Animal
动物实验animal experiments
被绳之以法be brought to justice
动物权益保护主义animal rights activists
医学研究medical research
残忍的cruel /merciless / inhuman / callous / brutal (adj.s)
活体揭破vivisection
麻醉anaesthetic (BrE,n)
减轻动物的痛苦alleviate / ease(vt.s) animals’ pain
宠物是主人的伙伴pets are conpanions of their masters
给主人心理安慰afford their masters consolation and comfort(n)
偷猎poach (vi,vt) / poaching(n)
某一种事物是没有替代物的there are no replacements / substitutes / alternatives(单数去s) for sth 认为动物和人类相同的感官的观点(n) anthropomorphism
濒危动物endangered species
Crime
触犯法律break / violate / flout / disobey the law
犯罪commit a crime
罪行offences (BrE)/ crimes / criminal acts
罪犯criminal / offender / culprit.perpetrator
从犯accomplice / accessory(n) / convicts(n)后者指帮助犯罪但为直接参与的人
受害者victim(n)
心理创伤trauma(n)
憎恨社会resent society / hold a grudge against society
囚犯inmate / convicts(n)
牢房cell
监禁(v) imprison / incarcerate (vt.s) someone
教育罪犯educate / edify(vts) criminals
宽容的lenient(adj)
改造罪犯reform / rehabilitate criminals
执法部门law enforcement agencies
重罪heinous crimes / flagitious crime / felony(n)
轻罪petty crime / misdemeanour(BrE)
初犯的人first-time offender
惯犯hardened criminals / repeat criminals
遏制猖獗的犯罪curb / halt / check(vts) the rampant(adj) crimes
再次犯罪(v) revert(vi) to crime
再次犯罪(n) recidivism
守法的公民law-abiding citizens
遵守法律abide by / comply with the law
无视…(v)disregard
给某人造成心理创伤traumatise(vt) someone
抓捕track dowm / hunt down / capture(vt)
有预谋的犯罪premeditated crime
犯罪倾向(n) criminal tendency
Environment
1 生态系统ecosystem / ecological system
某一地区所有植物的总称the flora(n)
某一地区所有动物的总称the fauna(n)
某一地区所有生物的总称the wildlife in a region/the biota(flora+fauna) of a region 生物多样性biodiversity(n)
生态平衡ecological balance/ecological equilibrium(n)
2 可持续发展sustainable development
环保主义者environmentalist / conservationists
对环境无害的environmentally-frendly(adj)
节约使用conserve(vt)
保护preserve
再利用reuse / recycle
3 肥沃的土壤fertile soil
贫瘠的土壤infertile soil
耕地（n）arable land / farmland
增加农产品产量boost crop yield
开采自然资源exploit natural resources
4 短缺（n）shortage / scarcity / dearth / lack
5 消耗（某种资源）consume / deplete(vts)
用尽（某种资源）use up / exhaust(vts)
给资源造成很大压力put a strain on the already stretched resources
破坏自然资源wreak(vt) havoc(n) on natural resources
臭氧层ozone layer
砍伐森林deforestation(n)
污染pollute / contaminate(vts)
有毒的poisonous / toxic(adjs)
污水effluent / sewage
排放discharge
温室效应greenhouse effect / global warming
严重的severe / grave / grievous(adjs)
白色污染产生的垃圾non-biodegradable garbage / wastes that cannot decompose or breakdown/inorganic trash
恶化deteriorate / aggravate前者为自身恶化，后者为被恶化
6 可再生资源renewable resources
不可再生资源non-renewable resources(包括金属metals,矿产minerals,石油petroleum,
天然气natural gas,煤coal,等后三种可总称为fossil fuels)
7 各国必须携手解决环境问题countries on this planet must join forces/
makes a concerted effort / unite(vi) to combat / tackle / resolve / address(vts) environmental problems 谴责而不是纵容condermn rather than condone(vts) sth
严厉的措施harsh action / measures
增强公众关于。。。的意识raise / elevate the public awareness of sth
Tourism
1 旅游景点tourist attractions / tourist spots / places of interest
开阔眼界push back / ex pand one’s vision / horizons
游客与当地人的互动tourists can interact with the locals
促进文化交流promote cultural communication
吸引draw / attract / appeal to (vts)/be a magnet for somebody
亲身体验(n) first-hand experience
多种感官体验的（如听觉，触觉等）multi-sensory(adj)
相互了解mutual understanding
2 把游客和当地人隔离seclude/isolate(vts) the tourist from the locals
商业化commercialise / commodity(vts)
欺骗游客的手段tourist traps
冲突conflict (n,vi+with) 争端(n) discord / dissension
间接体验（如通过电视或互联网n）srcond-hand experience / vicarience experience
文化遗产cultural heritage
互联网不会让旅游业过时the Internet will not render tourism obsolete
