day.
B. When we make mistakes.
C. At the beginning of a day.
D. When we regret making the mistakes.
（3）Why should we extract lessons from the past day?
A. To set them down.
B. To consider them again.
C. To make a better decision.
D. To apply them for future use.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。本文告诉我们不能每天太多地想过去的事，这样会让我们难以把注意力放在当天，文中还告诉我们一些开始新的一天的四个步骤。
（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，如果我们每天一开始就想前一天所犯的错误的话我们就很难把注意力放在当前的这一天，那么我们的心情就很难平静下来分析选项可知，C项（我们不会有和平的心态。）符合题意，故答案选C。
（2）此题属于细节理解中的语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。根据“Close” your day中的After you have spent the time to think about the day and extract the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day.：在一天结束前，你花时间思考过去的一天并汲取教训后，这一天就结束了，即在这一天结束时来思考过去的一天并吸取教训。题干When should we draw lessons from the past mistakes??文章内容After you have spent the time to think about the day and extr act the lessons, make a decision to “close” the day. 与At the end of a day相符，故答案选 A。
（3）细节理解题。根据Make a commitment to apply the lessons部分中的After you extract the lessons, you should make a commitment to apply them. To do so, find some actionable things you can do to apply the lessons.可知，我们应该从过去吸取教训就是在以后运用。分析选项可知D项（将它们应用于将来）符合题意，故答案选D。
【点评】推理题的解题方法
1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。
2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。
3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。
4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。
5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。
6. 结合已有的知识进行推断。
12．阅读理解
Scientists have discovered a "monster black hole" so massive that, in theory, it shouldn't exist. It's a stellar black hole—the type that forms after stars die, collapse, and explode. Researchers had previously believed that the size limit was no more than 20 times the mass of our sun because 8S these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that expel matter and gas swept away by stellar winds
This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15.000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
The findings were published by Chinese researchers in the journal Nature on Wednesday.
"Black boles of such mass should not even exist in our galaxy, according to most of the current models of stellar evolution," said Liu Jifeng, head of the team that made the discovery. "LB-1 is
twice as massive as what we thought possible. Now theorists will have to take up the challenge of explaining its formation."
Scientists are now scratching their heads at how LB-1 got so huge.
The Chinese team has proposed a number of theories. LB-1' sheer size suggests that it "was not formed from the collapse of only one star," the study said— instead, it could potentially be two smaller black holes orbiting each other.
Another possibility is that it formed from "fallback supermova." This is when a supernoma—the last stage of an exploding star—ejects material during the explosion, which then falls back into the supernova, creating a black hole.
This fallback formation is theoretically possible but scientists have never been able to prove or observe it. If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have "direct evidence for this process" for the first time, the study said.
There are several types of black holes and stellar black holes like LB-1 are on the smaller side, according to NASA. Supermassive black holes are much bigger—they can be billions of times the mass of our sun,
Scientists believe supermassive black holes may be connected to the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the mass star stems but it is still not clear exactly how, or which form first.
（1）Why does the writer write the article?
A.To report the great achievement Chinese scientists have made in black hole theory,
B.To inform the readers of the basic knowledge about the black hole,
C.To share with the readers the new development of the black hole discovery,
D.To demonstrate the significance of discovering new black holes for science.
（2）Which of the following about LB-1 is true to the passage?
A.It is the biggest black hole ever discovered.
B.It lost only a small part of its mass through explosion.
C.It couldn't have been formed from the collapse of one star.
D.Its discovery may lead to some breakthrough in the "fallback formation theory".
（3）Which of the following is right according to the passage?
A.If the sun in our galaxy dies some of its mass will be taken away by stellar winds.
B.A massive supernova will be formed and then exploded if the sun in our galaxy dies.
C."The Milky Way" was formed after a supermassive black hole collapsed and exploded.
