1. Don’t waste energy drying your dishes in the dishwasher. Dry them by hand instead of using energy by drying them in the dishwasher.
2. Cut back on your use of hot water. Take a five-minute shower, or use only four inches (10 centimeters) of water in your bath.
3. Keep track of your electric bills. Make a chart of how much energy you use, and watch the numbers go down every month.
4. Recycle all of your cans, bottles, and paper. Recycled materials consume much less energy than new materials.
5. Unplug computers, printers, TVs, and cell phone chargers when you aren’t using them. They use electricity even when they are turned off—up to eight percent of your electric bill!
Unit 2
Bagpipes are a very old musical instrument. They have a bag that holds air, and one or more small pipes that make the notes of the music. The player blows air into the bag, and then the air comes out slowly through the pipes to make the sound. There are holes in the pipes that the player covers with his or her fingers to play different notes.
Bagpipes have a long history. Musicians in ancient Rome played a similar instrument with an airbag and pipes. Today, the most famous bagpipes are in Scotland and Ireland, but there are many different instruments like this in different regions of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Unit 3
1. Brazil has more fresh water available for its people than any other country.
2. Farmers require 911 gallons (3,449 liters) of water to produce 2.2 pounds (one kilogram) of rice.
3. Clean water is very important for staying healthy. About one million people die each year from drinking dirty water.
4. Melting snow and ice is a fast and easy way to provide drinking water for people in cold places.
5. China has built more than 22,000 dams to manage water for different uses such as electricity.
6. Scientists say that 13 gallons (49 liters) of water per day is enough for one person.
7. You can collect water in a desert with just a sheet of plastic and an empty can.
8. Water is a renewable resource, so we can use the same water again and again.
9. The Nile River in Africa (the longest river in the world) flows through four different countries.
10. People in Australia use the smallest amount of water of any country in the world.
Unit 4
For the past two weeks we have studied attachment theory, beginning with Harry Harlow’s experiments with monkeys. In those experiments, researchers took baby monkeys from their mothers. The monkeys had many emotional problems without their mother’s love. We also studied John Bowlby. His work showed us that human babies need a sense of security, too. Without this security from an adult, they have problems in future relationships. Finally, we looked at Phillip Shaver’s recent ideas about attachment theory and romantic love.
Your assignment is to plan a class presentation of 10 to 15 minutes. First, select two of the researchers we studied. You will briefly summarize their research and then explain which scientist’s work you think will have the greatest impact on people today. Be sure to support your opinion with reasons.
There are fewer than 800 mountain gorillas in the world. They live in four national parks in Africa. Mountain gorillas live in family groups with as many as 40 gorillas. Adult male gorillas can weigh over 400 pounds (180 kilograms). Female gorillas become mothers at around 10 years old, and have one baby every three or four years. Mountain gorillas are mainly vegetarians. They eat so many plants that they rarely need to drink water. Mountain gorillas are shy. Most of the time, they avoid human beings. The gorilla’s only predators are humans and leopards. Losing the land where they live is a much larger problem for them.
Unit 6
Bernard Weber wanted to use modern technology to bring the people of the world closer together. He knew that the original Seven Wonders of the Ancient World were chosen by one person. Six of the wonders don’t exist anymore. So he created a way to let the world determine the New Seven Wonders: an open election using the Internet and text messaging. Anyone could nominate a special site, and anyone could vote. Naturally, many people voted for sites in their own countries. In some places, people were encouraged by their government to vote. Sites in 220 countries were nominated, so there were plenty of wonders to vote for. Millions of votes were registered, and on July 7th, 2007, the seven winners were announced in Lisbon, Portugal. Fourteen finalists were also announced—perhaps because it was difficult to limit the Wonders of the World to only seven. Unit 7
Anthropologists, scientists who study human beings, have long said that modern humans first lived in Africa, and then moved east toward Asia, north across the Mediterranean, and later throughout the world.
