Scattered through the seas of the world are billions of tons of small plants and animals called plankton. Most of these plants and animals are too small for the human eye to see. They drift about lazily with the currents, providing a basic food for many larger animals. Plankton has been described as the equivalent of the grasses that grow on the dry land continents, and the comparison is an appropriate one. In potential food value however, plankton far outweighs that of the land grasses. One scientist has estimated that while grasses of the world produce about 49 billion tons of valuable carbohydrates each year. The sea’s plankton generates more than twice as much.
Despite its enormous food potential, little effort was made until recently to farm plankton as we farm grasses on land. Now marine scientists have at last begun to study this possibility, especially as the sea’s resources loom even more important as a means of feeding an expanding world population.
No one yet has seriously suggested that “planktonburgers” may soon become popular around the world. As a possible farmed supplementary food source, however, plankton is gaining considerable interest among marine scientists.
One type of plankton that seems to have great harvest possibilities is a tiny shrimplike creature called krill. Growing to two or three inches long, krill provide the major food for the giant blue whale, the largest animal ever to inhabit the Earth. Realizing that this whale may grow 100 feet and weigh 150 tons at maturity, it is not surprising that each one devours more than one ton of krill daily.
Krill swim about just below the surface in huge schools sometimes miles wide, mainly in the cold Antarctic. Because of their pink color, they often appear as a solid reddish mass when viewed from a ship or from the air. Krill are very high in food value. A pound of these crustaceans contains about 460 calories—about the same as shrimp or lobster, to which they are related.
If the krill can feed such huge creatures as whales, many scientists reason, they must certainly be contenders as new food source for humans.
1.Which of the following best portrays the organization of the passage?
A.The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of plankton as a food source.
B.The author quotes public opinion to support the argument for farming plankton.
C.The author classifies the different food sources according to amount of carbohydrate.
D.The author makes a general statement about plankton as a food source and then moves to a specific example.
2.According to the passage, why is plankton regarded to be more valuable than land grasses?
A.It is easier to cultivate.
B.It produces more carbohydrates.
C.It does not require soil.
D.It is more palatable.
3.Why does the author m ention “planktonburgers”?
A.To describe the appearance of one type of plankton.
B.To illustrate how much plankton a whale consumes.
C.To suggest plankton as a possible food sources.
D.To compare the food values of beef and plankton.
4.What is mentioned as one conspicuous feature of krill?
A.They are the smallest marine animals.
B.They are pink in color.
C.They are similar in size to lobsters.
D.They have grass like bodies.
5.The author mentions all of the following as reasons why plankton could be considered a human food source except that it is ___.
A.high in food value.
B.in abundant supply in the oceans.
C.an appropriate food for other animals.
D.free of chemicals and pollutants.
答案：DBCBD
In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any country – from 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985 – that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, however, was in manufacturing, and especially in no –blue-collar jobs…
This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no larger a proportion of the labor force I n manufacturing than developed countries now employ in farming – at most, 10 percent. Today the United States employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. In some major industries the drop will be even sharper. It is quite unrealistic, for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more than one –third of its present blue-collar force 25 years hence, even though production might be 50 percent higher.
If a company, an industry or a country does not in the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same time sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitive – or e ven to remain “developed.” The attempt to preserve such blue –collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment…
This is not a conclusion that American politicians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issue even more it that the United States is experiencing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of the substitution of knowledge and capital for manual labor. Where we spoke of mechanization a few decades ago, we now speak of “robotization “ or “automation.” This is actually more a change in terminology than a change in reality. When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909, he cut the number of man – hours required to produce a motor car by some 80 percent in two or three years –far more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete robotization. But there is no doubt that we are facing a new, sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by machines –that is, by the products of knowledge.
1.According to the author, the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force demonstrates______.
A.the degree to which a country’s production is robotized
B.a reduction in a country’s manufacturing industries
C.a worsening relationship between labor and management
D.the difference between a developed country and a developing country
2.According to the author, in coming 25years, a developed country or industry, in order t remain competitive, ought to ______.
A.reduce the percentage of the blue-collar work force
B.preserve blue – collar jobs for international competition
C.accelerate motor –can manufacturing in Henry Ford’s style
D.solve the problem of unemployment
3.American politicians and labor leaders tend to dislike_____.
A.confusion in manufacturing economy
B.an increase in blue – collar work force
C.internal competition in manufacturing production
D.a drop in the blue – collar job opportunities
4.The word “prescription” in “a prescription for unemployment” may be the equivalent to ______
A.something recommended as medical treatment
B.a way suggested to overcome some difficulty
C.some measures taken in advance
D.a device to dire
5.This passage may have been excepted from ________
A.a magazine about capital investment
B.an article on automation
C.a motor-car magazine
D.an article on global economy
答案：AADCD
What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good deal depends, of course, on the meaning of “future”. If one is thi nking in terms of science fiction and the space age, it is at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing. Writers of science fiction, from H.G. Wells onwards, have had little to say on the subject. They have conveyed the suggestion that men will live in great comfort, with every conceivable apparatus to make life smooth, healthy and easy, if not happy. But they have not said what his house will be made of. Perhaps some new building material, as yet unimagined, will have been discovered or invented at least. One may be certain that bricks and mortar(泥灰，灰浆) will long have gone out of fashion.
But the problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined. Scientists have already pointed out that unless something is done either to restrict the world’s rapid growth in population or to discover and develop new sources of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of starvation or at the best suffering from underfeeding before this century is out. But nobody has yet worked out any plan for housing these growing populations. Admittedly the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world, where housing can be light structure or in backward areas where standards are traditionally low. But even the minimum shelter requires materials of some kind and in the teeming, bulging towns the low-standard “housing” of flattened petrol cans and dirty canvas is far more wasteful of ground space than can be tolerated.
Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to arise in many other places during the next generation. Literally millions of refugees arrived to swell the already growing population and emergency steps had to be taken rapidly to prevent squalor(肮脏)and disease and the spread crime. The city is tackling the situation energetically and enormous blocks of tenements(贫民住宅)are rising at an astonishing aped. But Hong Kong is only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not merely a housing problem, because when population grows at this rate there are accompanying problems of education, transport, hospital services, drainage, water supply and so on. Not every area may give the same resources as Hong Kong to draw upon and the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease.
1.What is the author’s opinion of housing problems in the first paragraph?
A.They may be completely solved at sometime in the future.
B.They are unimportant and easily dealt with.
C.They will not be solved until a new building material has been discovered.
D.They have been dealt with in specific detail in books describing the future.
2.The writer is sure that in the distant future ___.
A.bricks and mortar will be replaced by some other building material.
B.a new building material will have been invented.
C.bricks and mortar will not be used by people who want their house to be fashionable.
D.a new way of using bricks and mortar will have been discovered.
3.The writer believes that the biggest problem likely to confront the world before the end of the century ___.
A.is difficult to foresee.
B.will be how to feed the ever growing population.
C.will be how to provide enough houses in the hottest parts of the world.
D.is the question of finding enough ground space.
4.When the writer says that the worst situations will occur in the hottest parts of the world or in backward areas, he is referring to the fact that in these parts ___.
A.standards of building are low.
B.only minimum shelter will be possible.
C.there is not enough ground space.
D.the population growth will be the greatest.
5.Which of the following sentences best summarizes Paragraph 3?
A.Hong Kong has faced a serious crisis caused by millions of refugees.
B.Hong Kong has successfully dealt with the emergency caused by millions of refugees.
C.Hong Kong’s crisis was not only a matter of housing but included a number of other problems of population growth.
D.Many parts of the world may have to face the kind of problems encountered by Hong Kong and may find it much harder to deal with them.
答案：AABDD
Proxemics(空间关系学) is the study of what governs how closely one person stands to another. People who feel close will be close, though the actual distances will vary between cultures. For Amreicans we can discern four main categories of distance: intimate, personal, social and public. Intimate ranges from direct contact to about 45 centimeters. This is for the closest relationships such as those between husband and wife. Beyond this comes personal distance. This stands at between 45 and 80 centimeters. It is the most usual distance maintained for conversations between friends and relatives. Social distance covers people who work together or are meeting at social gatherings. Distances here tend to be kept between 1.30 to 2 meters. Beyond this comes public distance, such as that between a lecturer and his audience.
All cultures draw lines between what is an appropriate and what is an inappropriate social distance for different types of relationship. They differ, however, in where they draw these lines. Look at an international reception withrepresentatives from the US and Arabic countries conversing and you will see the Americans pirouetting(快速旋转) backwards around the hall pursued by their Arab partners. The Americans will be trying to keep the distance between themselves and their partners which they have grown used to regarding as “normal”. They probably will not even notice themselves trying to adjust the distance between themselves and their partners, though they may have vague feeling that their Arab neighbors are being a bit “pushy”. The Arab, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the norm, may be feeling that the Americans are being “stand-offish”. Finding themselves happier standing close to and even touching those they are in conversation with they will persistently pursue the Americans round the room trying to close the distance between them.
