英语的句子种类：肯定句和否定句
定义含否定词的句子称为否定句（Negative Sentence），不含否定词的句子就称为肯定句（Affirmative Sentence）。例如：
例：Mr. Walker is an Englishman.
（华克先生是英国人。——肯定句）
例：He is not an American.
（他不是美国人。——否定句）
简单地说，表达事物的“Yes”这一面的句子就是肯定句，“No”的一面的就叫做否定句。
传统的英语入门都是先学肯定句，然后再学肯定句的反面，亦就是否定句。
否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的两种。
（1）使用副词否定词“not”，例如：
（a）be，have为主要动词：
例：I am not a good swimmer.
（我不是一个游泳的好手。）
例：He was not at home yesterday afternoon.
（昨天下午他不在家。）
例：I have not much money.
（我没有很多钱。）
例：He has not many friend here.
（在这里他没有很多朋友。）
解说“be/have +not”常缩短成一词，尤其是日常谈话更是如此。例如：
例：You aren't [a:nt] a friend of his, are you ?
（你不是他的朋友吧，是不是？）
例：He isn't [>!znt] my brother.
（他不是我的兄弟。）
例：I wasn't [>w&znt] there at that time.
（当时我没有在那儿。）
例：There weren't [w+:nt] many people at the party yesterday.
（昨天没有很多人参加宴会。）
“am +not”不是“amn't”，而是“aren't”或“ain't[eint]”，例如：
例：I ain't ready.
（我还没准备好。）
例：I am very nice to you, aren't I?
（我对你很不错，是不是？）
美国人用“ain't”很随便，应该是“are not，is not，have not，has not”的地方，他们也会“ain't”一下就带过去，宜注意。
下面例句是“have not，has not”的缩短形。
例：I haven't[>h$vnt] a headache.
（我没有头痛。）
例：He hasn't[>h$znt] come yet.
（他还没来。）
（b）be，have为助动词
例：You aren't going to go to her birthday party, are you?
（你不打算参加她的生日宴会，是不是？）
例：It isn't raining outside.
（外面没有在下雨。）
例：She wasn't asked to speak at the meeting.
（她没有被请求在会上讲话。）
例：I haven't done anything wrong to her.
（他没有做对不起她的事。）
例：He hasn't yet paid the money.
（他尚未付钱。）
be+ V -ing（进行时），be +P.P.（过去分词）（被动词态），have（has，had）+P.P.（完成时）等的“be，have（has，had）”皆为助动词。例1的“be going to …”在学校文法中也常被视为助动词。
（c）“助动词+V”时
动词带有助动词“will，shall，can，may，must，need，dare，ought to，used to，had better”等时，将“not”置于助动词与主要动词之间。例如：
例：I will not do it again.
I won't[wount] do it again.
（我不愿意再做这种事。）
例：The old man cannot find his way home.
（那个老人找不到回家的路。）
例：I couldn't sleep last night.
（昨夜我无法入睡。）
例：You ought not to swim in the river.
（你不应该在河里游泳。）
例：You had better not tell her everything.
（你最好不要样样事情都告诉她。）
注：“can”的否定形式是“cannot or can't”，不可写成“can not or cann't”。
（d）使用助动词“do”的否定句
一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”，句式如下：
句型do（does, did）+not + V（原形动词）
例：I don't know her very well.
（我并不很了解她。）
例：He doesn't like Chinese tea very much.
（他并不很喜欢中国茶。）
例：She didn't come to school this morning.
（今天早上她没有来上学。）
例：Don't believe him.
（不要相信他的话。）
注：“have”表达“有”以外的意义时，其否定句通常使用助动词“do”，例如：
例：Usually I don't have （=eat）breakfast on Sunday morning.
（通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。）
例：She doesn't have （=drink）coffee for breakfast.
（她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。）
例：We didn't have （=enjoy） a good time there yesterday.
（昨天我们在那里玩得不愉快。）
不过美式英语“have”作“有”的意义使用时也如一般动词使用助动词“do”，例如：例：I don't have brothers.
（我没有兄弟。）
例：We didn't have time enough to finish the work.
（我们当时没有足够的时间完成那件工作。）
（2）使用“not”以外的否定词
“not”以外的否定词有：
（a）副词：never，seldom，hardly，little，neither，etc.
例：She never comes to school late.
（他上学从不迟到。）
例：She seldom comes to see me.
（她不常来看我。）
（b）形容词：no，few，little，etc.
