1. According to Ur, there are the following four common characteristics in designing successful speaking tasks: maximum foreign talk, even participation, high motivation and right language level.
2. In order to make reading more efficient, the students need the following strategic skills: distinguishing the main idea from supporting details, skimming (reading for the gist or main idea), style(s) (reading to look for specific information) and predicting.
3. In the past century, language teaching and learning practices have been influenced by three different views of language: the structural/ functional view, the functional/ structural view and the interactional view.
4. Hedge discusses five main components of communicative competence: linguistic competence, pragmatic competence, . discourse
competence, strategic competence and fluency.
5. In ELT classroom, writing is often seen as a means to consolidate language that is recently studied. This kind of writing is seen as “writing as language learning”, or pseudo writing. Whilst in reality, most writing is for communication, that is, to convey messages or for self creation.
6. The most common types of student grouping are lockstep, pair/ group work, group / pair work and individual study.
7. The new curriculum is designed to promote the students’ overall language ability, which is composed of five interrelated components, namely, language skills, language. knowledge, affects, learning strategies and cultural understanding.
8. Grammar practice is usually divided into two categories, mechanical practice which is aimed at form accuracy and meaningful practice which is focused on the production, comprehension or exchange of meaning.
9. Generally speaking, listening in real life has the following characteristics: spontaneity, context visual clues, listener’s response and speaker’s adjustment.
10. Ideally, lesson planning should be done at two levels: macro planning and micro planning. The former is planning over a long period of time while the latter is planning for a specific unit or a lesson which usually lasts a short period of time.
II. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (20x1’=20’)
1. To achieve successful listening, the listener not only needs to understand what is directly expressed, but to identify what is indirectly meant such as the relationship between speakers, the moods or attitudes of the speakers. T
2. We judge the correctness of a sentence not in terms of its grammar, but in terms of whether it is suitable for a particular situation. T
3. As students’ mistakes will lead to bad learning habits, language teacher has to correct students’ mistakes whenever they appear. F
4. No matter how nice a learning environment your classroom may be, without sound organization, no successful learning can take place. T
5.Teaching plan is very useful for inexperienced teachers, but unnecessary for experienced teachers. F
6. Disciplin
e means a series of punishment meted out to badly-behaved students. F
7.When teaching pronunciation, students should not be led to focus on reading and writing phonetic transcripts of words, especially young students. T
8. Children do not learn grammar rules when they acquire their first language, so they do not need to learn them either when learning a foreign language. F
9.It is possible to find a single best way in foreign language teaching. F
10. Students learn English best when they are provided with opportunities to participate in communicative use of English in a wide range of activities. T
11. Languages consist of “words” with equivalents from one language to another. F
12. Anyone who is an expert in speaking and writing English is sure to be a good teacher of English. F
13. The goal of CLT is to develop students’ communicative competence, which includes both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situations. T
14. In learning language, learners need to study the patterns and rules of language above the sentence level to learn how language is used in different speech contexts. T
15. Teachers should expect their students to produce accurate language every time they speak. F
16. Lack of cultural knowledge may affect the rate of reading comprehension. T
17. Textbooks are often considered as indispensable (不可缺少的) tool for learning. They are unquestionably and absolutely reliable sources of authority. So, as teachers, we should be rigidly faithful to anything the textbooks tell us to do. F
18. For communicative activities to take place in English classroom, the teacher needs to start from controlled structural activities to social problem solving activities. T
19. Integrating the four skills emphasizes the focus on realistic language and can therefore lead to the students’ all-round development of communicative competence in English. T
20. When students are doing activities at the production stage, the teacher does not need to control the class. F
1-5 T T F T F 6-10 F T F F T 11-15 F F T T F 16-20 T F T T F
III．Give brief answers to the following questions. (5×6’=30’)
1）Based on your understanding of the new English curriculum, what do you think the challenges would be for English language teachers?
a) Teachers are expected to change their views about language which is not a system of linguistic knowledge but a means for communication.
b) They are expected to change their traditional role of a knowledge transmitter to a multi-role educator.
c) They are expected to use more task-based activities and put the students in the centre of learning.
d) They are expected to use more formative assessment in addition to using tests.
e) They are expected to use modern technology in teaching, creating more effective resources for learning and for using the language.
