Your husband comes here. Here comes your husband.
适用范围：框架结构可设计成静定的三铰框架或超静定的双铰框架与无铰框架。混凝土框架结构广泛用于住宅、学校、办公楼，也有根据需要对混凝土梁或板施加预应力，以适用于较大的跨度；框架钢结构常用于大跨度的公共建筑、多层工业厂房和一些特殊用途的建筑物中，如剧场、商场、体育馆、火车站、展览厅、造船厂、飞机库、停车场、轻工业车间等。
（2）剪力墙结构体系：：因为剪力墙的抗侧刚度较大，剪力墙结构体系在水平力作用下的侧移量很小，结构的整体性好，抗震能力强，可以建造较高的建筑物。剪力墙结构采用大模板或滑升模板等先进施工方法施工时，施工速度很快，可节省大量的砌筑填充墙等工作时间。但剪力墙的布置受到建筑开间和楼板跨度的限制。墙与墙之间的间距较小，难于满足布置大空间等使用要求，造价略高。在我国，无论在地震区还是非地震区的高层建筑中，剪力墙结构体系得到了广泛的应用。
（3）、框架-剪力墙结构：
框剪结构的刚度和承载力较框架结构有明显的提高，在水平荷载作用下的层间变形减小，因而减小了非结构构件的破坏。在我国，无论在地震区还是非地震区的高层建筑中，框剪结构体系得到了广泛的应用。其优点是空间大，利于分割房屋布局，造价低、安全。其缺点
（4）、筒体结构：分为实腹筒、框筒及桁架筒。用剪力墙围成的筒体为实腹筒。在实腹筒的墙体上开除许多规则的窗洞所形成的开孔筒称为框筒，它实际上是由密排柱和刚度很大的窗裙梁形成的密柱深梁框架围成的筒体。如果筒体的四壁是由竖杆和斜杆形成的桁架组成，则水平力作用下都可以固定于基础上的箱型悬臂结构，它比单片平面结构具有更大的抗侧刚度和承载力，并具有很好的抗扭刚度。因此，该种体系广泛应用于多功能、多用途，层数较多的高层建筑中。其优点安全性高，缺点是造价也很高。（多文字详细版本）
（1）混凝土梁柱承重，叫做框架结构
常用于10层以下的多层公共建筑，比如办公楼，商场等。在非地震区也用于高层建筑。A play ground is in front of the classroom. In front of the class is a playground.
优点：室内空间大，可以满足复杂的建筑形式，抗震能力稍强。房间隔墙可以随意拆改。
缺点：框架柱尺寸过大，不适合民用住宅。在地震区很难超过7层。
（2）混凝土梁和混凝土墙承重，叫做剪力墙结构
常用于普通高层住宅，和房型非常复杂的多层洋房和别墅。
优点：承重结构为片状的混凝土墙体，房间不见柱子的棱角，比框架结构更适合用于住宅。混凝土墙体的抗震能力最强，房屋安全度很高。
缺点：混凝土用量多，自重大，总高度通常无法超过150m。混凝土墙体为高强度承重墙体，房间不能拆改。
（3you
常用于高层的办公楼、商场和酒店。
优点：室内空间的使用以及房间隔墙的拆改，和框架结构一样灵活多变。抗震性能与纯剪力墙结构一样坚固。
缺点：混凝土用量多，自重大，总高度通常无法超过150m。
（4）筒体结构：将剪力墙或密柱框架集中到房屋的内部和外围而形成的空间封闭式的筒体。常用于多功能、多用途，层数较多的高层建筑中。
其缺点：造价高
23、简要说明抗震概念设计主要包括哪些的内容？
答：：1．建筑的体型力求简单、规则、对称、质量和刚度变化均匀。2．抗震结构体系，应符合以下要求：（1
预习思考题）具有多道抗震防线，避免因部分结构或构件破坏而导致整个体系丧失抗震能力或对重力荷载的承载能力；（3）应具备必要的强度、良好的变形能力和耗能能力；（4）具有合理的刚度和强度分布，避免因局部削弱或突变形成薄弱部位，产生过大的应力集中或塑性变形集中；对可能出现的薄弱部位，应采取措施提高抗震能力。3．抗震结构的各类构件应具有必要的强度和变形能力（或延性）。4．抗震结构的各类构件之间应具有可靠的连接。5．抗震结构的支撑系统应能保证地震时结构稳定。6．非结构构件（围护墙、隔墙、填充墙）要合理设置。
24判断下列倒装句是部分倒装还是全部倒装。檩屋盖和无5 unit4 Making the news
屋盖？各自的特点如何？
答：（1）屋面材料采用大型屋面板时，屋面荷载通过大型屋面板直接传给屋架，这种屋盖体系称为无檩屋盖；当屋面材料采用轻型板材如石棉瓦、压型钢板等时，屋面荷载通过檩条传给屋架，这种体系为有檩屋盖。
（2）无檩屋盖特点：屋面刚度大，整体性好，施工方便，但屋盖自重大，不利于抗震，柱距受到限制。
（1. Never will zhou
25、屋盖支撑有哪几种？支撑体系在屋盖结构中的作用？
答：屋盖支撑包括：
（1）、屋架和天窗架的横向支撑。还可以分为屋架和天窗架的上弦横向支撑以及屋架下弦横向水平支撑。
（2）、屋架的纵向支撑：可分为屋架上弦纵向支撑和屋架下弦纵向水平支撑。
2. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills）、屋架和天窗架的支持支撑。
（4）、屋架和天窗架的水平系杆。还可以分为屋架和天窗架上弦水平系杆以及屋架下弦水平系杆。
主要作用：所有支撑应与屋架、托架、天窗架和檩条（或—大型屋面板）等组成完整的体系。传递屋架平面外荷载、保证屋架构件在其平面外稳定以及屋盖结构在平面外的刚度。
3. Here comes my list of dos and don'ts.
答：小震不坏，中震可修，大震不倒即是三水准的简称.具体来说第一水准：遭遇低于本地区设防烈度的多遇地震影响时，建筑物一般不损坏或者不需要修理仍然可以继续使用；第二水准：当遭遇本地区设防烈度是的地震影响时，建筑物可能损坏，但经过一般的修理或者不需要修理仍然可以使用；第三水准：当遭遇高于本地区的基本设防烈度的罕遇地震时的影响，建筑物不倒或者不发生危及生命的破坏。
是通过二阶段设计实现三阶段的抗震设防要求的.