Women & Families
1 两性平等gender equality
性别歧视sexism / gender discrimination
一个开明的社会 a progressive / enlightened society
2 被家务事拖累be tied down by household chores
生育孩子child bearing(n)
抚养孩子child rearing(n)
母性的本能maternal instinct
家务housework / household chores
抚养子女的方式parenting
代沟generation gap / disparity
性格冲突personality clashes
3 老年人elderly people / senior citizens
青少年adolescents / youngsters
家庭成员间的情感纽带family bonds / family ties
归属感 a sense of belonging
对。。。依恋（n）an attachment to sth / an affinity for sth
贫穷的家庭deprived family
富裕的家庭affluent families
家庭的培养upbringing
4 虐待mistreat / abuse(vts)
家庭暴力domestic violence
毒品上瘾(n) addiction to drugs / be addicted(adjs) to drugs
单亲家庭single-parent households
濒于破裂或已经破裂的家庭broken families / dysfunctional households
挽救salvage(vt)
Globalistaion
（国家或者地区的）文化特性(national or regional) cultural identity
全球文化同一化过程(n,即地区文化特征消失) global cultural homogenization(n) 文化同一性（或叫文化均质性）cultural homogeneity / cultural uniformity 全球化是一把双刃剑Globalisation is a two-edged sword
地球村the global village
席卷一切的潮流sweeping trends
有机结合东西方文化synthesize the Asian and Western culture
侵蚀erode(v) 普遍的universal(adj)
Development
1 生活节奏加速the tempo / pace of life has accelerated
疲劳fatigue(n)
抑郁症depression
失眠sleeplessness / sleep-deprivation / insomnia(n)
导致人与人之间疏远create（vt）alienation(n) between people
过于功利的materialistic / mercenary / money-worshipping(adjs)
追求最大限度利润pursue(vt) maximum profit
交通堵塞traffic jams / traffic congestions / gridlock最后一个是不可数名词
阻碍(v) impede / hinder / hamper / obstruct / inhibit(vts)
让人担心的worrying / worrisome / disturbing / disquieting / disconcerting(adjs)
危害，破坏（v）undermine / spoil / do a disservice to sth / ruin / imperil /
endanger / jeopardise(BrE) 都是vts
危害，破坏（n）harm / damage / destruction / devastation
恶化（v）worsen(vi,vt) / deteriorate(vi)
导致某种问题更加恶化amplify(vt) / magnify(vt) / ecacerbate(vt) / aggravate(vt) a problem
缓解ease / alleviate / mitigate(vts)
2 有特殊审美价值的老房子old building of special aesthetic value （审美观是aesthetic values复数）有特殊历史意义的老房子building of historic significance
居民vernacular dwellings
让城市更美观beautify(vt) the cities / better(vt) the cityscape
破旧的（房子）decrepit / rundown / rickety / dilapidated(adjs)
拆除tear down a building / demolish a building / raze a building / knock down a building
高楼high-rise buildings
摩天楼skyscrapers
城市化unbanisation(n)
城乡差距the disparity(n) between the city and the countryside
城市的urban
乡村的rural
搬迁relocate(vi,vt)
3 在家上班（v）telecommute(vi)
休闲leisure / recreation 娱乐entertainment / diversion
精神上的享受（n）amusement and enjoyment(n) 宽松的管理(n) laissez-faire management(n)
运营成本（n）operating costs / overhead cost
雇用（v）recruit(vt)
会导致效率降低的（adj）counterproductive 劳动力资源labour(BrE) pool
4 人口爆炸population explosion(n) / population boom
控制人口birth control / family planning
贫穷的needy / poverty-stricken / impoverished / deprived / destitude / indigent
富裕的affluent / wealthy / well-off
爱慕虚荣的pretentious / ostentatious(adjs)
缺少运动的生活方式sedentary(adj) lifestyle
营养过剩over-nourishment (n)
扶贫poverty alleviation(n)
Language & Culture
1 一种可以通用的语言 a lingua franca / a universal language / a global language
英语被广泛使用the proliferation(n) of English
英语的统治地位the dominant role / the ascendancy / the hegemony of English
方言dialect(n)/vernacular / the indigenous language
小语种将会消亡lesser-known language will become extinct / obsolete (adj.s)
小语种的消亡（n）the extinct / demise of lesser-known languages
2 文化遗产包括有形和无形两种有形的如历史遗址，无形的如风俗习惯、仪式、道德观念等cultural hertiage can be divided into two groups: tangible cultural heritage such as historic sites and intangible cultural heritage such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc.