例：I have no brothers.（=I don't have brothers.）
（我没有兄弟。）
例：He has few friends in Hong Kong.
（他在香港几乎没有朋友。）
（c）代词：nothing，nobody，none，etc.
例：I know nothing about computer.
（对于电脑我一窍不通。）
I found nobody about computer.
（在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。）
注：1．有些文法书认为“Not +V”为句子否定法，是否定句，而“no +n.或如nothing，etc.”为单词否定法，不宜称为否定句。例如：
例：He doesn't have brother.（否定句）
He has no brothers.（单词否定，但应视为肯定句，因为谓语动词是肯定。）请注意下面两句的意义上的区别。
例：He doesn't have a breakfast.
He has not a breakfast.
（他不吃早餐。——否定句）
例：He has no breakfast.
（他没有早餐可吃。——单词否定，肯定句）
2．否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达，例如：
例：He is honest.
（他是诚实的。）
He is dishonest.（=He in not honest.）
（他不诚实。）
例：They have children.
（他们有小孩。）
They are childless.（=The don't have children.）
（他们没有小孩。）
Drilling Square
Ⅰ．请把下列各句改为否定句。
1．Amy is the best student in my class.
2．Jim has a lot of stamps.
3．John studies very hard this semester.
4．Bill broke the glass yesterday.
中考句型转换错误分析肯定句变否定句 1. I think she is there. 误：I think she isn’t there. 正：I don’t think she is there. 析：英语中think, believe, expect, suppose等表示信念和揣测的动词，后接that从句时，习惯上将从句中的否定形式转移到主句上，即否定主句谓语，不否定从句谓语。 2. He can sing this song and that one. 误：He cannot sing this song and that one. 正；He cannot sing this song or that one. 析：肯定句中的连词and在否定句中一般要改为or。 3. Tom went to school too. 误：Tom didn’t go to school too. 正：Tom didn’t go to school either. 析：too和also用于肯定句中时，否定句中用either替换。 4. He has had supper already. 误：He hasn’t had supper already. 正：He hasn’t had supper yet. 析：随着对谓语动词的否定，某些副词也要作相应的变动。 5. He had a good rest just now. 误：He hadn’t a good rest just now. 正：He didn’t have a good rest just now. 析：have在表示开会、吃饭、休息、进行体育锻炼等词组中是行为动词，否定句用助动词来完成。 6. Let’s do it.
英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构(即句子的形式)两种标准分类。下面是具体的分类依据和结果。 (1)按其作用或使用目的，句子可分为： 陈述句：This is a truck. 这是一辆卡车。 疑问句：Is this a truck? 这是卡车吗? 祈使句：Drive the truck away. 把卡车开走。 感叹句：What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡车! 按语法结构，句子可分为：(2)简单句：I am busy. 我很忙。 并列句：I am busy washing, but he is playing Majiang with them. 我在忙着洗衣服，但他却在跟他们打麻将牌。 复合句：Although I am busy washing, he is playing Majiang with them. 尽管我在忙着洗衣服，他却在与他们一块打麻将牌。 一、陈述句:用于说明一件事，表示一种看法或表达某种心情的句子，都是陈述句。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 1肯定句 He is a middle school teacher. 他是一位中学老师。(一般现在时) She is cleaning the room. 她正在收拾屋子。(现在进行时) They have visited the museum. 他们已经参观过这所博物馆了。(现在完成时) He did a lot of washing yesterday. 他昨天洗了好多衣服。(一般过去时) They had already finished quarrelling when I came. 我来时他们已经争吵完了。(过去完成时) The meeting will begin at once. 会议马上就要开始了。(一般将来时) 2否定句 (1)使用not否定： He isn't a worker. 他不是个工人。(一般现在时) She doesn't do the cleaning every day. 她不是每天都做卫生。(一般现在时) I haven't had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早点。(现在完成时) You didn't do your homework seriously. 你没有认真地做你的作业。(一般过去时) You mustn't take her to your parents. 你千万不要把她带到你的父母那里去。(情态动词) She needn't quarrel with him. 她没必要跟他吵。(情态动词) The house won't be painted. 这所房子将不粉刷了。(被动语态将来时) She might not notice you.