Now, a very large genetic study supports that theory. The study looked at nearly 1,000 people in 51 places around the world. It found the most genetic diversity in Africa, and less genetic diversity farther away from Africa. How did this happen? When small groups of people moved away, they took only a small amount of all the possible genetic information with them. People in the small groups reproduce. Their offspring inherited their parents’more limited set of genes. Their traits were very similar to those of their parents. This process continued as small groups of people continued to move farther from Africa.
Unit 8
A business plan is your map to success. In it, you write down what you hope to achieve in your new business and how you will do it. Your business plan should answer the following questions:
1. How big is the market for your service or product?
2. Who will your customers be?
3. How will you advertise your business and products to reach these people?
4. What is your budget for your new business?
5. How much is the potential income from your business? How much money do you expect to earn in the first three years?
6. Do you have enough money to start your business, or will you have to borrow money? Who might lend you this money?
7. What do you want to achieve in your first year?
8. What problems do you predict in the first year? What action can you take to solve or prevent these problems?
2008年英语专业四级考试全真试卷及其参考答案SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the.following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation. 1. When is Anne available for the meeting? A. The third week of May. B. The third week of June. C. The eleventh of June. D. The eleventh of May. 2. Their meeting will probably take place in A. London. B. Toronto. C. Mexico City. D. Chicago. 3. When is Eric calling back? A. Thursday afternoon. B. Friday afternoon. C. Thursday morning.
D. Friday morning. Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 4. According to the woman, advertisements A. let us know the best product. B. give us sufficient information. C. fail to convince people. D. give misleading information. 5. In the woman's opinion, money spent on advertisements is paid A. by manufacturers. B. by customers. C. by advertisers. D. by all of them. 6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?. A. The woman seems to be negative about advertising. B. The woman appears to know more about advertising. C. The man is to be present at a debate on advertising. D. The man has a lot to talk about on advertising. Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation,
[外语类试卷]专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷259 一、PART I DICTATION Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. 0 UNICEF is joining with a nonprofit group to bring AIDS【T1】______ programs to more women and children in five countries. UNICEF, United Nations Children's Fund, will work with Family Health International. The new partnership will be【T2】______ at first in Guyana, India, Malawi, Nigeria and Zambia, One of the goals is to improve care for babies【T3】______ with H.I.V., the virus that 【T4】______ AIDS. Another is to prevent the【T5】______of H.I.V. from mother to child. Activities will depend on the needs of each country. In some cases, anti-AIDS drugs will be【T6】______ to infected parents of children. Women and children living in rural communities will receive most of the services. Both UNICEF and Family Health International will expand their partnership into more countries in the future. Family Health International has been working on public health issues since 1971. The organization is based in North Carolina and has programs in seventy countries. It does research on【T7】______diseases and reproductive health, and also provides services. Experts say an important part of fighting AIDS is【T8】______ will. One example they point to is Cambodia, That country has been getting attention for its【T9】______ in reducing some of the highest【T10】______ rates in Asia. Experts praise the government for supporting public education efforts and programs. 1 【T1】 2 【T2】 3 【T3】 4 【T4】
英语专业四级考试1993年——203年听写原文 1993 Package Holidays Package holidays, covering a two weeks' stay in an attractive place, are increasingly popular. Once you get to the airport, it is up to the tour operator to see that you get safely to your destination．Everything is laid on for you．There is, in fact, no reason for you to bother to arrange anything yourselves．You make friends and have a good time. But there is very little chance that you will really get to know the local people．This is even less likely on a coach tour, when you spend almost your entire time traveling．Of course, there are carefully planned stops for you to visit historic buildings and monuments. You may visit the beautiful, the historic, the ancient. But time is always short．There is also the added disadvantage of being obliged to spend you holiday with a group of people you have never met before． (1994) The American Family The American family unit is changing. There used to be mainly two types of families, the extended and the nuclear. The former included mother, father, children, and some other relatives such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people began moving to different parts of the country in order to search for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family consisting of only parents and children has therefore become far more wide spread. Today’s family, however, can be composed of diverse co mbinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there's an increase in single-parent homes—a father or mother living with one or more children. Blended families occur when divorced men and women remarry and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, there is an increase in childless couples while one in rive Americans lives alone. (1995) Unidentified Flying Objects There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observers might have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery.