The appropriateness of physical contact varies between different cultures too. One study of the number of times people conversing in coffee shops over a one hour period showed the following interesting variations: London, 0; Florida, 2; Paris, 10; and Puerto Rico 180. Not only dose it vary between societies, however, it also varies between different subcultures within one society. Young people in Britain, for example, are more likely to touch and hug friends than are the older generation. This may be partly a matter of growing older, but it also reflects the fact that the older generation grew up at a time when touching was less common for all age groups. Forty years ago, for example, footballers would never hug and kiss one another on the field after a goal as they do today.
1.In proxemics, ____governs the standing space between two persons.
A. distance
B. culture
C. conversation
D. relationship
2.The word “stand-offish”(Line 14, Para. 2) could best be replaced by_________.
A. cold and distant in behaviour
B. ungentlemanlike in behaviour
C. inhuman in behaviour
D. polite in behaviour
3. In conversation with an American partner at an international reception, an Arab deems that close distant is _________.
A. appropriate
B. inappropriate
C. rash
D. impetuous
4. We can infer from the third paragragh that the appropriateness of physical contact also varies with_________.
A. time
B. city
C. country
D. people
5. The best title for the passage would be __________.
A. Proxemics
B. Appropriateness of Social Distance
C. Appropriateness Relationships Between Two Persons
D. Appropriateness Physical Contact Between Two Persons
答案DAAAA
In the past century Irish painting has changes from a British-influenced lyrical tradition to an art that evokes the ruggedness and roots of an Irish Celtic past. At the turn of the twentieth century Irish painters, including notables Walter Frederick Osborne and Sir William Orpen, looked elsewhere for influence. Osborne’s exposure to “plein air” painting deeply impacted his stylistic development; and Orpen allied himself with a group of English artists, while at the same time participated in the French avant-garde experiment, both as painter and teacher.
However, nationalist energies were beginning to coalesce (接合)，reviving interest in Irish culture-including Irish visual arts. Beatrice Elvery’s (1907), a landmark achievement, merged the devotional simplicity of fifteenth-century Italian painting with the iconography (肖像画法) of Ireland’s Celtic past, linking the history of Irish Catholicism with the still-nasce t (初生的) Irish republic. And, although also captivated by the French plein air school, Sir John Lavery invoked the mythology of his native land for a 1928 commission to paint the central figure for the bank note of the new Irish Free State. Lavery chose as this figure, with her arm on a Celtic harp (竖琴)，the national symbol of independent Ireland.
In Irish painting from about 1910, memories of Edwardian romanticism coexisted with a new sense of realism,exemplified by the paintings of Paul Henry and Se Keating, a student of Orpen’s. realism also crept into the work of Edwardians Lavery and Orpen, both of whom made paintings depicting World WarⅠ,Lavery with a distanced Victorian nobility, Orpen closer to the front, revealing a more sinister and realistic vision. Meanwhile, counterpoint to the Edwardians and realists came Jack B. Yeats, whose travels throughout the rugged and more authentically Irish West led him to depict subjects ranging from street scenes in Dublin to boxing matches and funerals. Fusing close observations of Irish life and icons with an Irish identity in a new way, Yeats changed the face of Irish painting and became the most important Irishartist of his century.
1. Which of the following art most probably exerted the greatest influence on Irish painting in the 19th century?
A. British lyrical tradition
B. French avant-garde experiment
C. notionalist energies
D. Italian painting
2. It is implied_________was least influenced by the contemporary art of Frence.
A. Sir John Lavery
B. Sir William Orpen
C. Beatrice Elvery
D. Se Keating
3. Which of the following best explains the author’s use of the word “counterpoint” in referring to Yeats?
A. Yeats’ paintings differed significantly in subject matter from
those of his contemporaries in Ireland.
B. Yeats reacted to the realism of his contemporary artists by invoking nineteenth-century naturalism in his own painting style.
C. Yeats avoided religious and mythological themes in favor of mundane portrayals of Irish life.
D. Yeats built upon the realism painting tradition, elevating it to unprecedented artistic heights.
4. The author points out the coexistence of romanticism and realism most probably in order to show that_________.
A. Irish painters of the early twentieth century tended to romanticize the harsh reality of war
B. for a time painters from each school influenced painters from the other school
C. Yeats was influenced by both the romantic and realist schools of Irish painting
D. the transition in Irish painting from one predominant style to the other was not an abrupt one
5. The most likely topic of the paragraph followed is _________.
A. The Role of Celtic Mythology in Irish Painting
B. Who Deserves Credit for the Preeminence of Yeats among Irish Painters?
C. Realism vs. Romanticism: Ireland’s Struggle for National Identity
D. Irish Paintings: Reflections of an Emerging Independent State
答案AAADD
It being not only possible but even easy to predict which ten-year-old boys are at greatest risk of growing up to be persistent offenders, what are we doing with the information? Just about the last thing that we should do is to wait until their troubles have escalated in adolescence and then attack them with the provisions of the new Criminal Justice Bill.
If this bill becomes law, magistrates will have the power to impose residential care orders. More young people will be drawn into institutional life when all the evidence shows that this worsens rather than improves their prospects. The introduction of short sharp shocks in detention centers will simply give more young people a taste of something else they don’t need; the whole regime of detention centers is one of toughening delinquents, and if you want to train someone to be anti-establishment, “I can’t think of a better way to do it,” says the writer of this report.
The Cambridge Institute of Criminology comes up with five key factors that are likely to make for delinquency: a low income family a large family, parents deemed by social workers to be bad at raising children, parents who themselves have a criminal record, and low intelligence in
the child. Not surprisingly, the factors tend to overlap. Of the 63 boys in the sample who had at least three of them when they were ten, half became juvenile delinquents—compared with only a fifth of the sample as a whole.
Three more factors make the prediction more accurate: being judged troublesome by teachers at the age of ten, having a father with at least two criminal convictions and having another member of the family with a criminal record. Of the 35 men who had at least two of these factors in their background 18 became persistent delinquents and 8 more were in trouble with the law.
Among those key factors, far and away the most important was having a parent with a criminal record, even if that had been acquired in the distant past, even though very few parents did other than condemn delinquent behavior in their children.
The role of the schools emerges as extremely important. The most reliable prediction of all on the futures of boys came from teachers’ ratings of how troublesome they were at the age of ten. If the information is there in the classroom there must be a response that brings more attention to those troublesome children: a search for things to give them credit for other than academic achievement, a refusal to allow them to go on playing truant, and a fostering of ambition and opportunity which should start early in their school careers.
1.According to the author, delinquency should be tackled ___.
A.before adolescence
B.during institutional treatment
C.during adolescence
D.when the problem becomes acute
2.The number of young offenders could be reduced by the way of ___.
A.new legal measures
B.better residential care
C.brief periods of harsh punishment
D.examination of their backgrounds
3.What is the outcome result of putting young offenders into detention centers?
A.They become more violent
B.They receive useful training
C.They become used to institutions
D.They turn against society
4.Ten-year-old children likely to become offenders are usually___.
A.spoilt children from small families.
B.bright children in a poor family.
C.dull children with many brothers and sisters.
D.children whose parents have acquired wealth dishonestly.
5.The writer concludes that potential offenders could be helped by
___.
A.spending more time at school
B.more encouragement at school
C.more activities outside school
D.stricter treatment from teachers
答案：ADDCB
The word religion is derived from the Latin noun religio, which denotes both earnest observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. At one extreme, many committed believers recognize only their own tradition as a religion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer exclusively to the practices of their tradition. Although many believers stop short of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition, they may nevertheless use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion for example, true love of God, or the path of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion may be equated with ignorance, fanaticism, or wishful thinking.
By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a single, fixed meaning, or even a zone with clear boundaries. It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of life and society. Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories such as monotheism (belief in one god only) or to church structure, which are not universal. For example, in tribal societies, religion unlike the Christian church usually is not a separate institution but pervades the whole of public and private life.
In Buddhism, gods are not as central as the idea of a Buddha. In many traditional cultures, the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. Because of this variety, some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to designate the common foundation of religious life.
Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics. Religion includes patterns of behavior but also patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes a highly organized institution that sets itself apart from a culture, and it is sometimes an integral part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressed in visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law. Each of these
elements assumes innumerable cultural forms. In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural environments.
1.What is the passage mainly concerned about?
A.Religion has a variety of interpretation.
B.Religion is a reflection of ignorance.
C.Religion is not only confined to the Christian categories.
D.Religion includes all kinds of activities.
2.What does the word “observance” probably convey in Para. 1?
A.notice
B.watching
C.conformity
D.experience
3.According to the passage what people generally consider religion to be?
A.Fantastic observance
B.Spiritual practice
C.Individual observance of tradition
D.A complex of activities
4.Which of the following is not true?
A.It is believed by some that religion should be what it ought to be.
B.“The path of enlightenment” is a definition that the author doesn’t agree to.
C.According to the author, the committed believers define religion improperly.
D.The author doesn’t speak in favor of the definition of “the sacred”.
5.Which of the following is religion according to the passage?
A.Performance of human beings.
B.Buddha, monotheism and some tribal tradition.
C.Practice separated from culture.
