思想政治教育学原理考研模拟试题及详解（一）一、概念题（每题5分，共30分）
1．思想政治教育
2．外化
3．思想政治教育过程的规律
4．思想政治教育环境
5．社会公德
6．思想政治教育载体
二、简答题（每题15分，共60分）
1．思想政治教育必须坚持马克思主义科学体系的指导。
2．确立思想政治教育目标的意义是什么？
3．简述思想政治教育工作者提高修养的途径和方法。
4．简述公民道德教育的基本内容。
三、论述题（每题30分，共60分）
1．联系当前实际，谈谈你对思想政治教育地位和作用的认识。2．试述思想政治教育原则确立的依据和思想政治教育的主要原则。
参考答案
一、概念题（每题5分，共30分）
1．思想政治教育
答：思想政治教育是指社会或社会群体用一定的思想观念、政治观点、道德规范对其成员施加有目的、有计划、有组织的影响，使他们形成符合一定社会、一定阶级所需要的思想品德的社会实践活动。思想政治教育泛指人类所有阶级社会共有的培养人的思想品德的活动，不是特指无产阶级培养人的思想品德的活动。
承认思想政治教育是人类社会历史不同阶段和不同阶级共有的社会活动，有助于更深刻地认识思想政治教育的客观必然性，有助于批判地继承和借鉴中外历史上不同阶级的思想政治教育的一切有益经验，也有助于通过比较，更好地把握党的思想政治教育的本质特征，从而更好地开展思想政治教育。
2．外化
答：外化是指思想政治教育过程中从知到行的转化，即如何促使人们把思想品德认识转化为相应的行为及其习惯的问题。引导受教育者实现从品德认识到行为的转化，培养人们品德践行能力，必须着力抓好这一环节的诸多具体工作：①重视思想品德情感和信念的培养。
②提出行动要求，并促使受教育者将其内化，变成自己的行动动机。③指导受教育者选择行为方式，锻炼品德意志。④组织各种实践活动，培养受教育者的道德行为和习惯。在前述各个环节的基础上，要及时组织各种活动，促使受教育者把思想道德认识付诸实践，将思想道德认识转化为行动。
3．思想政治教育过程的规律
答：思想政治教育过程的规律是指思想政治教育过程各要素之间的本质联系及其矛盾运动的必然趋势，如存在于教育过程中的教育者和受教育者之间的联系及其互动趋势，社会要求的思想品德规范和受教育者个体思想品德之间的联系及其相互作用的方向等。思想政治教育过程的规律具体表述为：教育要求与受教育者思想品德发展之间保持适度张力的规律；教
育与自我教育相统一的规律；协调与控制各种影响因素使之同向发挥作用的规律。
4．思想政治教育环境
答：思想政治教育环境，是指对思想政治教育活动以及思想政治教育对象的思想品德形成和发展产生影响的一切外部因素的总和。思想政治教育环境具有广泛性、动态性、特定性及可创性的特点。良好的思想政治教育环境对人的思想品德形成发展和思想政治教育具有重要作用：良好的环境具有感染作用，良好的环境具有促进作用，良好的环境具有约束作用。
5．社会公德
答：社会公德是一个社会中每个人都必须遵守的公共生活准则。这种准则所反映的是人类社会生活最一般的关系。社会公德除了具有道德的一般特点外，还具有以下三个明显的特点：①共同性，它是全体社会成员都要共同遵守的公共生活准则；②群众性，它为全体公民所必需，具有广泛的群众基础；③继承性，它突出地、集中地把民族心理和民族习惯用准则的形式固定下来并传承下去。社会公德是社会共同利益的反映，是社会文明程度的表征，是社会主义道德体系的重要组成部分。遵守社会公德，是我国宪法所规定的每一个公民应尽的义务，也是对公民的基本道德要求。
6．思想政治教育载体
答：思想政治教育载体是指承载、传导思想政治教育因素，能为思想政治教育主体所运用、且主客体可借此相互作用的一种思想政治教育活动形式。具有客观性和主观性、实践性和发展性、承载性和传导性的特征。主要包括：思想政治教育的管理载体，思想政治教育的文化载体，思想政治教育的活动载体和思想政治教育的大众传播载体。
二、简答题（每题15分，共60分）
1．思想政治教育必须坚持马克思主义科学体系的指导。
答：马克思主义是一个十分完整而严密的理论体系。思想政治教育学以马克思主义为指导，必须遵循这一理论的完整性和系统性，防止和克服过去出现过的教条主义、实用主义等不良倾向，坚持用完整准确的马克思主义科学体系作指导。
（1）要坚持马克思主义的本质规定性
马克思主义的本质规定性直接体现了马克思主义的性质、实质，坚持马克思主义，最根本的就是要坚持马克思主义的本质规定性。正确、全面的马克思主义观对马克思主义的本质规定性的认识至少应包含以下四点：
①辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的世界观和方法论，这是马克思主义最根本的理论特征和理论基石。
②科学社会主义和共产主义，这是马克思主义最根本的性质和最崇高的社会理想。
③为无产阶级和广大人民群众谋利益，这是马克思主义最根本的政治立场和根本宗旨。
④坚持与时俱进，这是马克思主义的最根本的理论品质。
（2）要坚持马克思主义的基本原理
马克思主义基本原理，是马克思主义科学理论体系中的基本内容，是马克思主义本质规定性的生动体现。它是指马克思、恩格斯及其继承者们创立和发展的、经受了社会实践反复检验所证明了的那些科学原理，即关于自然、社会和思维发展的一般规律，也就是马克思主义哲学、政治经济学、科学社会主义共同揭示的基本原理和基本观点。主要包括马克思主义哲学的基本原理，政治经济学的基本原理和科学社会主义的基本原理。
（3）要坚持马克思主义的基本特征
马克思主义的基本特征是马克思主义的本质规定性和基本原理的外在表现，是马克思主义与其他思想体系根本区别的标志。马克思主义的基本特征是分层次的。
①列宁所说的阶级性（党性）、实践性、科学性，这是马克思主义最根本的特征。
②开放性、动态性（发展性）、创新性，这是第一层次特征的必然要求和具体体现。
坚持马克思主义的基本特征，既要坚持马克思主义的阶级性、实践性、科学性，又要坚持马克思主义的开放性、发展性、创新性，并把两者有机地统一起来。只有这样，才能在坚持马克思主义基本原理的同时，不断创新和发展马克思主义。
总之，马克思主义的本质规定性、基本原理和基本特征是相辅相成而又内在统一的。我们要坚持马克思主义，最根本的是要坚持马克思主义的本质规定性，坚持马克思主义的基本原理和马克思主义的基本特征，坚持其阶级性、实践性、科学性和创新性。
2．确立思想政治教育目标的意义是什么？
答：思想政治教育目标的确立，不仅使教育活动有了明确的方向与评价标准，而且还起到激励的作用，能振奋人的精神，提高人们行动的自觉性，增强教育活动的有效性。确立思想政治教育目标，对于卓有成效地开展思想政治教育活动，具有极其重要的意义。
（1）目标的确立，是开展思想政治教育活动的基本前提
目标的确立，制约着教育内容、方法等要素的确定；目标的确立，才能明确教育任务，才能制定和实施教育计划。
（2）目标的确立，是提高教育者与受教育者参与活动自觉性的关键
