Towards Computer-Based Tutoring of Help-Seeking Skills Aleven

八年级人工智能英语阅读理解20题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) is making significant impacts in the field of healthcare. One of the major applications of AI in healthcare is disease diagnosis. AI algorithms can analyze large amounts of medical data and detect patterns that may be difficult for human doctors to identify. For example, AI can be used to analyze blood test results, medical images, and patient symptoms to diagnose diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease.Another area where AI is being used in healthcare is medical imaging analysis. AI can analyze medical images such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs to detect abnormalities and assist radiologists in making diagnoses. AI can also help in the early detection of diseases by identifying subtle changes in medical images that may not be visible to the human eye.AI is also being used to develop personalized treatment plans for patients. By analyzing a patient's medical history, genetic information, and other data, AI can recommend personalized treatment options that are tailored to the patient's specific needs.In addition to disease diagnosis and treatment planning, AI is also being used in healthcare for tasks such as patient monitoring and drugdiscovery. AI-powered devices can monitor patients' vital signs and detect early signs of deterioration, allowing for timely intervention. In drug discovery, AI can analyze large amounts of data to identify potential drug candidates and predict their efficacy and safety.Overall, AI has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by improving disease diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient outcomes. However, there are also concerns about the ethical and legal implications of using AI in healthcare, such as issues related to data privacy and the responsibility of AI in making medical decisions.1. What is one of the major applications of AI in healthcare?A. EducationB. Disease diagnosisC. EntertainmentD. Transportation答案：B。

