2017届新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略
高考考情分析解读：
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：
(1)What does the underlined word ―downside‖ in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)
(2)What does the underline phrase ―a pipe dream‖ in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)
(3)What does the word ―contributions‖ in t he last paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)
常见的命题形式有：
The underlined word in the second paragraph means ―________‖．
Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?
The underlined word ―________‖ in Paragraph 2can best be replaced by ―________‖．
What does the phrase ―________‖in Paragraph 1 mean?
本学案结构：
代词指代猜测题目
句子猜测句意题目
附：典故谚语知识储备
单词或短语意思猜测题
该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从―已知‖得出―未知‖的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词进行生义的猜测或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替等。
作者常常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其在一些科普类、社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中，定义解释作者所用词的准确含义。下定义时，作者通常使用信号词，如i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer to, known as等等。利用同义解释猜词
同义解释形式多样，有的利用下定义，有的利用or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely 等引出后面的解释，有的利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句或同义词、近义词等引出后面的解释。
1).Anthropology is the scientific study of man.
2).It will be very hard but very brittle— that is , it will break easily.
3). This was a very domesticated bird that needed help or it would not survive.
A.Having been abandoned
B.Having been used to home life
C.Having been used to life in the wild
D.Having been weak and hungry
4). He is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily.
5). She is bilingual. In other words, she speaks English and French equally well.
6). Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.
7). The schools are reluctant to take time off——even teachers with tickets for the
England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.
?The underlined word ―reluctant‖ may probably mean_______.
A.kind
B. unwilling
C. free
D. careless
同义词（近义词）
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。并列关系(同义关系）提示词：and, also, as … as, the same as利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。
例如.
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips- of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we‘ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
题目.Which of the following can replace the underlined word ―courier‖ in Paragraph1?
A. provider
B. delivery man
C. collector
D. medical doctor
9).Mr. White loves to talk , his wife is also as loquacious as him.
10).Mark Twain was not the author’s real name; it was a pseudonym.
11).The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.
12).If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write ―No‖.
13).Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also
regard drinking as harmful.
英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前后缀构成的，运用构词法判断生词的意义是一种快速有效的解题方法。根据构词法猜测词义英语中的许多词汇，特别是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的。因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。
根据词根、前缀、后缀、复合、派生等猜测词义。
super- inter- mini- micro- -some anti- co-
post- pre- -ship
pro- 表示“往前”
progress ['pr?ugres] n./v. 进步promote v.增进，促进，提高
pre- 提前，领先
predict vt. 预测prevent vt. 预防；妨碍preview n./v. 预览；预习
prevent
记：预先pre 走掉（-vent，似went）是预防
Timely repetition will prevent you from forgetting words.
及时重复才能预防忘记单词。timely adv. 及时地repetition n. 重复
per “每个，都，一直”
person n. 人percent n. 百分比
persist v. 坚持persuade [p?'sweid]vt.说服，劝服
记：一直（per）碎碎（sua）念就可以说服
re-表示“再次，重复，往回，”
repeat n./v. 重复rewrite v. 重写，改写
recall v.回想，记起；召回recover v. 重新获得，恢复
report n./v 报告
表示“往上”的前缀up-和in- “向下”的前缀de
grade n. 等级，级别，成绩
upgrade ___________ degrade ______________
increase n./v 上升增加decrease n./v 减少，减小
in-除了表示“往上”，更重要的意思是“往里”。和它音近的im-，en-，em- 都是“往里”的含义
inside a.里面的
import vt. 进口
记：port港口，进到（im-）港口来，叫进口
invite v. 邀请
ink n. 墨水
in-是“往里”，那想想“往外”怎么说？
往外ex-，e-
export v./n 出口expand v. 扩张exit v. 出口['eksit] experience n. 经历，经验vt.体会explain v.解释
exhibit v. 展览[ig'zibit; eg-]
表示否定的前缀：
un- unfair,unhappy
non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前)
in-inactive, inhuman, indirect (常用在adj.)