由于目标具有方向性和可测性，一旦当教育活动明确了教育目标以后，它就会显示出明确的发展方向和社会价值。这样，教育者与受教育者都能从教育活动中感受到目标实现带来的人才效应，以及精神需求的满足，从而，使目标产生导向和激励效应。
（3）目标的确立，是检验思想政治教育效果的重要依据
思想政治教育的目标具有双重的功能，它既是教育活动的起点，又是教育活动的终点。
它伴随着教育活动的全过程，自始至终发挥着重大的作用。作为教育活动的终点，它是评价教育活动效果的标准，标志着思想政治教育取得的成果。
3．简述思想政治教育工作者提高修养的途径和方法。
答：思想政治教育工作者提高自身修养的最基本的方法，是认真学习，积极参加社会实践，自觉改造世界观，从而不断完善自己的知识结构，塑造良好的自我形象，共产党人所说的修养，就是自我教育、自我改造。
（1）先当学生再当先生
①要从群众中不断获取新的信息。教育者只有生活在他们之中，接近他们，了解他们，才能使自己的信息渠道畅通，能够经常地及时地得到新的信息，使自己不脱离社会、不落后时代、不脱离群众，使工作具有现实感和针对性。
②要从群众中不断获得新的教育材料。党的路线、方针、政策是在马克思主义理论指导下对大量事实进行抽象概括而作出的一般性的规定，是群众实践活动的指南；而群众实践活动中所表现出来的先进思想、先进事迹，则是这些一般性规定的生动体现和具体化。
③要从群众中不断吸收新鲜语言。广大群众在创造新生活的过程中，每时每刻都在创造丰富多彩的新经验、新语言。运用这些来自群众、富有时代特征和生活气息而又为群众喜闻乐见的新鲜语言，宣传就会生动有力，使受教育者感到亲切，易于接受。
（2）建立合理的知识结构
①必须具有扎实的马克思主义基础理论。马克思主义基础理论包括马克思主义的哲学、政治经济学、科学社会主义的基本原理。这一理论与中国革命的实践相结合，产生了毛泽东思想和邓小平理论。
②必须具有广博的思想政治教育专业知识。如思想政治教育学、思想政治教育方法论、
考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习一 Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A] On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, the electors who have been chosen in November assemble in their respective state capitals to signal their preference. The future president and vice-president must receive at least 270 electoral votes, a majority of the total of 538, to win. Members of the electoral college have the moral, but not the legal, obligation to vote for the candidate who won the popular vote in their state. This moral imperative, plus the fact that electors are members of the same political party as the presidential candidate winning the popular vote, ensures that the outcome in the electoral college is a valid reflection of the popular vote in November. [B] It is even possible for someone to win the popular vote, yet lost the presidency to another candidate. How? It has to do with the electoral college. [C] The electoral college was created in response to a problem encountered during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where delegates were trying to determine the best way to choose the president. The framers of the Constitution intended that the electors, a body of men chosen for their wisdom, should come together and choose on behalf of the people. In fact, the swift rise of political parties guaranteed that the electoral of the people. In fact, the swift rise of political guaranteed that the electoral system never worked as the framers had intended; instead, national parties, i. e. nationwide alliances of local interests, quickly came to dominate the election campaigns. The electors became mere figureheads representing the state branches of the parties who got them chosen, and their votes were predetermined and predictable. [D] How are the electors chosen? Although there is some variation among states in how electors are appointed, generally they are chosen by the popular vote, always on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Each political party in a state chooses a state of local worthies to be members of the electoral college if the party’s presidential candidate