1引言有效学习产生于学习环境和学习者对于学习的态度和方法的共同作用（Wood,2003）.相关研究显示使用学习方法会更好地影响学习者学习效果（Gijbels et.al.,2005）.因此，鼓励学生在学习中采用学习方法就显得很重要，从而教学的目标之一可以让学生在某一学科学习上采用一定的学习方法使其专业知识的掌握得到提高，同时个人学习能力得到发展.问题导向学习（problem-based learning ）就是一种可提供培养学习者自我学习方法的学习环境（David &Harden,1999;Spencer &Jordan,1999;Wood,2003）.在我国大学英语教学实践和研究中，计算机辅助教学相关研究很多，但是使用此教学方法和计算机辅助教学结合对学生学习方法的使用和提升进行研究和讨论的很少.2文献回顾2.1关于问题导向学习（简称PBL ）PBL 强调课程学习的同时更加注重过程的学习（process learning ），课程学习要求学生在学习中通过不断学习知识，解决问题，通过自我学习，合作学习来确定问题（Problems ）的解决方式，过程学习则是依靠原有知识和新知识来辅助问题的解决.以学生为中心的教学是PBL 的重点，它弱化了传统教学的以教师教授为中心，在这一教学中，教师是学习的促进者和辅导者（Facilitator ）为学习者组织学习和提供学习氛围.尤其通过计算机网络学生自我资料收集对于所遇到问题的解决是主要学习方式.在PBL 的学习过程中，学生收集相关问题的信息并且教师也能通过网络资源来正确引导学生迎接挑战，学着去学习，并通过小组合作寻求到对于问题的解决方法（Barrows,1986）.本文旨在探寻运用PBL 和学生学习方法的相互关系.2.2关于学生学习方法（Approaches to Learning ）自从1976年Marton 和Saljo 首次提出学生学习方法以来，这一研究问题被众多学者进行了研究并一致认为其有促进学生学习效果和学习质量的作用（Duff et.al.,2002）.学生学习方法是对于学生和学习内容，学习目标任务之间相关性的总和，对学生学习方法的表层理解是：学生对于内化学习任务和内容进而产出知识的需求，而其深层的意义是：学生对于学习任务和内容的知识理解（Biggs et.al.,2001）.表层学习方法植根于学生对于学习任务和内容进行记忆的机械学习，没有个人的理解也没有学习体验的反馈；而深层学习方法能使学生在学习过程中可以提供学生获取更多知识，自己掌控时间以达到更好的学习效果.但是在学习方法使用中有很多的变量因素，外部的和学生自身的影响，如：学习环境，学生性格，学习的目标，内容等，在这些变量当中，最为重要的就是学习环境的影响（Goh,2005）.因此，假如能提供合适的学习环境和策略，帮助学生把其表层学习方法提升至深层学习方法是计算机辅助问题导向学习对学生英语学习方法影响的实践调查余兰（贵阳医学院外国语教育系，贵州贵阳550004）摘要：本文旨在调查计算机辅助问题导向式学习法对于学生英语学习中使用学习方法的影响，研究过程历时三周，研究对象为贵阳医学院临床专业2010级一个自然班的58名学生，采用问题导向学习法（Problem-based Learning）进行教学并使用计算机进行教学辅助，探寻在这一学习方法导向的环境下学生学习方法的发展变化.分别采用前后两次问卷调查的方式进行数据收集，用样本T 值检验的统计方法进行数据分析.根据结果，计算机辅助下的问题导向式学习法对于学生的深层学习方法的发展有明显促进作用.关键词：问题导向学习；学习方法；计算机辅助；表层；深入中图分类号：G642文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-260X （2012）02-0242-03Vol.28No.2Feb.2012第28卷第2期（下）2012年2月赤峰学院学报（自然科学版）Journal of Chifeng University （Natural Science Edition ）242--有可能实现的.2.3计算机辅助问题导向学习（Computer Sup-ported PBL）根据Gooding(2002)的研究，把PBL结合在计算机辅助教学中，可以为学习者提供一个更强参与性，合作学习，并以学习者为中心的学习环境，学习者可以全程参与学习的过程以达到更好的学习效果.计算机辅助可以帮助在PBL教学中组织课程，提供更多更及时的在线资源，PBL本身就是一个可以使用计算机辅助教学的载体，交互性更大的在线信息可以使PBL中资料查找的可能性更大更广.一些研究（An,2006;Donnelly,2006）都显示了计算机辅助PBL教学会带来积极的教学效果.PBL和计算机辅助教学顺应了韦果茨基(1978)的社会文化理论，强调了在学习过程中教师，同伴（小组合作，小组讨论），辅助材料的交互对于学习效果的重要性.所以，在此研究中，用计算机辅助进行PBL教学是可行的.3研究问题通过文献的回顾，学习环境是影响学生学习方法使用的最重要的变量.在PBL教学中学生被要求对自己的学习负责，从这个方面来看，PBL的教学环境能对学生的学习方法产生影响.但是以往研究没有分析讨论学生学习方法和PBL的影响的关系，同时也没有关于计算机辅助PBL教学对于学生学习方法使用和发展的研究.所以，本研究提出以下研究问题：（1）计算机辅助PBL教学是否能对学生采用表层学习方法产生影响？（2）计算机辅助PBL教学是否能对学生采用深层学习方法产生影响？（3）计算机辅助PBL教学是否能对学生采用高效学习方法产生影响？4研究方法4.1受试本研究受试的58名临床专业二年级学生来自一个大学英语自然班，其中女学生31名，男学生27名，年龄在18到24岁之间，进入大学之前有相同的英语学习背景，都学习英语6至8年；进入大学之后都必修大学英语课程.4.2研究工具本研究研究工具是学生学习方法的问卷调查，调查问卷分作前后两次（pre-and post）进行，结果用于确定本研究中的独立变量（计算机辅助PBL 的教学环境）对自变量（表层，深层，高效学习方法）的影响.用表层，深层和高效三个层面来衡量每个受试学生的学习方法使用情况.两次问卷均包括39个问题，学生对于问卷的回答采用5级李斯特量表来体现：分别是1级“完全不正确”，2级“不正确”，3级“不确定”，4级“正确”到5级“完全正确”.最后综合所有问题回答的平均值并采用“表层，深层，高效”的子量表（对应提出的三个研究问题）来确定结果.4.3研究过程本研究开展于2011-2012学年第一学期的第7周到第9周，使用PBL来进行大学英语教学.首先对学生进行学习方法问卷调查，然后介绍在PBL 教学并让学生了解在PBL教学过程中的学习任务和责任，并确保每名学生能够使用计算机网络，并且了解相关知识的网站.学生被随机分组，其中九组6人，一组4人.通过得到的关于课文的内容结合背景知识进行思考和假设，进行小组讨论，得出小组成员对于本单元最关心的问题，然后，小组每一成员分配任务通过计算机网络查找对于问题的资料（课上或课下）.小组讨论和查找资料是学生学习方法体现的重要过程，最后小组成员对所有资料综合并达成一致，从而对小组提出的问题加以解决.小组成员之间的互动，小组之间的互动，在线资料查找过程的互动，贯穿整个计算机辅助PBL教学过程的始终.最后一周，每个小组进行计算机辅助（如：使用幻灯片，超链接资料）的结果汇报（Pre-sentation）.整个教学过程中教师掌握具体步骤，并辅助学生实施小组讨论，也对学生的资料查找提出意见和建议.5结果分析成对样本T值检测（Paired-sample T-test）是本研究对于前后两次学习方法问卷调查结果采用的统计学方法，在对结果显著性进行分析中，可能性概率设定为P≤0.05.关于表层学习方法使用和发展的情况，见表1.从表1可见，在学生前后两次的调查问卷中t=3.58，p＜0.01,在计算机辅助PBL教学实施前子量表平均值为45.87，在教学实施后子量表值下降为39.38，这一数据变化说明计算机辅助PBL教学对于学生表层学习方法的使用和发展有一定的作项目人数平均值标准差t值Sig.(2-tailed)(P值)前次问卷5845.8715.52后次问卷5839.388.60表1243--用.关于深层学习方法使用和发展的情况，见表2.从表2可见，在学生前后两次的调查问卷中t=-5.74，p＜0.00,在计算机辅助PBL教学实施前子量表平均值为39.92，在教学实施后子量表值上升为46.23，这一数据变化说明计算机辅助PBL教学对于学生深层学习方法的使用和发展有显著的作用.关于高效学习方法使用和发展的情况，见表3.从表3可见，在学生前后两次的调查问卷中t=-2.00，p＞0.05,在计算机辅助PBL教学实施前子量表平均值为33.64，在教学实施后子量表值上升为35.58，这一数据变化说明计算机辅助PBL教学对于学生高效学习方法的使用和发展并没有很显著的作用.本研究结果表明计算机辅助PBL教学的实施分别对于学生表层，深层，高效学习方法的采用和发展具有一定的，显著的和没有太大的作用.这一结果也验证了以往文献的发现（Wood,2003;Wa-ters&Johnston,2004;Tiwari et al.,2006).6讨论和结语PBL教学法激发了学生的学习动机因为学生可以自我控制学习的过程，他们更喜欢这样较为不同传统教师为中心的教学，这种学习动机的提升也正是在PBL学习过程中深层学习方法发展的重要因素.同时在PBL教学环境中，如果学生不采用较高层次的学习方法（如：分析，合作，解释，调整等）就不能完成所面对的问题，所以PBL教学过程本身也是一种激发学生采用深层学习方法的因素.计算机辅助PBL教学中有很多特征可以帮助学生更好地发展学习方法，如：学生自控学习，问题的内容，小组合作，最后的评估报告等，但是还需就其中哪一种更能决定学生的深层学习方法发展做进一步的研究.各种变量之间的关系，变量和计算机辅助PBL教学过程之间的具体关系也都还需要做进一步的探讨.本研究仅仅就小样本进行了调查，并只着重对于计算机辅助PBL教学过程的关系探索，下一步还需更大样本的支持，并要对学习者采用的学习方式和其产出的学习效果之间，如：做口头报告的表现，学习动机，解决问题的能力来进一步调查，同时，也可以对教师在这一教学过程中的映像反思做分析研究.最后，希望能通过本研究带来对大学英语教学中运用多种教学方法和教学辅助的相关问题进行更深入的研究和更广泛的讨论.———————————————————参考文献：〔1〕Davis,M.H.,Harden,R.M.(1999)Problem-based learning:a practical guide,AMEE Medi-cal Education Guide:No.15.p.130–140.〔2〕Gijbels,D.,F.Dochy,et al.(2005).Effects of problem-based learning:A meta-analysis from the angle of assessment.Review of educational research.75(1):27.〔3〕Spencer,J. A.,Jordan,R.K.(1999).Learner centered approaches in medical education.Bmj.318(7193):1280.〔4〕Waters,L.,Johnston, C.(2004).Web-deliv-ered,problem-based learning in organizational behavior:a new form of CAOS.Higher Edu-cation Research&Development.23(4):413-431.〔5〕Wood, D. F.(2003).Problem based learning.Bmj.326(7384):328.项目人数平均值标准差t值Sig.(2-tailed)(P值)前次问卷5839.927.55后次问卷5846.238.29表2项目人数平均值标准差t值Sig.(2-tailed)(P值)前次问卷5833.648.42后次问卷5835.587.78表3244--。