第一阶段设计是多遇地震下的承载力验算和弹性变形计算。
第二阶段是罕遇地震下的弹塑性变形验算。
27、什么是梁的整体失稳？影响梁的整体稳定的主要因素有哪些？
答：（1）梁在荷载作用下，虽然其截面的正应力还低于钢材的强度，但其变形会突然离开原来的弯曲平面，同时发生侧向弯曲和扭转，这就称为梁的整体失稳。
（2）主要因素：梁的侧向抗弯刚度，抗扭刚度，抗翘曲刚度，梁侧向支撑点之间的距离，梁的截面形式，横向荷载的形式、在截面上的作用位置等5. In front of them was a broken bicycle.
28、试述焊接残余应力对结构工作的影响？
答：对结构的静力强度不影响，降低结构的刚度，增加钢材在低温下的脆断倾向。对结构的疲劳强度有明显的不利影响。
29、角焊缝为何要限制焊缝的长度？
答：角焊缝焊角尺寸大而长度过小时，将使焊件局部受热严重，且焊缝起落弧的弧坑相距太近，加上可能产生的其他缺陷，也使焊缝不够可靠,规定了侧面角焊缝或正面角焊缝的最小计算长度。
侧面角焊缝在弹性阶段沿长度方向受力不均匀，两端大中间小，故规定了侧面角焊缝的最大计算长度。
30、如何提高梁的整体稳定性？其具有效而经济的方法是什么？
为部分倒装，________________为全部倒装。
总结：你是如何判断的？
总结:部分倒装：是把_________ ___________ _________放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后.全部倒装：是只将句子中的______________全部置于主语之前. 此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
二、分析归纳下列例句,哪些是完全倒装？哪些是部分倒装？
1. Little did he realize how disappointed she was.
2. Only in this way can we learn English well.
3. Hardly had she arrived home when it began to heavi
4. Now comes your chances to shine.
5. Off flew the cuckoo.
6. Around the lake are many old castles.
呈现—发现—归纳
一、部分倒装;部分倒装主要有以下几种情况
例句: Not a word did I say to him.
No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep
归纳 1. 句首状语为_____________词或______________的句子.这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, few, not, no等,
巩固练习:
1 Hardly ________ the airport when the plane took off.
A. I had arrived at
B. had I arrived
C. had I reached
D. I had got to
2 She is not fond of cooking, ________ I.
A. so am
B. nor am
C. neither
D. nor do
例句: Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词 Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
归纳2.________________+ 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。 (从句
巩固练习:
3 Only in this way ________ make progress in your English.
A. you
B. can you
C. you be able to
D. will you able to
4 Only when the meeting was over________ go back to meet his friend.
A. he could
B. he was able to
C. was he able to
D. was able to he
例句: I saw the film, so did she.
I don’t feel like eating, Neither/nor does he.
归纳3 以________ _______ ________开头的承接句,即:表示第二句的情况与第一句一样的句式
巩固练习:
5 I like sports and ________ my brother.
A. so does
B. so is
C. so can
D. so likes
6 So loudly ________ that ________ hear her clearly.
A. did she speak; could everyone
B. did she speak; everyone could
C. she spoke; could everyone
D. she spoke; everyone could
例句: Not only did I make a promise ,but I also kept it.
Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.
但not only...but also...连接主语时,不倒装。如: Not only the mother but also the children are sick.
归纳4 "__________ + 分句,__________ + 分句"句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。
巩固练习:
7 ________ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.
A. Not was only he
B. Not only he
C. Not only was he
D. Not only was
例句: Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句
Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句
归纳5）___________放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。
巩固练习:
8 Not until the early years of the 19th century ________ know what heat is.
A. man did
B. man
C. didn't man
D. did man
9 Not until I began to work ________ realize how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I
B. did I
C. I didn't
D. I
例句:Hard as he studies,he can’t pass the exam.
Child as he is,he knows more about the world.
归纳6）______________引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序,
其语序为: 名词(无冠词/形容词/副词/动词+as+主语+动词
巩固练习:
10 ________, he's honest.
A. As he is poor
B. Poor is he
C. Poor as he is
D. Poor as is he
例句: Many a time has John given me good advice.
Now and then does Mr white go to the film.
归纳7）在以often, always, well, then, every other day, many a time, now and then 等________副词(短语开头的句子中,用部分倒装结构.
巩固练习:
11 Many a time ________ swimming alone.
A. the boy went
B. went the boy
C. did the boy go
D. did go the boy
例句: Such a good boy is he that we all love him.
So fast did he run that we can’t catch up with him
归纳8）在so(such…that 结构中, ___________或_______位于句首加强语气时用部分倒装
巩固练习:
12 _____ that we all went out, lying in the sun.
A.So fine was the weather
B.So was the fine weather
C.The weather was so fine was
D.So the weather was fine
二、全部倒装:全部倒装有以下几种情况例句：There stood a dog before him.
There exist different opinions on this question.
归纳1_______________结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等
巩固练习：
1 ________ a beautiful palace ________ the foot of the hill.
A. There stand; at
B. There stands; under
C. Stands there; under
D. There stands; at
例句: Here comes the old lady!
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
归纳2 "Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be等+ 主语" 结构。说明:本句型中there是副词,应重读,强调地点。而前一句型中的there是引导词,本身没意义。
除了then引导的句子用过去式以外,其余的均用一般现在时,表示一种生动的描述。其次,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:
Here you are. There she comes.
巩固练习:
2 There ________. And here ________.
A. goes the phone; she comes
B. is the phone going; is she
C. does the phone go; does she come
D. the phone goes; come she 例句：Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy.
归纳3表示_____________out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。
巩固练习:
3 Out ________, with a stick in his hand.
A. did he rush
B. rushed he
C. he rushed
D. he did rush
4 ________ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.
A. Jumped down the robber
B. Jumped the robber down
C. Down jumped the robber
D. Down the robber jumped
例句: Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.
Such was the story he told me.
归纳 4 "分词(代词+ be + 主语"结构。
巩固练习:
5 ________, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits.
A.Einstein was such
B.Such was Einstein
C. Einstein was so
D. So was Einstein
6 ________ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.
A. Gone
B. Go
C. To go
D. Going
例句: On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.
In front of the classroom is a playground.
归纳5表示___________的介词短语(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等放在句首时,要全部倒装。
巩固练习:
7 Near the church ________ cottage.
A. was such an old
B. had a so old
C. was such old a
D. is so an old
随堂检测
1. Only in this way _______ progress in your English.
A. you make
B. can you make
C. you be able to make
D. will you able to make
2. Only after liberation _______ to be treated as human beings.
A. did they begin
B. they had begun
C. they did begin
D. have they begun
3. Only when the war was over in 1945 _______ to get a college education.
A. he was able
B. he is able
C. was he able
D. is he able
4. Only when the war was over _______ to his hometown.
A. did the young soldier return
B. the young soldier returned
C. returned the young soldier
D. the young soldier did return
5. Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.