wins at least a plurality of the popular vote in the state. [E] How is the number of electors decided? Every state has one elector for each senator and representative it sends to Congress. States with greater populations therefore have more electors in the electoral college. All states have at least 3 electors, but California, the most populous state, has 54. The District of Columbia, though not a state, is also allowed to send three electors.
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（7） (1~20/共20题)Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. Do people get happier or more foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irritable neighbors__1__, scientists have been trying to answer this question for decades, and the results have been__2__Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980 reveals that well-being__3__increases with age—but overall happiness__4__when a person was born. __5__studies that have__6__older adults with the middle-aged and young have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not__7__whether their__8__was because of their age or because of their__9__life experience. The new study, published online January 24 in Psychological Science ,__10__out the answer by examining 30 years of data on thousands of Americans, including__11__measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of health. The researchers found, after controlling for variables__12__health, wealth, gender, ethnicity and education, that well-being increases over everyone′s lifetime.__13__people who have lived through extreme hardship, such as the Great Depression,__14__much less happy than those who have had more__15__lives. This finding helps to__16__why past studies have found conflicting results—experience__17__, and tough times can__18__an entire generation′s happiness for the rest of their lives. The__19__news is,__20__we′ve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more content as we age. 第1题 A.alike B.alongside C.aside D.besides 第2题 A.conflicting B.worrying C.revealing D.appealing 第3题 A.accordingly B.indeed C.hence D.nevertheless 第4题 A.resides with B.rests with C.depends on D.reckons on 第5题
2017考研数学模拟测试题完整版及答案解析（数三） 一、 选择题：1~8小题，每小题4分，共32分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有 一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号中。 （1）()f x 是在(0,)+∞内单调增加的连续函数，对任何0b a >>，记()b a M xf x dx =?， 01 [()()]2b a N b f x dx a f x dx =+??，则必有（ ） （A ）M N ≥；（B ）M N ≤；（C ）M N =；（D ）2M N =； （2）设函数()f x 在(,)-∞+∞内连续，在(,0)(0,)-∞+∞U 内可导，函数()y y x =的图像为 则其导数的图像为（ ） (A) (B)