- The success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities,/ led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. / Between 1835 and 1865 about 25000 kilometers of track were built,/ and over 100 railway companies were created. / Railway travel transformed people's lives. / Trains were first designed to carry goods. / However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day / which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. / Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. / Cheap day excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapidly. / The railways also provided thousands of new jobs:/ building carriages, running the railways and repairing the tracks. / Railways even changed the time. / The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished/ and clocks showed the same time all over the country. / United Nations Day (1999) The 24th of October is celebrated as United Nations Day. h is a day that belongs to everyone. And it is celebrated in most countries of the world. Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day. In many parts of the world, schools have special programs for the day. Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree. In other communities, young people put on plays about the UN. Some libraries exhibit children’s art works from around the world. Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries or give parties where foods of other countries are served. No matter how the day is celebrated, the purpose of these celebrations is to help everyone understand the UN, and the important roles it plays in world affairs. The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs. In this way, people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world. What We Know About Language (2000) Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. However, we now do know something about it. First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. No human race anywhere on earth is so backward that it has no language of its own at all. Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many peoples whose cultures are undeveloped but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. In all the languages existing in the world today, there are complexities that must have been developed for years. Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate. Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. And finally, we know that language changes over time, which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead. Characteristics of A Good Reader (2001) To improve your reading habits, you must understand the characteristics of a good reader.