A. man did know
B. man knew
C. didn't man know
D. did man know
6. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize
B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize
D. I realize
7. Little _______ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he care
B. did he care
C. he cares
D. he cared
8. Not until all the fish died in the river _______ how serious the pollution was.
A. did the villagers realize
B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize
D. didn't the villagers realize。
9. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______ so happy.
A. did I feel
B. I felt
C. I had felt
D. had I felt
10. No sooner had he finished his talk _______ he was surrounded by the workers.
A. as
B. then
C. than
D. when
11._______ got into the room, _______ the telephone rang.
A. He hardly had; then
B. Hardly had he; when
C. He had not; than
D. Not had he; when
12. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once_____ with each other.
A. they had quarreled
B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled
D. had they quarreled
13. I like sports and _______ my brother.
A. so does
B. so is
C. so
D. so likes
14.She is not fond of cooking, _______ I.
A. so am
B. nor am
C. either do
D. nor do
15.Helen doesn't like milk and _______ .
A. so I don't
B. so don't I
C. either I do
D. neither do I
16.--I don't think I can walk any further. -- _______ . Let's stop here for a rest.
A. Neither am I
B. Neither can I
C. I don't think so
D. I think so
17. ---"Did you enjoy that trip?" ---"I'm afraid not. And _______ ."
A. my classmates don't either
B. my classmates don't too
C. neither do my classmates
D. neither did my classmates
18. After that we never saw her again, nor _______ from her.
A. did we hear
B. we heard
C. had we heard
D. we have heard
19. ---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?---I don't know, _______ .
A. nor don't I care
B.nor do I care
C.I don't care neither
D.I don't care also
20. So _______ that no fish can live in it.
A. the lake is shallow
B. shallow the lake is
C. shallow is the lake
D. is the lake shallow
21. Be Quick! _______ .
A. The bus comes here
B. The bus here comes
C. Here the bus comes
D. Here comes the bus
22. On the wall _______ two large portraits.
A. hangs
B. hang
C. hanged
D. hanging
23. _______ , he doesn't study well.
A. As he is clever
B. He is as clever
C. Clever as he is
D. As clever he is
高考链接
全国各省市高考中的倒装句试题
1（重庆卷34）_____,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sound
B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound
D. Strange as it might sound
2（陕西卷10））_____ that Marci was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was
B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful
D. So was her successful business
3（全国卷11）If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, ____.
A. he will either
B. neither will he
C. he neither will
D. either he will
4(江苏卷31--- My room gets very cold at night.
--- ___________.
A. So is mine
B. So mine is
C. So does mine
D. So mine does
5（安徽22）Little _______ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.
A. he realized
B. he didn't realize
C. didn't he realize
D. did he realize
6(重庆卷26Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them.
A.I realized
B.I had realized
C.had I realized
D.did I realize
7.(江西卷31It was announced that only when the fire was under control ___ to return to their homes.
A.the residents would be permitted
B.had the residents been permitted
C.would residents be permitted
D.the residents had been permitted
8（江苏卷32）__________ you eat the correct foods ___________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A.Only if … will you
B. Only if … you will
C.Unless … will you
D. Unless … you will
2012-2006倒装句高考考题
2012
【2012重庆】33. The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor ______it a thought.
A. does he even give
B. he even gives
C. will he even give
D. he will even give
【2012天津】6. Only after Mary read her composition the second time ____ the spelling mistake.
A. did she notice
B. she noticed
C. does she notice
D. she has noticed
【2012江西】32. Never before _____ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A. had she
B. she had
C. has she
D. she has
【2012辽宁】32. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ____ having a holiday abroad.
A. he had considered
B. had he considered
C. he considered
D. did he consider
【2012四川】5. This is not my story, nor ______ the whole story. My story plays out differently. A. is there B. there is C. is it D. it is
2011
1.（2011·全国新课标卷）28．Only when he reached the tea-house it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A. he realized
B. he did realize
C. realized he
D. did he realize
2.（2011·湖南卷）32 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _______a decision.
A. they reached
B. did they reach
C. they reach
D.do they reach
2010-2006
1.（10 陕西17）John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand
B. a girl stood
C. did a girl stand
D. stood a girl
2. (09福建25 For a moment nothing happened. Then _____ all shouting together.
A. voices had come
B. came voices
C. voices would come
D. did voices come
3. (09海南31 The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _________, but students became more interested in the lessons.
A. saved was teachers’ energy
B. was teachers’ energy saved
C. teachers’ energy was saved
D. was saved teachers’ energy
4. (09山东27So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attack
B. the attack did
C. was the attack
D. the attack was
5. (09陕西18 Little ________ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rose care
B. Rose did care
C. Rose does care
D. does Rose care
6. (09四川16Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.
A. Mum did go
B. did Mum go
C. went Mum
D. Mum went
7. .(08,江西It was announced that only when the fire was under control ___ to return to their homes A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted
C. would the residents be permitted
D. the residents had been permitted
8.(08江苏__________ you eat the correct foods ___________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A. Only if … will you B. Only if … you will C. Unless … will you D. Unless … you will
9.(07全国Ⅱ11If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, ___________ . .
A.he will either
B.neither will he
C.he neither will
D.either he will
10.(07上海31—How was the televised debate last night?
—Super!Rarely___________ so much media attention.
A.a debate attracted
B.did a debate attract
C.a debate did attract
D.attracted a debate
11.(05湖北34—Father，you promised!
—Well，___________.But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.
A.so was I
B.so did I
C.so I was
D.so I did
12.(07重庆34___________ ，his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A.Strange as might it sound
B.As it might sound strange
C.As strange it might sound
D.Strange as it might sound
13.(07辽宁23I have been living in the United States for twenty years，but seldom
___________so lonely as now.
A.have I felt
B.I had felt
C.I have felt
D.had I felt
14.(07江苏31—My room gets very cold at night.
—__________. .
A.So is mine
B.So mine is
C.So does mine
D.So mine does
15.(06安徽31Never in my wildest dreams __________these people are living in such poor conditions.
A.I could imagine
B.could I imagine
C.I couldn’t imagine
D.couldn’t I imagine
16.(06四川28
At the foot of the mountain__________.
