Homework 1
1.用这样或那样的方式对进口进行限制
to restrict on imports in one way or another
2.减少对商品和服务的自由流动的限制
reducing restrictions on the flow of goods and services
3.世界贸易组织的贸易制度可追溯到半个多世纪以前
The trading system of WTO can be dated back almost half a century ago.
4.为国际商业活动建立一个繁荣的多边贸易制度
to establish a prosperous multilateral trading system for international commerce
5.成功地削减关税并且几乎消除了配额的“肯尼迪回合”
"Kennedy Round" succeeding in reducing tariffs and virtually abolishing quotas
6.受到欧盟等国的贸易保护主义者政策的歧视
be discriminated against by protectionist policies such as those of the EU members
7.由世界上大多数贸易国协商而成并签署的世界贸易组织协议
agreements negotiated and signed by most of the world's trading nations
8.依据WTO协议中的规定的争端解决程序采取行动
initiate actions under a dispute settlement process spelled out under one of the WTO agreements
9.争执的双方和有利害关系的第三方之间的磋商
consultation between the disputing members and interested third-parties
10.超出WTO协议中所存在的在贸易条件方面的让步
trade concessions over and above those already available trading terms under the WTO agreements
11.以低于合理价格在他国销售商品
sell the goods in other countries at a lower than reasonable price
12.诸如出口补贴以及为了获得市场以低于成本的价格倾销产品这种不公正的行为
unfair behaviours such as export subsides and dumping products in order to get the market to the price lower than the cost
13.将生产分布在全球的不同区域
distribute the production over the different areas of the world
14.生产的最优化分配
the optimization allocation of production
Homework 2
1.在违约的情形下: in the event of default
2.有法律约束力的合同: a legally binding agreement
3.以双方观点一致为基础的协议：an agreement on the basis of the same opinion of the two parties
4.进行建设项目的投标：make bids on construction projects
5.依据招标书中的书面要求：pursuant to written guidelines called specifications
6.通过受约人的接受使要约转变为协议
to transform an offer into an agreement by acceptance of an offeree
7.规定受要约人的发货或付款等行为
stipulate the offeree's shipment of goods or payment of money
8.由要约人向受要约人表示的要约
offer made by the offeror to the offeree
9.具有法定的签约能力
have legal capacity to enter into a contract
10.法院判定心智不健全的人
persons adjudged by a court of law to be mentally incompetent
11.联合国国际货物销售合同公约
CISG: the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
12.要约人：offeror
13.要约邀请：be invited by an offer
14.普通法、案例法、习惯法：Common Law
15.大陆法、成文法：Civil law
16.法律意义上的行为能力：legal capacity
Homework 3
1.通过消除传统的金融和技术障碍来建立一个内部没有国界的欧洲
work toward the creation of a "Europe without internal frontiers" through the elimination of the financial and technical barriers that traditionally have restrained trade among these nations
2.在不经过成员国国家立法机构的认可或介入的情况下直接对成员国的公民发生作用
affect citizens of member-nations directly without the intervention or approval of the national legislatures of the member-nations
3.通过共同关税和针对非成员国的贸易政策以追求经济贸易的增长
the pursuit of trade and economic growth via a common customs tariff and trade policy toward non-member countries 4.为旨在促进欧盟经济平衡发展和一体化进程而进行的资本投资提供贷款
provide loans for capital investment promoting the Union's balanced economic development and integration Homework 4
1.卖方在他自己的工厂或仓库将货物交给买方
The seller hands the goods over to the buyer / puts the goods at the disposal of the buyer at his own premises or warehouse.
2.装船和启运后发生的事件所引起的货物的灭失或损坏
the loss of or damage to the goods due to events arising after shipment and dispatch
3.负担将货物运至目的地国家所需的一切费用和风险
to bear / to be responsible for all risks and costs that are involved in bringing the goods to the country of destination 4.当货物在指定装运港越过船舷时即完成交货
to deliver / to complete delivery when the goods passes the ship's rail at the named port of shipment
5.按CIF术语由卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费
The CIF terms / Under CIF / on CIF bases, the seller is to contract for marine insurance and pay the insurance premium.