D.All the above.
答案：ACBDB
You stare at waterfall for a minute or two, and then shift your gaze to its surroundings. What you now see appears to drift upward.
These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the body’s sensors and interpreting what must be happening—that your brain must have moved, not the other; that downward motions is now normal, so a change from it must now be perceived as upward motion.
The sensors that make this magic are of two kinds. Each eye contains about 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white
vision. These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burning ten miles away.
Color vision in each eye comes from six to seven million structures called cones. Under ideal conditions, every cone can “see” the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, a third to blue.
Rods and cones send their messages pulsing an average 20 to 25 times per second along the optic nerve. We see an image for a fraction of a second longer than it actually appears. In movies, reels of still photographs are projected onto screens at 24 frames per second, tricking our eyes into seeing a continuous moving picture.
Like apparent motion, color vision is also subject to unusual effects. When day gives way to night, twilight brings what the poet T.S. Eliot called “the violet hour.” A light levels fall, the rods become progressively less responsive. Rods are most sensitive to the shorter wavelengths of blue and green, and they impart a strange vividness to the garden’s blue flowers.
However, look at a white shirt during the reddish light of sunset, and you’ll still see it in its “true” color—white, not red. Our eyes are constantly comparing an object against its surroundings. They therefore observe the effect of a shift in the color of illuminating on both, and adjust accordingly.
The eyes can distinguish several million graduations of light and shade of color. Each waking second they flash tens of millions of pieces of information to the brain, which weaves them incessantly into a picture of the world around us.
Yet all this is done at the back of each eye by a fabric of sensors, called the retina, about as wide and as thick as a postage stamp. As the Renaissance inventor and artist Leonardo da Vinci wrote in wonder, “Who would believe that so small a space could contain the images of all the universe?”
1.Visual illusions often take place when the image of reality is ___.
A.matched to six to seven million structures called cones.
B.confused in the body’s sensors of both rods and cones.
C.interpreted in the brain as what must be the case.
D.signaled by about 120 million rods in the eye.
2.The visual sensor that is capable of distinguishing shades of color is called ___.
A.cones
B.color vision
C.rods
D.spectrum
3.The retina send pulses to the brain ___.
A.in short wavelengths
B.as color pictures
C.by a ganglion cell
D.along the optic nerve.
4.Twenty-four still photographs are made into a continuous moving picture just because ___.
A.the image we see usually stays longer than it actually appears.
B.we see an object in comparison with its surroundings.
C.the eyes catch million pieces of information continuously.
D.rods and cones send messages 20 to 25 times a second.
5.The author’s purpose in writing the passage lies in ___.
A.showing that we sometimes are deceived by our own eyes.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f6445259.html,rming us about the different functions of the eye organs.
C.regretting that we are too slow in the study of eyes.
D.marveling at the great work done by the retina.
答案：CADAB
Art is considered by many people to be little more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case, however; at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.
According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in come way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural—perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To counteract this evil contact, the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medicine man called a “singer” to perform a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being.
During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the “singer” will produce a sandpainting on the floor of the Navaho hogan. On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sandpainting and the “singer” will rub the ailing parts of the patient’s body with sand from a specific figure in the sandpainting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it. After the ceremony, the sandpainting is then destroyed and disposed of so its power will not harm anyone.
The art of sandpainting is handed down from old “singer” to their students. The material used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit; brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is pulverized by being crushed between 2 stones much as corns is ground into flour. The “singer” holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and fore-finger onto a clean, flat surface on the floor. With a steady hand and great patience, he is thus able to create designs of stylized people, snakes and other creatures that
have power in the Navaho belief system. The traditional Navaho does not allow reproduction of sandpaintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this; however, such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft.
1.The purpose of the passage is to ___.
A.discuss the medical uses of sandpaintings in medieval Europe.
B.study the ways Navaho Indians handed down their painting art.
C.consider how Navaho “singer” treat their ailments with sandpaintings.
D.tell how Navaho Indians apply sandpainting for medical purposes.
2.The purpose of a healing ceremony lies in ___.
A.pleasing the ghosts
B.attracting supernatural powers
C.attracting the ghosts
D.creating a sandpainting
3.The “singer” rubs sand on the patient because ___.
A.the patient receives strength from the sand
B.it has pharmaceutical value
C.it decorates the patient
D.none of the above
4.What is used to produce a sandpainting?
A.Paint
B.Beach sand
C.Crushed sandstone
D.Flour
5.Which of the following titles will be best suit the passage?
A.A New Direction for Medical Research
B.The Navaho Indians’ Sandpainting
C.The Process of Sandpainting Creation
D.The Navaho Indians’ Medical History
答案：DBACB
Federal Reserve System, central banking system of the United States, popularly called the Fed. A central bank serves as the banker to both the banking community and the government; it also issues the national currency, conducts monetary policy, and plays a major role in the supervision and regulation of banks and bank holding companies. In the U.S. these function are the responsibilities of key officials of the Federal Reserve System: the Board of Governors, located in Washington, D.C., and the top officers of 12 district Federal Reserve banks, located throughout the nation. The Fed’s actions, described below, generally have a significant effect on U.S. interest rates and, subsequently, on
stock, bond, and other financial markets.
The Federal Reserve’s basic powers are concentrated in the Board of Governors, which is paramount in all policy issues concerning bank regulation and supervision and in most aspects of monetary control. The board enun ciates the Fed’s policies on both monetary and banking matter. Because the board is not an operating agency, most of the day-to day implementation of policy decisions is left to the district Federal Reserve banks, stock in which is owned by the commercial banks that are members of the Federal Reserve System. Ownership in this instance, however, does not imply control; the Board of Governors and the heads of the Reserve banks orient their policies to the public interest rather than to the benefit of the private banking system.
The U.S. banking system’s regulatory apparatus is complex; the authority of the Federal Reserve is shared in some instances for example, in mergers or the examination of banks with other Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). In the critical area of regulating the nation’s money supply in accordance with national economic goals, however, the Federal Reserve is independent within the government, Income and expenditures of the Federal Reserve banks and of the board of governors are not subject to the congressional appropriation process; the Federal Reserve is self-financing. Its income ($20.2 billion in 1992) comes mainly from Reserve bank holdings of income-earning securities, primarily those of the U.S. government. Outlays ($1.5 billion in 1992) are mostly for operational expenses in providing services to the government and for expenditures connected with regulation and monetary policy. In 1992 the Federal Reserve returned 416.8 billion in earnings to the U.S. treasury.
1.The Fed of the United States ___.
A.function as China Bank
B.is the counterpart of People’s Bank of China
C.is subjected to the banking community and government
D.has 13 top officers who can influence the American financial market
2.The fact that stock in the Fed belongs to commercial banks ___.
A.doesn’t mean the latter is in control
B.means the latter is in control
C.means the latter is subjected to the Reserve banks
D.means the Reserve banks orient the latter’s policies
3.Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
A.The fed is a very big, complex and significant system which comprises many local banks.
B.All the commercial banks are not the components of Federal Reserve System.
C.Board of governors is the supreme policy-makers of America.
D.District Reserve banks rather than Board of governors perform the
day-to-day policies.
4.The authority of the federal Reserve ___.
A.has to be shared with other establishments.
B.is exclusive at other times
C.is n’t limited by comptroller of the Currency and FDIC
D.is limited by Board of governors
5.Income of the Board of governors ___.
A.is borrowed from the U.S. treasury
B.is used by the government to make various policies
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f6445259.html,es from the U.S. Treasury
D.is not granted by the government
答案：BACBD
The food irradiation process is a simple one. The new U.S. plant, Vindicator of Florida Incorporated in Mulberry, Fla., uses a material called cobalt 60 to irradiate food. Cobalt 60 is radioactive isotope (form) of the metallic element cobalt. Cobalt 60, which gives off radiation in the form of gamma rays, is also used for radiation therapy for cancer patients and for sterilizing hospital equipment. The radioactive isotope is created by bombarding cobalt with subatomic particles in a nuclear reactor. However, irradiation plants do not themselves contain nuclear reactors.
In the irradiation plant, food is exposed to thin rods of cobalt 60. The rods give off gamma rays, which disrupt chemical processes in contaminating organisms. The disruption breaks down the cell walls of organisms or destroys their genetic material. The dose, set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is enough to kill organisms on food, but not enough to produce significant changes in the food itself.
Although irradiation slightly decreases the nutritive value of foods, the loss is less than that produced by some other methods of food preservation. Canning, for example, results in a much greater loss of nutrients.
Those who object to irradiation say that the process may create substances not found in nonirradiated food. Since the 1960’s researchers have studied irradiated food at microscopic levels to try to find such substances, called unique radiolytic products. After reviewing these studies, the FDA determined that compounds formed during irradiation are similar to substance found in nonirradiated foods and are not dangerous to consume.
Destruction of microorganisms that cause illness is an important goal of irradiation. About 250 million cases of food poisoning or 1 per person—occur every year in the U.S., according to FDA estimates. Food poisoning can cause vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache—and, occasionally, death.