ContentsAbstract (i)摘要 (iii)List of Tables (iv)List of Abbreviations (v)Chapter One Introduction (1)1.1Background of the Study (1)1.2Purpose of the Study (2)1.3Significance of the Study (2)Chapter Two Literature Review (4)2.1The Overview of the Length Approach (4)2.1.1The Overview of the Length Approach Aboard (4)2.1.2The Overview of the Length Approach at Home (5)2.2The Overview of the Writing Teaching (7)2.2.1The Overview of the Writing Teaching Abroad (7)2.2.2The Overview of the Writing Teaching at Home (9)Chapter Three Theoretical Foundations (12)3.1Output Hypothesis (12)3.2Constructivism (16)3.3Krashen's Affective Filter Hypothesis (19)Chapter Four Research Methodology (24)4.1Research Questions (24)4.2Subjects (24)4.3Instruments (24)4.3.1Questionnaires (24)4.3.2Tests (25)4.3.3Scoring criteria (25)4.4Procedures of the Experiment (26)Step One:Preparing (26)Step Two:Training (27)Step Three:Evaluating (31)4.5Data Collection and Analysis (31)Chapter Five Results and Discussion (33)5.1Results and Discussions of the Writing Tests (33)5.1.1Results and Discussions of the Pre-test (33)5.1.2Results and Discussions of the Post-test (34)5.2Results and Discussions of the Questionnaires (37)Chapter Six Conclusion (42)6.1Major Findings and Implications (42)6.2Limitations (42)6.3Suggestions for Future study (43)References (vi)Appendix I Questionnaire about Learner Attitudes towards the Length Approach (ix)Appendix II Pre-test (xi)Appendix III Scoring criteria (xii)Appendix IV Post-test (xiii)Appendix V A student's writing compositions (xiv) (xv) (xxii)Acknowledgements (xxiii)AbstractEnglish writing,as one of productive skills and communication ways of students'language,is anessential aspect in English learning and teaching.However,writing teaching has always been considered asin foreign language teaching.For many years,researchers have devoted themselves to find out “bottleneck”effective ways to solve this problem and many approaches have been put forward,such as productapproach,process approach and genre approach etc.To some extent,these approaches have improvedE nglish writing students’w riting proficiency.However,the current situation of college students’performance in China is still far from satisfactory.A majority of students lack enthusiasm and are not interested in writing.Given problems existing in English writing,it is urgent to find out new effective ways so as to comprehensively improve students'writing ability.Recently,a new approach-LA,based on some important L2theories as well as the insightful analyses of the situation of writing teaching in China,was initiated by Professor Wang Chuming.The basic assumption of this new approach is that the teachercurrent level of foreign language. constantly adjusts the writing requirements on the basis of students’Through gradually increasing the number of words in composition,students are encouraged to writeincreasingly long compositions so as to strengthen their sense of achievement,enhance their confidence intheir ability to learn foreign language,stimulate further learning and eventually ensure progress in foreignlanguage learning.This new approach has attracted great attention both at home and abroad.The currentstudy,on the basis of the previous researches,aims to investigate the feasibility and validity of applying LAto high school English writing teaching,hoping to change the current situation in writing field and improvestudents'writing confidence and proficiency of their English.80students coming from two parallel classesof high school in Minghu school in Taian participated in this research.By employing instrumentscontaining two English writing tests,two questionnaires and SPSS(Statistical Program for Social Science17.0),this thesis adopted quantitative and qualitative analysis methods in order to answer the followingresearchquestions：1.Can the application of the length approach help senior high school students develop theirself-confidence in their English writing?2.Can the application the length approach in English writing help senior high school students improvetheir writing proficiency in their English writing?After fourteen weeks'experiment,the author comes to the conclusion as follows:i。

《计算机导论》(第2版)习题答案参考计算机导论(第2版)习题答案参考Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers1. Define a computer and discuss its attributes.A computer is an electronic device capable of performing various operations and processes based on a set of instructions. Its attributes include the ability to input, process, store, and output information, as well as the capability to execute complex calculations and perform tasks.2. Differentiate between hardware and software.Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and peripherals. Software, on the other hand, represents the non-tangible parts of a computer system, such as programs and data that can be stored and executed by the hardware.3. Explain the concept of data representation and discuss different numbering systems used in computer systems.Data representation refers to the way data is stored and processed by a computer. Different numbering systems include the binary system (base-2), decimal system (base-10), octal system (base-8), and hexadecimal system (base-16). Each system has its own set of symbols and rules for representing numbers and characters.Chapter 2: Computer Hardware1. Discuss the major components of a computer system.A computer system consists of several major components, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and peripherals. The CPU is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations, while memory stores data and instructions temporarily. Storage devices are used for long-term data storage, andinput/output devices allow users to interact with the computer system.2. Describe the functions and characteristics of the CPU.The CPU is the central processing unit of a computer system and is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. It consists of two main components: the control unit, which manages the execution of instructions, and the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs calculations and logical operations. The CPU's performance is determined by factors such as clock speed, cache size, and number of cores.3. Explain the different types of memory in a computer system.A computer system typically has two main types of memory: primary memory (RAM) and secondary memory (storage devices). RAM, or random access memory, is used for temporary data storage and is volatile, meaning its contents are lost when the power is turned off. Secondary memory, such as hard disk drives and solid-state drives, provides long-term storage for data even when the power is off.Chapter 3: Operating Systems1. Define an operating system and discuss its functions.An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources. Its functions include providing a user interface, managing memory and storage, coordinating the execution of applications, handling input/output operations, and ensuring system security and stability.2. Explain the difference between a single-user and multi-user operating system.A single-user operating system is designed to be used by one user at a time. It provides a user interface and manages the resources on the computer for the sole user. A multi-user operating system, on the other hand, allows multiple users to access the system simultaneously, sharing resources and executing their own programs concurrently.3. Discuss the concept of virtualization and its advantages.Virtualization is the process of creating a virtual version of a computer system or resources. It allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine, enabling better resource utilization, cost savings, and improved flexibility. Virtualization also provides isolation between different virtual machines, enhancing security and system stability.In conclusion, this article provides a brief overview of the topics covered in the second edition of "Introduction to Computers." It includes explanations and answers to selected exercises, helping readers understand the fundamental concepts of computer science and technology. By studying these topics, readers can gain a strong foundation in computer knowledge and skills.。

教师与计算机教学相辅相成的关系英语作文Teachers and Computers: Complementary Partners in EducationIntroductionIn today's digital age, the role of teachers in the classroom has evolved significantly with the integration of technology. Computers have become powerful tools that can enhance teaching and learning, providing access to diverse resources and facilitating interactive and engaging lessons. While some may fear that technology will replace teachers, the truth is that teachers and computers can work together harmoniously to create a more effective and immersive educational experience.The Role of TeachersTeachers play a critical role in guiding students through their learning journey. They possess the unique ability to inspire, motivate, and support students in their academic pursuits. Teachers provide personalized instruction, feedback, and guidance that cater to the individual needs and learning styles of students. They have the skill to create a supportive and nurturing learning environment that fosters growth and development.Additionally, teachers serve as role models, imparting knowledge and values that extend beyond the classroom. They teach important life skills such as critical thinking,problem-solving, communication, and collaboration. Teachers also instill a sense of curiosity, creativity, and resilience in their students, preparing them to face the challenges of the future.The Role of ComputersComputers have revolutionized education by providing a vast array of resources and tools that can enhance teaching and learning. With the internet, students have access to a wealth of information and educational content at their fingertips. Computers can facilitate interactive and engaging lessons through multimedia presentations, simulations, and virtual reality experiences. They can also support personalized learning through adaptive learning platforms that cater to individual student needs.Computers enable students to collaborate with peers, engage in online discussions, and participate in project-based learning activities. They can also provide immediate feedback on assessments and track students' progress over time. With educational software and applications, students can practice andreinforce their skills in various subjects, such as math, language arts, and science.The Complementary RelationshipTeachers and computers complement each other in the educational setting, each bringing unique strengths and capabilities to the table. Teachers possess the human touch, empathy, and intuition that computers lack. They are skilled at building relationships, providing emotional support, and fostering a sense of community in the classroom. Teachers can tailor instruction to meet the individual needs of students, adapting their teaching style and strategies to facilitate learning.On the other hand, computers offer efficiency, access to vast resources, and interactive learning experiences that can enhance teaching and engage students. They can provide students with immediate feedback, track progress, and personalize learning experiences based on student performance. Computers can also free up teachers' time by automating routine tasks, such as grading assessments and organizing educational materials.Together, teachers and computers can create a dynamic and effective learning environment that combines the best of both worlds. Teachers can leverage technology to enhance their teaching practices, create interactive and engaging lessons, andsupport personalized learning. Computers can provide valuable resources, tools, and opportunities for students to explore, collaborate, and learn in new and innovative ways.ConclusionIn conclusion, the relationship between teachers and computers is not one of competition but of collaboration. By working together, teachers and computers can create a more effective and immersive educational experience for students. Teachers bring their expertise, empathy, and personalized approach to teaching, while computers offer efficiency, access to resources, and interactive learning experiences. Together, they can empower students to learn, grow, and succeed in a rapidly changing world.。