保护preserve (vt)
祖先forefathers / ancestors 后代descendants / posterity后面一个是不可数名词
3 少数民族ethnic minorities
民族团结the harmony(n) between ethnic groups / races
文化融合cultural integration and synthesis(n)
互相影响interaction
文化多元性cultural diversity
丰富（v）enrich(vt)
狭隘的观念insular / provincial / parochial(adjs) / parochial(adjs) mentality
贬低（v）deprecate / denigrate / minimize the importance of / disparage / trivialize / discredit 。。。不是一成不变的sth. is not set / carved in stone
Government
1 当局authorities(n) 老百姓citizens / the citizenry
规范，管理regulate / administer / overse(vts) 规章制度rules and regulations
实施implement(vt) 立法legislate(vi) / make laws 严禁(v) strictly prohibit / ban altogether 民主开放的政府 a democratic and progressive government 严格的法律stringent laws / legislation
2 为。。。拨款allocate money to sth. / subsidise(vt) / be a patron of / investin / finance(vt) / fund(vt) / dedicate money to sth.
预算budget 税收tax revenue(n)
政府在某方面的开支（n）government spending / expenditure on sth.
削减（v）curtail(vt) 增加augment(vt)
当务之急（n）priority 把。。。当成当务之急give priority to sth.
责任（n）responsibility / obligation
人道主义救援humanitarian (adj) aid (n)
管理administer / regulate
3 军备竞赛arms race(n)
自卫self-defence(BrE,n)
国土安全expansion / aggression(n)
谋求霸权seek / pursue(vts) hegemony(n)
恶性循环 a vicious circle(n)
地区不稳定因素destablising factors
太空竞赛space race(n)
武器weapons / arms / armaments(n)
下岗工人laid-off workers / downsized workers
失业（n）unemployment / joblessness
4 基础设施infrastructure 比如
公共交通系统public transport system(BrE)
电网power grid
石油和天然气管道pinelines
给排水系统water supply and drainage system
Media
1 侵犯隐私violate / intrude on / infringe on someone’s privac y
破坏某人的名誉tarnish / sully / smear / besmirch(vts) one’s reputation
狗仔队paparazzi(复数名词不再加s) 无处不在prevalent / ubiquitous / pervasive(adj) 新闻界the press
印刷媒体（如报纸杂志）the print media
报道新闻的机构news outlets
电子媒体the electronic media
名人 a celebrity / celebrities(plu)
时事current affairs
丑闻scandals
2 审查censor(vt)
删除delete / eliminate / excise(vts)
过多的暴力与色情内容excessive / gratuitous violent and pornographic(adjs) contents
报道非常详尽的细节report sth. In graphic detail
媒体炒作（n）media hype
有误导性的misleading / misrepresented /distorted(adjs)
诈骗性的fraudulent (adj.)
虚假的false / bogus(adj.s)
夸大事实exaggerate(vt) things / sensationalise (vt) things / blow things out of all proportions(较口语) 充斥着be awash with / be inundated with / be saturated with sth.
掩盖（丑闻或罪行等）cover up / gloss over / whitewash
不客观的，不公正的biased / skewed / unobjective(adjs)
3 如实的报道factual accounts(n)
可信的reliable / trustworthy / dependable
客观公正的objective and balanced(adjs)
及时的up-to-the-minute(adj) / up-to-date(adj) 前者比后者更加及时
信息量大的informative
娱乐性强的entertaining(adj)
有新闻价值的newsworthy(adj)
监督scrutiny(n) / scrutinize(vt) / monitor(vt)
揭露expose / reveal(vts)
道德准则（n）code of ethics / code of conduct
Technology
1 生物技术biotechnology
克隆cloning (n) clone(v)
远程通讯telecommunications(n)
尖端的技术cutting-edge(adj) technology
信息爆炸information explosion / overload
信息时代the information age / era
互联网被广泛的应用the proliferation(n) of the Internet
太空探索（n）space exploration
一个人的基因构成one’s genetic makeup/ one’s DNA programming
2 科技创新与发展technological innovations /inventions /advances /progression(n)
提高效率augment / enhance / boost(vts) efficiency
提高生产效率augment / enhance / boots productivity
减少人力的机器（计算机发明之前的技术）labor-saving machinery
取代人力的机器（计算机发明之后的技术）labor-replacing machinery
自动化automation(n) / automated(adj)
3 彻底变革transform / revolutionise (vt.s) / fundamentally change sth.