(C) (D) (3)设有下列命题： ①若2121 ()n n n u u ∞-=+∑收敛，则1 n n u ∞=∑收敛； ②若1 n n u ∞=∑收敛，则10001 n n u ∞ +=∑收敛； ③若1 lim 1n n n u u +→∞>，则1n n u ∞=∑发散； ④若1()n n n u v ∞=+∑收敛，则1n n u ∞=∑，1n n v ∞ =∑收敛 正确的是（ ） （A ）①②（B ）②③（C ）③④（D ）①④ (4)设22 0ln(1)() lim 2x x ax bx x →+-+=，则（ ） （A ）51,2a b ==-；（B ）0,2a b ==-；（C ）50,2 a b ==-；（D ）1,2a b ==- (5)设A 是n 阶矩阵，齐次线性方程组（I ）0Ax =有非零解，则非齐次线性方程组（II ） T A x b =，对任何12(,,)T n b b b b =L （A ）不可能有唯一解； （B ）必有无穷多解； （C ）无解； （D ）可能有唯一解，也可能有无穷多解 (6)设,A B 均是n 阶可逆矩阵，则行列式1020 T A B -?? -? ??? 的值为 （A ）1 (2)n A B --； （B ）2T A B -； （C ）12A B --； （D ）1 2(2)n A B -- (7)总体~(2,4)X N ，12,,,n X X X L 为来自X 的样本，X 为样本均值，则（ ） （A ）22 11()~(1)1n i i X X n n χ=---∑； （B ）221 1(2)~(1)1n i i X n n χ=---∑； （C ）22 12()~()2n i i X n χ=-∑； （D ）221 ()~()2n i i X X n χ=-∑； (8)设随机变量,X Y 相互独立且均服从正态分布2(,)N μσ，若概率1 ()2 P aX bY μ-<=则（ ） （A ）11,22a b ==；（B ）11,22a b ==-；（C ）11,22a b =-=；（D ）11 ,22 a b =-=-； 二、填空题：9~14小题，每小题4分，共24分。把答案填在题中的横线上。
2019最新考研数学模拟试题（含答案） 学校：__________ 考号：__________ 一、解答题 1． 有一等腰梯形闸门，它的两条底边各长10m 和6m ，高为20m ，较长的底边与水面相齐，计算闸门的一侧所受的水压力． 解：如图20，建立坐标系，直线AB 的方程为 y =-x 10 +5． 压力元素为 d F =x ·2y d x =2x ??? ?-x 10+5d x 所求压力为 F =??0202x ????-x 10+5d x =? ???5x 2-115x 3200 =1467(吨) =14388(KN) 2．证明本章关于梯度的基本性质(1)~(5). 证明：略 3．一点沿对数螺线e a r ?=运动，它的极径以角速度ω旋转，试求极径变化率. 解： d d d e e .d d d a a r r a a t t ???ωω?=?=??= 4．一点沿曲线2cos r a ?=运动，它的极径以角速度ω旋转，求这动点的横坐标与纵坐标的变化率. 解： 22cos 2cos sin sin 2x a y a a ???? ?=?==? d d d 22cos (sin )2sin 2,d d d d d d 2 cos 22cos .d d d x x a a t t y y a a t t ???ωω????ωω??=?=??-?=-=?=?= （20）
5．椭圆22 169400x y +=上哪些点的纵坐标减少的速率与它的横坐标增加的速率相同？ 解：方程22169400x y +=两边同时对t 求导，得 d d 32180d d x y x y t t ? +?= 由d d d d x y t t -=. 得 161832,9y x y x == 代入椭圆方程得：29x =，163,.3x y =±=± 即所求点为1616,3,3,33????-- ? ???? ?. 6．设总收入和总成本分别由以下两式给出： 2()50.003,()300 1.1R q q q C q q =-=+ 其中q 为产量，0≤q ≤1000，求：(1)边际成本；(2)获得最大利润时的产量；(3)怎样的生产量能使盈亏平衡？ 解：(1) 边际成本为： ()(300 1.1) 1.1.C q q ''=+= (2) 利润函数为 2()()() 3.90.003300() 3.90.006L q R q C q q q L q q =-=--'=- 令()0L q '=,得650q = 即为获得最大利润时的产量. (3) 盈亏平衡时： R (q )=C (q ) 即 3.9q －0.003q 2－300=0 q 2－1300q +100000=0 解得q =1218(舍去)，q =82. 7．已知函数()f x 在[a ，b ]上连续，在（a ，b ）内可导，且()()0f a f b ==，试证：在（a ，b ）内至少有一点ξ，使得 ()()0, (,)f f a b ξξξ'+=∈. 证明：令()()e ,x F x f x =?()F x 在[a ，b ]上连续，在（a ，b ）内可导，且()()0F a F b ==，由罗尔定理知，(,)a b ξ?∈，使得()0 F ξ'= ，即()e ()e f f ξξξξ'+=,即()()0, (,).f f a b ξξξ'+=∈ 8．求下列曲线的拐点： 23(1) ,3;x t y t t ==+
考生注意事项 1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。 2. 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。 3. 答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。 (1) 英语知识运用、阅读理解A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡1上。填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。 (2) 阅读理解部分C节的答案和作文必须用(蓝)黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡2上作答。字迹要清楚。 4. 考试结束，将答题卡1、答题卡2及试题一并装入试题袋中交回。 考试时间 满分180分钟100分得分 Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) It is generally recognized in the world that the second Gulf War in Iraq is a cr ucial test of high-speed web. For decades, Americans have anxiously 1 each war t hrough a new communication 2, from the early silent film of World War I to the 24 -hour cable news 3 of the first Persian Gulf War. Now, 4 bombs exploding in Baghdad, a sudden increase in wartime 5 for onlin e news has become a central test of the 6 of high-speed Internet connections. It i s also a good 7 both to