6.请报最低的CIF上海价格，说明装运期及付款条件
Please quote your lowest CIF Shanghai price.
Please quote us your lowest price on CIF Shanghai basis, with particulars regarding / indicating /specifying date of shipment and terms.
Homework 6
1.交付依据信用证条款所制作的单证
the surrender of documents made out in compliance with the terms and conditions of the credit
2.向银行申请开立以出口商为收益人的不可撤销的跟单信用证
to apply to the bank for the issue of an irrevocable documentary letter of credit in favour of the exporter
3.向银行出示信用证并连同所需的各种单证
to present to the bank the letter of credit together with the required documents
4.补偿议付行所付出的款项，并连同实际发生的费用
to reimburse compensate the negotiating bank for the amount claimed including fees charged and out-of-pocket money paid by the negotiating bank (incidental charges)
5.收益人出示汇票并连同相伴的单据以便进行议付或付款
The beneficiary presents his draft together with the accompanying documents for negotiation or for payment.
6.取决于开证行与申请开证人之间就信用证问题所作出的安排
depending on the existing credit arrangement between the issuing bank and the applicant
7.开立以卖方为收益人的信用证
issue the credit favouring the seller
8.开证行与申请人就信用证事宜所达成的安排
the credit arrangement between the issuing bank and the applicant
9.开出供开证行或信用证中所指定的其他被开票人进行承兑的期票
to draw a draft at a tenor for acceptance by the issuing bank or any other drawee named in the credit
10.授权收益人将信用证的全部或部分款项转让给他人
to authorize the beneficiary to transfer a part or the whole of the benefit of the credit to someone else
Homework 7
1.外汇是指以外币表示的可以用来进行国际结算的支付手段。
Foreign exchange refers to the tools of financing international payment denominated in foreign currencies.
2.外汇汇率是用一个国家的货币折算成另一国家的货币的比价。
Foreign exchange rate refers to the ratio at which the currency of one country is converted to that of another.
3.直接标价法是指以一定单位的外国货币为基准来计算应付多少本国货币的标价方法。直接标价法下，外国货币的数额是一个不变量，而本国货币的数额是一个可变量。
Direct quoting method is one under which a fixed amount of foreign currency can be converted into a variable amount of local currency. Under direct quoting method, the rate is quoted in terms of a variable amount of local currency per fixed unit of foreign currency.
4.远期汇率与即期汇率之间的差额叫远期差价，用“升水”，“贴水”和“平价”表示。
The differential between the forward rate and the spot rate is called forward spread, denominated by premium, discount and par.
5.现汇交易是指在成交后当日或两个工作日内履行合约，办理现汇的收付。
Spot transaction refers to one where the settlement and delivery of currencies take place on the date when the transaction is concluded struck or within two business days.
6.期货交易是指在成交时双方签订合约，并在预约期限到期时进行交割。
Forward transaction refers to one where the two dealers sign a contract for delivery of currency at some date agreed upon in the future.
7.掉期交易是指同时买进和卖出同一种货币、相同金额、不同交割期限的交易合约。
The swap transactions refer to the simultaneous buying and selling of the same amounts of the same currency for different maturities.