以一种史无前例的速度向前发展advance / progress(vis) at an unprecedented(adj) rate
如果要说以一种让人震惊的速度向前发展，只要把unprecedented改成astonishing
如果要说正以一种很快的速度向前发展sth is advancing by leaps and bounds
产生深远的影响create / produce / generate / breed / spawn(vts) / result in / lead to/ profound(adj) / far-reaching(adj) / prevasive(adj) influence / impact / bearing / implications / repercussions(n)
EDUCATION
1 传授知识impart(vt.) / inculcate(vt.) knowledge
灌输高尚的道德观instill(vt.) high moral values (注意values复数表示价值观)
给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth.
Motivate the students to do sth.
给学生以灵感stimulate the students’ thought
give the students inspiration
培养（某种素质）cultivate / foster / nurture(vts.)
促进学生身心的发展promote the student’s physical / mental / intellectual and emotional development 心理健康psychological soundness / well-being /welfare(adjs)
塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt) one’s character
责任感 a sense of obligation
能力(先天获得) aptitude / talant
能力（后天学习得到）ability / skill
2 学生接受的学校教育（n）schooling(n) 儿童接受的家庭教育（n） upbringing(n) parenting(n) 教学法methodology / pedagogical methodology
用填鸭式教学来教育学生force-feed(vt.) the students
学生不应只是被动接受简单知识的容器
Students should not be treated as passive recepacles of predigested ideas
死记硬背learn things by rote 为了记忆而记忆memorise(BrE) for memorisation’s own sake 以及方程式，公式，定理，定律memorise (vt.) equations, formulas, theorems and laws(nouns)
应用apply
盲从follow something blindly / indiscriminately(advs)
限制创造力的发展extiguish(vt.) / stifle(vt.) / constrain(vt.) creativity(noun)
打击学生的积极性dampen /sap(vts) the students’ emthusiasm/ frustrate the students
产生不必要的压力beget / creat undue pressure
3 把学生分开教育（如根据课堂上的表现）segregate(vt.) students
来自于其他同学的压力peer pressure
适应（v）adapt to sth. /adjust oneself to sth. /become accustomed to sth.
适应能力adaptability
逆境adverse circumstances / adversity
团队精神team spirit(n)
独立思考thing independently(adv)
在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding
鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage students to think critically(adv)
学生的反馈students’ feedback/ input
学生评价老师的教学students appraise / evaluate(vts) their teachers’ performance
学生对老师所教知识的掌握students’ grasp/ command(n) of what has been taught
4 学生学习的各门功课加在一起称为curriculum(n) 具体一门课叫syllabus
课外活动叫extra-curricular activities
学校是社会的缩影 a school is society in miniature
不遵守纪律(n) indiscipline / misbehavior / mischief(n)
不遵守纪律(daj)的学生disruptive / unruly students
5 理论知识theoretical knowledge
就业技能employable / marketable skills
通才generalist 专才specialist
全面发展的well-rounded / versatile(adj)
为社会健康发展作贡献contribute to societal(adj) well-being(n) / welfare(n)
6 大学学科的分类可以分为大学里任何一个学科都有可以叫discipline
人文学科（文学，历史语言学等）humanities
社会学科（政治经济学社会学的）social sciences
艺术（音乐雕塑等）arts
文科也可以总称为liberal arts / liberal studies
理科（物理化学生物学等）sciences
工科（工程自动化等）engineering
基础科学basic sciences
应用科学applied sciences
小学教育 primary-level education /中学secondary-level education /大学 tertiary-level education 职业教育vocational education/training
青少年（复数）youths/youngsters/adolescents
1 家长给小孩的教育parenting n. 2 学校对学生的教育schooling n. 3 培养cultivate vt. 4 意识awareness = sense = recognition n. 5 有创造力的creative / original adj. 6 身体的physical adj. 7 心理的psychological adj. 8 同龄人peer n. 9 动力motivation n. （形容词motivated, 有动力的） 10 适应... adapt to 提供…. afford sth. v. 11 纪律discipline n. 12 记忆memorise(英式拼写) vt. 13 获得acquire vt. （后面经常加knowledge / skills） 14 有趣的stimulating adj. （在教育类作文中经常可以替代 interesting） Media 15 形容词“无处不在的”prevalent adj. 经常可以代替everywhere 16 客观的objective adj. 17 不客观的biased adj. 18 名人celebrity n. 19 记者journalists n. 20 新闻界the press 21 报道coverage n. （动词是cover） 22 有误导性的misleading adj. 23 可靠的dependable adj. 24 非常及时的up-to-the-minute adj. sway vt. 25 媒体影响公众经常用sway后 面加宾语的表达 26 信息量大的informative adj. 27 娱乐性强的entertaining adj. Technology 28 改变transform vt. 代替change 29 突破breakthrough n. 30 发展advance v. & n. 31 惊人的速度 a staggering rate 32 信息爆炸information overload 33 提高，增强enhance = boost vt. 34 创新，发明innovations n. 35 远程通讯telecommunications n. 36 高生产率的（它的名词 productive adj. productivity生产率在科技类 话题也很常用）