attract users to online media 8 and to persuade them to pay for the material they find there, 9 the value of the Cable News Network persu aded millions to 10 to cable during the last war in Iraq. 11 by a steady rise over the last 18 months in the number of people with hig h-speed Internet 12, now at more than 70 million in the United States, the web sit es of many of the major news organizations have 13 assembled a novel collage (拼贴) of 14 video, audio reports, photography collections, animated weaponry 15, i nteractive maps and other new digital reportage.
2010考研英语（二）模拟试卷 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points） Among the thousands of business schools now operating around the world you would be hard-pressed to find one that doesn't believe it can teach the skills of entrepreneurship. However, of the people who immediately 1 to mind when one thinks of entrepreneurs——Bill Gates, Richard Branson or Oprah Winfrey, for example—few have done more than 2 a speech at a business school. 3 , a recent study by King's College in London has suggested what many intuitively 4 : that entrepreneurship may actually be in the blood—more to do with genes than classroom experience. All of which 5 the question—does an entrepreneur really need a business-school education? Not surprisingly some of the best-known schools in the field have a 6 answer to this: they don't actually profess to create entrepreneurs, 7 they nurture innate ability. Or as Timothy Faley of the entrepreneurial institute at Michigan's Ross School of Business 8 it: “A good idea is not enough. You need to know how to 9 a good idea into a good business.” Schools do this in a number of ways. One is to 10 that faculty are a mix of classic academics and businesspeople with experience of 11 their own successful firms. They can also create “incubators” where students 12 ideas and rub shoulders on a day-to-day basis with the external business world, receiving both advice and hard cash in the form of investment. Arguably such help is now more important than ever. The modern entrepreneur is faced with a more 13 world than when Richard Branson began by selling records out of a phone box. According to Patrice Houdayer, head of one of Europe's best-known entrepreneurship schools, EMIYON in France, new businesses used to move through a 14 series of growth steps—what he terms garage, local, national and international. Now however, 15 the communications revolution, they can leapfrog these stages and go global more or less straightaway—encountering a whole new 16 of problems and challenges. In this 17 Professor Houdayer maintains that the increasingly 18 nature of MBA classes can help the nascent entrepreneur in three ways: by plugging them into an international network of contacts and advisors, by preparing them for the pitfalls and opportunities 19 with dealing across different cultures and by 20 them to the different ways that business is conducted around the globe.