Because of the apparent safety of food irradiation, and the problems presented by contaminated food, scientific groups—including the American Medical Association, the World Health Organization, and the United Nations food and Agriculture Association—have voiced nearly universal support for the process. Worldwide, 38 nations have approved irradiation for 355 products.
Like microwave ovens, food irradiation has aroused apprehension and misunderstanding. Yet it has been scrutinized more thoroughly than other methods of food treatment that we have come to regard as safe, and it appears to be a method whose time has come.
1.Cobalt 60, besides irradiating food, is also employed to ___.
A.detect metallic flaws
B.run a nuclear reactor
C.cure cancer patients
D.strengthen concrete walls
2.Gamma rays used to irradiate food ___.
A.are generally not strong enough to destroy contaminating organisms
B.do not bring about significant changes in the food itself
C.may destroy some of the nutrients in the food
D.should be submitted to FDA for approval
3.Irradiated food ___.
A.certainly loses its nutritive value
B.maintains its nutritive value no different from the nonirradiated
C.keeps its nutritive value better than canned food
D.is recommended as the best of all preserved foods
4.With cases of food poisoning increasing, ___.
A.food irradiation should be carried out with care
B.it is more urgent to irradiate foods
C.medical researches into treatment of the diseased should be strengthened
D.Americans are beginning to accept food irradiation
5.The passage may be taken from ___.
A.a news report
B.a textbook of food processing
C.a book of popular science
D.a manual of food irradiation
答案：CBCCD
阅读理解训练题（十四） A Friend is better than fortune. Friend is worse than poison in some cases. The two sentences above are opposite and seem to be unreasonable but they can be explained as follows: the first refers to all good friends who drive us towards good while the second all bad ones who lead us to wrong ways. My ideal(理想的) friend is of course a good friend whose goodness is shown below-he has no bad likings, such as smoking and drinking. He lives in frugality(节俭). He studies hard so as not to waste his golden time. At home he honors his parents and loves his brothers; at school he respects his teachers and shares feelings of his classmates. He treats those truly who are true to him. In a word, he has all the good characters better than mine. I can follow him as a model. With his help I am free from all difficulties, Indeed, if I have such a person as my friend, I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the existence of the word "failure". 56. This passage tells us __ A. how to make friends with others B. how the writer' s friend helps him C. what kind of person the writer's friend is D what kind of person we should make friends with 57. An ideal friend means A. a true friend B. a false friend C. an imaginary friend D. an excellent friend 58. From the passage we can learn that A. the writer and his ideal friend have a lot to learn from each other B. the writer has a lot to learn from his ideal friend C. the writer's ideal friend has a lot to learn from him D. the writer has only a little to learn from his ideal friend 59. From the second paragraph, we can infer the writer is sure that A. nothing cannot be done with friend B. only the first sentence is reasonable C. he who does not smoke or drink must be a good friend D. good friends should always help each other B Life gets noisier every day and very few people can be free from noise of some sort or another. It doesn't matter where you live--in the middle of a modern city, or a faraway village--the chances are that you' 11 be disturbed by jet planes, transistor radios, oil - powered engines, etc. We seem to be getting used to noise, too. Some people feel quite lonely without background music while they' re working. Scientific tests have shown that total silence can be a very frightening experience for a human being. However, some people enjoy listening to pop music which is very loud, and this can do harm to their eardrums(耳鼓). The noise level in some discos is far above the usual safety level for heavy industrial areas. One recent report about noise and concentration(专心) suggested that although a lot of people say that any noise disturbs their concentration, what really influences their ability to concentrate is a change in the level of noise. It goes on to say that a background noise which doesn't change too much(music, for example) may even help people to concentrate. 60. According to this passage, the noise pollution __ A. has become the worst in the countryside B. has become better in big cities