专题: 把肯定句改成否定句 把肯定句改成否定句分以下情况： 1、句中有be动词的，在be动词后加not； 2、句中有情态动词的（can ,should，must ，would），在情态动词后面加not； 3、句中没有be动词和情态动词的，在动词前加d on’t或doesn’t ； ①句中动词为原形的，加d on’t.如： I like apples. →I do n’t like apples. ②句中动词为三单式的，加does n’t，并将三单式的动词还原成原形。 如：He likes apples.→ He does n’t like apples. ③时态为过去时的,要加didn’t 而且动词过去式要改为原形, 例:I went to school yesterday .→I didn’t go to school yeaterday . 4.肯定句中的some在否定句中应改为any 如：There are some students in the classroom.→ There are not any students in the classroom. 将下列各句改成否定句 1、Tom’s brother is walking in the park. ______________________________________________________ 3、The students of Class 5 are cleaning the classroom. ______________________________________________________ 5、Tom and Mary are friends. ______________________________________________________ 7、There are some books in the bookcase. ______________________________________________________ 9、I’m a student. ______________________________________________________ 11、Your father can ride a bike. ______________________________________________________ 13、They can play football after school. ______________________________________________________ 16、We come from China. ______________________________________________________ 19、He likes the violin. ______________________________________________________ 20、Have some bread, Tom. ______________________________________________________
英语中句子的种类 Prepared on 22 November 2020
（三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。 按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句； 从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分： 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句） Are you a doctor How often do you have an English party Which would you like better, tea or coffee She is too young to go to school, is she 三、感叹句 （一）What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！==（二）How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！ What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语！ How time flies! 四、祈使句（祈使句主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原型。） Be quiet! Don’t be late!
肯定句变否定句的基本方法 一、如果谓语中有情态动词、助动词或be，直接在它们后面加not构成否定句。 1.在含系动词be、助动词be, have, has, will, would, shall, should等之后直接加not，构成否定句。如： He is there. — He is not there. 他不在那儿。 I have finished my work. — I have not finished my work. 我的工作还没完成。 She will agree with you. — She will not agree with you. 她不会同意你的意见。 He will not go there. 他不会那里。 I am not a teacher. 我不是教师。 2.否定含情态动词的句子： a.在情态动词can, could, may, might, must, need, dare, had better, would rather的句子之后直接加not。如： (1) He can say so. — He can not say so. 它不会那样说。 (2) Students must smoke. — Students must not smoke. 学生不允许抽烟。 (3)You’d better go there now.—You’d better not go there now. 现在你最好不要去那里。 (4)I’d rather tell you the truth.—I’d rather not tell you the truth. 我倒想不告诉你真相。 (5) He dared ask his parents for money again. — He dared not ask his parents for money again. 他不敢向父母亲要钱。 I can not dance. 我不会跳舞。 b.在含情态动词ought to的句子，在ought to中的to前面加not，构成否定句。如： (1) You ought to bother him. — You ought not to bother him. 你不应该去麻烦他。 (2) You ought to waste your time. — You ought not to waste your time. 你不应该把时间浪费了。 c.在含情态动词used to的句子，可在used to中的to前面加not；也可在used前面加did not，同时将used 改为use。如： (1) He used to smoke in the past . — He used not to smoke in the past. 他过去不常抽烟。 (2) He used to live here. — He did not use to live here. 他原来常不住这里。 d.在含情态动词have / has / had to的句子，在have / has / had to前面加do not的适当形式, 同时将has / had 改为have。如： (1) You do have to stay here after school. — You do not have to stay here after school. 你不必放学后还呆在这里。 (2) He had to go to work yesterday. — He did not have to go to work yesterday. 他昨天不必去上班。 二、如果谓语中没有情态动词、助动词或be，在动词之前加do not (一般现在时第三人称单数用does not,过去时用 did not，并将原来的谓语动词改为原形) 。 (1) He likes classic music. — He does not like classic music. 他不喜欢古典音乐。 (2) She played table tennis yesterday afternoon. — She did not play table tennis yesterday afternoon. 她昨天下午没有打乒乓球。 You don’t look well today.你今天气色不好。 She does not know what to do. 她不知道做什么。
初中英语分类练习 ——句子种类与简单句的基本句型 一、句子种类： Ⅰ. 句型转换(按要求完成句子) 1. Those children are students.(否定句, 一般疑问句) 2. We can see a lot of girls in the picture. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 3. They will go to England for a visit. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 4. The young men aren’t having a party. (肯定句, 一般疑问句) 5. She has been to Shanghai already. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 6. Don’t be noisy, please. (用quiet改为肯定句,) 7. Stand in front of the class. (否定句, 反意疑问句) 8. Both Mary and Tony are good students. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 9. All the students in our class are going to visit the Science Museum. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 10. There is an English test on Friday. (反意疑问句) 11. There will be a report on Chinese history tomorrow. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 12. Tom has his lunch in the school. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句) 13. John does his homework at home. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句) 14. He saw the TV news yesterday evening. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句) 15. I think you are right. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 16. This kind of car is made in Japan. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 17. Arthur runs fastest in his class.(就划线部分提问) ________ runs fastest in his class? 18. Bob”s painting was put up on the wall of our school.(同上) ________ painting was put up on the wall of our school? 19. Chapter One is very difficult to learn. (同上) ________ chapter is very difficult to learn? 20. Mary does her homework after supper in the evening. (同上) ________ ______ Mary ______ after supper in the evening? 21. He has borrowed four books from the school library. (同上) _______ _______ he borrowed from the school library? 22. It took him 30 minutes to get there. (同上) ______ ______ ______ it take him to get there? 23. My father is a teacher in the school. (同上) _______ ________ your father ______ in the school? 24. It will be Wednesday the day after tomorrow. (同上) ________ ______ will it be the day after tomorrow? 25. There are Three thousand people in the factory. (同上) _______ _______ people _______ _______ in the factory? 26. Linda’s mother works in a big hotel. (同上) _______ _______ Linda’s mother work? 27. They usually go to school by bus. (同上) _______ _______ they usually go to school? 28. They couldn’t pass the exam because they didn’t work hard. (同上)
精心整理 （三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。 按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句； 从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分： 一、陈述句 Thatboyalwayshelpsothers. Tomwasnotathomeyesterday. Heistoolatetocatchthebus. 二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句） Areyouadoctor? HowoftendoyouhaveanEnglishparty? Whichwouldyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee? Sheistooyoungtogotoschool,isshe? 三、感叹句 （一）What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ (三)What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！ Whatbeautifulgirlstheyare! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ Whatfineweatheritis! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+ Howinterestingthedogis! (六)How+主语+谓语！ Howtimeflies! 四、） Bequiet! Don’ 一、）如，五种基本句型列式如下： ? ?基本句型三：??主＋谓＋宾 基本句型四：主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 ?基本句型五主＋谓＋宾＋宾补. 二、并列句（句子包含两个或多个主谓结构，通常有并列连词连结。） 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。根据并列分句之间的关系不同，并列句可以分为以下几种：1.表示联合关系的并列句这类并列句常用并列连词and（和），notonly...butalso...（不但……而且……）等来连接，这时分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系。and一般不译出来。 1.Weboughtherabirthdaypresent,_____shelikeditverymuch. A.so B.or C.and D.but 2.—Didn’tyougiverosestoyourfatheronFather’sDay?
句子的种类 类别例句用法 陈述句肯 定 This is a bag. I like spring. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 陈述句否 定 I can’t see a bag over there. I don't know. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 疑问句一 般 Are you a student? Does she get up early? Do you like swimming? Can you speak English? 用于提出问题特 殊 when什么时间；who谁；whose谁的；where在哪里；which 哪一个；why为什么；what什么；what time什么时间；what colour什么颜色；what about……怎么样；what day星期 几；what date什么日期；what for为何目的；how怎样； how old多大岁数；how many数量多少；how much多少钱； how about……怎么样；how far多远 选 择 Is your friend a boy or a girl? 反 意 It’s a fine day, isn’t it? 祁使句肯 定 Put it here. 表示命令、建议或请求否 定 Don’t look at the noticeboard. 感叹句How smart the scarf is! What a smart scarf! How hard he studies! 表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、 厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成，不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择，前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来，后两项之间用or连接，回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成，简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定，后面问句就用否定形式；陈述句部分是否定，简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不，他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的，他喜欢。
肯定句改否定句的发： 1．看句子中有没有系动词或情态动词，如果有，就直接在系动词或情态动词后加not。例如：They were busy yesterday.(他们昨天很忙)，句子中有系动词were，改为否定句时就直接在系动词were 后加not，改为They were not busy yesterday.（他们昨天不忙）。再例如You should stand here(你应该站在这儿)，改为否定句，在情态动词should后加not，改为You should not stand here.(你不应该站在这儿) 2.句子中如果没有系动词或情态动词，就在实意动词前（主语后）don′t或doesn′t 或didn′t（根据实意动词的形态确定），实意动词必须变回原形。 例如：The children feel happy.(孩子们感到快乐)，动词是原形形式的feel,所以在动词前加don′t，改为否定句：The children don′t feel happy.（孩子们感到不快乐） 再例如：She takes up the phone(她拿起电话)，动词是单三形式的takes,所以在动词前加doesn′t，同时必须把句子中的takes变回原形take，改为否定句：She doesn′t take up the phone(她没拿起电话) 再例如：He told me a story(他给我讲了一个故事)，动词是过去式形式的told,所以在动词前加didn′t，同时必须把句子中的told变回原形tell，改为否定句：He didn′t tell me a story(他没有给我故事)