公共英语三级考试真题及答案2023全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Public English Level Three Examination2023Listening ComprehensionPart I Listening Comprehension (20%)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear the following dialogues. At the end of each dialogue, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the dialogue and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Blue.B. Red.C. Yellow.D. Green.2. A. At 7:00.B. At 8:00.C. At 9:00.D. At 10:00.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear three short passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.3. A. She is hungry.B. She is tired.C. She is thirsty.D. She is cold.4. A. It’s too expensive.B. It’s too far.C. It’s too crowded.D. It’s too noisy.5. A. At a hotel.B. At a department store.C. At a restaurant.D. At a bookstore.Part II Reading Comprehension (40%)Section ADirections: There are three passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestion 6 to 106. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The history of computers.B. The functions of computers.C. The benefits of computers in education.D. The disadvantages of using computers.7. According to the passage, how do computers help in teaching and learning?A. By providing additional information.B. By making the learning process more fun.C. By promoting interaction between students.D. All of the above.8. What is the author's opinion on computers in education?A. They are harmful.B. They should be banned.C. They play a vital role.D. They are unnecessary.9. What can be inferred about the use of computers in education?A. It is not effective.B. It is only for the elite.C. It is limited to urban areas.D. It benefits both teachers and students.10. What aspect of teaching and learning is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Entertainment.B. Engagement.C. Efficiency.D. Effectiveness.Section BDirections: There are three passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage TwoQuestion 11 to 1511. What is the passage mainly about?A. The benefits of volunteering.B. The importance of giving back to society.C. The reasons for becoming a volunteer.D. The impact of volunteering on communities.12. According to the passage, what motivates people to volunteer?A. Financial gain.B. Recognition.C. Altruism.D. Peer pressure.13. What can be inferred about the benefits of volunteering?A. They are only for the volunteers.B. They are immediate.C. They are only for the recipients.D. They are long-lasting.14. What is the author's attitude towards volunteering?A. Supportive.B. Neutral.C. Critical.D. Indifferent.15. What aspect of volunteering is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Personal growth.B. Social connection.C. Economic gain.D. Community development.Part III Cloze Test (20%)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices. Mark the letter of the choice that best fits in the blank on your Answer Sheet.PassageBorn on October 16, 1854, Oscar Wilde was an Irish writer and poet. He was __16__ known for his witty and humorous plays, such as "The Importance of Being Earnest" and "Lady Windermere's Fan." Wilde was also a successful __17__ and his only novel, "The Picture of Dorian Gray," is considered a classic of the __18__ genre. Unfortunately, Wilde's career was cut short when he was __19__ of homosexuality and sentenced to two years' hard labor. Despite his __20__ and tragic ending, Wilde'sworks continue to be celebrated for their wit, charm, and insight into human nature.16. A. widelyB. vastlyC. hugelyD. greatly17. A. poetB. playwrightC. novelistD. critic18. A. mysteryB. romanceC. comedyD. tragedy19. A. accusedB. foundC. arrestedD. charged20. A. scandalousB. controversialC. notoriousD. infamousPart IV Writing (20%)Directions: For this part, you are asked to write a composition based on the prompt below. You should write at least 120 words on your Answer Sheet.Prompt: Some people believe that money is the most important factor in achieving happiness, while others believe that happiness cannot be measured by material wealth. What is your opinion on this issue? Write an essay expressing your viewpoint and providing reasons to support it.End of ExaminationAnswers:1. B. Red.2. C. At 9:00.3. C. She is thirsty.4. C. It’s too crowded.5. B. At a department store.6. C. The benefits of computers in education.7. D. All of the above.8. C. They play a vital role.9. D. It benefits both teachers and students.10. A. Entertainment.11. B. The importance of giving back to society.12. C. Altruism.13. D. They are long-lasting.14. A. Supportive.15. C. Economic gain.16. D. greatly17. B. playwright18. C. comedy19. C. arrested20. A. scandalousHope you found this practice examination helpful for preparing for your Public English Level Three examination in 2023! Good luck!篇2Public English Level 3 Exam Questions and Answers 2023Part A: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow:The benefits of reading have been widely known for centuries. Reading not only enhances our knowledge and vocabulary but also improves our cognitive abilities. It is a great way to relax and escape from the hustle and bustle of everyday life.Question 1: What are some benefits of reading mentioned in the passage?Question 2: How can reading improve our cognitive abilities?Question 3: Why is reading considered a great way to relax?Part B: VocabularyChoose the correct answer to complete the sentences:1. He is very ***. He always helps others without expecting anything in return.A. selfishB. generousC. greedyD. stingy2. Her *** to the difficult situation impressed everyone.A. reactionB. responseC. behaviorD. attitude3. After a long day at work, I like to *** by watching TV.A. unwindB. relaxC. rejuvenateD. refreshPart C: WritingWrite an essay (200-250 words) on the following topic:"The importance of learning a second language."Answer:Learning a second language is extremely beneficial in today's globalized world. Firstly, it opens up new opportunities for career advancement as many companies look for employees who are proficient in more than one language. Secondly, learning a second language enhances cognitive abilities and improves memory. Lastly, it allows for better communication with people from different cultures, fostering understanding and empathy.In conclusion, learning a second language is not only a valuable skill but also a doorway to new experiences and relationships.I hope these practice questions and answers help you prepare for your Public English Level 3 exam. Good luck!篇3Public English Level Three Examination 2023Part 1: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-5Read the following passage and answer the questions below:In recent years, the issue of climate change has become increasingly urgent. With temperatures rising, natural disasters becoming more frequent, and the polar ice caps melting at an alarming rate, it is clear that action needs to be taken to address this global crisis. Many experts believe that reducing carbon emissions is the key to mitigating the effects of climate change.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The rising temperatures of the EarthB) The impact of climate changeC) Natural disastersD) Melting polar ice caps2. According to the passage, what is one key consequence of climate change?A) Decreasing levels of carbon emissionsB) Increasing frequency of natural disastersC) Cooling temperaturesD) Stable polar ice caps3. What do experts believe is the key to addressing climate change?A) Reducing carbon emissionsB) Increasing carbon emissionsC) Ignoring the issueD) Building more factories4. Why is it urgent to address climate change?A) To reduce natural disastersB) To lower temperaturesC) To prevent further damage to the polar ice capsD) To increase carbon emissions5. What is the author's tone in the passage?A) OptimisticB) IndifferentC) UrgentD) HumorousPart 2: Listening ComprehensionQuestions 6-10Listen to the following audio clip and answer the questions below:6. What is the main topic of the audio clip?A) Climate changeB) Renewable energyC) PollutionD) Conservation7. According to the speaker, what is one way individuals can help reduce their carbon footprint?A) Driving moreB) Using public transportationC) Avoiding recyclingD) Wasting water8. What is the speaker's opinion on the importance of renewable energy?A) It is not importantB) It is essential for addressing climate changeC) It is too expensiveD) It is unreliable9. Why does the speaker believe that climate change is urgent?A) Because of the rising temperaturesB) Because of the increasing frequency of natural disastersC) Because of the melting polar ice capsD) Because of the stable environment10. What is the speaker's tone in the audio clip?A) InformativeB) BoringC) ExcitedD) HumorousPart 3: WritingQuestion 11Write an essay of at least 200 words on the following topic:"Discuss the impact of climate change on the environment and the importance of taking action to address this global crisis."Remember to:- Write at least 200 words- Use examples and evidence to support your points- Use proper grammar and punctuationPart 4: SpeakingQuestion 12Prepare a short speech on the following topic:"How can individuals help reduce their carbon footprint and protect the environment?"Remember to:- Speak clearly and confidently- Use examples and evidence to support your points- Use appropriate vocabulary and grammarGood luck with your examination!。