小学语文阅读理解专项练习题 1、种辣椒 常识课上，老师对植物的讲解，把我带到植物世界里。听完课，我动了心，决心种点什么，仔细观察它的生长过程。 回到家，我找到了两个花盆，满心欢喜地种下了辣椒籽。下种后，我每天都要给它浇些水，盼望种子早些发芽。一天中午，弟弟告诉我花盆里出小苗了，我飞一样地跑到窗台前，只见一棵小嫩芽拱出土，又过了两天，好几棵小芽出来了。小芽越来越多，我给小辣椒间苗，把太密的小苗小心翼翼地拔掉了一些。 到了盛夏，每株辣椒已有半尺多高了，它们的茎上都缀满了欲放的花苞，几天后，一朵朵雪白的小花，先后开放了。大约又过了四五天，辣椒就开始结果了，出现了青绿的椭圆形的小辣椒，一个个缀在茎上，真惹人喜爱。 秋风吹进窗来，带进一股香气，辣椒开始由青变红，看上去更让人喜爱。一个个两寸多长的小辣椒挂在枝头对我微笑，感谢我对它们的辛勤培育。收获的时节到了，我满怀欣喜地把成熟的辣椒一个一个摘下，竟收了小半筐。 我看着筐里的辣椒，心想：这多有意思呀！知识来源于实践，而实践又必须付出辛勤的劳动，这难道不是真理吗？ 1．找出文章中点明中心的句子，在下面画横线。 2．把文章分成三段，在段尾用“‖”表示，并写出段意。 3．读下面句子，在括号里写出各运用了什么修辞手法。 ①小辣椒挂在枝头对我微笑，感谢我对它们的辛勤培育。（） ②我飞一样地跑到窗台前。（） 2、蒙蒙的小雨 蒙蒙的小雨正落着，陈红骑着自行车悠然于柏油路上。她没有穿雨衣，因为她觉得在这样细雨中骑车很浪漫。她望着路两边来去匆匆的行人，心想：这些人真是的，干嘛要东躲西藏的。 忽然迎面一辆的士飞驰而来她猛地拐向路边但车把挂在树干上她摔倒了小妹妹没事吧一个小伙子站在她身边问道陈红白了他一眼，没有理他。心想：谁是你的小妹妹？她一翻身想站起来，可左腿的剧痛却使她不得不重新坐在地上，她接连两次试图站起来，都没成功。最后，只好放弃了努力。小伙子一笑，“别逞强了，还是送你上医院吧。”接着，拉起陈红的车子，又扶陈红坐到车架上，推起车子向医院走去。温柔如丝的春雨淅淅沥沥地落着。陈红已不再潇洒，只感到沉重。她坐在车上，望着前面推车的小伙子，不知该说些什么。 她发现小伙子走路不太自然，仔细观察，只见小伙子左腿的袜端与裤腿之间不时地露出一段刺目的棕色。那是什么？啊，他装着一只假腿。陈红想问问他的腿，却不愿张嘴。这时，只听到小伙子自言自语地说：“三年前，我也喜欢在细雨中骑车，那的确很潇洒，可是我却重重地跌倒了，像你一样。不，还不如你。”“噢，你的左腿——？”停了一会儿，小伙子说：“就在那次跌倒时被后面的汽车轧断了。”听了这话，陈红陷入了沉思?? 医院到了，小伙子搀着陈红进了急诊室。“我去通知你父母，你知道他们的电话吗？”陈红把号码告诉了他。不一会儿，陈红的父母风风火火地赶来了。见到女儿腿上雪白的绷带，忙问这问那。陈红把经过告诉了他们，又说，“要不是那位大哥哥，我真不知该怎么办好，哎，他呢？”这时，只听护土小姐说：“那个小伙子，看见你爸妈来后，他就离开医院了。”陈红怔住了：“我还不知他叫什么呢！” 父亲背起陈红，母亲在旁边扶着，一家人走出医院的时候，他们多么希望在人流中再次寻到那小伙子的身影。 1．给第二自然段中没有标点的地方加上标点。 2．联系上下文解释加粗词的意思。
初中语文阅读题训练及答案 一、阅读下文,进行阅读实践。 事业篇 柳斌杰 自然造物,最美好的莫过于人的生命。然而它来去匆匆，惟其珍贵而短暂,所以在人类进步的历程中,每一代青年,在人生之舟起锚开航之际,总要探索人生永存的秘密。 把它裹进花前月下的男女柔情之中?把它交给吃喝玩乐的享受?把它关在金钱筑起的象牙塔里?把它置于戒备森严的高楼深院?古往今来,有多少风华少年,在酒色财气的迷惘中浪费了最宝贵的一生。在前人用生命所写的启示录中, 有一个个惊叹号在警告后人:要谨防灵魂的蛀虫、人生的蟊贼。金钱、财产、享乐，都只能是人们生活中的奴仆，一旦让它们变成人生的主宰，那将是最大的不幸。人们不停地探索，终于找到了人生永存的保险柜，这就是伟大的事业。 事业是人生的常青之树。它植根于人民幸福的土壤中，汇合千千万万的人生，永远生气勃勃，枝繁叶茂。谁的人生与事业不分离，谁就找到了最好的归宿。生命是有限的，而人类进步的事业是永存的。把人生溶进伟大事业的人，它就同事业一样永远年轻，不会消失。 事业是人生的不朽丰碑。人类的史册告诉我们：凡是留下英名的人，总是创造了永存的事业。孔子、司马迁、鲁迅之所以为千秋万代传诵，是因为他们为民族文化宝库增添了财富；屈原、岳飞、郑成功之所以载入史册，是因为他们为中华民族留下了伟大的爱国精神；李自成、洪秀全、孙中山之所以名垂千古，
是因为他们推动了历史的前进；蔡伦、祖冲之、毕升之所以永远为人们纪念，是因为他们贡献了自己的聪明才智，在科学技术领域留下的发明创造，使后人享用不尽。谁做了对人类有益的事业，谁就树了一座人生的不朽丰碑。 和人类历史上的任何事业相比，共产主义事业是最宏伟的，它将给人类创造彻底的、全面的、永恒的幸福。献身于共产主义事业的人们，英名和业绩将永远留在人民心中。我们为能赶上这样辉煌的时代而自豪。新一代青年，只要把自己的一生献给共产主义，那无疑就是在建造人生永存的金字塔。 时代的发展总是把我们青年置于新的起跑线上，注目那无垠的空间和广袤的大地，也许你会感到自己的渺小。是的，一个人的力量是有限的，但是伟大的事业需要汇集平凡的劳动。只要胸怀共产主义的伟大理想，脚踏实地为之奋斗，把人生献给你的岗位、你的工作、你的祖国，你的人生就将洋溢着永久的光彩。（选自《中国青年》1984年第6期） 1.全文论述的中心 是 2.支撑文章中心论点的两个分论点 是 3.文章主要的论证方法 有 4.第四自然段中事例的分类及排列有什么特点?请简要说明。
【部编语文】阅读理解练习题(含答案)经典 一、二年级语文下册阅读理解练习 1．阅读下文，回答问题 拔萝卜 一天，小兔子来拔萝卜，它拔啊拔，就剩下一个大大的萝卜没有拔完，它就去拔那根大 萝卜。可是它怎么拔也拔不上来，它急得转圈跑。小狗看见了，对它说：“我来帮你拔萝卜吧。”它们俩一起拔呀拔，还是拔不上来，这时候小熊来了，它们俩一起说：“小熊的力气大，你来帮我们拔萝卜吧。”小熊说：“好吧。”它们又一起拔啊拔，还是拔不出来，，最后 小象来了，对它们说：“我来帮你们拔萝卜吧”。于是，小象就用长鼻子把一些萝卜叶子卷 上，使劲拔。终于把大萝卜拔上来了。小兔高兴地说：“小狗，小熊，小象，谢谢你们帮我 拔萝卜，我们晚上一起吃蜜汁大萝卜吧！” 到了晚上，小狗，小象，还有小熊都来了，小象先把大萝卜用鼻子卷到了桌子上，小狗 负责把皮刮掉，小兔把大萝卜切开，小熊往上边抹了很多很多的蜜汁。这下，大萝卜成了 又香又脆的蜜汁大萝卜。它们每人都咬一口，呀！这个蜜汁大萝卜实在是太甜了！ （1）这篇短文共________个自然段。 （2）小兔子在拔萝卜，最后一个大萝卜拔不动，________、________、________来帮小兔子拔萝卜。 （3）这个故事告诉我们什么道理？________ A. 团结的力量大。 B. 小象的力气最大了。 C. 蜜汁大萝卜真好吃。 【答案】（1）2 （2）小狗 ；熊 ；小象 （3）A 【解析】 2．读短文，完成练习。 两只小鸟 雨，哗哗哗地下着，树叶、树干全被淋湿了。飞禽走兽都在寻找避雨的地方。 有两只聪明的小鸟，飞到草地上，躲进蘑菇伞下。蘑菇伞摇晃晃地支撑着。 一只小鸟说：“我的左边淋雨了，你往右边靠一靠！” 另一只小鸟说：“我的右边淋湿了，你往左边靠一靠！” 你争我吵，你拥我挤，谁也不往外边靠一靠。挤着，挤着，“咔嚓”一声，蘑菇伞断了……两只小鸟红着脸蛋儿，你看看我，我看看你，不知说什么好！ 雨，仍在哗哗哗地下着…… （1）这篇短文共有________个自然段。 （2）在文中找出下列词语的近义词或反义词。 ①近义词：争——________