英语阅读理解带翻译10篇精选 英语阅读理解带翻译10篇：给予 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery： giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.” 像绝大部分人，我长大看待生命是一个过程获得。直到我在30月底，我作出这个重要发现：给予，距离使我们的生活如此更令人兴奋的。您不必担心如果缺乏资金。这是我尝试让-消失。如果一个主意，
V. Reading Comprehension (15%) A It was 3.21 a. m. when nine-year-old Glenn Kreamer awoke to the smell of burning. Except for the crackling （爆裂声）of flames somewhere below there was not a sound in the two-storey house at Baldwin, Long Island. With his father away on night duty at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his sister Karen, 14 and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until they sat up. Then he helped each on through the house to the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, collapsed on the lawn. The nine-year-old raced back into the house and upstairs to his mother's room. He found it impossible to wake her up. Mrs. Kreamer, a victim of the smoke, was unconscious, and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden. But the boy remained calm and, as a fireman said later, "acted with all the self-control of a trained adult." On the bedroom telephone, luckily still working, Glenn called his father and, leaving Mr. Kreamer to telephone the fire brigade and ambulance service, got on with the task of saving his mother. First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden. He could hear the fire engine coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where flames had almost swallowed up the ground flo or? Grasping firmly a ball of string from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and dashed upstairs to his mother's room. Tying one end of the string to her hand he ran back, laying out the string as he went, through the hall and back out into the ga rden. Minutes later he was telling fire chief John Coughlan :"The string will lead you to mother." Mrs. Kreamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor. 71．Why did Glenn run downstairs first? A．He wanted to find out what was happening. B．He was worried about his mother's safety.
2007年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译 但为君故 但为君故 整理组
Text 1 如果你打算在2006年世界杯锦标赛上调查所有足球运动员的出生证明，那么你很有可能发现一个引人注目的巧合：优秀足球运动员更可能出生于每年的前几个月而不是后几个月。如果你接着调查世界杯和职业比赛的欧洲国家青年队的话，那么你会发现这一奇怪的现象甚至更明显。 什么可以解释这一奇怪的现象呢？下面是一些猜测：a）某种占星术征兆使人具备更高的足球技能；b）冬季出生的婴儿往往具有更高的供氧能力，这增加了踢足球的持久力；c）热爱足球的父母更可能在春季（每年足球狂热的鼎盛时期）怀孕；d）以上各项都不是。 58岁的安德斯?埃里克森是佛罗里达州立大学的一名心理学教授，他说，他坚信“以上各项都不是”这一猜测。在瑞典长大的埃里克森，一直研究核工程，直到他认识到，如果他转向心理学领域，他将会有更多机会从事自己的研究。他的首次试验是在大约30年以前进行的，与记忆相关：训练一个人先听一组任意挑选的数字，然后复述这些数字。“在经过大约20小时的训练之后，第一个试验对象（复述）的数字跨度从7个上升到20个，”埃里克森回忆说。“该试验对象不断进步，在接受大约200个小时的训练后，他复述的数字已经达到80多个。” 这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。换句话说，无论两个人在记忆力能力上可能存在怎样的天生差异，这些差异都会被每个人如何恰当地“解读”所记的信息所掩盖。埃里克森确信，了解如何有目的地解读信息的最佳方法就是一个为人所知的有意练习过程。有意练习需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一个任务。相反，它包括确定明确的目标、获得即时的反馈以及技术与结果的浓缩。 因此，埃里克森和他的同事开始研究包括足球领域在内的广泛领域中专业执行者。他们收集了能够收集的所有资料，不只是表现方面的统计数据和传记详细资料，还包括他们自己对取得很高成就的人员进行的实验室实验结果。他们的研究得出了一个非常令人惊奇的结论——我们通常称为天分的特征被高估了。或者，换句话说，专业执行者――无论是在记忆还是手术方面，在芭蕾还是计算机编程领域――几乎总是培养的，而不是天生的。 21. 文中提到足球运动员中的出生现象是用来__________. A 强调职业训练的重要性 B 聚焦世界杯上的足球巨星 C 引出什么决定了杰出表现这个话题 D 解释为什么一些足球队比其他足球队表现好