dis-disagree,disappear
im-impolite,impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前)
il-illegal
ir-irreal, irregular
(B).表示错误或失当的前缀:
mis-misjudge, misdirect(误导)
(C).表示向背的前缀:
pro-(亲，支持) pro-Chinese, pro-American anti-（阻止，抗）antiwar, anti-Japanese war (D).表示程度、大小的前缀
super- superstar,supermarket,
superman, superpower
over- overhead, overeat, overuse
mini- minibus, miniskirt, mini-car
under- underground, underestimate
semi-(半，部分) semicircle, semiskilled,
(E).表示时间的前缀
pre- prewar
post- postwar
fore-(前，预先)
foretell,
forecast, foresee,
weather forecast
(F).表示方位的前缀：
sub- subway, submarine
inter- international,
interclass(年级之间的）
trans-(横过，通过，超越，进入)
transplant,
transatlantic （横渡大西洋的）
常见的后缀
-ment 名词性后缀，表“行为，结果或具体物”
move v.移动；搬家movement n.运动，活动
agree v. 同意agreement n.同意，协议
manage v.管理management n.管理
-tion 名词后缀，表动作，性质，状态
1. n. 行动action
2. n. 污染pollution
3. n. 人口population
4. n. 手术operation
-ty 名词后缀，加在形容词后面,表示特性或情况
1. n. 诚实honesty
2. n. 安全safety
3. n. 多样；种类；；变化variety
4. n 焦虑anxiety
5. n. 残酷cruelty
-able, 形容词后缀有”能够、有某种特性”的意思
1. adj. 舒服的comfortable
2. adj. 合适的suitable
3. adj. 时尚的，时髦的fashionable
4. adj. 有道理的，合理的，公道的reasonable
5. adj. 可信赖的，可靠的
v. 信赖rely reliable
6. adj. 大量的；可观的
考虑动词是？
considerable adj.大量的，可观的
7. adj. 稳定的
stable adj. 稳定的
记：s-音似“死”；-table桌子。一个死的桌子，肯定是很稳定的。
8.adj 可用的，可得到的
available adj 可用的，可得到的
-ish 为形容词和名词后缀。
1. adj. 愚蠢的foolish
2. adj. 自私的selfish
记忆：一条自私的鱼
3. n. 垃圾rubbish
4. n. 英语English
5. adj. 英国的，英国人的British
-ful 形容词后缀
1. adj. 鲜艳的，多姿多彩的colourful
2. adj. 高兴的，愉快的cheerful delightful
3. adj. 有希望的，有前途的hopeful
4. adj 有意义的，意味深长的meaningful
5. adj. 奇妙的，极好的，精彩的wonderful
1.动词变名词：
-ation
satisfaction, education, realization
-ment
development, movement, disappointment
-al
arrival, refusal
-ee
trainee（受训者）, employee
-er
teacher, worker
-or
visitor, sailor
wrong-doer 做错事情的人
补充学习
over- : too much overcrowded
(1)Overwork may cause diseases.
(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.
2.en- 动词前缀enable, endanger, enrich
3.重要后缀-ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, -able, -less, -en等
4.合成词For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.
Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.
Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. …At any rate, my love for Rachel remained without result. We graduated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army.
I was sent overseas during the war. For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.
词性转换（解释意思）
He is a man with broad shoulders.
We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.
So when someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths, and think of something that gives you p leasure…Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean
accepting the action of the person who upsets you.
Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. (trouble 词性与意义？)
[真题演练] A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,_or worry.
利用上下文语境和前后句之间的并列、因果、转折、对比、解释、定义和举例等关系来猜测词义。同时要特别留心某些词语，如or，that is，in other words，including，although，but，even if，on the other hand，on the contrary，other than，rather than，more than，instead of等。
利用上下文线索猜测词义
(1)重述
作者为了使某一难词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号与句子的其他部分隔开(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)或用信号词引导。常见的信号词有：or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put in another way等等。
[典例]In the library, I found my way into the“Children's Room.”I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle,_the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.
(2) 举例
作者常常会通过对某一难词给出具体的例子，帮助读者理解该词的词义。举例常用的信号词有：such as, such ...as, for example, for instance, like, including, especially等。
[典例] Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.
1). Tom must be very affluent. He wears expensive clothes and jewelry, drives a Rolls-Royce convertible, and owns a $1,750,000 house in London.