阅读理解专题训练与答案 A Picture Show There are 12,000 pictures on show here. You can see the whole Chinese history! Place: City Museum Price: ￥30 Time: 9:00 -5:00 Monday-Friday Films at the Museum There are two European(欧洲的) films on Saturday afternoon at the Museum Theatre. See Broken Window at 2:30. The Workers is at 4:45. For more information, call 84987898. International Picnic Are you tired of eating the same food every day? Come to Central Park on Saturday and enjoy food from all over the world. Delicious and not expensive. Noon to 5:00 Do You Want to Hear “The Zoo”？ “The Zoo”, a popular rock group from Australia, will give their first US concert(音乐会) this Saturday night, at 8 at Rose Hall, City College.
阅读题专项训练 PART ONE ·Look at questions 1-5. ·In each question, which phrase or sentence is correct? ·For each question, mark the correct letter A，B or C. 1、 I am sorry but the files will not be available until 25 January. The files can be delivered ______. A. immediately B. before 25 January C. after 25 January 2、 Mr Ranson called while you were on the phone-he'll try again this afternoon. Mr Ranson ______. A. promised to call back B. left a message C. was put through 3、 Congratulations to Vanessa Clark on her promotion to Brand Manager. Vanessa Clark works in ______. A. production B. marketing C. finance 4、 Sales were good but distribution problems led to a slight drop in profits. The company had problems with ______. A. producing enough goods B. delivering enough goods C. selling enough goods 5、 Tick if you wish to make an immediate purchase. You have to tell the company if you want ______. A. to buy the product B. more information C. a product demonstration PART TWO ·Look at the list below. It shows the contents of a company's Annual Report. ·Decide in which part of the report (A-H) you would find the information (6-10). ·For each question, mark the correct letter (A-H). Stella Group PIc Annual Report A. Chairman's Statement B. National Sales Reports C. Review of Subsidiaries D. Changes in Key Personnel
小学三年级语文阅读理解练习题 （1）________________ 乌鸦真不明白，百灵鸟为什么能够（gou）唱出那么动听的歌来。人们一谈起百灵鸟，都会称赞它。 乌鸦想：我要是能像百灵鸟那样，有一副天生的嗓（sang）子，那该有多好啊！乌鸦实在想不出什么好办法，只好去找百灵鸟请教，求百灵鸟帮它达到目的。 百灵鸟告诉乌鸦："要想有一副好嗓子，唱出美妙（miao）动听的歌声，得每天清早起得早早的，不管春夏秋冬都要坚持（chi）练习，这样长期不断（duan）地练下去，一定会获得成功。 乌鸦还没听完百灵鸟的话，就怏怏地飞走了。 害怕困难的人，什么也不会得到。 1、短文一共有（）个自然段。 2.在开头的横线上，给文段加一个恰当的标题。 3、怎样才能有一别好嗓子呢？百灵鸟是怎么说的，用笔在短文中画下来。 4、乌鸦练成好嗓子了吗？为什么？ ________________________________________________________________ 5、这篇短文告诉我们一个什么道理？把这句话找出来，抄在横线上。 _______________________________________________________________ （2）风筝 风筝的用途很多。据说风筝的最初的用途是用于军事，可用来测量距离，传递情报。后来，风筝的功能由军事用途转为娱(yú)乐。近代，风筝作为体育项目和健身活动开始普及。不仅(jǐn)如此，风筝还是人们喜爱的工艺品。 1.短文围绕哪句话来写的，请用"____"画出来。 2.短文讲了风筝有哪些用途?请简要地写在下面。 ___________________________________________________________________________。 （3）故乡的湖 我家乡有一个美丽的湖，名叫天鹅湖。据说许多年以前，曾经有一群天鹅在这里栖息生活。因此而得（dé de）名。 湖呈圆形，湖水清可见底，碧绿发亮。湖的四周有茂密的树木。其中最引人注目的是垂（chuíchuī）柳，在微风的吹（cuīchuī）动下，柳条迎风起舞。湖水映衬出柳姑娘的身影十分秀美。树下是一片嫩（nèn nùn）绿的草地，草地上开着红的、黄的、蓝的小花。湖面上有一座美丽的小桥，把天鹅湖打扮得更加美丽。 哦，天鹅湖，故乡的湖，我爱你！ （1）概括出第一自然段写了什么内容。 ___________________________________________________________________________。（2）哪个词语能说明湖水很清？用“”划出来。 （3）第二自然段先写了湖水________________、_______________再写湖的四周有 ____________，接着写树下有___________和____________，最后写湖上有_____________。 （4）填上合适的词。
【部编语文】阅读理解训练题经典 一、二年级语文下册阅读理解训练 1．阅读下文，回答问题。 厨师小山羊 小猴在树林里摘了一个黄黄的果子，咬了一口：“哎，酸死了！”原来是个柠檬．他随手一丢。 厨师小山羊看见了，摘回几个柠檬。下午吃点心的时候，小山羊给大伙儿送来甜甜的蛋糕和茶，每杯茶里还放了一片黄黄的柠檬，又酸又香，吃起来别有风味。 小兔在草丛里摘了一个红红的果子，啃了一下：“哎，辣死了！”原来是个红辣椒，他随手一抛。 厨师小山羊看见了，摘回几个红辣椒，烧了一碗麻辣豆腐，大伙儿吃得津津有味，胃口大开。 爱动脑筋的小山羊，把酸的、辣的，都变成好吃的了。 （1）“胃口”有两个意思：①指食欲；②借指对事物或活动的兴趣、欲望。在短文中的意思是________。 （2）柠檬是________（酸辣）的，可小山羊把它做成了________。 （3）短文中，小山羊________的好品质值得我们学习。 【答案】（1）① （2）酸；柠檬茶 （3）爱动脑筋 【解析】 2．我会读一读,做一做。 奶奶的绒线帽 每到冬天,奶奶总要戴那顶灰色的线线帽去街上。 可今天,她却只围了一条长围巾。她说:“绒线帽破了个洞,补一补才能戴。” 我看看绒线帽,想了想,跑回屋里,从箱子里翻出了一副小时候的棉手套,拼下上面那朵小红花放在小洞上比了比,正合适!我用线仔细地补好,放在奶奶的床上。 晚上,我听到奶奶的喊声:“谁帮我补好了帽子,又漂亮,又暖和!” 我偷偷地笑了,这是我的小秘密,要藏在我心里。 （1）“绒”字用部首查字法先査________部,再查________画;用音序査字法先查大写字母________,再査音节________。 （2）给下面句子中画线的词语换个说法,使句意不变。 ①我用线仔细地补好。________ ②奶奶的帽子又漂亮又暖和。________ （3）请你用横线画出奶奶第二次说的话。 （4）文中说“我的小秘密”是指（） A. 奶奶的绒线帽破了个洞。 B. “我”帮奶奶补好了绒线帽。 C. 奶奶总要戴绒线帽去街
阅读理解专题训练二 (含答案)