附录二十大话题 教育类（education） https://www.doczj.com/doc/874414110.html,pulsory education 义务教育 2. vocational education 职业教育 3. academic performance 学业表现 4. non-academic affairs 与学习无关的事情 5. puppy/ calf love 早恋 6. corporal punishment 体罚 7. tuition fee 学费 8. parents’ supervision 父母的监督 9. individual tutorship 个人辅导 10. turning point 转折点 11. the pursuit of knowledge 对知识的追求 12. maintain / disrupt classroom order 维护、扰乱课堂秩序 13. coeducational /single sex establishment 男女共校、单一性别学校 14. generation gap 代沟 15. indulge in 沉迷（表示“溺爱” 后面直接加宾语） 16. play truant 逃学 17. school shootings 校园枪击 18. broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野 19. the hardship and bitterness of life 生活的艰辛和苦难 20. appropriate advice and guidance 恰当的建议和指导 21. cultivate independence 培养独立性 22. a good habit of frugality 节约的好习惯 23. distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非 24. shoulder the responsibility of 肩负…… 的责任 25. be prone to do 容易做某事 26. go astray 误入歧途 27. violate social conventions and laws 违反社会习俗和法律 28. cast a shadow on one’s heart 在心中留下阴影 29. resist the temptation of 抵制……的诱惑 30. interpersonal skills 人际交往的技巧 31. peer pressure 同辈的压力 32. formative years 性格形成期 33. physically and emotionally immature 身心不成熟 34. a sense of superiority 优越感 35.socially adaptable 能适应社会的 36. adjust teaching methods 调整教学方法 37. exert a negative impact on 产生消极影响 38. juvenile crime=juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquent 青少年犯罪者 39. a sense of belonging 归属感 40. qualified and experienced teachers 称职、有经验的老师 41. first class teaching facilities 一流的教学设施 42. education reform 教育改革 科技类（science and technology） 1.artificial intelligence 人工智能（artificial 人工的、人造的、非天然的） 2.side effects 副作用 3.technological revolution 科技革命
慎小嶷十天突破雅思口语总结1
General Introduction 标准：It's not what you say. It's how you say it. 流利度、语法、发音、词汇量 （7分是快速思考后较为连贯地说出来的，但中间会有呼吸和短暂思考需要的自然停顿。和考官的交流比较充分而且已经有一定的层次关系，但允许出现不导致严重误解的语法、用词或发音错误） 注意事项： 1. 注意一些小短语： work out let sb. down pile up liven up polish up (=improve) crack sb. up (=make sb. laugh) hand down from wind down (=relax) 2. 不要使用过于口语化的表示 eg. wanna, ain't, gal, yucky 3. 如果没有听懂考官问的问题 Could you please rephrase the question? Well, my best guess would be...... Part 1: Chat；确保每道题平均能回答3句话左右 Topics: Studies, Work, Buildings, People Entertainment, Weather & Seasons, Hometown, Reading & Writing Food, Age, Arts, Colours Nature, Collection, Clothing, Traveling Sports & Outdoor activities, Pets, Festivals & Holidays & Parties, Shopping
在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中，连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准，连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段（即连接词）来实现的。连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识，在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难，那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法，学连接词就简便得多。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词，副词，介词和短语，它们各自的用法又不一样。 连词 如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。 例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词) 段落开始：But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首) 介词 如before, despite：后接名词或动名词 例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment. 副词 副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句） 例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.( 副词另起一句) The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. ( 副词在并列句中) 短语 如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样 例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion. The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. ( 短语在并列句中) 掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后，连接词的教学和运用就容易展开。我们可以参看考官范文，看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词，使文章凸显出来。 因果关系 根据词性及用法可归结于: because / since/ as / for, so (连词), because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of (介词) for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly (短语和副词) 例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）
General Knowledge 注意： 1. 作文要有实质内容。 2. 6分：260~270个词左右；6.5分：280个词以上。 3. 没有必要一定写长难句，但要提高句子的准确度和多样性。必须在对英语造句知识准确理解和把握的基础上流畅地写出复杂的长句子，而不是刻意、机械地拉长句子。（准确、严密、多样、清晰） 4. 对于零星出现的少量拼写错误，只要不引起歧义，是不会导致严重扣分的，但要努力减少作文里出现拼写错误的可能。 5. 考场里没有时间打草稿，但可以在印考题的试题纸上把看到题目后头脑里闪现出的ideas、考前准备的相关加分词汇和句型大致记录一下。 6. 当考官要求停笔时即使还没有写完也一定要停下来，否则会被判为违纪行为。 7. 考前练习一定要尽可能模拟实战：下载标准格式的答题纸；用铅笔写作，每行10~12个单词；严格控制时间，Task 1不应超过25 min，Task 2不应超过45 min。备考初期，可将Task 1和Task 2分开练习，但在考前一周内，必须演练完整的写作考试全程，严格控制时间，写完后再核对或请有经验的老师批改。 8.
