新概念英语第二册第七十一课笔记（3）
语法：虚拟语气：
一．语气的定义和种类
1 语气(mood)
语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2 语气的种类
a. 陈述语气：
表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑
问句和某些感叹句。如：
There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。
Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？
How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！
b. 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：
Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了
Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯
c. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed!祝您成功！
二．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。
条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。if 有表示“如果”的意思如：
If time permits, we’ll go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。
如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。如：
If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.
如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：
区分条件从句主句
与现在事
If＋主语＋过去式（从
句中系动词be多用
主语
＋would/should/could＋
实相反
were 形式）
动词原形
与过去事实相反 If ＋主语＋had ＋过去分词
主语＋would/should/could ＋h ave ＋过去分词 与将来事实相反
If ＋主语＋过去式/should ＋动词原形/were to ＋动词原形
主语＋would/should/could ＋
动词原形
动词形式 时间从句主句
与现在事实相反动词过去式从句用过去式(be 的过去式用were)
主句would(could/should/might)+动词原形
与过去事实相反从句用had+动词过去分词
主句用would(could/should/might)+have ＋过去分词
与将来事实可能相反动词过去式
从句用should+动词原形
主句用would(could/should/might)+动词原形
或者were to+动词原形would(could/should/might)+动词原形
注：主句中的should 只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should
常被would 代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。
1．表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：
If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the
truth. 题电源，线缆敷设完毕，要进行检查和检测处理。资料试卷试验报告与相关技术资料，并且了解现场设备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。
中资料试卷切除从而采用高中资料试卷主要保护装置。
要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。（事实上我不是你）
If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.
如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。（事实上她没有时间）
2 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I
should(would, could, might)have telephoned you.
如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。（事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。）
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t(couldn’t) have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。（事实上你根本没听我的）
3 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：
If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.
假如天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。
---What would happen if I put the paper on the fire？
---It would burn.
---我若把只放在火上会怎么样？
---纸会烧着。
注：在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，were to + 动词原形比较正式，常用于书面语中。如：
If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.
三．虚拟语气的其它用法
1 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that…”
这类句型中，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，
“必要”等意义。如:
It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English.
重要的是每个北京人能说英语。
It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once.
有必要马上把他送医院。
新概念英语第二册第七十一课笔记（4）
2 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
（1）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
a.表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be的
过去式用were )表示。如：
I wish I knew the answer to the question.
我希望知道这个问题的答案。（可惜不知道）
I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around
但愿我的家乡四季如春。（只是愿望，实际根本不可能实现）
b.表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用 had+过去分词。如：
I wish (that) I hadn’t wasted so much time.
我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。（实际上已经浪费掉了）
He wishes (wished) he hadn’t lost the chance.
他真希望没有失去机会。（事实上机会已经失去了，他感到惋惜）c.表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为
“would/should/could/might+动词原形”，此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动作名词除外）。如：
I wish it would stop raining.但愿雨能停止。
I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。
（2）在suggest（建议）, demand(要求), order(命令), propose(建议), insist（坚持要做）, command(命令),
request(要求), desire(希望)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”，表示建议，要求，命令等。如：
I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once.我建议马上开会
The undergraduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south
这位即将毕业的学生坚持要到南方去工作。
注：当suggest表示暗示，主语为something；insist表示坚持观点时，后接的宾语从句当用真实语气。比较：
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
他的沉默暗示着他赞成我的决定。
He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision他建议我
坚持自己的决定。
He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health.
他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。
He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day 他坚持他每天都要早操
3 虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法
当主语为advice, suggestion, order, proposal等词时后接表语从句，表语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的内容。如：
My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately. 司令官的命令是部队立即开拔去前线。
4．特殊的虚拟语气结构。
（1）虚拟语气用在状语从句中
由as if 或as ，though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。动词形式用动词的过去式(be→were)
或had + 过去分词。如：
The teacher treats the student as if he were her own child 这位老师带这位学生就象她的亲生孩子一样。
He speaks as if he had been to the United States
他说得好象他真的到过美国似的。
（2）在It is time (that) …; I’d rather (that)…句型中从
句的谓语动词常用动词的过去式表示虚拟语气，意思是“该干某事了，时间已经有些晚了”“我宁愿/希望”。如：
It is time that we did something to stop pollution.