2) Many writing tas
ks in existing English textbooks fail to have a communicative element due to a lot of deficiencies. Please explain the main problems in all these writing tasks.
a) They are mainly accuracy-based.
b) They are designed to practise certain target structures.
c) There is insufficient preparation before the writing stage.
d) There is no sense of audience
e) There is no sense of authenticity.
f) There is no opportunity for creative writing, particularly for expressing unusual or original ideas.
3) What is called constructivist theory of learning?
The constructivist theory believes that learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning based on his/her own experiences and what he or she already knows. It is believed that education is used to develop the mind, not just to rote recall what is learned. John Dewey believed that teaching should be built based on what learners already knew and engage learners in learning activities. Teachers need to design environments and interact with learners to foster inventive, creative, critical learners. Therefore, teachers must balance an understanding of the habits, characteristics as well as personalities of individual learners with an understanding of the means of arousing learners’ interests and curiosity for learning.
4) What are the main roles teachers can play before, during and after the class?
Before the class, the teacher is a planner, who plans what to teach, how to teach, and what result to achieve. After then class, the teacher is an evaluator, who evaluates not only how successfully he/she has conducted the class but also how efficient the learning activities have been. Based on the functions that the teacher performs in different activities during the class, Harmer defines the teacher’s roles as controller, assessor, organizer, prompter, participant and resource-provider (Harmer, 1983).
5) What is called the deductive method of presenting grammar in the classroom? Please give an example to show how to present a grammatical item in inductive method.
The deductive method relies on reasoning, analyzing and comparing. First, the teacher writes an example on the board or draws attention to an example in the textbook. Then teacher explains the underlying rules regarding the forms and positions of certain structural words. The explanations are often done in the student’s native language and using grammatical terms. Sometimes, comparisons are made between the native language and the target language or between the newly presented structure and previously learned structures. Finally the students practise applying the rule to produce sentences with given prompts.
IV. Lesson Planning:
a 45-minute reading teaching lesson plan should include the following aspects:
a) The objectives of the lesson 教学目标b) The classroom teaching aids 教学辅助手段
c) The time assignment 时间分配d) The teaching procedures 教学过程
e) The layout of the blackboard板书设计
advant
age travel
.一 Fill in each blank of the following statements with an appropriate word or phrase. (20x1’=20’)
1. In real language use we use all skills, including the receptive skills of listening and reading, and the productive skills of speaking and writing.
2. The elements that contribute to the qualities of a good language teacher can be categorized into three groups: ethic devotion, professional quality and personal style.
3. Based on the functions that teacher performs in different activities, Harmer defines teacher’s roles as controller, assessor, organizer, prompter, participant, and resource-provider and instructor.
4. Ideally, lesson planning should be done at two levels: macro planning and micro planning.
5. There are three types of reading models: bottom-up approach, top--down approach and the interactional process of reading.
6. In language teaching, we have identified two ways of integrating the four skills: simple integration and complex integration.
7. Among the methods for teaching grammar, deductive method and inductive method have been discussed and used most frequently.
8. Dell Hymes added the term “ communicative competence” to the language of Applied Linguistics, to show that “linguictic competence” (knowledge of the language systems and forms) is not enough if we want to be able to use a language appropriately.
9. The procedure of teaching new language items can be idealized into three stages known as the PPP model, that is,presentation, practice and production.
10. In the past half century, language teaching and learning practices have been influenced by three different views of language: the functional view, the structural view and the interactional view.
II. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). (10x2’=20’)
1. No matter how nice a learning environment your classroom may be, without sound organization, no successful learning can take place. T
2. Teaching plan is very useful for the inexperienced teachers, but unnecessary for experienced teachers. F
3. The interactional view considers language as a communicative tool, whose main use is to build up and maintain social relations between people. T
4. It is possible to find a single best way in foreign language teaching. F
5. It is difficult for students to memorize language materials that are meaningful. F
6. Vocabulary must be taught in isolation, separated from the situation, usage and function. F
7. Teaching and learning grammar should focus on practice rather than the study of grammar itself. T
8. Generally speaking, learners of English as a foreign language can acquire native-like pronunciation. F
9. Students learn English best when they are provided with opportunities to participate in communicative use of English in a wide range of activities. T
10. Teachers should expect their students to produce accurate language every time they speak. F
III．Give brief an
swers to the following questions. (5×6’=30’)
1) There are four major principles behind good lesson planning. What are they?
Variety: various activities and materials to ensure high motivation and interest.
?Flexibility: more teaching methods and don not read your teaching plan.
Learn ability: the planned contents and tasks should be within the learning capability of the students. (slightly higher than the present proficiency of the students). Doing things that are beyond or below the ss’ coping ability will diminish their motivation (Schumann, 1999)
Linkage: the teaching steps should be linked with each other. Coherence.
2) What is called mechanical practice? What are the main types of mechanical practice?
Mechanical practice involves activities that are aimed at form accuracy. By doing mechanical practice, the students pay repeated attention to a key element in a structure. Substitution and transformation drills are most frequently used in mechanical practice.
3) What is communicative competence?
According to Hymes, besides grammatical rules, language use is governed by rules of use, which ensure that the desired or intended functions are performed and the language used is appropriate to the context. Hymes thinks that communicative competence includes the following four aspects:
1. Knowing whether or not something is formally possible (grammatically acceptable);
2. Knowing whether something is understandable to human beings;
3. knowing whether something is in line with social norms;
4. Knowing whether or not something is in fact done: Do people actually use language this way?
Communicative competence entails knowing not only the language code or the form of language, but also what to say to whom and how to say it appropriately in any given situation.
4) What are the main characteristics of listening in real life? Try to use simple words to explain them
Spontaneity—we listen to people speaking spontaneously and informally without rehearsing what they are going to say ahead of time.
Context—the context of listening is usually known in real life.
Visual clues—Most of the time we can see the speakers’ facial expressions, gestures and other body language as well as the surrounding environment.
Listener’s response—The listener can have responses to the speaker’s speech.
Speaker’s adjustment—The speaker can adjust the way of speaking according to the listener’s reactions.
5) What does Critical Period Hypothesis mean?
Critical Period Hypothesis states that if humans do not learn a foreign language before a certain age (perhaps around puberty), then due to changes such as maturation of the brain, it becomes impossible to learn the foreign language like a native speak.
IV. Write a teaching plan for the following passage. The teaching plan should include the following five parts: (30’)
1) The objectives of the lesson (5%)2) The classroom teaching aids (2%)3) The time assignment (5%)4) The teaching
procedure (15%)5) The layout of the blackboard (3%)
至少要包括所给的五个要求，并且步骤清晰，每一步骤都有具体操作内容。本题满分二十分，踩点给分。
1) 有明确的教学目，给5分。2) 准备必要的教具，给2 分。
3) 时间分配合理，给5 分。4) 教学步骤具体得当，给15 分。) 板书规范，大方，给3 分。
I. Fill in each blank of the following statements with an appropriate word. (20x1’’=20’)
1. receptive 2. productive 3. qualities/quality 4. style(s)
5. assessor/prompter 6. prompter/assessor 7. macro / micro 8. micro / macro
9.bottom-up/top-down 10.top-down/bottom-up 11. simple 12. complex
13.deductive/inductive 14. inductive/deductive 15. communicative 16. linguistic
17. presentation 18. practice 19. structural/ functional 20. functional/ structural
II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (20x1’=20’)
1-5 T F T F F 6-10 F T F T F