如果Task 2准备得较为充分，有信心在40min写出一篇自己满意的议论文，那么就先完成Task 2。反之，就先写Task 1。 9. 齐头式：每段开头顶格写，每两段之间空一行 缩入式：每段开头后退3~4个字母的距离，每个段落之间不空行 10. 可使用I/we、被动语态，但不宜滥用；可将But/So放在句首 11. 7分或以上的作文对于用词的要求是准确，而不是冗长 ?Topics ?学术类写作的特殊要求 1. 不接受缩写形式 2. 不使用非正式口语表达 3. 英美拼写不能混淆 4. 用词要有特色 5. 句式不能过于短促 6. 句式不能过于干瘪 7. 感情色彩不能过于强烈
雅思写作中常用英文连接单词的替换词 一、And 并列关系 (and)in addition // and // similarly // likewise moreover // too // not only ... but // even // besides this／that 二、Sequence 顺序(then) 出现的时候表示列举 first // initially // second etc. // to begin with // then // next // earlier／later // following this／that // afterwards 三、Consequence 结果（so） 前面是后面的结果// 也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了 as a result // thus // so // therefore // consequently // it follows that // thereby // eventually // in that case // admittedly 四、Contrast 转折(but ) 表对前面论述的转折// 一般后面才是作者观点 however // on the other hand // despite// in spite of // though // although // but // on the contrary // otherwise // yet // instead of // rather // whereas // nonetheless // in contrast 五、Certainty 确定(of course) 强烈的确定// 后面是作者的坚定论点 obviously // certainly // plainly // of course // undoubtedly 六、Condition 条件/ 因为(if ) 后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。 if // unless // whether // provided that // Given that // for // so that // whether // depending on 七、Time 时间(when ) before // since // as // until // meanwhile// at the moment // when // whenever // as soon as // just as 八、Summary 总结(in a word) 作者的最后总结 in conclusion // in summary // lastly // finally // to sum up // to conclude // to recapitulate 重述// in short // in a word 九、Example 举例(for example) for example // for instance// just as // in particular // such as // namely 也就是 十、Reason 原因( because) since // as // so // because (of) // due to // owing to // the reason why // in other words // leads to // cause 雅思写作部分高频词汇、短语替换 ★高频形容词： 1.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2.富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
雅思小作文必备词汇 图表chart = graph = diagram 直线line 曲线curve 柱bar /column 饼pie 表table = figures = statistics the thin（细线） / thick（粗线） / broken（虚线） / dotted（点线） line 表明，表示，阐明show , give information about，reveal，indicate，demonstrate 直线图类词汇 (上升类动词)Increase------------ decrease (下降类动词) go up-------------- go down rise up-------------- fall down climb-----------------slide ascend --------------decline keep an upward tendency ----keep a downward tendency 波动动词类：fluctuate fluctuate upward / downward（波动向上/向下） 保持平稳类动词： keep / remain / maintain / stay unchanged / constant / stable（形容词，不变的） 修饰动词的副词： slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically急剧地， 修饰名词的形容词： slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic 大约，大概，左右类词汇：almost / approximately / around / roughly / more or less / nearly 时间from … to …/during the period/ between … and … / starting from ….