①化学这门科学在当今世界非常有用。 ②y对于x的依赖关系用y=f(x)来表示。 ③各种物质的导热能力差异很大③各种物质的导热能力差异很大。 ④这个参数可以准确地加以测量。 ⑤半导体的导电率随温度的变化而变化。 ⑥原子能的恰当名称是核能。 ⑦工程材料的性质依赖于（取决于）它们的成分、结构、合成、加工。 ⑧材料科学与工程这个术语将材料科学与材料工程结合在一起，材料科学在材料知识谱的基础知识端，材料工程在应用知识端，两者之间并没有分界线。 ⑨材料的许多性质强烈依赖于其结构，即使材料的成分保持不变。这就是为什么材料中结构-性质关系或者显微结构-性质关系至关重要。 ⑩上面的两个等式极为重要。 The two equations above are of great importance. 十一.金属棒热端的分子随着那里的温度的增加而振动得越来越快。 Molecules at the hot end of a metallic rod vibrate faster as the temperature there increases. 十二.通常这些参数中有一些是已知的。 Usually some of these parameters are known. 十三.当温度低于临界温度时，电子能自由地通过晶格运动。 As temperatures below the critical temperature, the electrons move freely throughout the lattice. 十四. A随温度的这种变化主要是由B的变化引起的。 This variation of A with temperature is due primarily to variations in B. 十五.这种复杂的关系必须用图解来表示。 This complicated relationship must be representedgraphically. 十六.原子间的键合作用部分取决于原子的价电子如何结合在一起。键的类型包括金属键、共价键、离子键、范德华键。 十七.键能与键的强度有关，特别是离子键和共价键结合的材料键能很高。高键能的材料常常具有高的熔点、高的弹性模量和低的热膨胀系数。 ③许多陶瓷材料中发现的离子键是当正电性的原子失去电子给负电性的原子，产生带正电的阳离子和带负电的阴离子而形成的。
Passage 3-01 Labour should be ordered by 0900 hrs for 2nd shift (1500 to 2300 hrs) on same day and by 1300 hrs for 1st shift (0700 to 1500 hrs) for next day. By1100 hrs, for 3rd shift (2300 to 0500 hrs) in same day. Under normal circumstances, no work is performed during meal hours 1100 to 1200 hrs and 1830 to 1930 hrs. unless the ship is classified as a key vessel or the agent orders work during the meal hours. 劳工应责令0900小时第二轮班同一天（1500至2300年时）小时和1300第一班的第二天（0700至1500小时）小时。 By1100小时，第三转变同一天（2300至0500小时）。 在正常情况下，没有工作是执行在用膳时间1100至1200年和1830年至1930年小时小时。除非该船舶被列为重点船舶或者其代理人的订单时，才会在用餐时间的工作。 C 001. If you want to order labour in this port for the third shift in same day, the order should be made by ________ .如果你想在这个港同日第三班劳动，顺序应该是在… A. any time任意时间 B. 0900 hours C. 1100 hours D. 1300 hours B 002.________is performed during meal hours under usual circumstances. 正常情况下，…会被安排在用餐时间工作 A. Cargo work货物装卸 B. No cargo work不进行货物装卸 C. Ordering work by Agent代理所下的订单工作 D. loading and discharging 装卸 A 003. Loading and discharging can be performed during meal hours _____ A. if the ship is classified as a key vessel 该船为重要船只 B. if agent orders work beforehand 代理预先有所要求 C. under normal circumstances 在正常情况下 D. either A or B A或者B C 004. What does the word “key” mean ________? A. laden满载的 B. small小的 C. pivotal重要的 D. big大的 Passage 3-02 Before arrival in the United Kingdom, the master will have informed his owners or agents of the approximate time of the vessel's arrival at the pilot station for the port of destination. The vessel should be flying her ensign and also her signal letters and the requisite pilot signal when approaching the pilot station. The international signals, as well as any local port signals, can be found in the Sailing Directions, which is also known as the "Pilot Book" When a pilot is required most ports now require due notice of the vessel's ETA to be sent in by radio. However, this does not relieve the ship's obligation to display the pilot signal ("G" by any of the methods of signaling ) until the pilot is aboard when "H" flag will be flown. If the master or first mate of the vessel has a pilotage certificate for the district then the above is unnecessary, in such case the pilot flag (white and red horizontal halves, as on the pilot vessel) will be flown. 