英语专业四级听写50篇 前言 听写在英语专业四级统考中占有15％的比重，是考试的重要组成部分。 说起听写，正在准备和已经参加过英语专业四级考试的同学会说： “我能明白听写的内容，可写的时候就是跟不上！”“短文大意我明白，可是有的语我不 会写。” 这只反映出了问题的两个方面。一是听写速度不够快。二是词汇量不够或词汇掌握得不够准确。这些无疑是影响听写成绩的重要因素。但是，这些不是问题的全部。在从事听写教学及听写问卷过程中，很容易发现学生失分的具体问题： （1）没听懂，没听好，听写速度跟不上，写出的内容断断续续不连贯，学生因此大量失分； （2）有的词汇没听懂，拼写不够准确，这导致听写失分； （3）时态错误导致失分； （4）单复数不准确导致失分； （5）没有注意断句或专有名词，句子开头单词或专有名词错误使用大小写导致失分； （6）没有注意原文冠词的使用，书写时漏掉冠词导 致失分； （7）没有注意单数第三人称形式导致失分； （8）没有注意单数复数名词的形式导致失分。 上述问题的产生有的是缺乏训练造成的，如书写速度跟不上。有的则是语言基础较 差造成的，如听力较差没有完全听懂或没有掌握好词汇。而单复数、大小写、冠词漏写 等则多是粗心大意造成的。 听写部分能提高吗？ 当然能！而且提高的空间很大。 笔者从事英语专业基础教学与研究，从一开始所带的教学班参加四级考试超过全国 院校平均通过率28．2个百分点，超过全国专业外语院校平均通过率12．5个百分点开始，所带的教学班在全国英语专业④级统考中通过率始终ito％，平均成绩、优秀率始终名列 前茅。最近一次所带的教学班参加四级统考，又考出了很好的成绩，通过率超过全国院 校平均水平26石个百分点，超过全国专业外语院校13．6个百分点，而且在十几个平行 班中平均成绩是最高的，优秀人数也是最多的。在四级考试中，听写一项的成绩也不例外，每次均位居第一，本项目满分15分，所带班级平均成绩能够达到14分。 是不是学生基础很好？统计表明，和平行班相比所带班级入学时并不存在什么特别 优势。 教学经验表明，听写成功的关键是训练方法和体现训练方法的训练材料。 听写训练过程中无论是老师还是学生都有必要注意以下几点： 二．扭握淤轿肘虚度大纲要求第一遍用正常速
【如何过英语专业四级】英语专业四级听力50篇 英语专业四级考试是英语专业生面临的第一个检验自己英语水平的大型考试，那么你知道如何过英语专业四级吗?下面是小编为你整理的过英语专业四级考试的方法，希望大家喜欢! 过英语专业四级考试的方法 一步是做一套英语专业四级的真题卷，检验自己的的英语究竟处于怎么样的水平，并了解自己的优势和劣势。 每天坚持听一套听力，尤其是dictation，更是重中之重。要静听而不是泛听，相信付出总有收获。 阅读控制好时间，4篇阅读最好控制在25-28分钟之间。应试时最好先看题目再答题，遇到生词不要过分纠结，跳过或根据上下文猜测词意。平时多记单词注意词汇的积累 每个星期坚持写一篇专四作文，写好后最好请教同学老师有哪些需要改进的地方。专四的作文是有模板可循的，多记些句型和标准句子。特别要注意的是论据一定要分点写并层次分明。 根据实际情况每天记一定的词汇，为自己的英语水平打好坚实的壁垒。 自2016年起，TEM-4考试的试卷结构和测试题型作了局部调整。考试题型共分6个部分：听写、听力理解、语言知识、完形填空、阅读理解、写作。考生应特别注意改革题型。 英语专业四级考试注意事项 ictation注意事项： dictation其实并不难加上大家平日里的做试卷基本都可以取得基本分，但是优秀者和成绩普通者的差距在于听完后的检查，要知道dictation扣分要求严格，一个标点，一个大小写，
冠词都可能导致扣分，因此dictataion做完后务必拿出部分时间检查。 另外写错了，有且只有划掉单词重写这样一种补救方式。 听力剩下部分： 其它的部分最好是能够在试卷发下来的时间里提前把题目看了，对于对话或者段落要知道并无太大难度，因为大量的内容给了你更多的上下文帮助你理解信息。 听力务必注意事项：在听力中应当学会放弃，没听到的题目应做到果断放弃，不管不想，不纠结，马上放下做下一题。毕竟一题不决定成败。 cloze： cloze应当注意平日里的练习积累，做题时注意上下文的联系，相信不难。 grammer: 这个平常大家总会有很多出错。不过细究起来，无非考词汇和语法两点，建议考前通过做大量的类似题目来提高准确率。当然也可以把这类题放到阅读后再做。 reading comprehension： 这个算是大头，一个分值较高，建议做时，先扫读四篇文章，看题目难易度，再更具此分配时间。阅读时应该以意群为单位，而非单词!此外日常的知识，经验可以作为参考，但一定不能作为选题的依据。 阅读误区：重读，用手指指着读，读出声音。 essay writing
英语专业四级考试真题听写原文2005年 The Wrist Watch It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception / to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches, / and pilots found them most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percent. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposes rather than for decoration. 2006年 The internet The internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications.Imagine a book that never rend, a library with milion floors,or imagine a research project with thousands of sientists working around the clock forever.This is the magic of the internet.