2). You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, English Learning, or Reader‘s Digest.
(3)对比转折法：根据反义词或对比关系猜测词义。
有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/词组常见的有：(whether)．..or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, nevertheless, instead, rather than, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand，but, however, although , though，while(然而), rather than, instead of 等标志词。
[典例]If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track.
73．The underlined word“upbeat”in the second paragraph probably means “________”. A．cheerful B．average
C．serious D．temporary
举例：
He had been getting better, However , during the night his condition deteriorated.
A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.
She is usually prompt for all her class , but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
对比Time is something from which we can‘t escape. Even if we ignore it, it‘s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, ―Who‘s in charge?‖ We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.
?The underlined word ―ally‖ most likely means somebody or something that is ______.
A. your slave and serves you
B. your supporter and helps you
B. under your control and obeys you D. under your influence and follows you
（4）因果关系法：根据前后句因果关系猜测词义。
Signal words: because，since ,so, such…that, so…that, for, ect.
I could see nothing because the light was too faint .
I feel that since you are my superior（上司），it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .‖
The word “presumptuous”is closest in meaning to ―”.
A．full of respect B．rude and too confident
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
词语再应用
1). The collision of the two cars caused a lot of damage to both.
a). side-by-side b). striking c). acting
2). My dog is hostile to strangers and therefore will bark at you and may bite you until he gets to know you.
a). friendly b). kind c). unfriendly
3). The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow。
4) . That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
5).The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
因果Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists.
?What do the underlined words ―pack out what you pack in‖ probably mean?
A. Keep everything out of campgrounds.
B. Take away everything you bring in.
C. Carry all the necessary food.
D. Look after your personal belongings.
再如：
真题演练
[典例] There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a_pipe_dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
30．What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．A practical idea. B．A vain hope.
C．A brilliant plan. D．A selfish desire.
[典例] This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. 63．The underlined word “hoist”in Paragraph 4 means “________”．
A．change B．lift
C．repair D．decorate
在英语句子中，同位语或同位语从句、定语从句等都起着解释说明、补充或限定的作用，因此也能提供猜测词义的线索。
[典例] Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,_ one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
65．What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Countries where their people need help.
B．Powerful states with higher civilization.
C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.
D．Governments ruled with absolute power.
生活常识经验：根据自身的直接或间接的经验，运用自己已有的常识, 以及英美国家的风俗习惯、宗教信仰、社会生活等将生词推测出来。
1). Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.
The word ―pruning‖ means______
A. Regular cutting of the plants
B. Frequent watering
C. Regular use of chemicals
D. Growing the plants high in the mountain
2). Husband：It‘s really cold out tonight. Wife: Sure it is. My hands are almost numb. How about lighting the fireplace?
a). dying b). frozen c). hurt
3). The objects around you are visible because they interact with light .Light typically travels in
a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light，bouncing it away from its original path.Others absor
b light，stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it，so you can see it easily.
The underlined word ―dead‖ in Paragraph 3 means ________．
A．silently B．gradually
C．regularly D．completely
4). My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn‘t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed_off for the night.Fortunately，I didn‘t get any channels showing all night movies or I
would never have gotten to bed.
W hich of the following can best replace the phrase ―signed off‖ in Paragraph 1?_______ A．ended all their programs
B．provided fewer channels
C．changed to commercials
D．showed allnight movies
代词指代猜测题
代词指代题要求考生依据语境的逻辑关系，判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it(指动物、无生命的事物、特定的事件或人)，they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those 等在文章中的指代意义，以考查考生对文章中叙述的特定的人、物、事件的再认能力。常见的命题形式有：The word ―it/they‖ in the last sentence refers to ―________‖. What does ―that/those/them‖ in Paragraph 3 refer to?
Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.
What does the underlined word ―They‖ refer to?________
A．Flooded waters. B．Wildlife journeys.
C．Safari camps. D．Unique rides.
直接要求考生指出代词所指的具体内容
[例] However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing.
?In Paragraph 2, the underlined word ―that‖ refers to ______.