在到达英国之前，船长会在引航站通知他的业主或代理到达目的港的大致时间。船舶应该在靠近引航站时升起船旗和她的信号字以及必要的控制信号。国际信号，以及本地港口的任何信号，都可以在航路指南也叫做水路指南的书中找到。大多数港口现在需要引航员通过无线电适时通知其船只的预计到达时间。但是，只有当引航员在甲板上升起H旗才算是免除船舶显示控制信号的义务（“G“的通过对信号的方法之一）。如果该船只的船长或大副有一个该区的引航证，则不需要进行上述行为。在这种情况下，将需升起引航旗。 B 005. While the pilot is on ship, ________should be displayed on the top of the ship mast. 当引航员在船上，…需要展示在船桅顶端 (1) "G" flag G旗(2) "H" flag H旗 A. only (1) 只有（1） B. only (2) 只有（2） C. both (1) and (2) （1）以及（2） D. (1) plus (2) （1）加上（2） A 006. What's the meaning of the "ETA"________ ETA的意思是…. A. Estimated time of Arrival 预计到达时间
Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语
1.A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night(英语阅读理解) A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. Six or seven sleeping hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn't it? 一个奇怪的事情发生在几乎每个人身上，并且都在晚上。他们关上灯，拉上了窗帘和闭上他们的眼睛。六或七小时的睡眠后，他们再次醒来。奇怪，不是吗？ Sleep is a great puzzle. Scientists and doctors would like to talk about why one can't fall asleep. They are not so sure what causes sleep. 睡眠是一个伟大的谜。科学家和医生谈谈为什么不能入睡。他们不知道什么是睡眠的原因。 You will sleep best both when you are in good health and when you don't eat too much or too little. No worries and a comfortable place to sleep are important, too.你会睡得最好当你身体健康时，你不要吃太多或太少。不用担心，一个舒适的睡眠环境是重要的。 Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you often move. You would feel tired ever if you didn't move. You also dream. Part of your brain is still awake when you dream. Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination parts of your brain are still awake. 奇怪的事情发生在睡眠期间。例如，你经常搬家。你会觉得累，如果你没有动。你也做梦。你大脑的一部分仍然是清醒的时候，您也做梦。做梦时发生的记忆和想象的部分你的大脑仍然清醒。 Don't worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were finished while the writers were dreaming. 别担心，如果你有梦想。一些伟大的故事和诗歌的作家会完成梦想。 根据短文内容,判断下列句子正(T)、误( F) 。 1. A strange thing happens to only someone at night.T 2. Scientists and doctors are both sure what causes people's sleep.F 3. When you are in good health, you can sleep very well at night.T 4. The writer means that some dreams are good for people.T 5. If you eat too much or too little before sleep, you won't sleep well.T 2. At the Barber's Shop 在理发店 Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he 杰克去一家理发店剪了头发，但是当他出来时，他 was not happy with the result. When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed 是不满意的结果。当他的朋友鲍波看到他时，他笑了 and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?" 说，“你的头发怎么了，杰克？” Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied 杰克说，“我今天尝试了新的理发店，因为我不是很满意 with my old one, but this one seems even worse." 旧的，但是这一次似乎更差。” Bob agreed. "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what 他同意了。”是的，我想你是对的，杰克。现在我要告诉你 to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair, 做的时候，你走进一家理发店下时间：看所有理发师的头发， find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."