A.a village lie
B.lies a village
C.does a village lie
D.lying a village
More Than I Had Dreamed Of
From the time I was seven, I had a dream of becoming a member of the Students Union．I always 36 my school leaders for taking responsibility for all of us．So I dreamed of being a leader．
Years flew by, and soon I was able to participate in the elections, 37 I would win．But the reality struck that I hadn't had a chance．I wasn't pretty．Girls across the school hardly knew me．I just did not have what it 38 to win a school election．I was 39 ．
As I cried in my room that evening, I 40 took a deep breath and decided I wouldn't stop dreaming．I decided that I would 41 for elections again in my final year at school—and I would win．
I recognized that my 42 had a lot of things in their favor．What were the 43 that would work in my favor? I had good grades, and I was friendly and helpful．And my biggest 44 was the faith I had．I would not allow my 45 appearance to hold me back from putting my best foot forward．That evening, I 46 my election plans a whole year in advance．
I realized that girls would have to get to know me and recognize that I had the ability to
47 them．I loved making friends and I liked being helpful, 48 I decided that perhaps I could use these qualities to work to my advantage．In order to learn how to present a great election 49 , I also attended a course on effective public speaking．
The day after the election, when the principal announced I won the second highest number of votes, the students 50 That joy on the faces of all my friends showed me that my victory was 51 theirs．
Suddenly, I realized that I had 52 much more than I had dreamed of．I had made many new friends and had helped people 53 the way．I had won the 54 and love of my school-mates and they knew me as somebody who would stand by them．I was able to put a smile on their faces and 55 their day．
36．A．admired B．remembered C．praised D．believed
37．A．praying B．planning C．calculating D．judging
38．A．assessed B．provided C．meant D．took
39．A．concerned B．depressed C．surprised D．confused
40．A．gradually B．immediately C．suddenly D．impatiently
41．A．pay B．stand C．speak D．wait
42．A．competitors B．companions C．enemies D．schoolmates
43．A．cases B．methods C．examples D．points
44．A．problem B．strength C．worry D．dream
45．A．young B．personal C．special D．plain
46．A．began B．discussed C．announced D．cancelled
47．A．recommend B．accompany C．represent D．support
48．A．but B．and C．so D．or
49．A．campaign B．speech C．ceremony D．promise
50．A．nodded B．gathered C．cheered D．cried
51．A．only B．still C．almost D．also
52．A．accomplished B．accumulated C．devoted D．developed
53．A．by B．to C．in D．along
54．A．appointment B．acceptance C．election D．reputation
55．A．enrich B．bless C．brighten D．expand
C
Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job．The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker．If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the job's wages, its holidays and its other benefits．
Job sharing differs from conventional （常规的） part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the．more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment．
Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people．Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities．
As would be expected, most job sharers are women．A survey carded out in 1988 by Britain's Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age．Subsequent studies have come up with similar results．Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status．Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence．
The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs．However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position．Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones．In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals．
63．In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?
A．Work sharing requires more working hours．
B．Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs．
C．Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary．
D．Work sharing depends on the employer's decision．64．According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-
time work mainly because _____．
A．they sought higher social status
B．they were over ideal working ages
C．they had difficulty finding full-time jobs
D．they had to take care of both work and family
65．In job sharing the partners should _____．
A．enjoy equal social status B．have similar work experience
C．keep in touch with each other D．know each other very well
66．The main purpose of the passage is to ______．
A．describe job sharing in general B．discuss how to provide more jobs C．recommend job sharing to women D．compare job sharing with work sharing
D
The Child Ego State
The Child ego state is a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings which are replayed from our own childhood．
Perhaps the boss calls us into his or her office, we may immediately get a churning in our stomach and wonder what we have done wrong．If this were explored we might remember the time the head teacher called us in to tell us off．Of course, not everything in the Child ego state is negative．We might go into someone's house and smell a lovely smell and remember our grandmother's house when we were little, and all the same warm feelings we had at six years of age may come flooding back．
The Child ego states are constantly being updated．For example, we may meet someone who gives us the permission we needed as a child, and did not get, to be fun and joyous．We may well use that person in our imagination when we are stressed to resist our old ways of thinking that we must work longer and longer hours to keep up with everything．We might ask ourselves " I wonder what X would say now．" Then on hearing the new permissions to relax and take some time out, do just that and then return to the work renewed and ready for the challenge．Afterwards, rather than blaming ourselves for what we did or did not do, what tends to happen is that we automatically start to give ourselves new permissions and take care of ourselves．
Alternatively, we might have had an extremely unpleasant experience yesterday which goes into the Child ego state as an antique memory that stands in the way of our
growth．Positive experiences will also go into the Child ego state as antique memories．The positive experiences can then be drawn on to remind us that positive things do happen．