阅读理解专题训练二：品味语句赏析语言 方法点拨 看修辞手法：比喻、拟人、反复等。 1、把握语言特点看表达方式：描写、议论、抒情等。 看关键词语：动词、形容词等。 2、分析表达效果：结合语境分析妙处：生动形象地写出了……（内容） 3、揭示深刻内涵：联系主旨答作用：表达了……的看法，抒发了……情感，突出了……中心。 答题模式：语言特点+表达效果+深层内涵 （一）枯萎的蒲公英 叶子 ①冬日的午后，阳光虽也明亮，但触一触还是有着沁骨的凉。冬以它的冷漠，裹挟尽百花的艳影，留一地斑驳的枯黄。我不由得竖起大衣的领子。蓦地，一棵蒲公英，出现在我的视野里。 ②那是一株怎样的蒲公英！叶子的边缘已露出萎黄的老态，但还是透着铁一般的绿。【A】叶们努力地贴向地面，那是一种力量爆发前，手脚触地的姿势。也是呢，霜一次又一次从天而降，树叶渐渐飞去，草茎慢慢垂下头来。生命的“红灯”，已经在不远处，正一点点逼近自己，那就用尽全部的力，贴向地面，贴向地面……这就是蒲公英最聪明、最刚强也最负责任的举动。他们明白，要想延续久远，就不能把头昂得太高，这样才能把最沉实的爱，尽可能多地传递给儿女。 ③我的心不由得疼了一下，这像极了我的母亲。 ④去年的这个时节，冬阳阻不住东奔西跑的北风，正如我阻不住我八十岁老母的脚。她在楼下，为我寻挖着蒲公英。“经霜的婆婆丁(蒲公英的俗称)能消炎败火，你这嗓子，应该吃点。” ⑤她半弓着腰，在衰草连片的枯黄里，神情专注地寻找那一小簇一小簇的绿。她时不时地弓下腰，用那曾经丰腴饱满而今肉皮松弛的手，极其小心地翻检着枯黄的草，似乎蒲公英长着脚，一不小心，受了惊吓，就会跑掉了似的。
春天来了 小燕子随着温暖的春风，从遥远的南方飞回来了，一路呼喊着向大地报告：“春天来了！春天来了！” 小草听到燕子的呼喊，睁开惺忪的睡眼，伸一个懒腰，钻出（）的地面。啊！阳光是这么（）！春风是这么（）！ 桃树听到燕子的呼喊，融化了冰冻的水面，池水映着天空。快乐的青蛙和小鱼，在它的怀抱里尽情地游玩。 鸭子听到燕子的呼喊，一个个欢蹦乱跳的来到大自然中，在温暖的阳光下，随着（）的琴声跳起舞，还尽情地唱着：“欢迎你啊，美丽的春天。” 1.把下面的四个词语送回短文中： 温暖松软悠扬明媚 2.春天来了，它们在做什么？ 燕子睁开眼,伸懒腰，钻出地面。 小草融化了冰冻的水面，青蛙和小鱼在水里玩。 桃树笑着扑向水面，把蝌蚪吓的四处逃窜。 池塘来到大自然中，跳起舞，唱着歌。 鸭子从南方飞回来，向大地报告春天来了。 孩子们开出了花朵，散发着清香。 3.文中写春天来了，（），（），（），（）和（）都听到了（）的呼喊。 4.我也能展开想象仿照短文写一写。 柳树听到燕子的呼喊，摇起（），在春风中（）。
做什么事最快乐 小青蛙想，做什么事最快乐呢？ 它跳到大树下问啄木鸟：“叔叔，做什么事最快乐？”啄木鸟说：“（）最快乐。” 它跳到田野里问水牛：“爷爷，做什么事最快乐？”水牛说：“（）最快乐。” 它跳到花丛中问蜜蜂：“小妹妹，做什么事最快乐？”蜜蜂说：“（）最快乐。” 它回到家里问妈妈：“妈妈，做什么事最快乐？为什么啄木鸟叔叔，水牛爷爷，蜜蜂妹妹说的不一样呢？” 妈妈笑着说：“做对别人有用的事，你就会觉得最快乐。” 1.选一选，把词语填在括号里 耕地采蜜捉虫子 2.连一连 大树下问蜜蜂 小青蛙跳到田野里问啄木鸟 花丛中问水牛 3.请按照第二，三，四自然段的格式，再自己设计一问。 它跳到（）问（）：“（），（）？”（）说：“（）。” 4.读了青蛙妈妈说的话，你懂得了什么？
天上飘下来得礼物 ①收衣服得时候,发现一个衣架子就是空得，探身往楼下一瞧,果然又被风刮到楼下去了,喊儿子,去,到楼下林奶奶家得院子里把掉下去得衣服捡上来。儿子愉快地答应着,蹦蹦跳跳地下楼去了。 ②风大得时候，晾晒在阳台上得衣服,常有一两件会被刮到楼下。一楼得林老太太,人有点孤僻，不太好说话。记得刚搬来得时候，一次衣服刮到她家院子里去了，我下楼敲门,想进她家院子捡一下。敲了半天,老太太连门都不肯开,“您到院子外去拿。” ③奇怪得就是，儿子倒就是与楼下得林奶奶挺投缘。那天,又一件衣服掉楼下院子里了,我瞧瞧,离栅栏不远,估计拿根竹竿就能挑出来。我让儿子下去挑挑瞧。儿子趴在栅栏边,用竹竿往里钩衣服得时候，林老太太突然走进了院子,儿子吓得不知所措,我站在阳台上,也隐隐约约听见她说,下次衣服再掉下来,您就从我家进来拿,好不好?儿子点点头。就这样,衣服再被风刮到楼下得院子里,都就是儿子去捡。 ④儿子似乎也挺乐意干这活。每次下去捡衣服,都要好大一会儿才回来。问儿子,在林奶奶家都干什么了?林奶奶喜欢清静,不要打扰了林奶奶。儿子歪着头说,没有啊,林奶奶可喜欢我了,跟我说了好多话。林奶奶告诉我,她孙子跟我差不多大呢，可就是,她只瞧过她得照片,孙子在美国，还从来没回来过呢。 ⑤关于林老太太,我也听社区工作人员谈起过。她们告诉我,林老太太唯一得儿子在美国,很多年没回来过了。老伴去世得早，儿子出国后,老太太就一个人生活。退休后,生活更孤单了,常常一个人闷在家里,跟外面得联系越来越少了，人也变得越来越乖僻。原来就是这样。难怪那次我去敲门，她连门都不肯开。社区工作人员说,您们住她楼上,帮我们留意点，也尽量给老人点照顾。我点点头,又摇摇头，真不知道,怎样帮这个孤僻得老太太。 ⑥日子平淡地过去,风偶尔会将我们家阳台得衣服刮到楼下去。儿子“噔噔噔”地下楼,又“噔噔噔”地上楼。她快乐得像一阵风。有时候,我会问儿子,楼下得林奶奶生活得怎么样啊？儿子想想,说，林奶奶瞧到我得时候,就是很开心得啊。 ⑦一次,儿子下去捡衣服,回来得时候,手上多了一把花花绿绿得糖果。儿子说,这就是林奶奶给得,就是林奶奶家得叔叔,从美国寄回来得。儿子还自豪地说,我还帮林奶奶念了信呢，就是叔叔写给林奶奶得。儿子手上拿得衣服,叠得方方正正。儿子说,咱们家得衣服掉下去后,林奶奶捡起来,帮我们又洗了下,晾干了。我得心里，酸酸得,感动。 ⑧我们与楼下得老太太,仍然没有什么来往。我们得儿子“噔噔噔”地下楼,又“噔噔噔”地上楼。她快乐得像一阵风。有时候,从楼下林老太太得家里,会传来“咯咯”得笑声，一个童声,另一个很苍老。 ⑨春节,我们一家回老家去了。回来时,才听说楼下得林老太太突然去世了,据说就是无疾而终。我们注意到,儿子得眼圈红了。 ⑩人们在整理老人得遗物时,瞧到了一个日记本,记录下了她最后得日子。基本上就是流水账,但就是,老人在日记里多次提到,从楼上刮下来得衣服，以及下来捡衣服得小男孩。老人得日记里，反复出现这样一句话：“那就是从天上飘下来得礼物。”我明白老人得话。那也许就是老人孤寂得生活里,最后一点期盼。 １.本文写了一件什么事,请用简洁得语言概括出来。(３分) 2.文章第③段中“奇怪得就是,儿子倒就是与楼下得林奶奶挺投缘”,仔细阅读文章,哪些地方表现出儿 子与楼下得林奶奶挺投缘?(4分) 3.第⑤段内容就是否可以删除?请说明理由。(3分) 4．文章哪些地方能表现林奶奶性格得孤僻？(3分) 5.第⑦段中“我得心里，酸酸得，感动”。我为什么心里“酸酸得,感动”?(４分) 6.如何理解标题“天上飘下来得礼物”得含义？(３分)
最新阅读理解训练题（word） 一、二年级语文下册阅读理解训练 1．阅读下文，回答问题 做什么事最快乐 小青蛙想，做什么事最快乐呢？ 小青蛙跳到大树下问啄木鸟：“叔叔，做什么事最快乐？”啄木鸟说：“给树木提虫子最快乐。” 小青蛙跳到田野里问水牛：“爷爷，做什么事最快乐？”水牛说：“耕地最快乐。” 小青蛙跳到花丛中问蜜蜂：“小妹妹，做什么事最快乐？”蜜蜂说：“采蜜最快乐。” 小青蛙回到家里问妈妈：“妈妈，做什么事最快乐呀？为什么啄木鸟叔叔、水牛爷爷、蜜蜂妹妹说的不一样呢？” 妈妈笑着说：“其实，他们说的是一个道理，做对别人有用的事，就会觉得最快乐。”（1）写一写它们最快乐的事情。 啄木鸟：________ 水牛：________ 蜜蜂：________ （2）短文中的小青蛙一共有两个疑问，其中第二个疑问是什么？在文中找出来。 （3）妈妈解答了小青蛙的疑问：________ ，就会觉得最快乐。 （4）小青蛙要做的最快乐的事情是（） A. 呱呱地唱歌 B. 快乐地游泳 C. 给庄稼捉害虫 【答案】（1）给树木捉虫子；耕地；采蜜 （2）为什么啄木鸟叔叔、水牛爷爷、蜜蜂妹妹说的不一样呢？ （3）做对别人有用的事 （4）C 【解析】 2．阅读下文，回答问题。 春天来了，温暖的阳光照耀着大地。 啊！春天的景色的确美！小树绿了，桃花红了，杨柳长出了嫩绿的小叶子。小草也从地里钻出来了，给大地铺上了一层“绿毯”。河里的冰雪早已融化，河水在欢快地流淌。小鸟在树上自由自在地歌唱，大雁也从南方飞回来了，美丽的蝴蝶在跳舞，蜜蜂也在花丛中忙着采蜜。花园里百花盛开，红如火，白如雪，粉如霞。好一个花花绿绿的世界。 啊！春天终于来到了，广阔的天地到处生机勃勃。春天多么美丽呀！ （1）给这篇短文加个题目。 （2）照样子写词语。 自由自在、________、________ （3）这篇短文共有________个自然段，第2自然段共有________句话，分别写了________、________、________、________几种动物。
一、现代文阅读 课内阅读。 就在伯父去世那一年的正月里,有一天,是星期六的下午,爸爸妈妈带我到伯父家里去。那时候每到周末,我们姐妹三个轮流跟随着爸爸妈妈到伯父家去团聚。这一天在晚餐桌上,伯父跟我谈起《水浒传》里的故事和人物。不知道伯父怎么会知道我读了《水浒传》,大概是爸爸告诉他的吧。老实说,我读《水浒传》不过囫囵吞枣地看一遍,只注意紧张动人的情节;那些好汉的个性,那些复杂的内容,全搞不清楚,有时候还把这个人做的事情安在那个人身上。伯父问我的时候,我就张冠李戴地乱说一气。伯父摸着胡子,笑了笑,说:“哈哈!还是我的记性好。”听了伯父这句话,我又羞愧,又悔恨,比挨打挨骂还难受。从此,我读什么书都不再马马虎虎了。 1．联系上下文,解释词语。 (1)囫囵吞枣:_________ (2)张冠李戴:__________ 2．用“”画出具体描写“我”读书时“囫囵吞枣”的句子,用“”画出具体描写“我”读书时“张冠李戴”的句子。 3．“哈哈!还是我的记性好。”对这句话理解正确的是( )。 A．伯父夸自己,嘲笑我的记性差 B．这句话表面看是在夸自己记性好,实际上是在用幽默的语言、委婉的语气批评“我”读书太马虎 4．给短文取一个小标题:_______。