该我们做些什么制止污染的时候了。
It is time that Father picked up Lily from the kindergarten.
该父亲去幼儿园接莉莉的时候了。
I’d rather you told me the truth. 我真希望你告诉我真相。I’d rather I didn’t see you again. 我宁愿不再见着你。（3）虚拟语气用在简单句中
a 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：
Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?
请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？
It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。
b在一些习惯表达中。如：
You’d better set off now. 你最好现在就出发。
I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。
c用 “may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：
May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！
May you be happy! 祝你快乐！
May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！
用动词原形。例如：
Long live the people! 人民万岁！
“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”
5．虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法
在名词advice, suggestion, order, proposal等后接的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，起形式为 “(should)+动词原形”，说明“建议”，“劝告”，“命令”等的具体内容。如：
The order came that the work should be finished two days ahead of time.
提前两天完成工作的命令传来了。
Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she should be operated on.
她勉强接受了他们要她去接受手术的建议。
（一）主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句)
（二）有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：
If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish
the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在）
If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.
如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去）
If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.
假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，
新概念英语第一册Lesson67~72课文详注 新概念英语第一册Lesson67~68课文详注 1. Were you at the butcher's?刚才您在肉店里吗? at the butcher' s=at the butcher' s shop。在英文中，表示店铺、住宅、公共机构、公共建筑物以及教堂的名字或某人家时，名词所有格后常不出现它所修饰的名词: the greengrocer' s ( shop)蔬菜水果店 the hairdresser' s ( shop)理发店 the stationer' s ( shop)文具店 the doctor' s ( office)诊所 my mother ' s ( house)我妈妈家里 St . Paul ' s ( Church)圣保罗教堂 2. be absent from 不在，缺席。 3. the country=the countryside 乡下。 country表示“农村”时，前面一定要加定冠词the。 新概念英语第一册Lesson69~70课文详注 1.hundreds of 数以百计的。 这是用来表示不定数量的复数形式。类似的结构还有thousands of(数以千计的)，millions of(数以万计的)。 但必须注意:说five hundred(500 ) , six thousand(6000)，two million(200万)等具体数字时，hundred, thousand,million这些词因为之前有具体数字而本身不加-s。
2. at the race 观看比赛。 这里的at是“出席”、“在某场合”的意思。 3. Our friends Julie and Jack were there, too.我们的朋友朱莉和杰克也去了。 Julie and Jack是Our friends的同位语。 4. car number fifteen 第15号车。 在表示编了号的东西时，可以用基数词表示顺序: Lesson 67 第67课 Page 2 第2页 Bus No.332 第332路公共汽车 Question 10 第10个问题 新概念英语第一册Lesson71~72课文详注 1.What's Ron Marston like, Pauline? 波琳，朗·马斯顿是怎样一个人? What is sb. like? 这一句式可用来询问某人的外貌或品行。就本课的具体情况而言，波琳的回答更多地是指马斯顿的品行如何。 2.He telephoned me four times yesterday…他昨天给我打了4次电话…… four times, 4次。time在英语中作不可数名词时表示"时间";作可数名词时表示"次数"。请注意英语中次数的表示法： once 1次 twice 2次 three times 3次
学习-----好资料 Lesson 71 A Famous Clock 一个著名的大钟 【Text】 When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down! 【课文翻译】 当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的东西之一就是“大本”钟，即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。如果不是国会大厦在1834年被焚毁的话，这座大钟永远也不会建造。“大本”钟得名于本杰明.霍尔爵士，因为当建造新的国会大厦时，他负责建造大钟。此钟不仅外型巨大，而且走时也非常准确。格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。当大钟打点的时候，你可以从英国广播公司的广播中听到，因为钟塔上接了麦克风。“大本”钟很多出差错。然而有一次，它却把时间报错。在钟塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上，把钟弄慢了！ New words and expressions 生词和短语