D.If "the Milky Way" dies, a supermassive black hole will be formed after its death.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了科学家们已经发现了一个“巨型黑洞”，其质量之大，在理论上是不应该存在。但这个理论现在已经被新中国科学家发现的黑洞LB-1所推翻。科学家们现在正绞尽脑汁研究LB-1是如何变得如此巨大的，并介绍了几种可能性的理论。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Scientists have discovered a ‘monster black hole’ so
massive that, in theory, it shouldn't exist.”可知，科学家们已经发现了一个“巨型黑洞”，其质量之大，在理论上是不应该存在；再根据第三段“This theory has now been toppled by LB-1, the newly discovered black hole. Located about 15.000 light years away, it has a mass 70 times greater than our sun, according to a press release from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.”可知，但这个理论现在已经被新中国科学家发现的黑洞LB-1所推翻。根据中国科学院的一份新闻稿，它位于15000光年之外，质量是太阳的70倍。所以判断出作者写这篇文章的目的是与读者分享黑洞发现的新进展，故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“If this is how LB-1 formed, then we may have‘direct evidence for this process’ for the first time.”可知，如果这就是LB-1的形成过程，那么我们可能首次有了“这一过程的直接证据”。所以LB-1这一发现可能会给“后援形成理论”带来一些突破。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“because 8S these stars die, they lose most of their mass through explosions that expel matter and gas swept away by stellar winds.”可知，因为这些恒星会死亡，它们大部分质量因爆炸而损失，恒星风会把爆炸释放出来的物质和气体吹走。所以如果我们星系中的太阳死亡，它的一部分质量会被恒星风吹走。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
13．阅读理解
Nothing good generally comes of a conversation that start with the words, "I think you should probably sit down before I tell you this.”
And so it came to pass. Away for Christmas, we got a call from kind friends at home, our neighbour's house had caught fire while they were out. The fire didn't spread to our house but the smoke very much did.
It's weeks of either throwing out, or sending away for specialist cleaning, every single thing into which smoke could have permeated(渗透)because the particles(微粒) are an ongoing health risk and washing isn't enough. Anything soft—sofas and carpets and children's teddy bears, clothes—is suspected. We will be seeing in the New Year in a decidedly minimalist fashion.
What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky. Friends and neighbours have come together with incredible generosity. We will never again underestimate the closeness of the village community in which we live, or the innate kindness that is most people's natural reaction to trouble, and are grateful to be reminded of so much that is good. But that's not the only thing I've learned. For in a sense, we have a chance to start again.
The surprise on being forced to think about what might urgently need replacing is how short the list of essentials seems; how much we must have been hanging on to out of habit, and how much we have been conditioned to think was important.
It's all too easily assumed that family history lives in tangible(有形的)things— old photographs, a dress bought decades ago for a night heavy with memories — but that's not quite right. These things were only reminders of what we already carry with us in head and heart.
Walking through the house, sweeping up the broken glass, I realised that the answer to the old
question of "What would you save in a fire? " is actually that nothing really matters but each other.
（1）What happened to the author's house?
A.It caught a fire.
B.It was affected by a fire.
C.It was broken into by friends.
D.Its windows were broken.
（2）What does the underlined word "suspected" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.something that may be damaged.
B.something that may not be genuine.
C.something that may not be so good.