中考科技创新教育英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly important role in the field of education. One of the most significant applications is intelligent tutoring systems. These systems can provide personalized learning experiences for students, adapting to their individual needs and learning styles.For example, an intelligent tutoring system can analyze a student's performance on quizzes and assignments and then provide targeted feedback and additional practice materials. It can also adapt the difficulty level of the content to ensure that the student is challenged but not overwhelmed.Another application of AI in education is personalized learning. By analyzing a student's learning history and preferences, AI can recommend learning resources and activities that are tailored to their interests and abilities. This can help students stay engaged and motivated in their learning.In addition, AI-powered chatbots can answer students' questions and provide support outside of class hours. This can be especially helpful for students who may be shy or hesitant to ask questions in class.Overall, AI has the potential to revolutionize education by providing more personalized and effective learning experiences for students.1. What is one of the significant applications of AI in education?A. Online courses.B. Intelligent tutoring systems.C. Traditional textbooks.D. Group study.答案：B。

A microprocessor contains many microscopic circuitry and millions of miniature components divided into kinds of operation unit, such as the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and the control unit.微处理器由很多微型电路和数以百万的微型器件组成，这些微型器件分为各种运算单元，如ALU 算术逻辑单元和控制单元。

The ALU is the part of the microprocessor that performs arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction. It also performs logical operations such as comparing two numbers to see if they are the same.ALU 单元是微处理器执行算术运算，如加法和减法的一部分。

它还执行逻辑运算比如比较两个数字，以查看它们是否相同。

The control unit fetches each instruction and the corresponding data to be operated. The control unit gives the ALU command to begin processing, which may be addition or comparison.控制单元获取每个指令以及相应的数据操作。

控制单元给ALU 命令开始处理，操作可能是加法或比较。

Data refers to the symbols that represent people, events, things and ideas. Data becomes information when it is represented in a format that people can understand and use.数据是指表示人、事件、事物和观念的符号。

用计算机专业服务社会作文英文回答：Computer science is a field that offers a wide range of specialized services to society. From developing software applications to managing networks, computer professionals play a crucial role in today's digital age. One of the key services provided by computer science professionals is software development. They use their programming skills to create applications that solve various problems and meet the needs of individuals and businesses.For example, a computer science professional may develop a mobile app that helps people track their daily exercise and calorie intake. This app can provide personalized recommendations and motivate users to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Another example is the development of e-commerce platforms that allow businesses to sell their products online. These platforms enable customers to browse and purchase items conveniently, expanding the reach ofbusinesses and improving customer satisfaction.In addition to software development, computer science professionals also offer services in network management. They ensure that computer networks are secure, reliable, and efficient. They set up and maintain network infrastructure, troubleshoot connectivity issues, and implement security measures to protect sensitive data. For instance, a computer science professional may work for a bank, ensuring that their online banking system is secure and accessible to customers at all times.Moreover, computer science professionals contribute to the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies. They develop algorithms and models that enable computers to learn from data and make intelligent decisions. These technologies have various applications, such as voice recognition, autonomous vehicles, and personalized recommendations. For example,AI-powered virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa can understand and respond to human commands, making our lives more convenient.In conclusion, computer science professionals offer valuable services to society through software development, network management, and AI/ML advancements. Their expertise and skills contribute to the development of innovative solutions that improve efficiency, convenience, andsecurity in various domains.中文回答：计算机专业为社会提供了广泛的专业服务。