A. being good at something
B. setting a practical goal
C. putting in more time
D. succeeding in life
间接考查考生对代词指代内容的把握
因为代词在上下文或上下句中起语义的衔接作用，在解答某些细节题时，如果不弄清代词的指代内容，就很难选出正确的答案。解题中，考生需要利用代词的回指或预指来理清上下句的衔接关系，从而找到问题的答案。
It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness, felt herself being pulled along the ground, and saw someone else holding her purse.
?When did Lisa become conscious again?
A. When the train was leaving.
B. After she was back on the platform.
C. After the police and fire officials came.
D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.
Twain‘s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called ―nigger shows‖ in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black-face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.
Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
?What does the underlined word ―they‖ refer to?
A. The attacks
B. Slavery and prejudice
C. White men
D. The shows
Two 12-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowe d out a boat to search a football. Once they‘d rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.
What does ―it‖ refer to?
A. The beach
B. The water
C. The boat
D. The wind
However，physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way，who led the new study.West said，―I was inspired while watching a television progr am showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought，?Why don‘t they just try rolling the things？‘‖A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides，he realized.That，he notes，should make a bloc k of stone ―a lot easier to roll than a
square‖．
So he tried it．
What does the underlined word ―it‖ in Paragraph 7 refer to?__________
A．Rolling the blocks with poles attached.
B．Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.
C．Rolling poles to move the blocks.
D．Rolling the blocks with fat.
名师点津
解答代词指代题时，我们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后邻近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清其来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。因此，理解上下文(特别是上句)的意思和代词所在句的意思是解题的关键。
针对句子句意猜测题
名师点津
考查句意理解的试题一般出现在长难句中。对于这种试题，考生应该认真阅读原文，特别是画线句子的上下文，准确理解作者的观点，尤其是对特定的人、物、事件的褒贬观点，以准确推断语句的含义。
句意猜测题通常需要考生猜测意思的是一个具有概括性的句子或是格言、谚语等，要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。常见的命题形式有：
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ―________‖．
The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean ________．
While，deep down，we know we can do it，our mind—or the minds of those close to us—usually says we can‘t.That isn‘t a reason to stop，it‘s just the mind，that little man or woman on your shoulder，trying to talk you out of something again.It has done it many times before.It‘s all about starting simple and doing it now.
Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little，or large，release from the jail of your mind and you‘ll be on your way.
Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?_________ A．Escape from your punishment.
B．Realization of your dreams.
C．Freedom from your tension.
D．Reduction of your expectations.
常见典故谚语（短语）知识储备
skeleton in the cupboard/closet 碗橱里的骨架引申为：不为人知的家丑，不可外扬的家丑，隐情‖
the last straw 压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草,终于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事，终于使人不支的最后一击，导火线;
―have nine lives like a cat‖（富有生命力的）
you reap what you sow一分耕耘，一分收获our small kindnesses often bring us rich rewards, while our small offence can bring disasters.
senior citizens 老年人，年长的人
as easy as pie 十分容易，轻而易举
―meet one‘s Waterloo‖（一败涂地）
capital punishment 死刑
dog tired非常累
catch-22 第二十二条军规（指让人左右为难的规定或处境）
―rain cats and dogs‖（倾盆大雨）
Don't count your chickens before/until they are hatched.
鸡蛋未孵出,先别数小鸡。寓意:别高兴太早了。
Pandora‘s Box 潘多拉魔盒(邪恶之源)、
see the handwriting on the wall –see signs that disaster is coming
Achilles‘ heel 阿基里斯的脚踵(致命弱点)、
the apple of somebody‘s eye—a child who is loved very much by his or her parents.