（三）句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位，表示一个完整的思想。按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句；从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分： 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句） Are you a doctor? How often do you have an English party? Which would you like better, tea or coffee? She is too young to go to school, is she? 三、感叹句 （一）What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！==（二）How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语！ What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语！ How time flies! 四、祈使句（祈使句主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原型。） Be quiet! Don’t be late! 从结构上分： 一、简单句（句子只包含一个主谓结构。） He is never late for school. 二、并列句（句子包含两个或多个主谓结构，通常有并列连词连结。） She made a promise, but she didn’t keep it. Tom is tall and he is from America. He is later for school because his bike is broken. He not only works hard but also is always ready to help others. 三、复合句（句子包含有两个或更多的主谓结构，但是其中一个或多个主谓结构充当句子的 成分，就是复合句。所有从句都是复合句。） This is the book that I borrowed yesterday. He told us that light travels faster than sound.
初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途，句子可分为四类： 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法，陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示：
肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时，如句中有already，some，something，somebody等词，须分别改成yet，any，anything，anybody 等。 另外，也要注意，too改成either，both改成neither，all改成none等。 2. 疑问句
3. 常用的特殊疑问句
4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时，“will you?”意为“请求”，“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句： Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问，用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句： What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时，用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句： I'm working now, aren’t I?
高中英语语法总结大全之句子的种类 句子的种类 （一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1）陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实） The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。 （说明看法） 2）疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种： a.一般疑问句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ b.特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）： Where do you live?你住那儿？ How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？ c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）： He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？ 3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如： Sit down, please.请坐。 Don't be nervous!别紧张！ 4）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如： What good news it is!多好的消息啊！ （二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类： 1）简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结
一、简单句中含有be动词、情态动词和助动词时，变否定句 时需在be动词、情态动词和助动词后加not。 1. （am, is ,are 是be动词）如：I am a teacher．→I am not a teacher．This is a pen.→ This is not a pen.或This isn’t a pen. (is not =isn’t) You are a boy. →You are not a boy. (are not =aren’t) 2. （can是情态动词）He can help me．→He can not help me．或He can’t help me.(can not =can’t ) 3.当主语是第一人称、第二人称和第三人称复数时用助动词do,变否定时，在do后面加not 如：I like English .I do not like English.或I don’t like English. They go to school together. →They do not (don’t) go to school together. 4.当主语是第三人称单数时用does,变否定时，在does后面加not，如：The little girl wants to go there.→ The little girl does not (doesn't ) want to go there． 2．简单句中谓语动词为行为动词时，要根据时态选用do的相应形式，把肯定句变为否定句。如： The little girl wants to go there．→The little girl doesn't want to go there． He did his work yesterday．→He didn't do his work
初中英语语法------句子的种类A英语中的句子按其使用目的，句子可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。 Eg: 陈述句：This is a dog. 疑问句：Is this a dog? 祈使句：Open your eyes! 感叹句：What a beautiful building it is! 简单句：I am studying. 并列句：I was born in a small village and I lived there for nearly ten years. 复合句：As soon as I get there, I'll call you. 1 陈述句凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。 Eg：We live in Beijing. We don't live in Beijing. (1) be 动词、一般动词（实义动词）、情态动词的否定句 I am not a student. I don't know him. He can't speak English.
be 动词的否定句句型：主语+ be动词+ not + … I wasn't good at English. They weren't at home yesterday. He isn't my cousin. 进行时和被动语态都有be 动词，它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。 Eg：They aren't cleaning the room. The child was not looked after by anybody. 将来时（will，shall）、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词否定句型。 They will not be sent to the front. They will be not sent to the front.× 情态动词的否定句 句型：主语+情态动词+ not + 动词原形 Eg：I can't do it myself. You mustn't take the books out. You must not go there alone. 一般动词的否定句． 句型：主语+ do/does/did + not + 动词原形 Eg: They didn't live in Shanghai. He doesn't do his homework every day.