新视野大学英语第三版第三册视听说原文Unit 1 Access to success Further practice in listeningShort conversations Scripts Conversation 1 W: Hello, Mr. Williams. This is John Barrett’s secretary. I’m calling to cancel his appointment with you at 10 today as he is not feeling well. M: Thanks for calling. It’s quite all right. We’ll arrange some other time to meet. Q: What is the man going to doConversation 2 M: I need to use more than just my math skills for these questions but I don’t have a calculator. Shall I go and buy one W:Actually, I’ve got two. And I’ll let you have one for the price of a coffee. Q: What do we learn about the woman from this conversationConversation 3 M: Professor Smith, I’d like to have your advice as to my career development in the future. W: It’s my pleasure. I think you are good at abstract thinking. I am sure you’ll make it if you pursue your graduate work in theoretical physics. Q: What does the woman advice the man to doConversation 4 W: I can’t believe Ken missed such an important lecture even though I reminded him the day before yesterday. M: You should know him better by now. He’s known for taking everything in one ear and straight out the other. Q: What does the man implyConversation 5 W: I hear you’re working as a market surveyor this summer. It’s got to be awfully difficult going to so many places in such hot summer days. M: Well, it is challenging, but I get to meet lots of new people and the pay is decent enough. Q: What does the man think of his jobLong conversation Scripts W: Thanks for meeting with me, Dr. Pearl. I need permission to drop your class, Literature and Writing. M: It’s only the second week of class, Stacey. Why are you giving up so quickly We’ve only written one essay so far, and you won’t get your grade back until next Wednesday! W: I know, sir. But as a third-year engineering student, I don’t want to risk lowering my grade point average by scoring poorly in a writing class! M: OK … What’s worrying you W: I spent two weeks reading Great Expectations, and then it took me 10 hours to write the three-page essay. Well, engineering courses are easy but important, as we know. But a writing course … I don’t know. I’ll just take a film class next semester, not hard at all – a two-paragraph review for each film. That will cover my humanities requirements. M: OK Stacey, listen: In college, I was the opposite. Math was hard; literature was easy. But later, when I opened my coffee shop, The Found Librarian, located on the 15th street, math helped me! W: Wait! You own The Found Librari an That’s our favorite coffee place. We get coffee and screenplay at more than 30 different production dessert there every week – and work on math homework. M: Yeah, that’s my shop. Stacey, let’s reconsider. Success in life needs a variety of skills. Humanities majors need math. Engineering majors need writing skills. This writing class will serve you well. Go to the University Writing Center and sign up for free tutoring. Then stop by my office each Friday at 11 . and I’ll work with you. Together you can succeed in becoming a strong writer. A good deal W: Yes! Thank you, Dr. Pearl! Passage 1 Scripts In 1978, as I applied to study film at the University of Illinois, my father objected and quoted me a statistic, “Every year, 50,000 performers compete for 200 available roles on Broadway.” Against his advice, I boarded a flight to the US. Some yearslater, when I graduated from the film school, I came to understand my father’s concern. It was nearly unheard of for a Chinese newcomer to make it in the American film industry. Beginning in 1983, I struggled through six years of annoying, hopeless uncertainty. Much of the time, I was helping film crews with their equipment or working as editor’s assistant. My most painful experience involved shopping a screenplay at more than 30 different production companies, and being met with harsh rejection each time. That year, I turned 30. Yet, I couldn’t even support myself. What could I do Keep waiting, or give up my moviemaking dream My wife gave me strong support. Her income was terribly modest. To relieve me from feeling guilty, I took on all housework – cooking, cleaning, taking care of our son – in addition to reading, reviewing films and writing scripts. It was rather shameful for a man to live this kind of life. Afterward, I enrolled in a computer course at a community college. At that time, it seemed that only the knowledge of computer could quickly make me employable. One morning, right before she got in her car to head off to work, my wife turned back and – standing there on our front steps –said, “Ang Lee, don’t forget your dream.” Sometime after, I obtained funding for my screenplay, and began to shoot my own films. After that, a few of my films started to win international awards. Recalling earlier times, my wife co nfessed, “I’ve always believed that you only need one gift. Your gift is making films.” And today, I’ve finally won that golden statue. I think my own perseverance and my wife’s immeasurable sacrifice have finally met their reward. Q1: When did Ang Lee com e to understand his father’s concern about studying film Q2: What was Ang Lee’s most painful experience according to the passage Q3: Why did Ang Lee enroll in a computer course at a community college Q4: What did Ang Lee’s wife think of him according to the passagePassage 2 Scripts and answers Nothing succeeds like confidence. When you are truly and justifiably confident, it radiates from you like sunlight, and attracts success to you like a magnet. It’s so important to 1) believe in yourself. Believe tha t you can do anything under any 2) circumstances, because if you believe you can, then you really will. That belief just keeps you 3) searching for success, and then pretty soon you can get it. Confidence is more than an attitude. It comes from knowing exactly where you are going, and how you are going to get there. It comes from 4) a strong sense of purpose. It comes from a strong commitment to take 5) responsibility, rather than just let life happen. One way to develop self-confidence is to do the thing you fear and get a record of successful experiences behind you. Confidence does not equal self-importance. Self-importance is born out of fear and 6) insecurity, while confidence comes from strength and 7) integrity. Confidence is not just believing you can do it. Confidence is knowing you can do it, and knowing that you are capable of 8) accomplishing anything you want. Anything can be achieved through focused, determined effort, commitment and selfconfidence. If your life is not what you 9) are longing for, you have the power to change it, and you must make such changes on a moment by moment basis. Live with your goals and your plan of action, and live each moment with your 10) priorities in mind, then you will have the life you want.Unit 2 Emotions speak louder than words Further practice in listeningShort conversations ScriptsConversation 1 W: What’s up You look so upset and tired. M: To be frank, I am getting a little tired of my sister’s vanishing without any explanation, especially when there is a lot of work to do around the house. Q: How does the man feel about his sisterConversation 2 W: What’s wrong with Professor Smith I can’t imagine that he lost his temper this morning. When I first met him, he looked so gentle and kind. M: Oh, don’t make a fuss about it. If you know him, then you’ll also know it’ll pass very soon. Q: What does the man say about Professor SmithConversation 3 W: You mean Horace is still angry about that joke you made about his name M: Yes. But I couldn’t help it. It just occurred to me at that moment. I didn’t mean to offend him at all! Q: What do we know about the manConversation 4 W: By the way, did you hear that Jack failed his mid-term exam It’s too bad because it will disqualify him for next year’s scholarship, and his par ents will be really disappointed with him. M: He deserved it. He’s never really studied since last semester. Q: How does the man feel about Jack’s failing the examConversation 5 W: I have been thinking about the interview all week. I’m so desperate for t his job, I can’t afford any mistakes. M: Take it easy. You’ve made enough preparations. What you really need is a little bit of confidence. I’m sure you’ll get the job. Q: What do we learn about the womanLong conversation Scripts W: Happy Friday Chris! I sn’t that mountain beautiful today … Gosh Chris, are you OK Are you crying Did I say something M: No, it’s fine, Sally. It’s just that today is the one-year anniversary of my father’s death. W: I’m so sorry. Today must be especially difficult. M: I woke up this morning, looked out at Mount Rainier for 45 minutes thinking about him. It was his favorite mountain, and from the time when I was seven years old until he died last year, every year, every year we would go hiking and camping together up that mountai n at least three or four times. W: Wow. That’s my favorite place, too. I love all the blue and yellow flowers that cover the slopes in early summer. M: He loved those flowers, too, and we had baskets and bunches of them at the funeral. W: That sounds really special. Those little details can be such a comfort. M: Yes, it was a reminder of our happiest memories together. Honestly, I hope to die as peacefully as he did. We had just come home from a five-day hiking and camping trip in June. We had caught six fish for dinner and mom was preparing them in the kitchen. Dad sat down in his favorite green chair and had a heart attack and died quickly and peacefully. W: It’s tough to lose someone you love, but it sounds like he had a great life. M: He certainly did. He was 78 when he died. A good life, though, a very good life. W: Chris, take the day off. Maybe go hiking on Mount Rainier. It’s beautiful weather. It might make you feel better to hike up the mountain. M: Sally, you’re a good boss and a good friend. Thank s. Passage 1 Scripts With the fierce competition at work or in school, you are often