The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis．It is important to remember that ego states do not have an existence of their own．They are concepts to enable understanding．Therefore it is important to say "I want some fun" rather than "My Child wants some fun．" We may be in our Child ego state when we say this, but saying "I" reminds us to take responsibility for our actions．
67．The writer uses two examples in Paragraph 2 in order to ______．
A．prove the Child ego state is negative B．explain why we become nervous
C．support the idea in Paragraph 1 D．introduce the point of Paragraph 3
68．By asking "I wonder what X would say now" , we intend to ______．
A．blame ourselves B．avoid stress
C．keep up with everything D．accept challenges
69．According to the passage, the Child ego state ______．
A．exists in one's childhood B．shows one's wisdom
C．limits one's thoughts D．influences one's actions
70．The underlined word "this" in the last paragraph refers to ______．
A．"I want some fun" B．"My Child wants some fun"
C．the Child ego state D．structural analysis
倒装句Inversion 主语放在谓语的前面，叫做自然语序。 谓语放在主语的前面，叫做倒装语序。 1．倒装的种类： 1）将谓语全部放在主语前面的叫全部倒装。 2）将谓语一部分（助动词/情态动词）放在主语前面的叫部分倒装。 3) 倒装用法巧记忆：（五全八部话倒装） 五全：有/时/表/地方 八部：不/只/让步/也/需/常/如此/祝福 谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be 动词等功能置于主语这前。 结构： 全部倒装： ①引起全部倒装的成分(放句首) + V + 主语 ②表语+ 系动词+ 主语 部分倒装： ①引起部分倒装的成分(放句首) + do/did/does + 主语+ V原形 ②引起部分倒装的成分(放句首) + can/could/might等情态动词+ 主语+ V原形 ③引起部分倒装的成分(放句首) + be动词(am, is, are, was, were ) + 主语+ 表语 （一）全部倒装 基本结构为“引起倒装的词或词组+ 谓语+ 主语” 1“There + be” 句型。 ¤表示存在概念的状态动词，如：be ( 有各种时态变化)，exist，remain，live，lie，stand等； ¤表示某事发生或某人到达等概念的不及物动词，如：come，enter，arise，occur，follow，等 There happen +主语（碰巧）；There appear +主语 There seem +to be主语（似乎） There be going to be+主语（将会）There used +to be主语（曾经）There be likely to be+主语（很可能）
《文言文特殊句式》导学案 一、【学习目标】 1.了解高考中常考的文言文特殊句式。 2.掌握文言文特殊句式的几种类型的标志及翻译方法。 二、【学习重、难点】 学习重点：文言文特殊句式的几种类型的标志。 学习难点：倒装句式的辨识和翻译。 三、【学习方法】自学、归纳总结 【考纲解读】 高考文言文考查能力要求明确指出：“理解与现代汉语不同的句式和用法。”考查形式主要有显性和隐性两种。显性就是以选择题形式判断句式的不同，隐性是将文言文特殊句式放在翻译中综合考查。 主要的特殊句式：判断句、被动句、倒装句（变式句）、省略句。 ㈠判断句 1、用“者”或“也”表示判断，这是典型的文言判断形式。 （1）主语后用“者”，谓语后用“也”表示判断。 如：夺项王天下者，必沛公也。 （2）主语后单用“者”，或谓语后单用“也”表示判断。 如：四人者：庐陵萧君圭君玉，长乐王回深父…… （3）“者也”在句尾连用表示判断。 如：①城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。②沛公之参乘樊哙者也。 （4）“者”、“也”全不用。 如：①刘备，天下枭雄。②秦，虎狼之国。 2.用副词“乃”“则”“即”“皆”“素”“耳”等表示判断。这些形式也比较多见。 如：①臣乃市井鼓刀屠者。②此则岳阳楼之大观也。③即今之傫然在墓者也 ．．。④夫六国与秦皆诸侯。⑤且相如素贱人。⑥此亡秦之续耳。 3.用动词“为”、“是”表示判断。（文言文中用“是”作判断动词的较为少见） 如：①故今之墓中全乎为五人也。 ②问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。 ③巨是凡人，偏在远郡……
4.用“非”、“未”、“弗”等表示或辅助表示否定的判断。 如：①吾本非文人画士…… ②六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦。 ③人固未易知，知人亦未易也。 ④呼尔而与之，行道之人弗受。 （注意：以上各种类型判断句，译成现代汉语时，如是肯定判断句，要用“是”；如是否定判断句，要用“不是”。） ㈡被动句 1.用介词“于”、“受”、“受……于……”表被动(“于”引进动作行为的主动者)。 如：①六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。②吾不能举全吴之地，十万之众，受制于人。 2.用“见”、“见…于……”表示被动（“于”引出动作的主动者）。 如：①信而见疑，忠而被谤。②秦城恐不可得，徒见欺。③吾常见笑于大方之家。 3.用“为”、“为……所……”（“为”引出动作的主动者）或“……为所……”表示被动。 如：①而身死国灭，为天下笑。②为．（wéi，动词，治理的意思）国者无使为积威之所劫哉。 ③不者，若属皆且为所虏。 4.用介词“被”表示被动 如：①舞榭歌台，风流总被雨打风吹去。②予犹记周公之被逮，在丁卯三月之望。 5.动词本身表示被动（这是意念上的被动句，没有任何标志，要根据上下文来判别补出）。 如：①傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中。（傅说从筑墙的工作中被选拔，胶鬲从贩卖鱼盐的人中被举拔。）②帝感其诚。（天帝被愚公的诚心感动。） ㈢省略句 1.省主语。 ①廉颇为赵将，（）伐齐，（）大破之。承前省 ②沛公谓张良曰：“……（）度我至军中，公乃入。”蒙后省 ③每假借于藏书之家，（）手自笔录，（）计日以还……（）录毕，（）走送之。自述省 ④“独乐乐，与人乐乐，孰乐？”（）曰：“不若与人。”对话省 2.省谓语（无论是古代还是现代，省略谓语的现象还是比较少的）。 ①军中无以为乐，请以剑舞（为乐）。 ②一鼓作气，再（鼓）而衰，三（鼓）而竭。 3.省略动词或介词的宾语。（宾语常见的是代词“之”） （1）省略动词后的宾语 ①项王曰：“壮士！之卮酒赐。”则与（之）斗卮酒。
篇一：高中语法教学设计：倒装句 教学课例之教学设计 —高二英语组张帆 book 5 unit 4 grammar: inversion 一、教学设计 （一）教学目标 1.知识与技能 (1)．通过本节课的学习使学生理解倒装句的概念； (2)．在练习中体会并掌握倒装句的用法； (3)．提高学生的语言应用能力； (4).解决从语法学习到实际运用的转化的问题。 2.文化与策略 （1）通过合作学习让学生了解倒装句在语言运用方面的作用；（2）通过句型转换练习让学生在比较中体会陈述与倒装的不同功能。 3.情感与态度 （1）了解中英两种不同语言的不同特点，体会语言的魅力；（2）通过语法学习，培养学生对语言艺术的探索情感。（二）教学内容 1.教学内容的地位、作用与意义： 本节课是本单元“语言学习”部分——“发现有用结构”。这部分通过学生自学、教师讲解以及大量相关练习，使学生语言表达技巧得到提高，通过语法学习让学生打下较好的语言基础。训练学生运用地道的英语句式来表达思想、传递信息。 2.教材的编排特点、重点和难点 （1）.教材的编排特点：教材首先基于学生已有知识和经验，以让学生观察本单元阅读课文中的几个典型倒装句，讨论分析倒装的原因和类型。课堂上教师适当补充相关内容，让学生全面了解掌握倒装句的运用。 （2）.教材的重点： 全部倒装和部分倒装中高考要求的几个常用句式，如：状语、表语前置，否定副词连词位于句首等情况的倒装。 （3）.教材的难点： 使用倒装的句式较多较繁杂，学生理解相对容易，掌握运用就较难。（三）教学对象 1.学生已有知识和经验：学生通过学习本单元中的“阅读”部分，对倒装句的相关知识有了一定了解。教学中要充分利用，使学生积极主动地参与教学过程。
题目: 倒装句 备课人：姜慧君 审批人：姜慧君 备课日期：2014. 4 授课日期：2014. 4 【学习目标】掌握倒装句的用法。 【学习重点】理解部分倒装和全部倒装。 【学习难点】倒装句的灵活使用。 【知识链接】 英语的基本语序是“主语 + 谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序叫做倒装语序。倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要，二是为了强调。倒装主要有两种：部分倒装，把助动词放在主语之前，谓语的其他部分放在主语之后。全部倒装，将整个谓语放在主语之前。 【学法指导】自主学习，理解并学会运用。 【学习过程】 一、全部倒装： 1、用于there be 句型。 There are many students in the classroom. 2、句首状语引起完全倒装。以here there, now, then out, in, up, down, away 等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。 Here comes the bus. Now comes your turn. Out went the children. 当代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。 Here it is. Here he comes. 3、句首状语为表示地点的介词短语。 South of the city lies a big steel factory. From the valley came a frightening sound. 4、表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语 + 系动词 + 主语” 1）形容词 + be + 主语 Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. 2) 过去分词 + be + 主语 Gone are the days when they would do what they liked. 3) 介短 + be + 主语 Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. 5、so, nor, neither 开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容。 He has been to Beijing, so have I. Liwei can’t answ er the question, neither can I. so 后主谓不倒装，表示对前面所述内容的肯定、确认。 Tom is very kind, so he is. 二、部分倒装： 1、否定副词no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly 以及含有no, not 的短语(at no time, by no means, not once)放在句首时。 Never in my life have I heard such a thing. Not a single word did he say at the meeting. At no time will China turn superpower. Not once has he kept his promise. 2、以否定词开头的关联结构。not only…but also…, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when.只将前半部分倒装，后半部分正常语序。Not until +时间状语 + 倒装 Not until + 句子 + 倒装。 Not until late in the evening did he come back. Not until he finished the work did he begin to watch TV . He did n’t begin to watch TV until he finished the work. Not only did he buy a bike for me but also he sent it to my house. Hardly had he got on the bus when he heard a shout. =No sooner has he got on the bus than he heard a shout. 3、only + 副词/介短/状语从句。 Only this afternoon did I finish the novel. Only in this way can you learn English well. He stays in bed when he is seriously ill. →Only when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed.