PAT的五月写作预测 1 Good health is a basic human need. Some people think that healthcare services should be provided by the government rather than by private companies. Do you agree or disagree? 2 Some people believe that only the fittest and strongest individuals and teams can succeed in sports. Others think that success in sports depends on mental attitudes. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 3 Animal experiments have been used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of many other products. Some people think that these experiments should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 4 Sending children to boarding schools is becoming increasingly popular. What are the causes of this trend? Do you think it is a positive or negative trend? 5 Today, many young people leave school with a negative attitude towards learning. What are the causes of this? Suggest some solutions. 6 Some people believe that students should study a wide range of subjects. Others, however, argue that students should focus on the subjects they are best at or they find most interesting. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 7 Students from rural areas often find it difficult to access university education. Some people think that universities should make it easier for them to access higher education. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 8 Some parents today choose to send their children to private schools. Do the advantages of private schools outweigh the disadvantages? 9 Mobile phones and the Internet are useful tools. However, not many elderly people use them. In what ways can mobile phones and the Internet be useful to elderly people? How can elderly people be encouraged to use them? 10 Early technological developments helped ordinary people and changed their lives more than recent technological developments. Do you agree or disagree? 11 Cheap air travel is increasingly popular in the world today. To what extent do you think the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?
雅思写作常用同义词替换100个 1. people=individuals 人们 (Those who) 2. many people=a majority of people = most of people大多数人 3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词） 4. a great number of=a large amount/quantity of=considerable amount o f= a large variety of很多（可数名词） 5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的 6. expensive=pricy 贵的 7. thing=item=goods 东西，物品 8. humans=human beings=human race=mankind 人类 9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to=aid to 有助于（动词） 10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词） 11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)=do good to/be good for 有好处的（形容词） 12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词）
13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold=maintain=consider=take for=agree认为 15. oppose=object to=be against=disagree 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned=in the eyes of 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=in my point of view=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develop(s)=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…advances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词） 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副词） 21. in addition=besides=furthermore=moreover=apart from=in spite of= Despite=what’s more 此外（提出新信息） 22. because=as=for=since 因为（加句子） 23. because of=due to=owing to=thanks to =attribute to 因为（加名词）
General Knowledge ?注意： 1. 作文要有实质容。 2. 6分：260~270个词左右；6.5分：280个词以上。 3. 没有必要一定写长难句，但要提高句子的准确度和多样性。必须在对英语造句知识准确理解和把握的基础上流畅地写出复杂的长句子，而不是刻意、机械地拉长句子。（准确、严密、多样、清晰） 4. 对于零星出现的少量拼写错误，只要不引起歧义，是不会导致严重扣分的，但要努力减少作文里出现拼写错误的可能。 5. 考场里没有时间打草稿，但可以在印考题的试题纸上把看到题目后头脑里闪现出的ideas、考前准备的相关加分词汇和句型大致记录一下。 6. 当考官要求停笔时即使还没有写完也一定要停下来，否则会被判为违纪行为。 7. 考前练习一定要尽可能模拟实战：下载标准格式的答题纸；用铅笔写作，每行10~12个单词；严格控制时间，Task 1不应超过25 min，Task 2不应超过45 min。备考初期，可将Task 1和Task 2分开练习，但在考前一周，必须演练完整的写作考试全程，严格控制时间，写完后再核对或请有经验的老师批改。 8.