D.something that may be dangerous.
（3）What did the author expect to feel?
A.People around him were cold to others' trouble.
B.His friends and neighbours were so generous.
C.People in his community were close to each other.
D.He was so lucky to find much that was good.
（4）How will the author probably feel when the New Year finally comes?
A.Worried.
B.Surprised.
C.Excited.
D.Contented.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者家房子受到火灾影响，物品受损，一切都需要清理，但朋友们和邻居们提供的帮助，让作者感受到了他们的善良，对他们感恩。作者感受到拥有彼此才是最重要的。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“our neighbour's house had caught fire while they were out. The fire didn't spread to our house but the smoke very much did.”；第三段中的“every single thing into which smoke could have permeated”可知邻居家在外出时着火了，虽然火没有蔓延到作者家，但烟殃及了房子，作者家的房子受到了影响。故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“every single thing into which smoke could have permeated(渗透)because the particles(微粒) are an ongoing health risk and washing isn't enough.”可知每件被烟雾渗透的物品都要专门清洗或扔掉，因为那些微粒威胁健康，有的仅清洗是不行的。此句涉及的那些柔软的东西被认为可能是被污染损害的东西，suspected 指的就是这些东西。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“What I didn't expect to feel, however, is this lucky.”作者没想到的是自己家很幸运，下文提到朋友们和邻居们都提供了帮助，作者从中感受到了
专题六 数列 第十八讲 数列的综合应用 答案部分 2019年 1.解析：对于B ，令2 104x λ-+=，得12 λ=， 取112a = ，所以211 ,,1022n a a ==
所以54 65109 323232a a a a a a ?>???> ???? ?>??M ，所以6 10432a a ??> ???，所以107291064a > >故A 正确．故选A ． 2.解析：（1）设数列{}n a 的公差为d ，由题意得 11124,333a d a d a d +=+=+， 解得10,2a d ==． 从而* 22,n a n n =-∈N ． 由12,,n n n n n n S b S b S b +++++成等比数列得 () ()()2 12n n n n n n S b S b S b +++=++． 解得()2 121n n n n b S S S d ++= -． 所以2* ,n b n n n =+∈N ． （2 ）*n c n = ==∈N ． 我们用数学归纳法证明． ①当n =1时，c 1=0<2，不等式成立； ②假设() *n k k =∈N 时不等式成立，即12h c c c +++ 十年高考 2014最新命题题库大全 2004-2014高考英语试题分类解析 代词 (2014安徽卷)24．You can ask anyone for help. ______ here is willing to lend you a hand. A. One B. No one C. Everyone D. Someone 【答案】C 【解析】考查代词。句意：你可以向任何人求助，这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。one意为“某一个人或物”，代替可数名词单数，表示泛指；no one相当于nobody意为“没有人”；everyone 意为“每个人”，强调全体；someone意为“某一个人”。根据句意可知，空格处用everyone，强调所有人都愿意帮助你。故C正确。 (2014山东卷)4. Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. A. that B. this C. it D. her 【答案】C 【解析】考查代词。句意：苏珊向我讲清楚了希望有自己的新生活。It可代替不定式、动名词、从句做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的宾语从句that she wished to make a new life for herself。故C正确。 (2014福建卷) 21. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in______, knives and forks. A. another B. others C. both D. all 【答案】B 【解析】考查代词。句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另一些国家里，人们使用刀叉。Another泛指指三者或三者以上中的另一个；others泛指其他的人或物；both指两者都……；all指三者或三者以上都……。句中用others指代其他国家。故B正确。 (2014江苏卷)34. Good families are much to all their members, but______ to none. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 【答案】C 【解析】考查代词。句意：优秀的家庭对家庭成员们来说意义重大，却不代表一切。something 阅读理解 专题一广告信息类 2018年 Passage 1 2018全国卷Ⅰ，6分话题：骑自行车在华盛顿特区观光词数：274 Washington,D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —and the cherry blossoms — disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 2. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 3. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. 历年中考英语真题分类汇编--词类 知识点1：名词 ( ) 1.（2009·广州）—You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon? —I did Christmas shopping. A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of ( ) 2.（2009·湖北武汉）—Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？ —I generally make it a to be up by 7 to read English. A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule ( ) 3.