2019高考英语总练习学案第11讲：倒装句 倒装的两种考法： 1.放在单项选择题中，考查考生的倒装语法知识是否熟练掌握； 2.放在完形填空和阅读理解中，设置理解障碍。 倒装的两种形式： 1.完全倒装：将整个谓语动词提到主语前。 2.部分倒装：即半倒装，将谓语的一部分即助动词提到主语前。 【一】完全倒装 【翻译句子】 (1)车来了。 Herecomesthebus. (2)铃响了。 Theregoesthebell. (3)孩子们冲出来了。 Outrushedthechildren. (4)那个男孩离开了。 Awaywenttheboy. 【结论1】表方位的副词here,there或out,in,up,down,away,off等标志词放在句首，句子用完全倒装。 【翻译句子】 (12)Littledoesheknowaboutthenews. 他对这消息知之甚少。 (13)Bynomeanscanhecatchupinsuchashorttime. 他根本不可能在这么短的时间里赶上来。 【结论1】含有否定意义的副词或短语如：few,little,never,not,notuntil,nowhere,rarely,seldom,hardly/scarcely…when…，nosooner…(than)…，notonly…(butalso),atnotime,bynomeans等放在句首时，需用部分倒装。 【疑难1】 Heisactiveinpersonality,andheseldomstaysindoors.(无助动词) Heisactiveinpersonality,andseldomdoeshestayindoors.(添加does) 【疑难剖析1】假设原句中没有助动词，必须根据谓语动词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do,does或did。 【疑难2】 NotonlychildrenbutalsoadultsareinterestedinthefilmHarryPotter. 【疑难2】Notnotonly…butalso连接两个并列主语时不可倒装。只有在连接两个句子且将notonly所连接的句子提到句首时，才可用倒装，butalso后面的句子不倒装。 【疑难3】 Ihadhardlygottotheairportwhenthep lanetookoff. →HardlyhadIgottotheairportwhentheplanetookoff.(注意谓语动词形式) 【疑难剖析3】在“hardly/scarcely…when/nosooner”位于句首时，要用部分倒装。【疑难4】Thevillagersdidnotrealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishdiedintheriver
文言文倒装句专题教案 【学习目标】 1．了解高考对文言倒装句式的要求。 2．理解和掌握与现代汉语不同的文言倒装句式及其用法。 3．通过相关练习加以巩固和提高。 【学习重点】学生掌握辨析较复杂的文言倒装句式方法。 【学习方法】讲练结合，注重积累。 【学习课时】1课时 【学习过程】 一、学：练习导学 阅读下面的文段，涵盖了多种文言特殊句式，请将画线的句子特征作判断，并翻译成现代汉语。 客有为齐王画者，齐问曰：“画孰最难？”曰：“犬马最难。”“孰最易？”曰：“鬼魅最易。”“何为？““夫犬马,人所知也,旦暮罄于前,不可类也,故难；鬼魅无形者,不罄于前,故易之也.” （1）客有为齐王画者（句式：） 翻译： （2）不罄于前（句式：） 翻译： 现代汉语的句子成分的顺序，一般为“主─谓─宾”“定（状）─中心词”。但在文言文中，在一定条件下，句子成分的顺序会发生变化，这就是古汉语中所谓的倒装句，即指文言文中一些句子成分的顺序出现了前后颠倒的情况。倒装句有下面几种情况： 一、主谓倒装（谓语前置或主语后置） 二、宾语前置（宾语置于动词谓语或介词之前）（复习重 点）三、定语后置（定语放在中心词之后） 四、介宾短语后置，也叫状语后置（状语处在动词谓语之后） （探：双主探究） 一、主谓倒装 主谓倒装句有三种情况：语气强烈的疑问句；语气强烈的感叹句；旧诗词为了韵律相合。 ①甚矣，汝之不惠！（汝之不惠！甚矣！） ②美哉，我少年中国！（我少年中国，美哉！） ③渺渺兮予怀（予怀渺渺兮） 二、宾语前置(重点) 文言文中，动词或介词的宾语一般置于动词或介词之后，但在特定条件下宾语前置。
1．否定句中代词作宾语，宾语前置。 ①古之人不余欺也。（不欺余） ②我无尔诈，尔无我虞。（我无诈尔，尔无虞我） ③忌不自信,而复问其妾曰……（忌不信自） 2．疑问句中疑问代词作宾语，宾语前置。 ①大王来何操？（大王来操何） ②沛公安在？（沛公在安） ③而又何羡乎？（而又羡何乎？） 3．用“之”或“是”将宾语前置，用这种宾语前置的格式时，还可以在宾语之前加上“唯(惟)”，构成“唯(惟)……是……”的格式，强调宾语的作用就更大。 ①句读之不知，惑之不解。（不知句读，不解惑） ②唯利是图。（唯图利） ③何陋之有？（有何陋？） 4．介宾短语中宾语前置 ①不然，籍何以至此？（籍以何至此） ②嗟尔远道之人胡为乎来哉？（嗟尔远道之人为胡乎来哉？） ③项伯东向坐（项伯向东坐） 三、定语后置： 1．中心语+定语+者 ①计未定，求人可使报秦者，未得。（求可使报秦者人） ②客有吹洞箫者，倚歌而和之。（有吹洞箫者客） ③楚人有涉江者（有涉江者楚人） 2．中心语+之+定语，“之”是定语后置的标志。 ①蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强。（蚓无利爪牙，强筋骨） ②居庙堂之高则忧其民，处江湖之远则忧其君。（居高庙堂则忧其民，处远江湖则忧其君） ③四海之大，有几人欤？（大四海，有几人欤？） 3．中心语+之（而）+定语+者，“之”是定语后置的标志。 ①石之铿然有声者，所在皆是也。（铿然有声石，所在皆是也） ②大阉之乱，缙绅而能不易其志者。（而能不易其志者缙绅） ③马之千里者，一食或尽粟一石。（千里马） 4．用数量词作定语时，数量词大多数放在中心词的后面。 ①一食或尽粟一石。（一食或尽一石粟
倒装句导学案看例子得 结论含答案 公司内部档案编码：[OPPTR-OPPT28-OPPTL98-
倒装句导学案 一、仔细观察例句，参考《新测评》P73-75，把下列句子改写为倒装句并给予总结 Susan had hardly entered the room when the doorbell rang. ——Hardly had Susan entered the room when the doorbell rang. I will lend money to him under no circumstances. ——under no circumstances will I lend money to him. . She not only didn't accept my invitation, she but also was extremely angry. ——Not only did she accept my invitation, but also she was extremely angry. 1.)I have never seen such wonderful pictures in my life. Never have I seen such wonderful pictures in my life. 2.)I was bored at no time during the tour. At no time was I bored during the tour. 3. ) He seldom paints now. Seldom does he paint now. 4. ) I had hardly got to Amsterdam when it began to snow. Hardly had I got to Amsterdam when it began to snow. 5. ) We can give up learn at no time. At no time can we give up. 6.) John not only loves Chinese, he is also good at speaking it. Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it. Conclusion _____________________________________________________________________ _____
Inversion 倒装句型 Step 1: A quiz of the preview You were asked to preview 预习 “Inversion” on Page 89 . Now see how much you know about it. 1. How many kinds of inversions are there in English? What are they? 2. Read the inversion sentences in Reading I on Page 26. Summary: a. 句子的基本语序：_________________ eg: I love English. b. 把谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前, 叫___________结构。 c. 如果______________放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装; eg: Here comes the car. d. 如果只把______________放在主语之前, 叫部分倒装。eg: Never have I heard such a thing. e. 倒装的原因：语法结构的需要,或者是为了强调。 Step 2: Grammar study ※ 重点一：完全倒装: 谓语置于主语前。 eg: The children went out. Out went the children. The days are gone. Gone are the days. 