视觉的核心”，即“眼睛中的苹果(apple of the eye)”时，我们就会联想到，那是对我们来说最为宝贵的东西。与汉语成语“掌上明珠”颇相似。
《圣经》中的Adam's apple(喉结) 、
a feather in one‘s cap—something that you can be proud of
可夸耀的事,值得骄傲的事。
《圣经》中的Garden of Eden伊甸园(世外桃源)、
Shylock（夏洛克）来比喻―狡诈者，守财奴‖
scratch the surface 隔靴搔痒，只触及问题的表面或一小部分
其他古希腊典故：
the sword of Damocles(达摩克利斯之剑)“富贵中隐藏的危险”的同义语，也可以指形势危急，千钧一发。
Damon and Pythias 生死之交
Penelop’s web 一项永远也完不成的工作
apple of discord意思是“不和的根源、发生纠纷的事端”
daphne（月桂树）古罗马人便用月桂树枝条编成冠冕，奖励音乐、美术、体育竞赛和作战的胜利者，“桂冠”就成了优胜的标志和荣誉的象征。
猜测词意练习题目：
Passage 1
A man‘s position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.
The word ―disgrace‖ means _________ in this text.
A. honor
B. endanger
C. proud
D. shame
Passage 2
The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.
The underlined word ―banished‖ me an_______.
A. killed by stoning
B. sent away
C. imprisoned
D. punished by whipping
Passage 3
Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
The word ―jeopardize‖ means _____ in this text.
A. protect
B. endanger
C. continue
D. stop
It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.
In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the 'decline of class' and 'classless society' in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.
But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of
public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.
42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. variety
B. division
C. authority
D. qualification
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn‘t everything. As Tolstoy once said, ―One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one‘s work.‖
49. What does the underlined word ―sharp‖ probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Quick to react
B. Having a thin edge
C. Clear and definite
D. sudden and rapid
In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they
have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.
70. What does the underlined expression "take on" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Accept.
B. Employ.
C. Play with.
D. Fight against.
Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I‘ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.
Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.
Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.
52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?
A. Swallow more than you can digest.
B. Act slightly above your abilities.
C. Develop more mysterious powers.
D. Learn to make creative decisions.
Passage 11（2016全国卷I B 篇）
―In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn‘t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,‖ says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. ―We now realize how important fam ily is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you‘re raising children.‖
27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?
A. They were unsure of themselves.
B. They were eager to raise more children.
C. They wanted to live away from their parents.
D. They had little respect for their grandparents.
Passage 12（2011 全国卷·A篇）
Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it in the back porch （门廊）. Every so often my son‘s friends will ask what it is. So I started stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought
us friendship along with his milk.
59. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?
A. He missed the good old days.
B. He wanted to tell interesting stories.
C. He needed it for his milk bottles.
D. He planted flowers in it.
Passage 15
（全国卷II B篇）Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ―But I‘m just not creative.‖
27. What does the underlined word ―downside‖ in Paragrap h 4 probably mean?
A. Mistake.
B. Drawback.
C. Difficulty.
D. Burden.
Passage 16（2016全国卷II C篇）
Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
30. What does the underlined word ―it‖ in Paragraph 2 refer to ?
A. The book.
B. An adventure.
C. A public place.
D. The identification number.
Passage17（2011 湖南卷· B篇）
He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.
63.The underlined word ―it‖ in Paragraph 6 refers to the father‘s ____.
A. weak heart
B. taking a shore job
C. failure to return to sea
D. injury caused by a torpedo
Passage 18（2011 福建卷· E篇）
…… Second, the quality of your relationships depends on the amount of time you invest（投入）in them. We invest a lot in a small number of people and then distribution what‘s left among as many others as we can. The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline（减弱）until eventually it dies into ―someone I once
knew‖.
73. The underlined word ―engagement‖ in the second paragraph probably means ―‖.
A. appointment
B. connection
C. interview
D. agreement
Passage 19
(2016全国卷III C篇) There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you'll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it's a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
30. What does the underlined phrase ―a pipe dream‖ in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. A practical idea.
B. A vain hope. (白日梦)
C. A brilliant plan.
D. A selfish desire.
Passage 20 (2016全国卷III B篇)
―My friends said: ?Now we believe your stories,‘‖ Welty added. ―And I said: ?Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.‘‖
The underlined word ―them‖ in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's _______.
A. readers
B. parties
C. friends
D. stories
话题七:生态环保类 (一 The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺 seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant water shortages. Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配 are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(山谷 are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements. This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉 . In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed. Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry. 1. From the first two paragraphs we learn that________.