（2009·湖北武汉）—Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum! —Mind your own ,Sue! A. action B. duty C. business D. way ( ) 4.（2009·广州）The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few ( ) 5.（2009·山东威海）---Why didn’t you take a taxi back last night? ---Because I didn’t have any ______ with me. A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money ( ) 6.（2009·四川成都）John always says that he likes apples of all the ______ . A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks ( ) 7.（2009·江西）---You look worried. What’s your ______ ? ---I have trouble learning English. A. name B. question C. problem D. job ( ) 8.（2009·江苏南京）---Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do? ---I’m afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi. A. choice B. decision C. reason D. information ( ) 9.（2009·河南）I like __ a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. A. fish B. butter C. potatoes D. noodles ( ) 10.（2009·湖北宜昌）---In my opinion, China has more ______to deal with the disease ofA/H1N1. ---I quite agree with you. Chinese medicine works well. A. advantages B. interests C. equipments D. materials ( ) 11.（2009·湖南娄底）—It’s said that you have moved into a new house. —Yeah，and we need to buy some in the mall nearby. A. food B. furniture C. hamburger ( )12.（2009·湖北孝感）All the _______ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. A. man B. men C. woman D. women ( ) 13.（2009·湖北孝感）--Emma, who are you taking _________ of at home? — My grandma, she got hurt in an accident. A. place B. part C. seat D. care ( ) 14.（2009·山西）---How can I see thick snow in most northern parts of China? ---You have to wait till ______ comes, Steve. A. summer B. autumn C. winter ( ) 15.（2009·山西）Let’s get some ______ about tourism on the Internet. A. information B. message C. invention ( ) 16.（2009·江苏无锡）____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ___ teachers. 2014全国高考汇编之非谓语动词 一（2014安徽卷）32．While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote 【考点】考察谓语动词用法 【答案】B 【解析】本题考察的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”，如“get burnt”被烫伤，get paid 获得报酬；本句中的get promoted获得提拔。句义：在等待着背提拔的机会的时候，Herry 全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。故B正确。 二（2014北京卷）25. Last night, there were millions of people _______ the opening ceremony live on TV. A.watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching 【考点】考察非谓语动词用法 【答案】D 【解析】本句考察的是非谓语动词中的现在分词短语做定语的用法，因为动词watch与前面的名词millions of people构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以使用现在分词做定语。本句中的watching the opening ceremony live on TV相当于定语从句who were watching the opening ceremony live on TV.同时本句只是一个简单句，已经有了一个主谓结构了。句意：昨天晚上有成千上万人在电视里观看了开幕式。故D正确。 【举一反三】The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started 【答案】A 【考点】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。 【解析】根据last night可知start已经发生，故排除C、D（不定式常表将来），B（being done）一般表进行，也排除。非谓语动词的主动语态和被动语态现在分词作定语 三（2014北京卷）28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on 2019年高考真题分类汇编 第一节 集合分类汇编 1．［2019?全国Ⅰ，1］已知集合{} }2 42{60M x x N x x x =-<<=--<，，则M N ?= A. }{43x x -<< B. }{42x x -<<- C. }{22x x -<< D. }{23x x << 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】 本题考查集合的交集和一元二次不等式的解法，渗透了数学运算素养．采取数轴法，利用数形结合的思想解题． 【详解】由题意得，{}{} 42,23M x x N x x =-<<=-<<，则 {}22M N x x ?=-<<．故选C ． 【点睛】不能领会交集的含义易致误，区分交集与并集的不同，交集取公共部分，并集包括二者部分． 2.［2019?全国Ⅱ，1］设集合A ={x |x 2-5x +6>0}，B ={ x |x -1<0}，则A ∩B = A. (-∞，1) B. (-2，1) C. (-3，-1) D. (3，+∞) 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】 本题考查集合的交集和一元二次不等式的解法，渗透了数学运算素养．采取数轴法，利用数形结合的思想解题． 