《灰椋鸟》节选 夕阳渐渐西沉，晚霞映红了天空，也映红了刺槐林和竹林。天上的鸟越来越少了，可是整个林子里的灰椋鸟还是不愿意过早地安眠。看，这几只刚刚落在枝头上，那几只又马上扑棱棱地飞起。它们的羽毛全变成金红色的了，多么像穿上盛装的少女在翩翩起舞哇！树林内外，百鸟争鸣，呼朋引伴，叽叽啾啾，似飞瀑落入深涧，如惊涛拍打岸滩，整个刺槐林和竹林成了一个天然的俱乐部。这上万只灰椋鸟是在举行盛大的联欢会，还是在庆祝自己的节日要不怎么会这样热闹我被这喧闹而又热烈的场面感染了，竟情不自禁地欢呼起来。 5．给下列字选择正确读音，填序号。 深涧．（________）ān àn 情不自禁．（________）A．jìn īn 6．结合本文给下列词语选择正确的解释，填序号。 （1）百鸟争鸣─（________） A．形容许多鸟在鸣叫。 B.一百只鸟在争论。 （2）呼朋引伴─（________） A．呼唤朋友。 B.呼唤朋友，招引同伴。 7．文中划横线的句子是一个（）句。 A．拟人句。B．比喻句。 8．这段话主要写了（）的场面。 A．灰椋鸟归林后热闹的场面。B．灰椋鸟归林前喧闹而热烈的场面。 9．树林内外，百鸟争鸣......这些灰椋鸟会谈论什么你能写一句关于环保的宣传语吗 ___________________________________________________________________
七年级初中语文阅读理解专题训练 一、现代文阅读 1．现代文阅读阅读下文，回答问题。 心是一棵会开花的树 顾晓蕊 ①故乡的家是一个四合小院，院里有棵粗壮挺拔的洋槐树。到了四月，巨大的树冠华荫如盖，素淡的花苞次第开放，满院流溢着醉人的清香。 ②槐花盛开的时节，团团簇簇洁白的花朵，像迎风舞动的风铃，摇出阵阵欢快的笑声。最开心的，要数采摘槐花。弟弟爬上高高的树杈，用带钩的竹竿把槐枝扭断，我拾起落到地上的枝条，沿着细茎轻轻一捋（luō，用手握着条状物，顺着移动、抚摩），一嘟噜（一串）花朵落进筐里。 ③在那贫寒的年代，槐花无疑是一道美食。或蒸或炒，皆唇齿留香。然而，苍翠遒劲的老槐树，在一个电闪雷鸣的夜晚，如巨人般轰然倒下。翌日清晨，发现槐树被拦腰截断，细碎的花瓣飘落一地，生命的华美与脆弱瞬间交替，让人久久地怅然无语。 ④此后不久，我们便搬家了。十余年时光缓缓淌过，日子过得平淡而适意。三年前的一天，宁静的生活被突如其来的电话打破。妈妈放下电话，脸色煞白，双手颤抖，对爸爸说：“儿子在工地上出事了！” ⑤那是怎样惊心的一幕，现场发生爆管事故，弟弟身上多处烫伤，从八米平台跌落下来。他在重症病房里，度过了生命中最难挨的两个月。出院后，他不愿照镜子，也不愿出门见人，每天把自己锁在房间里，独自舔舐着心底的伤痛。 ⑥妈妈说：“这样会闷出病来，出去走一走吧。”我想了又想，决定陪弟弟回故乡。踏上魂牵梦萦的热土，我的心里充满期待与忐忑，不知这一趟旧地重游，将给弟弟带来怎样的影响。 ⑦走进童年的小院，一阵阵清香扑面而来，浓烈而又执着。抬头望去，记忆里被风雨摧毁的洋槐树，竟奇迹般出现在眼前，变得更加枝繁叶茂。弟弟径直向前，缓缓走到槐树下，把身体贴近树干，紧紧地拥抱那棵树。 ⑧那一刻，安静极了。忽然，一阵清风拂过，雪白柔软的槐花，落在他的衣襟上。他捏起几朵放进嘴里，细细地嚼，两行清泪落了下来。自从弟弟受伤以来，这是我第一次，也是我唯一的一次，看到他流泪。 ⑨泪痕很快被风吻干。他侧过身来，说：“姐姐，给我照张相吧。”我掏出数码相机，紧张地按了三次快门，才拍下这美好的瞬间。弟弟倚着老槐树，感叹地说：“槐花虽小，却有阳光的味道。”他笑了，目光变得坚强，从灵魂深处射出来。 ⑩半个月后，我们回到家。照片洗了出来，弟弟把它摆在床头，背面写着一行蓝色小楷：树是大自然的智者与强者，人应该像树一样活着。至此，我那颗悬着的心，终于放了下来。很快，弟弟又回到工作岗位，开始了全新的生活。 ?心是一棵会开花的树，那枝叶是信念，那树干是平和，那深入地底的根须，就是默默地承受。人这一生，有这么一棵树，不管经历怎样的风雨，依然能凭借一缕心香，从容抵达幸福的彼岸。
五年级阅读理解练习题（附答案）2012.06.30 《》 小群是个双目失明、失去母亲的苦孩子。他非常热爱这个世界，这都因为父亲就是小群的眼睛。 很小的时候，父亲让小群触摸柔软的凉凉的东西，说：“这是水，可以流动，长江、黄河和大海都是这样的水组成的，水多了便浩荡奔腾，可以发出震耳欲聋的声音。”不久，小群真的由父亲和父亲的一位朋友带到海边去玩，父亲还教会了小群游泳。 难度最大的是向小群解说颜色。小群生下来就面对着一个黑暗的世界，怎么让他理解这个世界的五光十色呢?比方给他解释红色：太阳就是红色的，它发光，能把黑夜变成白昼；它发热，在寒冷的冬天也能把人晒暖和。“我懂了，”小群说，“红色就是让人感到光亮和温暖！”“不全对。”父亲细致地解析，“血也是红色的，但它不会发出什么光来；人血也是温热的，鱼血却是冷的，但鱼血也是红色的。红色并不总同光和热联系在一起。”小群困惑了起来。父亲再作耐心的解析：“发热发光的是太阳，而不是红色；只是太阳能发光发热，同时又是红色的。红色只不过是有视力的人看到的一种颜色。”经过这样的循循善诱，小群才逐渐有所领悟。 以后，( )父亲也这样反复地给小群讲解天空的蓝色，大地的黄色，作物的绿色，( )小群却对同光和热有点联系的红色情有独钟。 渐渐地，小群觉得世界( )陌生黑暗的，( )熟悉多彩的。他懂得世界上有许多用不着看便能感受的事情。可是有一次，小群真生父亲的气了。那次，小群让父亲买个红色的米老鼠书包，当书包买回来小群背着上学的时候，一位阿姨赞赏地对小群说：“小群这个绿色书包可真漂亮！”小群回家便对父亲喊：“爸爸，我让您给我买红书包，您怎么给我买绿色的呢?您知道我看不见便骗我！”说着，小群便哭了起来。 父亲听了，愣住了，半天没吱声，过了好一会儿才为小群擦眼泪，说：“爸爸对不起你，小群……那天买书包时售货员说只剩一个米老鼠的书包，所以绿的也买下了……小群，爸爸是爱你的。”小群感到爸爸用他那慈爱的大手抚摸着自己的脸庞和头发，小群就在那一刻理解了爱！ 时光就这样慢慢地流过，小群读书的成绩越来越好，当小群学会了按摩、能够自食其力的时候，父亲却突发脑溢血去世了。父亲的匆匆离去让小群痛不欲生。小群想，今后谁还能做自己的眼睛呢? 然而，就在给父亲开追悼会的时候，小群听到了一句话，这句话犹如红太阳的光芒照亮了小群的一生。一位叔叔在追悼父亲时说：“他从来没有放弃过追求和奋斗，他对身边的人充满爱心，作为一位双目失明的人，他让我们每一个结识他的人都从他身上汲取了力量和勇气……” 就在这一刹那，父亲对生活、对自己的那份热爱和勇气仿佛一下子全贯注在了自己的身上。“父亲呀，”他默默地祈祷，“我会长出一双明亮的眼睛的，就在我的心上！”
天上飘下来的礼物 ①收衣服的时候，发现一个衣架子是空的，探身往楼下一看，果然又被风刮到楼下去了，喊儿子，去，到楼下林奶奶家的院子里把掉下去的衣服捡上来。儿子愉快地答应着，蹦蹦跳跳地下楼去了。 ②风大的时候，晾晒在阳台上的衣服，常有一两件会被刮到楼下。一楼的林老太太，人有点孤僻，不太好说话。记得刚搬来的时候，一次衣服刮到她家院子里去了，我下楼敲门，想进她家院子捡一下。敲了半天，老太太连门都不肯开，“你到院子外去拿。” ③奇怪的是，儿子倒是和楼下的林奶奶挺投缘。那天，又一件衣服掉楼下院子里了，我看看，离栅栏不远，估计拿根竹竿就能挑出来。我让儿子下去挑挑看。儿子趴在栅栏边，用竹竿往里钩衣服的时候，林老太太突然走进了院子，儿子吓得不知所措，我站在阳台上，也隐隐约约听见她说，下次衣服再掉下来，你就从我家进来拿，好不好?儿子点点头。就这样，衣服再被风刮到楼下的院子里，都是儿子去捡。 ④儿子似乎也挺乐意干这活。每次下去捡衣服，都要好大一会儿才回来。问儿子，在林奶奶家都干什么了?林奶奶喜欢清静，不要打扰了林奶奶。儿子歪着头说，没有啊，林奶奶可喜欢我了，跟我说了好多话。林奶奶告诉我，她子跟我差不多大呢，可是，她只看过他的照片，子在美国，还从来没回来过呢。 ⑤关于林老太太，我也听社区工作人员谈起过。他们告诉我，林老太太唯一的儿子在美国，很多年没回来过了。老伴去世得早，儿子出国后，老太太就一个人生活。退休后，生活更孤单了，常常一个人闷在家里，跟外面的联系越来越少了，人也变得越来越乖僻。原来是这样。难怪那次我去敲门，她连门都不肯开。社区工作人员说，你们住她楼上，帮我们留意点，也尽量给老人点照顾。我点点头，又摇摇头，真不知道，怎样帮这个孤僻的老太太。 ⑥日子平淡地过去，风偶尔会将我们家阳台的衣服刮到楼下去。儿子“噔噔噔”地下楼，又“噔噔噔”地上楼。他快乐得像一阵风。有时候，我会问儿子，楼下的林奶奶生活得怎么样啊?儿子想想，说，林奶奶看到我的时候，是很开心的啊。 ⑦一次，儿子下去捡衣服，回来的时候，手上多了一把花花绿绿的糖果。儿子说，这是林奶奶给的，是林奶奶家的叔叔，从美国寄回来的。儿子还自豪地说，我还帮林奶奶念了信呢，是叔叔写给林奶奶的。儿子手上拿的衣服，叠得方方正正。儿子说，咱们家的衣服掉下去后，林奶奶捡起来，帮我们又洗了下，晾干了。我的心里，酸酸的，感动。 ⑧我们和楼下的老太太，仍然没有什么来往。我们的儿子“噔噔噔”地下楼，又“噔噔噔”地上楼。他快乐得像一阵风。有时候，从楼下林老太太的家里，会传来“咯咯”的笑声，一个童声，另一个很苍老。 ⑨春节，我们一家回老家去了。回来时，才听说楼下的林老太太突然去世了，据说是无疾而终。我们注意到，儿子的眼圈红了。 ⑩人们在整理老人的遗物时，看到了一个日记本，记录下了她最后的日子。基本上是流水账，但是，老人在日记里多次提到，从楼上刮下来的衣服，以及下来捡衣服的小男孩。老人的日记里，反复出现这样一句话：“那是从天上飘下来的礼物。”我明白老人的话。那也许是老人孤寂的生活里，最后一点期盼。 1．本文写了一件什么事，请用简洁的语言概括出来。（3分） 2．文章第③段中“奇怪的是，儿子倒是和楼下的林奶奶挺投缘”，仔细阅读文章，哪些地方表现出儿子和楼下的林奶奶挺投缘？（4分） 3．第⑤段容是否可以删除？请说明理由。（3分） 4．文章哪些地方能表现林奶奶性格的孤僻？（3分）