如果Task 2准备得较为充分，有信心在40min写出一篇自己满意的议论文，那么就先完成Task 2。反之，就先写Task 1。 9. 齐头式：每段开头顶格写，每两段之间空一行 缩入式：每段开头后退3~4个字母的距离，每个段落之间不空行 10. 可使用I/we、被动语态，但不宜滥用；可将But/So放在句首 11. 7分或以上的作文对于用词的要准确，而不是冗长 ?Topics ?学术类写作的特殊要求 1. 不接受缩写形式 2. 不使用非正式口语表达 3. 英美拼写不能混淆 4. 用词要有特色 5. 句式不能过于短促 6. 句式不能过于干瘪
雅思大作文范文三篇雅思大作文写 正题： ESSAY分为三部分： 1.Introduction 2.Body 3.Conclusion 一篇学术性论文当中，这三部分是必须要有的，同理在考试中才能得高分。 那么什么是introduction呢，之前看书说是把题目用替换词带入照抄，后来发现这是傻瓜式写法，对于要求写作7分以上的同学并不适用。真正的introduction是“present your viewpoint”那么怎样来present呢？继续。 第一步：lead-in background information即导入背景信息。 看这个例子：
Some people think visitors to other countries should imitate local custom and behaviors. Some people degree. They think the host country should wele culture different. Discuss the two views，and give your own opinion.. 这个论文题目里， tourism 就是一个背景信息，所以我们introduction里第一句就该来介绍或者叫导入背景信息，即 tourism的信息。例如： Tourism has became an indispensable part in our modern world.或者Tourism is gradually considered to be a hot topic 第二步：narrow down information即从大背景信息里提出你要去论证的方面。还是上面给出的题目，你要narrow down出来的就是：“people show more concern to their two views. Some of them think visitors to others nations should imitate local custom and behaviors，but others argue that the host nation should wele various cultures” 第三步：your viewpoint即给出你自己的立场。例如上题你就 可以说：“As far as I am concerned，I side with the former”
前进类（用来论证advantage好的方面） 1 Benefit from从…当中获益 Many children suffer from this illness will benefit from the new treatment. 这个句型刚好与is benefit to…主语和宾语相反 2 Invest in 对…投资 The government should invest a large proportion of its budget in helping the needy, despite the economic recession. 近义词：subsidise /sponsor /allocate money to 反义词：withdrew /suspend the funding of 3 Promote the development of 促进…的发展 例句:Even though the city invested millions of pounds in museums and art galleries, it had done little to promoting the development of education and medical care. 4 Boost efficiency / productivity 提高效率生产率 The main question about high-tech education is whether it actually boosts the efficiency and the effectiveness of learning. 近义词：enhance efficiency / productivity
慎小嶷范文部分总结 1、Life was better when technology was simpler. To what extent do you agree of disagree? Modern technology has revolutionized life in three main fields: work, transport and communication. Although modern technology is often blamed for stress and alienation, I doubt that many people would want to turn back the clock to the pre-technological age. Despite the fact that life was simpler in former times, I would prefer not to return to that lifestyle, because that simplicity was due to a lack of choice. Before large jet airliners came in in the 1960s, for example, air travel was beyond the reach of most people. Before electronic cash registers, people had to spend a lot of time on math calculations to carry out transactions. Furthermore, our knowledge o f the world around us, especially foreign countries, was sketchy before television brought us the vivid images of documentaries. Modern technology has brought liberation from the exhausting and boring labor and has set us free to enjoy more interesting work and leisure. It is nor even always true that modern technology is more complex to use than it was to perform household chores. Caring for a horse was a far more complicated and time-consuming matter than starting up a car and taking it to the petrol station for its 5,000-mile household chores. Caring for a horse was a far more complicated and time-consuming matter than starting up a car and taking it to the petrol station for its 5,000-mile service. One has to read the novel from past times to realize the anxiety and frustration that result from transport systems limited to the speed of the horses. The example I have given are just a few of that can illustrate the case that modern technology makes life more convenient. Probably what can may the people yearn for the good old past simple ways I forces us to speed up our pace of life. But sometimes this change can be resisted, when we set ourselves simple priorities and stick to them. 2、Some people think intelligent students should be educated together with other students. Do you agree or disagree? It is not uncommon for talented students to get admitted to gift programs today. Letting talented students take special courses make sense to some extent. They need a more challenging curriculum as they are fast learners and their learning process requires little repetition of the information that has been taught by the teacher. If they find the too easy form them to handle, these intelligent children will end up learning little or nothing ar all. As a matter of fact, many students who are inattentive in class are intelligent ones. Regular courses simply fail to attract their attention. Then form a purely psychological point of view, intelligent students also feel more comfortable if there are separate classes for them. They would feel isolated and become oversensitive if they spent all their class time with their ordinary peers. This is often true because smart children not only have different learning pattern, their communication patterns tend to be different from those of the ordinary students as well. Still, it should be pointed out that segregating intelligent student from their peers is nor without its own downside. Some educators believe such classes will be drained of student leaders and role models. Segregation on the basis of IQ may even send a message to those who take regular courses that their work is not as valued as the intelligent students’, which will lower the average students’ self-esteem. Overall, I would suggest that gifted students spend their class time with their peers. But in addition to that, they should be encouraged to take electives that challenge them mentally. 3、Some people think citizens should be totally responsible for their own health costs. Others think it is better to have a health care system which provides free health services for all. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. A much debated issue these days is whether citizens should take out private health insurance of not. In this essay, I will argue that people who can afford it should be privately insured, but free medical care must be made available for those too poor to do so. The most important reason for encouraging people to take out private health insurance is the cost to the