使用完全倒装的情况： 将下列句子变成倒装句： (1) A small factory lies in the south of the river. __________________________________________________________________________________________ (2) Mr. Green and many other guests were present at the party. __________________________________________________________________________________________ (3) The girl went away. _________________________________________________________________ 把下列倒装句变成基本语序： (1) Out rushed the boy. _________________________________________________________________ (2) On the top of the mountain stands an ancient tower. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 使用倒装句型翻译下列句子： (1)这是你想要的那本书。______ ______ the book you want. (2)那里以前没有学校。_______ _______ _______ schools before. (3)整座高楼展现在我们面前。_____ ______ ______ us lay _____ ______ ________ ※重点二：部分倒装：助动词/情态动词/be 动词置于主语前。（反复朗读下列句子） (1) I know little about your life. Little do I know about your life. (2) I have never heard such a thing. Never have I heard such a thing.
教学过程 一、复习预习 1、Which、who、whom、whose、that、as等关系代词引导的定语从句； 2、When、where、why等关系副词引导的定语从句 3、如何决定用关系代词还是关系副词 二、知识讲解与例题精析 主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序： 一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（Natural Order）； 二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（Inverted Order）。 而倒装语序中又有完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion） 完全倒装（Full Inversion）:又称"全部倒装",是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
部分倒装（Partial Inversion）:指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。 前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。 语义解析 一、表示强调: 倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下: 1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例子: Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 2. hardly, in no way, little, scarcely, seldom, never, no more, no longer, not, not only, no sooner, not only … (but also),not until…等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例子: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。 3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that 之间的部分。 例子:
《劝学》 学习目标 1. 知识目标 掌握文中出现的大量文言实词，如“利、备、望、用、疾、致、假、绝、兴、功、强、间”等；文言常用虚词，如“于、者、而”；古今字和通假字，如“有(又)、暴(曝)、生(性)、輮(煣)、知(智)、乎(于)”等。 2. 能力目标 本课在阐述事理、论证观点时大量使用比喻论证的手法和比喻论证的特点。 了解荀子有关学习的意义、作用和学习应持有的态度的论述，明确学习的重要性以及学习必须“积累”“坚持不懈”“专心致志”的道理。 学习重难点 1掌握文中出现的大量文言实词虚词。 2本课在阐述事理、论证观点时大量使用比喻论证的手法和比喻论证的特点。 相关链接 文学文化常识 1．荀子(约公元前313-前238)，名况，字卿，战国末期赵国人，曾游学于齐，当过楚国兰陵令。后来失官居家著书，死后葬于兰陵。荀子是孔孟之后最著名的儒家学者，是战国时期的思想家、教育家。他学识渊博，重实践，具有一定的朴素唯物主义思想。荀子的著作有《荀子》二十卷，共32篇。大多数是他自己的著作，一部分是他的门人写的。这部书集中反映了荀子的思想和他的文章风格。该书由《论语》《孟子》的语录体发展为有标题的论文，标志着古代说理文的进一步成熟。他的散文说理透彻、语言质朴、多排比句，又善用比喻。《劝学》是《荀子》的第一篇。本文是原文前几段的节录。 2．解题： 《劝学》的“劝”起着统领全篇的作用。 劝：“劝勉”的意思。 繁体字“勸”字，凡是用“力”作形旁的字，多数有给人们勉励的意思，如“励”、“努”等。这是“劝”的本义，而在现代汉语中，“劝”，解释为“劝阻”，词义已经转移了。作者在这篇以《劝学》为题目的文章中，勉励人们要不停止地坚持学习，只有这样才能增长知识，发展才能，培养高尚的品德。 学法指导 1．学生要借助注释、工具书，结合课文语境，理解其意义和用法，然后通过课堂点拨、完成课后“思考和练习”以及熟读、背诵，切实掌握。 2．学生应有意识地注意文言实词的古字通假、古今异义、单音词和双音词等现
倒装句导学案 一、仔细观察例句，参考《新测评》P73-75，把下列句子改写为倒装句并给予总结 1.e.g. Susan had hardly entered the room when the doorbell rang. ——Hardly had Susan entered the room when the doorbell rang. e.g I will lend money to him under no circumstances. ——under no circumstances will I lend money to him. e.g. She not only didn't accept my invitation, she but also was extremely angry. ——Not only did she accept my invitation, but also she was extremely angry. 1.)I have never seen such wonderful pictures in my life. Never have I seen such wonderful pictures in my life. 2.)I was bored at no time during the tour. At no time was I bored during the tour. 3. ) He seldom paints now. Seldom does he paint now. 4. ) I had hardly got to Amsterdam when it began to snow. Hardly had I got to Amsterdam when it began to snow. 5. ) We can give up learn at no time. At no time can we give up. 6.) John not only loves Chinese, he is also good at speaking it. Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it. Conclusion __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2.e.g. The actor came to the party only after being asked three times. ——Only after being asked three times did the actor come to the party. 7). You can learn as much about European artists only on such a trip. Only on such a trip can you learn as much about European artists. 8). I realized the importance of math only then. Only then did I realize the importance of math. 9). He was able to get happily back to work only when the war was over in 1918.