Finding fossil man 发现化?石?人 Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 读到flint 打?火?石anthropomorphic ?人格 化拟1anthropo ?人类 的让步?一?一trace back date back read of read about a trace of ?一些
Lesson 71 A Famous Clock 一个著名的大钟 【Text】 When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down! 【课文翻译】 当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的东西之一就是“大本”钟，即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。如果不是国会大厦在1834年被焚毁的话，这座大钟永远也不会建造。“大本”钟得名于本杰明.霍尔爵士，因为当建造新的国会大厦时，他负责建造大钟。 此钟不仅外型巨大，而且走时也非常准确。格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。当大钟打点的时候，你可以从英国广播公司的广播中听到，因为钟塔上接了麦克风。“大本”钟很多出差错。然而有一次，它却把时间报错。在钟塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上，把钟弄慢了！ New words and expressions 生词和短语 Eg: The building was erected in 1900-1901. 此建筑是在1900年到1901年间建造的。 Eg: Demonstrators have erected barricades in roads leading to the parliament building.
Lesson 40 Food and talk进餐与交谈 Was Mrs. Rumbold a good companion at dinner? Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation. 'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?' 'No,' she answered. 'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked. 'No,' she answered. 'Will you be staying in England?' I asked. 'No,' she answered. In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner. 'Young man,' she answered, 'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!" 参考译文 在上星期的一次宴会上，女主人安排我坐在兰伯尔德夫人的身旁。兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人，穿一件紧身的黑衣服。当我在她身旁坐下来的时候，她甚至连头都没有抬一下。她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子，不一会儿就忙着吃起来了。我试图找个话题和她聊聊。 “一出新剧要来‘环球剧场’上演了，”我说，“您去看吗？” “不，”她回答。 “您今年去国外度假吗？”我又问。 “不，”她回答。 “您就呆在英国吗？”我问。 “不，”她回答。 失望之中我问她饭是否吃得满意。 “年轻人，”她回答说，“如果你多吃点，少说点，我们两个都会吃得好的！” —、单词讲解New words and expressions host 1)n．待客的主人 hostess 女主人 the host nation 东道国，主办国 例: China is the host nation of the 2008 0lympic Games. 中国时2008奥运会的主办国。
新概念英语第二册第七十一课笔记（3） 语法：虚拟语气： 一．语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 a. 陈述语气： 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！b. 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了 Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯 c. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed!祝您成功！ 二．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。 条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。if有表示“如果”的意思如： If time permits, we’ll go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor. 如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授） 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：
The modern city 现代城市 In the organization of industrial life the in?uence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the arti?cial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants of?ces and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edi?ces and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. ?一理理的 代 ?人造的?生存?方式隺加规模 I 平庸的 ?一倒夺巨?大的?大厦南满拥塞without any idea of 完全忽视without giving any consideration to
新概念英语第四册课堂笔记 1 fossil man (化石人) Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 【New words and expressions 生词和短语】 fossil man adj. 化石人 recount v. 叙述 saga n. 英雄故事 legend n. 传说，传奇 migration n. 迁移，移居 anthropologist n. 人类学家 archaeologist n. 考古学家