高考英语阅读理解中的提问方式及解题方法 一、猜题思路分析 纵观近几年的高考英语阅读题，阅读选材广泛，各种文体各占一定的比例，在内容上贴近生活，语言能够体现当代英语的特点，语篇逻辑经得起推敲，与学生的阅读水平相吻合。阅读理解设计题目的结构难度基本稳定，方式大致相同。但词汇总量加大，阅读速度提高，且非考纲词汇有所增加，长难句有所增加。时文报道类、科普知识类、应用广告类、史地文化、短篇故事、说理小品、幽默小品是高考热门文章。 二、2008年高考英语考纲对阅读理解题的要求 2008年英语考试大纲对阅读理解题要求为：考生能读懂公告、说明、广告及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。1．理解主旨和要义；2．理解文中具体信息；3．根据上下文推断生词的词义；4．做出简单判断和推理；5．理解文章的基本结构；6．理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 三、2008年高考英语阅读理解命题原则 2008年高考英语阅读理解题的阅读材料的选取遵循以下原则： 1．共5篇文章，阅读量不少于2000个单词。文章的长度可能比以前略有增加，词汇量也可能稍有增大。2．题材多样化，贴近生活，涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、教育、新闻报道、人物故事、科技信息、海外风情等多方面题材。3．体裁分布均匀，所选语篇包括记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。 四、2008年高考阅读理解题命题特点 1．强调语篇选材的真实性，贴近时代、贴近生活、贴近学生。阅读材料多选于英美国家近期报刊杂志上原汁原味的文章，反映外国生活，语言规范、地道、真实，且难度合理，符合中学生学习英语的目的和实践。2．较大的阅读量和信息量。篇目稳定在5篇，词汇量稳定在2000-2700之间，所选语篇负有高含量的信息。从语言的表层看，各段文字并不是很难理解，但要理解文章的深层含义有所难度。3．题型多样。所设题型有：主旨题、细节题、推理题、词义猜测题，但大多数为细节理解题。4．加大了阅读材料的文字难度。文章的生词率不超过3%，但根据构词法知识能判断出词性和词义的单词不算生词。另外，阅读材料保持了原文的风格，语言地道，文化含量高，增加了学生理解的难度。5．语篇结构较为复杂。源于真实语料的作品运用了较高级的组篇手段。 五、阅读理解题解题方法 一）．主旨大意题。1．题干提问方式： 1）The main idea of the passage is . 2) Which of the following is the best title? 3) The main purpose of the story is to tell us . 4) Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage? 5) What is the writer trying to tell us? 6) The purpose of the passage is . 7) The main (general) idea of the passage is . 8) The passage is mainly about . 9) From the passage we know that . 2.方法：找主题句： 做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。主题句位置一般位于段
高考英语阅读理解——出题与解题方法（杨老师） 应用文（抓题干）广告、通知记叙文（划时、人、事）说明文（找主题句）特点：分值重，知识广，篇幅大，用时多。题型上主要有细节题、推理题、主旨题、猜词题等。 开卷准备：九字真诀不要怕，划一划（划主题，难句，划核心词），X一X（答题时） 一、细节理解题（标记定位法） 一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题(细1)，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题(细2)，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案切不可望文生义。特别注意句子的逻辑关系。如：表因果的because, since, as等；表转折的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。 二、推理判断题（用细节推） 考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断，包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。常用提问方式有：We can infer/learn from the（last） paragraph that. It can be concluded from the passage that. The passage implies/suggests that. What can be concluded from the passage? The author's purpose of writing the passage is.这需要学生读懂原文，完全理解文中的细节信息，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。 三、语义猜测题（构词法、语境法） 要注意从以下三个方面着手： 1）标点符号或同位语部分，and或or猜 2）根据对比、因果关系猜 but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表转折，because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词， 3）根据构词法知识猜测词义：UN- IN- IM-- dis mis 派生，合成，转化，缩略，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出组成的新词词义。 Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. 四、主旨大意题（重点）哪怕没读懂全文，懂了中心句，一样能做对题 （寻找主题句）文章主题与段落主题 一般来说，文章主题都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾，而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词，如in short, In a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude等。 其常用提问方式主要有：What is the main idea/topic of the passage? The central point of the selection is that. The author is mainly concerned with. The passages mainly about等。
（英语）高三英语阅读理解解析版汇编 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 In America, parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential (潜能) to the fullest extent. Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals. American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do, not what they can't. As a result, millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes, diplomats and doctors. Many of them even want to become president. American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music. They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults. As we all know, school work is important. But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn from natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work. What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively. As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do, nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities. Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams. They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day. It is a great waste of time to do so. Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children. I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it. （1）From the passage, we know the American parents pay much more attention to . A. the social skills than Chinese parents B. their children's studying hard and well C. what their children want but they can't D. extra activities than schoolwork （2）According to the passage, Chinese parents . A. know more than American parents to educate their children B. owning ambition and confidence is necessary and important C. pay much more attention to their children's fine future D. don't encourage their children to participate in extra activities （3）From the passage, we can infer . A. American children are brave and adventurous B. American children are more active in their studies C. Chinese children have the ability to communicate effectively D. something should be done to develop the potential of the children in China （4）What's the writer's attitude towards Chinese education reform? A. Neutral. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Negative. 【答案】（1）A