倒装句之部分倒装的复习 I.Teaching aims: 1.To know the usage of Partial inversion 2.To practice the usage of Partial inversion II.Teaching Important points: Enable the students to use partial inversion properly. III.Teaching difficult points: （1）In which cases, partial inversion is used. （2）Pay much attention to some special situations in partial inversion and learn to rewrite the sentences. IV. Teaching methods Task-based learning; cooperative learning; practice V.Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Leading in (1)Let the st udents look at the picture and guess the phrase “Partial Inversion”. (2)Let the students think over and ask one of the students answer the structure of partial inversion. The answer:部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词(has/have/had)、情态动词(can/could/may/might...)或be（am/is/are）提至主语之前即可。如果句中的谓语中没有助动词、系动词或情态动词，则需根据句子时态借助助动词do, does或did并将其置于主语之前，再把句子的动词还原。 (3)Let the students make a conclusion according to some exercises and find out the essence of the partial inversion. 结论：部分倒装的句式结构实质就是标志性句首词+一般疑问句结构！
高效复习探究学案------倒装句 一．创设情境，导入复习要点 Enjoy the following story: Long long ago, ____________; On the hill____________; In the temple ______________; The old monk was telling stories to a little monk. What story was he telling? 二．学习考纲----关于倒装句部分(高考考什么) 二．复习倒装句 任务一结合课本句子分析出倒装的概念和种类 Ask the Ss to find out the sentences beginning with never, not only ,only if or here in the reading passage. A. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. B. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills. C. Only if you ask many different questions can you acquire the information you need to know. D.Here comes my list of dos and don’t. 观察比较这几个句子，找出语序的不同。 基本语序（I love English）______________ a,b和c的语序；______________________ d的语序；____________________ 总结：英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做_____________________。而倒装可分为
倒装句教学设计 Grammar: Inversion一、教学设计（一）教学目标1.知识与技能 (1)．通过本节课的学习使学生理解倒装句的概念； (2)．在练习中体会并掌握倒装句的用法； (3)．提高学生的语言应用能力； (4).解决从语法学习到实际运用的转化的问题。 2.文化与策略 （1）通过合作学习让学生了解倒装句在语言运用方面的作用；（2）通过句型转换练习让学生在比较中体会陈述与倒装的不同功能。 3.情感与态度 （1）了解中英两种不同语言的不同特点，体会语言的魅力；（2）通过语法学习，培养学生对语言艺术的探索情感。 （二）教学内容 1.教学内容的地位、作用与意义： 本节课是本单元“语言学习”部分——“发现有用结构”。这部分通过学生自学、教师讲解以及大量相关练习，使学生语言表达技巧得到提高，通过语法学习让学生打下较好的语言基础。．
训练学生运用地道的英语句式来表达思想、传递信息。 2.教材的编排特点、重点和难点 （1）.教材的编排特点：教材首先基于学生已有知识和经验，以让学生观察本单元阅读课文中的几个典型倒装句，讨论分析倒装的原因和类型。课堂上教师适当补充相关内容，让学生全面了解掌握倒装句的运用。 （2）.教材的重点： 全部倒装和部分倒装中高考要求的几个常用句式，如：状语、表语前置，否定副词连词位于句首等情况的倒装。 （3）.教材的难点： 使用倒装的句式较多较繁杂，学生理解相对容易，掌握运用就较难。 （三）教学对象 1.学生已有知识和经验：学生通过学习本单元中的“阅读”部分，对倒装句的相关知识有了一定了解。教学中要充分利用，使学生积极主动地参与教学过程。 2.学生学习方法和技巧：在现实语法学习过程中，很多学生过分把注意力放在语法规则上面，而不注重语言运用能力的培养。在教学中，通过句型转换、改错等练习的训练让学生在实际中运用语法规则，而不是死记硬背语法的条条框框。 3.通过课后的写作训练，让学生尽量把所学的倒装句式运用到作文中去。从而训练学生理论与实践相结合的能力。
人教版高中英语必修二【导学案】Unit2 Language Points of Reading 1. To learn some language points in this text to enlarge the vocabulary. 2. To use the language points when doing the exercises. Learning Important and Difficult Points: 1. To learn to analyze some long and complicated sentences. 2. To learn some phrases by heart. Learning Procedures: 第一部分：自主探究 I. 根据词汇表和课文写出下列短语的英语表达方式 代表，象征____________ 积极参加____________ 和…竞争____________ 为…竞争____________ 在…竞争____________ 每四年____________ 用B取代A ____________ 达到统一标准____________ 作为...被接受____________ 也；还；又____________ 在…中起重要的作用__________ 实际上____________ 主管，看管__________ 因某事对某人负责____________ stand for; take an active part in; compete against; compete for; compete in; every four years; replace A with B; reach the agreed standard; be admitted as; as well; play a very important part/ role in; as a matter of fact; in charge of; take responsibility for 第二部分：难句突破 1.[原句回放] I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。我曾经写过很久以前奥林匹克运动会的情况。 ［句法分析］what 引起___宾语_____从句, 并在从句中作call的___宾语__, “Ancient Greece”作宾补。what相当于the place that。 [小试牛刀] 1). After a long journey, they came to what is called (所谓的)Chinatown. (call) 2). I don’t agree with what he said just now(他刚才所说的). (say) 3).What she missed most(她最怀念的) were the days she spent with his grandparents in the countryside. (miss) 2. 2.[原句回放] Every four years. There are two main sets of Games—the Winter and the Summer Olympics. 每四年一次。运动会主要有两种：夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会。1)The Olympic Games are held in a different country every four years /every fourth year. 2）She visited him in the hospital every two days/ every second day/ every other day. [归纳拓展]1) every 与数词连用表示每（隔）..., every +基数词+复数名词= every +序数词+单数名词 2)每两年,或每隔一年every two years; every second year; every other year. 3)每隔几年every few years