新概念第一册教案 71-72课教案 教材及进度NCE1 Lesson 71 He's awful!他讨厌透了! 时长2小时周六4：00-6：00 Teaching aims and demands. *Try as far as possible to conduct the lesson in English. *Note the use of the simple present with seasons, climate, and countries. Frequency adverbs are used after the verb be. Teaching important and difficult points. 新单词：again 再，又answer 接（电话），回答answer the telephone awful 让人讨厌的，坏的last 最后的，前一次的 last night 昨天晚上phone 电话say 说 重难点单词： speak to sb 和某人通话 telephone 打电话，电话 the day before yesterday 前天 time 次数，时间 yesterday afternoon 昨天下午 yesterday evening 昨天晚上 yesterday morning 昨天早上 重难点句型：What’s (he/she/it)like? He (telephoned) four times yesterday/yesterday morning/last night etc. Did you/he/she etc.? Yes, (I) did. No,(I) did not Teaching materials. Book，notebook，exercise book。 Knowledge expansion. 课文详注Further notes on the text 1．What's Ron Marston like, Pauline? 波琳，朗·马斯顿是怎样一个人？ What is sb. like? 这一句式可用来询问某人的外貌或品行。就本课的具体 情况而言，波琳的回答更多地是指马斯顿的品行如何。 2．He telephoned me four times yesterday…他昨天给我打了4次电话…… four times, 4次。time在英语中作不可数名词时表示“时间”;作可数名 词时表示“次数”。请注意英语中次数的表示法： once 1次 twice 两次 three times 3次 3次或3次以上通常都用基数词+ times表示： five times 5次
L1 Finding fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. New words and expressions recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述 / ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次 record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后 叙述：recount : emotionless 重复 describe depict： a little emotional narrate： temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。 portray：描述 saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事 legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇 unreal e.g robin hood anthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.人类学家 anthrop：人 philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家 philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人） anthropology :人类学 带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学 geography 地理学 ecology 生态学 remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远 ancestor / 'Ansest[/ n.祖先 an- 在前面 forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先 rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉 leave me rot.＝leave me along rot to death. soon ripe,soon rotten. decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompose 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate关系逐渐恶化 trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹 trace the problem i follow your trace＝i follow where you go polynesia 波利尼西亚 poly-多 polyandric: a wife with more than one husband polygeny : a husband with more than one wife flint /flint/ n.燧石 flinting hearted fossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化石 cobble 鹅卵石 read of 读到 谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of near east：近东 mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east 非限定性从句，表原因 oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language. precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词 counterpart: two things or two people have the same position oral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart. preserve: 保留，保存（腌制） 如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth. storyteller: 讲故事的人 fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生 migration ：移民１）migrant ２）immigrant v. migrate:迁移，迁徙 migratory bird:候鸟 none: no body people＋s 民族 if they had any: 即便是有 his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized. find out千方百计，费尽周折＝explore modern men :the men who were like ourselves however－anywhere you want ,加逗号 but,yet－不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentence therefore－自由