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2016) -GRADE FOUR- PART ⅠDICTATION Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Now listen to the passage. Think Positive and Feel Positive Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? / Do you react positively or negatively? / The answer may depend in part on whom you’re around. / A study found that negative thinking can be contagious in some cases. / For example, the researchers studied 103 college roommates. / They measured each roommate’s tendency towards negative thinking. / It was found that thinking patterns can be contagious. / Students with a negative thinking roommate became more depressed themselves, / and students with more positive thinking roommates / were more likely to become more positive as well. The second and third readings. You should begin writing now. Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? / Are you confident or insecure in a difficult situation? / Do you react positively or negatively? / Do you react positively or negatively? / The answer may depend in part
对话部分的场景设置大致可分为8 种（以2005-2012 年专业四级考试为分析对象）：场景一：面试招聘 此类场景在对话听力考试中共出现过 3 次，由于该场景的词汇简单，且招聘与面试是几乎每个学生都要接触到的事件，所以该场景在专四听力对话试题中出现的频率较大。 场景常用词汇及表达： A. 校园与专业：major in 专业（动）,major 主修,minor 辅修,courses 课程,courses taken 所学课程‘recreational activities 娱乐活动,interest 兴趣,academic activities 学术活动,president 校长,dean 院长,professor 教授,degree 学 位,post doctorate 博士后,doctor 博士, master 硕士, bachelor 学士, university 大学,educational background 教育背景, curriculum 课程, scholarship 奖学金, subject 科目, specialization 专业, specialized 专业的, specialize in 专业（动）, social practice 社会实践 B. 工作与经历 :objective 目标,career objective 职业目标,position wanted 希望的职位,due to （close-down of company, expiry of employment …）由于（公司倒闭，雇佣期满…），work experience 工作经历,occupational history 工作经历,link with 与...有关,employment 雇佣,achievements 成就,accomplish 完成,appointed 被任命, adept in 善于,assistant助理,break the record 打破纪录,be promoted to 被提升为,be proposed as被提名为 C. 个人品质:adaptable适应性强的，ambitious雄心壮志的，amiable和蔼的，analytical善于分析的，apprehensive 有理解力的，capable有能力的，careful小心谨慎的，competent有能力的，constructive建设性的，cooperative合作的, creative 创造性的, dedicated 奉献的, disciplined 守纪律的, well-educated 受过良好教育的, efficient 有效 率的, energetic 精力充沛的, enthusiastic 充满热情的, expressive 善于表达的, generous 慷慨大方的, genteel 有教养的,independent独立的‘intelligen t聪明的，modest谦虚的，precise精确的‘responsible负责的，strict严格的, temperate 温和的 试题演练： Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. （TEM4-2007） Now, listen to the conversation. 1. At the university Mr. Robinson specialized in A. maths. B. physics. C. water management. D. geography. 2. Mr. Robinson worked for the Indian Government because of A. university links. B. government agreements. C. company projects. D. degree requirements. 3. After Mr. Robinson returned from India, he A. changed jobs several times. B. went to live in Manchester. C. did similar work as in India. D. became head of a research team. Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. （TEM-2011） Now, listen to the conversation. 4. John has worked in all the following places EXCEPT A. a book shop.
41.Apology Helps It is never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of apologizing. Look back with honesty and think how often you have judged roughly, you said unkind things, and pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and truly that you were so sorry. A bit frightening, isn’t it? It is frightening, isn’t it? It is frightening because some deep wisdom in us knows that when even a small wrong has been committed, some mysterious moral feeling is disturbed; and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and regret expressed. A heartfelt apology can not only heal a damaged relationship but also make it stronger. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you, someone you have wronged, or judged too roughly, or just neglected, do something about it right now. 42. Sleep Why is it so difficult to fall asleep when you are overtired? There is no one answer that applies to every individual. It is possible to feel “tired” physically and still be unable to fall asleep, because while your body may be exhausted, you do not feel sleepy. It is not so easy to simply “turn off”. Lack of sleep complicates matters even more. Experts say adults need at
2007年英语专业四级考试全真试卷及其参考答案SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 1. Which of the following is NOT needed for the Lost Property Form? (A) Name. (B) Nationality. (C) Address. (D) Phone number. 2. From the conversation we know that Mark Adams comes from. (A) Essex. (B) Edinburgh. (C) London. (D) The US. 3. What will Mark Adams do the day after tomorrow? (A)To come to the office again. (B) To wait for the phone call.