博士研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及详解（12） SECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20%) （略） SECTION ⅡSTRUCTUREAND VOCABULARY (35%) Part A Directions: Questions 31-40 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. 31. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent ______. A. it is the American antelope C. being the American antelope B. is the American antelope D. the American antelope is 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个大陆草地典型居住者是美洲羚羊。本句是倒装句结构。 32. In order to remain in existence ______ must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable. A. a profit-making organization
英语（二）模拟试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points) Facebook has been 1 with fire and has got its fingers burned, again. On November 29th America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that it had reached a 2 settlement with the giant social network over 3 that it had misled people about its use of their personal data. The details of the settlement make clear that Facebook, which 4 over 800m users, betrayed its users’ trust. It is also notable because it appears to be part of a broader 5 by the FTC to craft a new privacy framework to deal with the rapid 6 of social networks in America. The regulator’s findin gs come at a 7 moment for Facebook, which is said to be preparing for an initial public offering next year that could value it at around $100 billion. To 8 the way for its listing, the firm first needs to resolve its privacy 9 with regulators in America and Europe. 10 its willingness to negotiate the settlement 11 this week. Announcing the agreement, the FTC said it had found a number of cases where Facebook had made claims that were “unfair and deceptive, and 12 federal law”. For instance, it 13 personally identifiable information to advertisers, and it failed to keep a promise to make photos and videos on deleted accounts 14 . The settlement does not 15 an admission by Facebook that it has broken the law, but it deeply 16 the company nonetheless. In a blog post published the same day, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook’s boss, tried to17 the impact of the deal. First he claimed that “a small number of high-profile mistakes” were 18 the social network’s “good history” on privac y. The FTC is not relying on Facebook to police itself. Among other things, the company will now have to seek consumers’ approval before it changes the way it shares their data. And it has agreed to an independent privacy audit every two years for the next 20 years. There is a clear pattern here. In separate cases over the past couple of years the FTC has insisted that Twitter and Google accept regular 19 audits, too, after each firm was accused of violating its customers’ privacy. The intent seems to be to create a regulatory regime that is tighter than the status quo, 20 one that still gives social networks plenty of room to innovate. 1. [A] setting [B] playing [C] lighting [D] turning 2. [A] craft [B] documentary [C] trade [D] draft 3. [A] verdicts [B] allegations [C] rumors [D] affirmation 4. [A] boasts [B] exaggerates [C] estimates [D] assesses 5. [A] impulse [B] initiative [C] innovation [D] motion 6. [A] increase [B] elevation [C] rise [D] appearance 7. [A] indispensable [B] essential [C] critical [D] fundamental 8. [A] steer [B] clear [C] lay [D] remove 9. [A] controversy [B] competition [C] dispute [D] compromise
考研英语段落排序题全真模拟试一
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考研英语段落排序题全真模拟练习一 Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. [A] On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, the electors who have been chosen in November assemble in their respective state capitals to signal their preference. The future president and vice-president must receive at least 270 electoral votes, a majority of the total of 538, to win. Members of the electoral college have the moral, but not the legal, obligation to vote for the candidate who won the popular vote in their state. This moral imperative, plus the fact that electors are members of the same political party as the presidential candidate winning the popular vote, ensures that the outcome in the electoral college is a valid reflection of the popular vote in November. [B] It is even possible for someone to win the popular vote, yet lost the presidency to another candidate. How? It has to do with the electoral college. [C] The electoral college was created in response to a problem encountered during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where delegates were trying to determine the best way to choose the president. The framers of the Constitution intended that the electors, a body of men chosen for their wisdom, should come together and choose on behalf of the people. In fact, the swift rise of political parties guaranteed that the electoral of the people. In fact, the swift rise of political guaranteed that the electoral system never worked as the framers had intended; instead, national parties, i. e. nationwide alliances of local interests, quickly came to dominate the election campaigns. The electors became mere figureheads representing the state branches of the parties who got them chosen, and their votes were predetermined and predictable. [D] How are the electors chosen? Although there is some variation among states in how electors are appointed, generally they are chosen by the popular vote, always on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Each political party in a state chooses a state of local worthies to be members of the electoral college if the party’s presidential candidate wins at least a plurality of the popular vote in the state. [E] How is the number of electors decided? Every state has one elector for each senator and representative it sends to Congress. States with greater populations therefore have more electors in the electoral college. All states have at least 3 electors, but California, the most populous state, has 54. The District of Columbia, though not a state, is also allowed to send three electors.