新概念英语第一册课文（全中文）$课文1对不起！ 1对不起 2什么事？ 3这是您的手提包吗？ 4对不起，请再说一遍。 5这是您的手提包吗？ 6是的，是我的。 7非常感谢！ $课文3对不起，先生。 8请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。 9这是我（寄存东西）的牌子。 10谢谢，先生。 11是5号。 12这是您的伞和大衣 13这不是我的伞。 14对不起，先生。 15这把伞是您的吗？ 16不，不是！ 17这把是吗？ 18是，是这把 19非常感谢。 $课文5很高兴见到你。 20早上好。 21早上好，布莱克先生。 22这位是索菲娅 23索菲娅是个新学生。 24她是法国人。 25索菲娅，这位是汉斯。 26他是德国人。 27很高兴见到你。 28这位是直子。 29她是日本人。 30很高兴见到你。 31这位是昌宇。 32他是韩国人。 33很高兴见到你。 34这位是鲁明。 35他是中国人。 36很高兴见到你。 37这位是晓惠。 38她也是中国人。 39很高兴见到你。 $课文7你是教师吗？
40我是个新学生， 41我的名字叫罗伯特。 42很高兴见到你。 43我的名字叫索菲娅。 44你是法国人吗？ 45是的，我是法国人。 46你也是法国人吗？ 47不，我不是。 48你是哪国人？ 49我是意大利人。 50你是教师吗？ 51不，我不是。 52你是做什么工作的？ 53我是电脑录入员。 54你是做什么工作的？ 55我是工程师。 $课文9今天好吗？ 56你好，海伦 57你好，史蒂文 58你今天好吗？ 59很好，谢谢你。 60你好吗？ 61很好，谢谢。 62托尼好吗？ 63他很好，谢谢。 64埃玛好吗？ 65她也很好，海伦。 66再见，海伦。 67见到你真高兴。 68我见到你也很高兴，史蒂文。69再见。 $课文11这是你的衬衫吗？ 70那是谁的衬衫？ 71戴夫，这是你的衬衫吗？ 72不，先生。 73这不是我的衬衫。 74这是我的衬衫。 75我的衬衫是蓝色的。 76这件衬衫是蒂姆的吗？ 77也许是，先生。 78蒂姆的衬衫是白色的。 79蒂姆！ 80什么事，先生。 81这是你的衬衫吗？ 82是的，先生。 83给你。
精品好文档，推荐学习交流 【知识点讲解】 1. 今天我们开始全面接触过去时态。我们上两节课中已经学到过be 动词的过去式，其实英语里所有的动词都会随着时态的变化而发生改变。在一般过去时态中，动词就应该使用相应的过去式。比如课文中telephone 的过去式就是telephoned;say 的动词是said 。 动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种：规则动词的过去式只要在动词后面加上-ed ，比如answer - answered;如果动词本来就以e 结尾，则直接加d 。比如phone - phoned 。 不规则动词的变化就各不相同，比如say - said ，但好在数量并不多，大家就接触到一个、记住一个吧! 2. 使用过去时态时通常句子里会带上一些表示过去时间的状语，比如yesterday(昨天)，the day before yesterday(前天)，yesterday morning(昨天上午)，yesterday afternoon(昨天下午)，yesterday evening(昨天傍晚)和last night(昨天夜晚，这个比较特别大家注意一下) 第九章：状物类文章的阅读指导与训练 Lesson71 JANE: What's Ron Marston like, Pauline? PAULINE: He's awful! He telephoned me four times yesterday, and three times the day before yesterday. He telephoned the office yesterday morning and yesterday afternoon. My boss answered the telephone. JANE: What did your boss say to him? PAULINE: He said, ‘Pauline is typing letters. She can't speak to you now!’ PAULINE: Then I arrived home at six o'clock yesterday evening. He telephoned again. But I didn't answer the phone! JANE: Did he telephone again last night? PAULINE: Yes, he did. He telephoned at nine o'clock. JANE: What did you say to him? PAULINE: I said, 'This is Pauline's mother. Please don't telephone my daughter again!' JANE: Did he telephone again? PAULINE: No, he didn't! 简：波淋，朗.马顿是怎样一个人? 波淋：他讨厌透了!他昨天给我打了4次电话， 前天打了3次。 波淋：他昨天上午和下午把电话打到了我的办公室， 是我的老板接的。 简：你老板是怎么对他说的? 波淋：他说：“波淋正在打信，她现在不能同你讲话!” 波淋：后来，我昨晚6点钟回到家里。 他又打来电话，但我没接。 简：他昨夜里又打电话了吗? 波淋：是的，打了。他在9点钟又打电话。 简：你对他怎么说的? 波淋：我说：“我是波淋的母亲。 请不要再给我女儿打电话了!” 简：他又打了没有? 波淋：没有!
新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson46 【课文】 Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in state of chaos. Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. He is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party. But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine. It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment. If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tires, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time. They are often more industrious, useful citizens than those who are never late. The over- punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual. The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance. Some friends of my family had this irritating habit. The only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted them. If you are citing a train, it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minted too late. Although being early may mean wasting a little time, this will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one; and you avoid the frustration