【详解】由题意得，{}{} 2,3,1A x x x B x x ==<或，则{} 1A B x x ?=<．故选A ． 【点睛】本题考点为集合的运算，为基础题目，难度偏易．不能领会交集的含义易致误，区分交集与并集的不同，交集取公共部分，并集包括二者部分． 3.［2019?全国Ⅲ，1］已知集合{}{} 2 1,0,1,21A B x x ，=-=≤，则A B ?=（ ） A. {}1,0,1- B. {}0,1 C. {}1,1- D. {}0,1,2 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】 先求出集合B 再求出交集. 【详解】由题意得，{} 11B x x =-≤≤，则{}1,0,1A B ?=-．故选A ． 【点睛】本题考查了集合交集的求法，是基础题. 4.［2019?江苏，1］已知集合{1,0,1,6}A =-，{} 0,B x x x R =∈，则A B ?=_____. 【答案】{1,6}. 英语试卷英语翻译题分类汇编 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．今年元旦我们玩得很开心。(enjoy) 2．舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate) 3．经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as) 4．演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar) 5．她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner) 【答案】 1．We enjoyed ourselves this New Year’s Day this year. 2．My uncle sent me a card yesterday to congratulate / congratulating me on my 18th birthday. 3．After years of / years’ construction, the little town is now as lively as it was before the earthquake / it used to be before the earthquake. 4．The performance began with a piece of classical music which was familiar to people in their fifties. 5．No sooner had she watched the TV program on the extinct species than she made up her mind to join the wildlife protection organization. 【解析】 1．根据“今年元旦”可知，该句用一般过去时，玩得很开心用词组enjoy oneself 2．根据“昨天”可知，该句用一般过去时，congratulate 的用法是congratulate sth或者congratulate sb on sth 3．根据“经过多年的建设”可知，后面描述的是建设后的情形，即现在的情形，因此用一般现在时，as..as..的用法是形容词或者副词放在中间。 4．根据句意可知，演出已经开始了，事情发生在过去，因此用一般过去时，familiar的用法是sb be familiar with sth 或者sth be familiar to sb 5．no sooner的句型为no sooner ...than,因为no sooner是否定词，因此no sooner后面要用部分倒装的句式。 2．高中英语翻译题：Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。(leave) _________________ 2．深深吸了一口气，他面带微笑地走上了舞台。(with) _________________ 3．一个人待人处世的方式能反映出他是怎样的人。(the way) _________________ 五年高考真题分类汇编 导数及其应用 1．（19全国1文理）曲线23()e x y x x =+在点(0)0，处的切线方程为_y =3x _． 2．（19全国1理）已知函数()sin ln(1)f x x x =-+，()f x '为()f x 的导数．证 明： （1） ()f x '在区间(1,)2 π -存在唯一极大值点； （2）()f x 有且仅有2个零点． 解：（1）设()()g x f 'x =，则1 ()cos 1g x x x =- +，2 1sin ())(1x 'x g x =-++. 当1,2x π??∈- ?? ? 时，()g'x 单调递减，而(0)0,()02 g'g'π><，可得()g'x 在1,2π? ?- ? ? ? 有唯一零点， 设为α.则当(1,)x α∈-时，()0g'x >；当,2x α?π? ∈ ?? ? 时，()0g'x <. 所以()g x 在(1,)α-单调递增，在,2απ?? ???单调递减，故()g x 在1,2π? ?- ???存在唯一极 大值点，即()f 'x 在1,2π? ?- ?? ?存在唯一极大值点. （2）()f x 的定义域为(1,)-+∞. （i ）当(1,0]x ∈-时，由（1）知，()f 'x 在(1,0)-单调递增，而(0)0f '=，所以当(1,0)x ∈-时，()0f 'x <，故()f x 在(1,0)-单调递减，又(0)=0f ，从而0x =是 ()f x 在(1,0]-的唯一零点. （ii ）当0,2x ?π?∈ ???时，由（1）知，()f 'x 在(0,)α单调递增，在,2απ?? ???单调递减， 而(0)=0f '，02f 'π??< ???，所以存在,2βαπ?? ∈ ??? ，使得()0f 'β=，且当(0,)x β∈时， 中考英语试题分类汇编 2011年中考英语试题分类汇编考点一、名词(2010江苏省宿迁市15. 1)Sandy didn’t tell her parents that she was going home because she wanted to give them a _______. A. gift B. call C. surprise D. note—It’s said that you have moved into a new house.—Yeah，and we need to buy some in the mall nearby. A. food B.furniture C. hamburger B (2010.四川省内江市26. 1)—Well,you look so happy! 全品中考网--Because I got a good ________. A.work B.news C.job C C (2010年上海市33. 1)You can get much_____about the World Expo on the Internet. A.map B.picture C.ticket 全品中考网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/2d16448281.html,rmation D (2010年上海市51. 1)The customers are pleased with the________of the restaurant. A.balance B.experience C.surface D.service D –Lily has a silk __________.Listen,she is singing in the next room!