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 A To American visitors, Iceland is a very interesting country, partly because it is different in so many ways from what he or she is used to seeing at home. There are quite a few things that are not done, or that do not exist on the island —quite a few "No's". There is no pollution, for instance. No dogs are permitted in Reykjavik, the capital. There is no television on Thursdays or during the entire month of July, and only three hours of black-and-white TV the rest of the time. There is no hard liquor on Wednesdays and no beer at any time. There are no handguns; only one jail of thirty-five cells in the entire land —an admirable figure, even for a small country of 313,376 people. There is no army, air force or navy. There is no tipping for anything. There are no large stores open on Saturdays or Sundays. Since Iceland is situated just under the Arctic Circle, there is no darkness in summer and no daylight in winter. But thanks to Gulf Stream, the climate is rather mild, with temperatures ranging from 34 degrees Fahrenheit to 52 degrees in July. The rules on television, liquor, and guns are the result of governmental decision. But the absence of pollution is due in great part to the fact that Iceland gets its power from the enormous geyser(间歇泉and the thousands of hot springs that come out of the ground. They provide all the energy needed by the country. In fact, Iceland uses only 3 percent of all its available power. Iceland has been described as a democratic independent country where more fish are caught and more books published per person than anywhere else in the world. The Icelanders have always felt a particular love for literature. They composed their first works in the ninth and tenth centuries AD. These works were poems and tales about the kings, heroes, and heroines of Iceland and Norway. At first the stories were memorized
I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him – the majority. I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. ―I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story.‖ He laughed, ―You’ll give me a quarter for my story?‖ I lay the quarter in front of him and corrected myself –―Nah, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.‖ I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a glimmer of reflection. I sat down next to him and waited. ―I was in the army,‖ he said. ―I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the enemy from the distance.‖ I listened carefully to his grizzly voice as he went deeper into the story. He wore dirty old torn clothes and smelled like a dead rat left in a mouse trap. He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose—to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq. It wasn’t long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. He became disillusioned with the killings, which he felt were of innocent people. ―I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone,‖ he said. ―One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up ... I couldn’t do it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any sense to me.‖ The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. He told me how he was black listed so that he couldn’t get a job. All the rights we take for granted were taken away from him. Why? Here was a man who was being punished—and for what? For refusing to kill the lady? For being a hero? ―I have no regrets,‖ the homeless man said. ―I may be homeless now, but I never killed that lady. I never killed anyone in the army. It didn’t feel right. I didn’t go there to do that. I went there to save people.‖ He continued, ―I can live with being homeless—that’s okay. But I wouldn’t be able to live with killing innocent people.‖ On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never occurred to me that a hero could be a smelly old man left on streets. 1. It can be learned from the passage that the homeless man_______. （） A. never killed animals B. had a strong respect for life C. deserved the punishment he received D. felt guilty about disobeying the order