stressed out and easily offended. How can you relieve such stress Follow the following tips to reduce your stress to manageable levels! Avoid MUST think. You have to move away from the notion that you must do something in a certain way. For example, “I must get a great score on a test.” This thought pattern only adds to the stress you’ll feel. Evaluate your situation rationally and analytically, and not as a “life or death”situation. Clean up the mess. Don’t study in a messy or crowded area. Clear yourself a nice, open space that’s free from distractions. Set manageable goals. Break large projects into smaller parts and you’ll feel a positive sense of accomplishment as you finish each part. Imagine dumping your worries. Imagine yourself walking on a beautiful beach, carrying a sand bucket. Stop at a good spot and put your worries into the bucket. Drop the bucket and watch as it drifts away into the ocean. Think good thoughts. Create a set of positive but brief assumptions and mentally repeat them to yourself just before you fall asleep at night, and you will feel a lot morepositive in the morning. Imagine yourself succeeding. Close your eyes and remember a real-life situation in which you did well. Imagine facing your stressful situation with the same feeling of confidence. Use your bed for sleeping, not studying. Your mind may start to associate your bed with work, which will make it harder for you to fall asleep. Listen to relaxing music. If you want to play music, keep it low in the background. Classical music especially can aid the learning process. Apply these tips to your own life, soon you’ll find fewer and fewer situations to feel stressful about. Q1: What will happen if you always think that you must do something in a certain way Q2: How can you make large projects workable according to the passage Q3: What is the benefit of classical music mentioned in the passage Q4: What is the best title for the passagePassage 2 Scripts and answers Moods, say the experts, are emotions that tend to become fixed, 1) exerting an influence on one’s outlook for hours, days or even weeks. That’s 2) fabulous if your mood is a pleasant one, but it will be a problem if you are sad, anxious, angry or lonely. Perhaps one of the best ways to deal with such moods is to 3) talk them out. Sometimes, though, there is no one to listen. Modern science offers an abundance of drugs to deal with bad moods. But scientists have also discovered the practicability of several non-drug 4) approaches to release you from an unwanted mood. These can be just as useful as drugs, and have the added benefit of being healthier. So, the next time you feel out of sorts, don’t 5) head for the drug store – try the following approach. Of all the mood-altering self-help techniques, physical exercise seems to be the most 6) efficient cure for a bad mood. “If you could keep up the exercise, you’d be in high spirits,” says Kathryn Lance, author of Running for Health and Beauty. Obviously, physical activity 7) is linked with mood changes. Researchers have explained biochemical and various other changes that make exercise 8) compare favorably to drugs as a mood-raiser. Physical exertion such as housework, however, does little help, probably because it is not intensive enough, and people usually do it unwillingly. The key is physical exercise – running, cycling, walking, swimming or other sustained activities that 9) boost the heart rate, increase circulation and improve the body’s use of oxygen. Do them for at least 20 minutes a 10) session, three to five times a week.Unit 3 Love your neighbor Further practice in listeningShort conversations ScriptsConversation 1 M: It’s considerate of the community to offer us old people so many chances. As you can see from my curriculum schedule, I have one music theory class and one piano lesson in the afternoon. W: I still have no idea which class I should choose. I think I may take music theory class with you. Q: What are the speakers doingC onversation 2 W: Let’s talk about the preparations for the coming Christmas party. M: I think we really need a good plan and to arrange everything well in advance this time. Do you remember what a mess it was last year Q: What do we know about the Christmas party last yearConversation 3 W: John, could you look after the children for me while I go to the doctor The only appointment I could get is at 11:00. M: All right. But I have to leave at 1 . I’m going to a party in the afternoon. Q: What is the man supposed to do now according to the conversationConversation 4 M: It’s said that you have a new handsome neighbor from Australia. How are you getting along with him, Mary W: Oh, quite well. He is a person who alwaysspeaks his mind, and I guess he gets along well with the entire neighborhood. Q: What does the woman think of her new neighborConversation 5 W: I’ve heard that Mr. Smith is moving to a new apartment house at the end of this month. M: That’s wonderful. He’s been looking forward to moving to a n ew house for a long time. Let’s give him a hand this weekend. Q: What is the man going to do this weekendLong conversation Scripts W: Hello, Mr. Lucas, I’m here to ask for 10 days off work, next month, in August. Together with the two weekends, I’ll have a full 14 days off from work. M: Two weeks in August Lucy, as the election season is coming, the news and stories are catching the eye of the public. We may need our best news producers – like you – to be here for interviews. What’s so important W: I know it is a busy season, but I’ve been taking two weeks off every year to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity –it’s a commitment I’ve kept every year, no matter what. It’s such a great organization that builds low-cost homes for people in need. The work is all volunteering and most of the supplies to build the houses are provided for free. It’s a great way to build community and make friends. M: I love Habitat for Humanity! In 2005, after Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana, over 150,000 volunteers helped build more than 2,200 homes. My daughter worked with them in New Orleans and my brother has volunteered with Habitat for Humanity for five years. W: Wow! You know my husband and I have been volunteering for six years here in Seattle. When I started, I didn’t even k now how to hold a hammer, but now I’ve learned how to paint, build roofs, and even install kitchen sinks! I love the feeling of community we develop with our fellow volunteers and with the communities that benefit from our work. M: Alright! We’ll work it out. I’ll give you the time off. Maybe this year you can learn how to install doors as well! Q1: Why is the woman asking for two weeks off from work Q2: Which of the following statements is true Q3: According to the woman, why is she willing to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity Q4: What do we know about the man from the conversation Passage 1 Scripts The BBC’s iPM radio program asks its listeners for interesting questions. In response, a listener asked the following question: “I would like to ask a question about the relationships among neighbors. I mean those people who live in your immediate neighborhood. Many people we have spoken to have said they don’t know any of their immediate neighbors.” What about you Do you know any of your immediate neighbors, in the sense of something more than exchanging “Good morning” or “Good afternoon”, for example A research group carried out an investigation and asked people how well they know their neighbors and this is what the research group discovered. Surprisingly, 77 percent of people say they know their neighbors. It also emerged that if they live in a house, regardless of town or rural area, a massive 80 percent of them know their neighbors. However, the figure drops to 75 percent if they’re in a flat. The survey als o revealed that people appear to get friendlier as they get older. In fact, only 64 percent of 18- to 24-year-olds know their neighbors, but for people aged 55-64 this number climbs to 88 percent. Interestingly enough, it turns out that men are a little less likely to say they know their neighbors than women, and the rich are closer to their neighbors than the less well-off. This topic was very popular with lots of BBC listeners and provoked plenty of comments on the BBC’s iPM website. One of the listeners said, “I only really got to know my neighbors when their house caught fire. We’re good friends now.” Another one recalled, “When we moved into our house three years ago, the first remark our neighbor made was, ‘So, you’re moving in I hope you don’thave no isy kids.’ We reassured him we had no children and tried to make conversation but with no success.” Q1: What question did the research group try to find an answer to Q2: Which age group is more likely to know their neighbors Q3: Which of the followingstat ements is true according to the passage Q4: What do the website’s comments mentioned at the end of the passage implyPassage 2 Scripts and answers Many neighbor disputes end up in court because of poor communication. If something dangerous or 1) illegal happens, the cops are the obvious solution. But if problems that arise are grayer, communication is the best way to save money and trouble. Here are some tips to be a good neighbor and deal with a bad one: Get to know each other. Being a good neighbor does n’t mean 2) taking family vacations together. Just knowing them well enough to say hi, or maybe borrowing a cup of sugar or loaning a gardening tool, can build trust and understanding. Issues are much more likely to occur among strangers than even casual 3) acquaintances. Head off problems before they’re problems. If you are 4) throwing a party at your place, go to all neighbors who might be affected and offer them two things: a 5) verbal invitation to the party and a card with your phone number. If they are not 6) tolerant of the noise or there are other problems, your neighbors can call you instead of asking the police to 7) intervene. Tell your neighbors what’s bothering you –don’t assume they know what the problem is. Be open and direct, not passive-aggressive. Ask for their opinions, and wherever possible, propose a solution that 8) splits the difference and demonstrates a willingness to compromise. Stay cool and positive, even if your neighbors are not. Check with other neighbors. See if anybody else on the block is having similar issues – they may be willing to help 9) resolve it. If one of the neighbors is close to the troublemaker, have them come with you when you 10) talk it out. Bottom line As with any relationship, being a good neighbor – or dealing with a bad one – is all about communication.Unit 4 What’s the big idea？