-- How nice!. A. look B. noise C. voice C —Wow,so many beautiful cars!I don’t know which one to buy. --Anyway ,you have to make a________. A.conclusion B.connection C.decision D.presentation C We need to come up with a/an________and make a decision at once. 2018年全国高考试题分类汇编-导数部分（含解析） 1.(2018·全国卷I 高考理科·T5)同(2018·全国卷I 高考文科·T6)设函数f (x )=x3+(a -1)x2+ax.若f (x )为奇函数,则曲线y=f (x )在点(0,0)处的切线方程为( ) A.y=-2x B.y=-x C.y=2x D.y=x 2.(2018·全国卷II 高考理科·T13)曲线y=2ln(x+1)在点(0,0)处的切线方程为 3.(2018·全国卷II 高考文科·T13)曲线y=2lnx 在点(1,0)处的切线方程为 4.(2018·全国Ⅲ高考理科·T14)曲线y=(ax +1)ex 在点(0,1)处的切线的斜率为-2,则a= . 5.(2018·天津高考文科·T10)已知函数f(x)=exlnx,f ′(x)为f(x)的导函数,则f ′(1)的值为 . 6.(2018·全国卷I 高考理科·T16)已知函数f (x )=2sinx+sin2x,则f (x )的最小值是 . 7.(2017·全国乙卷文科·T14)曲线y=x 2 + 1 x 在点(1,2)处的切线方程为 . 8.(2017·全国甲卷理科·T11)若x=-2是函数f (x )=(2x +ax-1)1x e -的极值点,则f (x )的极小值为 ( ) A.-1 B.-23e - C.53e - D.1 9.(2017 10.(2017递增,则称f (x )A.f (x )=2-x 11.(2017数a 12.(2017则称f (x )具有M ①f (x )=2-x ;②f (x 13.(2017·全国乙卷理科·T16)如图,圆形纸片的圆心为O ,半径为5cm ,该纸片上的等边三角形ABC 的中心为O.D ,E ,F 为圆O 上的点,△DBC ,△ECA ,△FAB 分别是以BC ,CA ,AB 为底边的等腰三角形.沿虚线剪开后,分别以BC ,CA ,AB 为折痕折起△DBC ,△ECA ,△FAB ,使得D ,E ,F 重合,得到三棱锥.当△ABC 的边长变化时,所得三棱锥体积(单位:cm 3 )的最大值为 . 14.(2017·天津高考文科·T10)已知a ∈R ,设函数f (x )=ax-lnx 的图象在点(1,f (1))处的切线为l ,则l 在y 轴上的截距为 . 15.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ高考文科·T12)若函数f (x )=x-1 3 sin2x+asinx 在(-∞,+∞)上单调递增,则a 的取值范围是( ) A.[-1,1] B.11,3 ? ? -?? ?? C.11,33??- ???? D.11,3? ? --???? 16.(2016·四川高考理科·T9)设直线l 1,l 2分别是函数f (x )=lnx,0x 1,lnx,x 1, ?-<?图象上点P 1,P 2处的 切线,l 1与l 2垂直相交于点P ,且l 1,l 2分别与y 轴相交于点A ,B ,则△PAB 的面积的取值范围是( ) A.(0,1) B.(0,2) C.(0,+∞) D.(1,+∞) 17.(2016·四川高考文科·T6)已知a 为函数f (x )=x 3 -12x 的极小值点,则a=( ) A.-4 B.-2 C.4 D.2 18.(2016·四川高考文科·T10)设直线l 1,l 2分别是函数f (x )=lnx,0x 1,lnx,x 1, ?-<?图象上点P 1,P 2处的切线,l 1 与l 2垂直相交于点P ,且l 1,l 2分别与y 轴相交于点A ,B ,则△PAB 的面积的取值范围是 ( ) A.(0,1) B.(0,2) C.(0,+∞) D.(1,+∞) 19.(2016·山东高考文科·T10)同(2016·山东高考理科·T10) 若函数y=f (x )的图象上存在两点,使得函数的图象在这两点处的切线互相垂直,则称y=f (x )具有T 性质.下列函数中具有T 性质的是 ( ) A.y=sinx B.y=lnx C.y=e x D.y=x 3 20.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ理科·T16)若直线y=kx+b 是曲线y=lnx+2的切线,也是曲线y=ln (x+1)的切线,则b= . 2017年高考试题分类汇编（集合） 考点1 数集 考法1 交集 1.（2017·北京卷·理科1）若集合{}21A x x =-<<，{}13B x x x =<->或，则 A B = A. {}21x x -<<- B. {}23x x -<< C. {}11x x -<< D. {}13x x << 2.（2017·全国卷Ⅱ·理科2）设集合{}1,2,4A =，{}240B x x x m =-+=．若 {}1A B =，则B = A ．{}1,3- B ．{}1,0 C ．{}1,3 D ．{}1,5 3.（2017·全国卷Ⅲ·理科2）已知集合{}1,2,3,4A =，{}2,4,6,8B =，则A B 中元素的个数为 A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 4.（2017·山东卷·理科1）设函数y =A ，函数ln(1)y x =-的定义域为B ，则A B = A ．(1,2) B ．(1,2] C ．(2,1)- D ．[2,1)- 5.（2017·山东卷·文科1）设集合{}11M x x =-<,{}2N x x =<,则M N = A.()1,1- B.()1,2- C.()0,2 D.()1,2 6.（2017·江苏卷）已知集合{}1,2A =，{}2,3B a a =+，若{}1A B =，则实数a 的值为______. 考法2 并集 1.（2017·全国卷Ⅱ·文科2）设集合{}{}123234A B ==，，， ，，， 则A B = A. {}123,4，， B. {}123，， C. {}234，， D. {}134，， 2.（2017·浙江卷1）已知集合{}11P x x =-<<,{}02Q x x =<<，那么P Q = A. (1,2)- B. (0,1) C.(1,0)- D. (1,2) 考法3 补集 英语试题分类汇编20个专题 宾语从句 一、选择题 ( )1. Do you know________? A. Tom lives where B. where does Tom live C. where Tom lives ( )2. She asked me________. A. whose pen it is B. whose pen it was C. whose pen was it ( )3. Don’t worry. I will show you________get there. A. how you can B. how can you C. where you can ( )4. --- It’s raining. Maybe we can go out when the rain stops. --- But do you know________? A. when the rain will stop B. when the rain stopped C. when will the rain stop ( )5. Tom’s birthday is coming. Do you know________tomorrow? A. where he had a party B. where he will have a party C. where did he have a party D. where will he have a party ( )6. ---Dad, can you tell me________? I miss her very much. ---Next month, dear. A. when will my mum come back