1.答案：D 下列哪种信号在救生艇上不配备？自动点火信号 2.答案：A 根据国际海事组织规则，反光带应该安放在救生艇外面 3.答案：D 下面哪一个在在救生筏上不需要---救生圈 4.答案：C 全封闭式救生艇的安全带已经检查过了吗？ 5.答案：C 防火救生艇被发现是良好的 6.答案：B 我们每三个月测试防火救生艇的喷水防火系统，连同弃船训练。 7.答案：D 你的救生艇配备有锚爪拉索吗？ 8.答案：C 在静水压力释放器上涂漆是被禁止的，因为它将会减弱灵敏度 9.答案：C 二氧化碳室的钥匙放在哪里？位于临近房间的“击碎玻璃”面卡的惹人注意的的墙壁上 10.答案：A 消防员装备由安全灯，防护衣，钢盔，呼吸器组成。 11.答案：C 关于莫卡托投影下面哪项不正确，它总是能提供真实的距离 12.答案：B 为什么在莫卡托海图上距离总是由最近的比例测量，因为它与每个纬度成比例 13.答案：A 什么是航向？航向是船舶指示的方向 14.答案：D 在北纬60度15分经度是多长？7.5海里 15.答案：C 关于磁罗经下面哪项是不正确的？磁罗经总是放在刚性结构里面 16.答案：C 关于旋转罗盘的用途下面哪项正确？旋转罗盘需要经常被核查 17答案：D 什么会影响回声探测仪的精度？水的温度和密度. 18.答案：A 当回声探测仪使用于一层淡水位于高密度海水之上的河口时将发生什么？ 出现散射层 19.答案：D 关于GPS的用途，下列哪项是不正确的？GPS能在任何条件下提供实时 的位置 20.答案：A 毫无疑问雷达是一种非常重要的助航设备。但是值班驾驶员在使用的时 候应该注意到他的距离读 21.答案：D 关于雷达信标，下列哪项是不正确的？雷达信标能用来取代雷达 22.答案：D 雷达信标能帮助做什么？识别航标。 23.答案：B 电子海图和信息显示系统用来做什么？电子海图显示和信息系统 24.答案：C 航标协会浮标系统分为两类：侧标系统和界标系统 25.答案：B 侧标系统用于限制水道例如浮筒航道 26.答案：A 在侧面左手标，当从海上驶向岸时绿色浮标保持在右舷，红色在左舷 27.答案：D 关于分道通航制下列哪项是不正确的？当在分道通航制区域改变一般交 通规则 28.答案：C 你怎样进行移线定位？隔段时间获取一次陆标方位并且隔段时间测量所 走的距离 29.答案：C 在分道通航制区域谁有优先权？左舷来的船 30.答案：A 在欧洲，当驶向沿岸时将会看到航标协会右舷指示侧标是什么颜色？绿色 31.答案：D 当潮汐使海水每天升降两次形成流或者潮流，形成一种结果是流，或者形 成潮流 32.答案：C 当回落的时候，潮流将会有一段时间很小或者几乎没有。这叫做平潮 33.答案：B 两个高潮之间的平均时间是12小时25分钟，因为这个时候发生在月亮在 地球对面 34.答案：C 什么是潮高？最低天文潮上的水位 35.答案：A 正确使用VHF16频道和工作频道的方法是什么？在16频道上船舶能呼叫 其他的船，但是需要尽快的移动到工作频道
英语阅读理解带翻译10篇：给予Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?”I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.” 像大多数人，我长大看待生命是一个过程获得。直到我在30月底，我作出这一重要发现：给予，距离使我们的生活如此更令人兴奋的。您不必担心如果缺乏资金。这是我尝试让-消失。如果一个主意，可以改善窗口显示一个闪烁附近商店给我，我的步骤，并提出上述建议的仓库保管员。一发现我付出，离开是，它几乎是不可能放弃任何在这个世界上，没有得到回报，尽管返回往往在一个意想不到的形式。一个星期天上午，当地邮局作了重要特别
第一章材料及其性能 1。1金属和非金属 许多属性具有材料之一，其机械性能，在大多数情况下，是最重要的，因此，他们将在本书太多的考虑。所有关键部件和元件，其中一个高可靠性的要求，都是用金属制作的，而不是玻璃，塑料或石头。已升了SEC，金属的特点是金属键；在正离子占据晶格的网站和周围的电子气。所有非金属离子和共价键。这些类型的债券是刚性的，是由于两个不同的电荷离子的静电引力。由于金属键，金属塑性变形能力和自我强化的塑性变形。因此，如果在一个物质或者元素的形状是这样，有应力集中的缺陷，在这些点上的应力可以达到一个巨大的价值，甚至导致开裂。但是，由于材料的塑性越高，金属在塑性变形这一点，说，在裂纹尖端，经过强化，骨折的过程中，涉及到一个逮捕。这不是在非金属发生。