高三英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨 高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求： 阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说 明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具 体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主 旨大意题。本节主要解决推理判断题解题策略。 推理判断题解题指导： ■考点突破 一、命题方式： 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的 暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。主要考查 考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中 某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进 行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。 推理判断题的命题区间往往出现在以下几个方面： ◆文章或者段落的首尾部分。这一部分往往会引出文章的主题，总结全文或者全段 内容，通常也会设计推理判断题； ◆引言部分。议论文或者说明文中作者经常引用他人语言来支撑自己的观点，引用 的内容可能从正面或者反面来支持作者的观点，引文的字里行间隐含的渗透的内容往往 也是命题人设题的依据； ◆结论建议处。命题人往往在文章中出现the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等类似结论、建议性表达方式时，此处通常是文章中提到的研究结果或者报 告的结论，命题人往往在此设置推理判断题 ◆表达观点态度处。在作者表达观点态度的地方往往设置推理判断题。文中出现 doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against等表达观点态度的部分，以及一些带有感情色彩的特 殊句式，例如感叹句、反问句等。 1.细节推断 细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人 物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生 要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume （假定，设想）等词。主要设题方式有： It can be inferred from the passage that________. The author strongly suggests that________ It can be concluded from the passage that________. The writer implies but not directly states that________
最新2017高考英语阅读(完整版)
高考英语阅读 文体类型及阅读理解答题技巧 一、英语阅读文体类型简析 高考英语阅读常见的文体类型有：记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。 1、记叙文 英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是，其主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来；文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 2、议论文 英语议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有： 1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总； 2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系； 3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系； 4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。 3、说明文 英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法： 1，定义与诠释说明； 2，举例与引用说明； 3，分类与图表说明； 4，比较与比喻说明； 5，分析与综合说明； 就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。 4、应用文
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧大全 一、四选一型阅读 高考阅读不同文体按照题型分类主要分为五大类：细节题、推理题、主旨大意题、词义句意猜测题、结构顺序题。 1、细节题解题技巧 细节题，顾名思义，就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题。细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后实行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节（通常是四个）放在一起要求考生判断是非（选出准确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节实行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是使用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项实行比较从而确定答案（此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换）。 现在围绕上述的定位理论，引申出几个小的技巧： （1）关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就能够在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。 As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2020，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. （2020年高考英语北京A篇） What happened to the author in 2020？ A. She flew an airplane
高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 I was born on the 17th of November 1828, in the village of Nam Ping, which is about four miles southwest of the Portuguese Colony (殖民地) of Macao, and is located on Pedro Island lying west of Macao, from which it is separated by a channel of half a mile wide. As early as 1834, an English lady, Mrs. Gutzlaff, wife of a missionary to China, came to Macao. Supported by the Ladies' Association in London for the promotion of female education in India and the East, she immediately took up the work of starting a girls' school for Chinese girls, which was soon followed by the opening of a boys' school. Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school and it was doubtlessly through his influence and means that my father got me admitted into the school. It has always been a mystery to me why my parents should put me into a foreign school, instead of a traditional Confucian school, where my big brother was placed. Most certainly such a step would have been more suitable for Chinese public opinion, taste, and the wants of the country, than to allow me to attend an English school. Moreover, a Chinese belief is the only avenue in China that leads to political promotion, influence, power and wealth. I can only guess that as foreign communication with China was just beginning to grow, my parents hoped that it might be worthwhile to put one of their sons to learning English. In this way he might become an interpreter and have a more advantageous position to enter the business and diplomatic world. I am wondering if that influenced my parents to put me into Mrs. Gutzlaff's School. As to what other sequences it has eventually brought about in my later life, they were entirely left in the hands of God. （1）How was the author admitted to Mrs. Gutzlaff's school? A. Through his father's friend's help. B. Through his own efforts to exams. C. Through his father's request. D. Through Mrs. Gutzlaff's influence. （2）Why did the author's parents put him into an English school？ A. An English school was more influential. B. Foreign trade with China was developing fast. C. It met with Chinese public opinion. D. He could become a successful interpreter. （3）What did the author think of his parents' decision to put him into an English school? A. It was skeptical. B. It was mysterious. C. It was thoughtful. D. It was wonderful.【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，小时候父亲送作者去英语学校而不是中文学校，并分析了具体原因。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school”可知，作者是通过父亲朋友的帮助进入到Mrs.