B. when my mum will come back C. how my mum goes to work D. where will my mum go ( )7. ---What did the teacher say to you? ---He asked me________. A. why I look unhappy then B. when did I go home last night C. how could I solve the problem D. if I had got everything ready ( )8. ---Could you tell me________every morning? ---Sure. I have to catch the school bus. A. why you get up early B. why do you get up early C. why did you get up early D. why you got up early ( )9. ---David, look at the man in black over there. Can you tell me ________? ---He is an engineer. A. who is he B. who he is C. what he does ( )10. There are so many foggy days recently, we all wonder A. how is the air polluted B. Whether air is seriously polluted C. what can we do to prevent that bad weather D. what are the real reasons ( )11. They solved the problem in the end. Yet I really don’t know________ A. how they make it B. how they made it C. why did they make it D. how did they make it ( )12. ---Mr, Black, could you tell me________? ---At 10t 00 tomorrow morning A. where we’ll go hiking B. when we’ll have a meeting C. whether you’ll come to my birthday party ( )13. --- Look at the man in blue! Do you know________? ---Oh, he is a policeman. A. what does he B. what he does C. how he does ( )14. No one knew________. A. she will come B. if she would come 2017年全国高考英语试题分类汇编（共23份） 目录 2017全国高考汇编之定语从句 (2) 2017全国高考汇编之动词+动词短语 (13) 2017全国高考汇编之动词时态与语态 (30) 2017全国高考汇编之非谓语动词 (47) 2017全国高考汇编改错 (68) 2017全国高考汇编之交际用语 (82) 2017全国高考汇编之介词+连词 (96) 2017全国高考汇编之名词性从句 (112) 2017全国高考汇编之完型填空 (187) 2017全国高考汇编之形容词+副词 (330) 2017全国高考汇编之虚拟语气+情态动词 (341) 2017全国高考汇编阅读之广告应用类 (355) 2017全国高考汇编阅读之广告应用类 (375) 2017全国高考汇编阅读之科普知识类 (409) 2017全国高考汇编阅读之人物传记类 (456) 2017全国高考汇编阅读之社会生活类 (471) 2017全国高考汇编阅读之文化教育类 (552) 2017全国高考汇编阅读新题型 (658) 2017全国高考汇编阅读之新闻报告类 (712) 2017全国高考汇编之代词+名词+冠词 (740) 2017全国高考汇编之状语从句 (761) 2017全国高考汇编之定语从句 The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. A. When B. where C. why D. which 【考点】考察定语从句 【答案】D 【举一反三】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 【答案】A 二I borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______ my classmates recommended to me.. A.who B. which C. when D. Where 【考点】考察定语从句 【答案】B 【举一反三】The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. 中考英语试题分类汇编 (XX.江苏省无锡市.10. 1)Hurry if you want to be______for the beginning of the movie. times time the time time to time B (XX年上海市53. 1)Angel is keen on all kinds of pop underlined part means "_______". surprised at famous for fond of worried about C (XX年上海市54. 1)The bridge enables people to get to the island in less than an underlined part means "_______". it safe for it possible for it necessary for it enjoyable for B (XX湖北省黄冈市26，1) is very happy because he is satisfied with his students work today. moved by good for fond of pleased with D (XX湖北省黄冈市27，1)The students ought to wear school uniforms when theyre at school. supposed to allowed to like to to A (XX湖北省黄冈市28，1)Could you get some apples for me on your way home,mom? up away up up D (XX湖北省黄冈市29，1)The car looks ,its much greener because it uses electricity instead of gas. more though worse. B (XX湖北省黄冈市30，1)The new movie,Xing Xiuniang,which tells the story about the great master(大师)of Huangmei Opera,will be put on next year. up sale show up C (XX湖北省黄冈市61，1)Kate King is an English married Jack her students can call her ________. King Brown King King B (XX湖北省黄冈市62，1)When we visit Tibet,we can see ______. Temple Temple Temple Temple A十年高考(2004-2014)英语试题分类解析 代词
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