英语中的句子种类 陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句 （划分标准：语气） 一. 陈述句 1. 定义：陈述句是用于陈述一个事实或表达说话人的看法的句子。陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。 2. 陈述句的肯定句式主要有五种基本句型 (1)“主语＋系动词＋表语” I am honored. 我很荣幸。 (2)“主语＋不及物动词（谓语）” The students work very hard. 学生们学习很努力。 (3)“主语＋及物动词（谓语）＋宾语” I teach English. 我教英语。 (4)“主语＋及物动词（谓语）＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”，间接宾语是人，直接宾语是物。 能接双宾语的动词多数要在间接宾语前加to或for。 ①加to的动词有give, send, pass, take, bring, show, lend, sell等。 She sent me a present.＝She sent a present to me. 她寄给了我一份礼物。 ②加for的动词有buy, make, build, mend, cook等。 My father bought me a bike.＝My father bought a bike for me. 我爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。 (5)“主语＋及物动词（谓语）＋宾语＋宾语补足语” The teacher asked the students to listen carefully in class. 老师要求学生上课认真听讲。 3．陈述句的否定句式 (1)be动词＋not (2)情态动词/助动词＋not＋动词原形 I don't get up at six o'clock this morning. 今天早上六点我没有起床。 (3)no, never, har dly, seldom, few, little, nobody, neither…nor, none 等词构成否定句。 I can hardly believe his story. 我几乎不相信他的故事。 (4)“too…to…”句型本身具有否定的含义。 She is too young to go to school. 她太小，还不能去上学。 二. 疑问句
1、You can use this dictionary.（改为否定句） You cannot（can’t）use this dictionary. 2、There is some wonderful news in today’s paper.（改为否定句） There areany wonderful news in today’s paper. 3、They play football on the playground.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） Do they play football on the playground? Yes, they do. 4、This is my ID card.（改为一般疑问句） Is this your ID card？ 5、The schoolbag is under the desk.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） Is the schoolbag under the desk? Yes,it is. 一、肯定句改否定句的方法： 1、在be动词后加not。如：is not ， are not ，am not， was not， were not； 2、在can，should， will等后加not。如：cannot，should not， will not；
3、上述都没有的，在动词前加助动词否定形式don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。 4、 some 改成any。 如： I am a girl. → I am not a girl. You are a student. →You are not a student. →You aren’t a student. This is Tom’s bag, → This is not Tom’s bag. → This isn’t Tom’s bag. 答题方法是；否定词not在be后边。 二、肯定句改一般疑问句的方法： 1、把be动词放在句首，剩下的照抄，（some 改成any，I改成you，my改成your，）句点改成问号。 2、把can，shall， will等放到句首，剩下的照抄，（some 改成any，I改成you，my改成your，）句点改成问号。 3、上述都没有的，在句首请助动词Do/Does/Did帮忙，剩下的照抄，（some 改成any，I改成you，my 改成your，）句点改成问号。 注意：句首的第一个字母要大写，句尾标点应为“？”。如： I am in Class 6. →Are you in Class 6?
句子成分和句子种类详解 句子成分和结构是英语的基础，是理解和表达英语的关键。英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的，这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用，叫做句子成分。英语的篇章是由句子构成的，不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构，这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。 I 句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分； 表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要部分。 1.主语：主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者，常用的作主语的词类有：名词（短语）、代词、 数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句。 Subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, which tells of what the sentence is about. 1）名词：The students are learning grammar. Our teacher speaks very fast. 2）代词：She is writing. He likes playing tennis. 3）数词：Five is an odd number. Six is my favourite number. 4）不定式：To learn English well is important. It is not easy to remember all rules. 5）动名词：Swimming is interesting. Learning grammar well is difficult. 6）主语从句：What I said is true. What we can't get seems better than what we have. 2.谓语：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、 数和时态的变化。 Predicate says something about the subject and bears the new information which the speaker or writer wants to transmit to the listener or reader. 1）简单谓语 动词：He bought a dictionary yesterday. 动词短语：He is looking for his pen. 2）复合谓语 系动词+表语：We are students. 情态动词+不定式：I may be wrong. 动词+不定式：We have to do something for them. 3.表语：表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身 份等。充作表语的可以是单词、短语或从句。 Predicative expresses the status, characteristics or the quality of the subject. 1）名词：He is a doctor. Mr. Scott is a farmer. 2）代词：It is me. That's something we have always to keep in mind.