Further practice in listeningShort conversations ScriptsConversation 1 M: Ted said he’d made up his mind to quit school and set up his own computer company. W: He’s told many pe ople about his plan but I wonder where he could get so much money. Besides, he never showed any real curiosity in our computer class. He is a complete layman as far as the computer is concerned. Q: What does the woman mean？Conversation 2 W: It is reported that researchers have developed tiny engines which are able to break down the pollutants in wastewater to create clean water. I think that’ll be great news to people in areas lacking water. M: Well, I am thinking that whether people in those areas can afford the engines. Q: What is the man worried about Conversation 3 W: Driving all the way to work and back every day really makes me exhausted. If only the cars could drive automatically. M: Well, haven’t you heard that some engineers are working on intelligent cars I suppose that you will soon be able to purchase one as long as you can afford it. Q: What can we infer from the conversation Conversation 4 M: A Dutch airline rolled out a new program recently. It enables travelers to choose their seat partners based on the online profiles of those sharing the flight. Passengers can make a match by offering their Facebook data, depending on whether they’re looking for a potential personal or business relationship. W: Aha, that’s really a fantastic idea. I’d like to have a try as early as possible. Q: What are they talking aboutConversation 5 M: I am thinking of starting my own business. But I haven’t got any idea of what to do. It seems that many young people are pouring into the online business. W: If I were yo u, I’d like to offer the online video editing service. Many people shoot videos but don’t know how to edit. Maybe this is the online business opportunity for you! Q: What does the woman suggest the man doLong conversation Scripts M: Alas! This creative writing class is too much! I have to write a five-page short story by October 8th, and I have no idea what to write about. W: We’re already two months into the semester, you must have written stories before now. What did you write about last time M: That’s j ust it –we’ve only had to write true stories so far, funny little things that happened to us or our families. My first three stories were about hunting or fishing with my childhood dog, Brownie, and visiting my grandmother during the summers when I was in high school. This time, it has to be fictional. Hey! You’re a great artist, how do you get your ideas W: Thank you, but I’m not sure painting and writing are exactly the same. When I’m ready to start a new painting, I usually go for long walks along the beach or out in the woods. I find most of my inspiration in nature. M: Hmm … I don’t think that would really work for me. I need characters and a plot.W: You should try hanging out at the train station. There are always interesting people with odd hats or accents coming and going, dramatic goodbyes and romantic reunions. Just sit in the lobby for an hour or two and watch everyone. Try to imagine who they are, where they’re going, why they’re in such a hurry. M: The train station That’s actually a pretty good idea! How did you come up with such a great idea W: I’m glad you like it, but I can’t take any credit. It’s an old trick I learned from many artists and writers. You just need something new and exciting to get those creative ideas flowing. Q1: What’s the problem with the man Q2: How does the woman get her ideas before painting Q3: What is the man’s attitude toward the woman’s way of getting inspiration Q4: What does the woman suggest the man do at the train station Passage 1 Scripts We may take the invention of the toilet for granted, but it is something many of us would have a hard time learning to live without. Public sanitation systems were invented long ago, but when was the toilet invented The story of the toilet takes us back to 1596. The toilet was created by Sir John Harrington for his godmother, Queen Elizabeth I. Harrington called his design a “water closet”, and his water closet was installed in Queen Elizabeth’s castle in 1596. The original toilet, or water closet, had a knob on a chain that had to be pulled in order for the water to be released from a bowl. Underneath the bowl, there was a basin or collection bowl that had to be emptied and cleaned often. It is not the sanitary and pleasant way for removing waste that we know of, but it paves the way for later improvements. Over time, many inventors improved Harrington’s original water closet by improving the pipes that were attached to the bottom and the flush system that built upon the original toilet. By 1896, Thomas Crapper began to sell toilets. Crapper saw the importance and necessity of the toilet, and he used his admiration for the product to help promote and sell the toilet. Harrington’s invention is, without a doubt, one invention that would be hard to live without. Inventors will continu e to develop upon Harrington’s original water closet. Q1: Who invented the first toilet according to the passage Q2: What was one of the problems with Harrington’s water closet Q3: How did inventors improve the original toilet according to the passage Q4: Which of the following can best summarize the passage Passage 2 Scripts and answers Scientific research should improve our overall quality of life. The government should provide financial and political support to any research that islikely to result in immediate and significant benefits for the people. However, people’s ideas 1) vary when it comes to whether the government should support scientific research with no practical use. Still 2) a large portion of people believe that the government should distribute adequate funds to any scientific research that aims to improve the 3) well-being of people, even if it is of no practical use in the short run. Scientific research whose social benefits are immediate, predictable, and 4) profound should continue to be a high priority. For example, biotechnology research has been proven to help cure and prevent diseases; information technology enables education to be more 5) accessible; and communication technology facilitates global peace by improving mutual understanding among people and their participation in the democratic process. However, this is not to say that research whose benefits are less immediate or clear should be given a lower priority. It is difficult to predict which research will 6) ultimately lead to the greatest contributions to society. Reluctance to finance less practical scientific research could 7) have a harmful effect on the efforts to explore new knowledge. This is particularly true of the computer sciences. For instance, before the first computer was invented, public opinions 8) went against it, as most people saw nothing practical in computer research. However, computers transformed the way human society evolved and proved to be of great avail in the long run, especially in terms of scientific development in fields such as the military, medicine, 9) aviation, and education. Therefore, never should we think that scientific research whose benefits are unknown 10) is not worth pursuing since the purpose of any research should be to discover truths, whatever it might be.Unit 5 More than a paycheck Further practice in listeningShort conversations ScriptsConversation 1 W: I just want to burst into my boss’ office and tell him that I quit. He promised to give me a promotion, but he went against his word. M: Well, if I were you, I’d bite my tongue and wait until I get a better job. Q: What is the man’s advice for the womanConversation 2 M: Now suppose I was to stay at home and do all the housework and look after the children while my wife went out to work. What would you think about that W: Well, you know … I’d rather do it the other way round. Q: What does the woman imply Conversation 3 M: I am really sorry for this, but I hope that you can understand my reason for deciding to leave, Mrs. Smith. W: Well, do I have to remind you that we have invested a lot of time and money in your career here Q: What does Mrs. Smith imply Conversation 4 W: It looks that you are a bit tired. I’ve noticed that you’ve been sitting in front of the computer for an hour. Wh y don’t you stop and have a coffee break M: I’ve got to finish this report and I can’t leave it until the deadline. Q: What does the man mean Conversation 5 M: When Jane told me that she was going to quit her job, I just thought she was kidding. You know, it’s a good job and she is well paid. W: I see your point, but she said she was tired of counting other people’s money. Q: What can we learn about Jane from the conversationLong conversation Scripts M: Michelle, I really wish I could quit this awful job – today –if I could afford to pay my rent without it. Just think of working outside in this terrible heat the whole summer … I dream of my future when I’m rich! W: Oh Mark, it’s not that bad! I’ll admit, it’s crazy hot, and I’d love some ice-cold lemon juice right now. But you’re only a gardener, how do you think you’ll ever get rich Do you think you’ll plant a money tree and harvest bags of gold M: I may be only a gardener now, but I’ll be rich。