他们是不可能的塑性变形和自我强化；因此，裂缝将尽快在缺损的尖端的应力超过一定值时发生。这些事实说明为什么金属是可靠的结构材料和不可超越的非金属材料。 1。2铁合金 以上的人类使用的金属材料，重量90%铁合金。这代表了范围广泛的组织工程材料的一个巨大的家庭及相关性质。工程设计要求结构承重或电力传输大多数涉及铁合金。作为一个实际问题，这些合金分为基于碳在合金成分两大类。钢通常包含在0。05和2重量%的碳。铸铁通常含有2和4.5重量%的碳之间。在钢的范畴，我们应当区分是否显着量的合金元素碳以外的使用。的组合物的5重量%的总的非碳的加入将作为低合金高合金钢之间的边界。这些合金元素都经过精心挑选，因为他们总是带来大幅增加材料成本。只有在性能如强度高、耐蚀性能提高的改进证明他们是必不可少的。 2。钢的热处理的1原则 热处理在现代机械工程的作用不能被高估。在因热处理金属性能的变化是极为重要的意义。 2。1。1温度和时间 目的的任何热处理工艺是通过加热到指定的温度和随后的冷却产生在金属结构所需的变化。 因此，在热处理的主要因素是温度和时间，所以，任何热处理过程可以在温度时间（Tτ）坐标表示 热处理条件的特点是通过以下参数：加热温度T最大，即为合金金属加热的最高温度；在加热温度τH保温时间；加热速率νH和冷却速率 如果加热（或冷却）是在一个恒定的速率，温度时间关系会以各自的角度倾斜的直线描述。 用不同加热（或冷却）率，实际利率应归功于给定的温度，更严格，温度和时间的无限变化，温度在时间上的第一衍生物：ν行为= dt的/ Dτ 热处理是一个复杂的过程，包括多个加热阶段，中断或分步加热（冷却），冷却到零度以下的温度，等。任何热处理过程可以由温度时间图坐标描述。 2。1。2奥氏体的形成 珠光体向奥氏体转变只发生在平衡临界点在一个非常缓慢的加热如下的Fe-C相图。一般情况下，转型是弱智，导致过热，即发生在温度略高于Fe-C图表示。
最新英语阅读理解带翻译范文:生命之 坚持 Some people insist that only today and tomorrow matter. But how much poorer we would be if we really lived by that rule! So much of what we do today is frivolous and futile and soon forgotten. So much of what we hope to do tomorrow never happens. The past is the bank in which we store our most valuable possession: the memories that give meaning and depth to our lives. Those who truly treasure the past will not bemoan the passing of the good old days, because days enshrined in memory are never lost. Death itself is powerless to still a remembered voice or erase a remembered smile. And for one boy who is now a man, there is a pond which neither time nor tide can change, where he can still spend a quiet hour in the sun. 一些人坚持认为只有今日与明日最重要。可要按这条规则来生活的话，我们将会变得更加可怜。今天我们所做之事有多少是琐碎无功的，很快就被人遗忘.又有多少我们明天要为之事将会成为泡影。过去是一所银行。我们将最可贵的财富——记忆珍藏其中，这些记忆赋予我们生命的意义和厚度。真正珍惜过去之人不会为美好时光逝去而哀叹。那些珍藏于记忆的时光是永远不会消失的。死亡本身也无法止住记忆中的声音，或擦除记忆中的微笑。对于已经长大成人的小男孩来说，那儿将会有一个池塘。它不会因时间和潮汐而改变，可以让他大继续在阳光下享受静谧的时光。
英语阅读理解带翻译10篇：给予 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?”I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t