Passage 1
The experience of jealousy varies enormously from age to age, from culture to culture, from couple to couple, from person to person, and can be different within the same person from time to time. In the United States, there has been a change of attitude toward jealousy in recent years. ―Normal‖ jealousy, which has been seen as an inevitable accompaniment of love and support of marriage, has come to be seen by some as evidence of personal insecurity and weakness in the relationship, and therefore a threat to the partnership.
Most jealous flashes come from feeling left out of an activity involving your partner and another person or other people. When your partner pays attention to another, your first reaction is to note that they are ―in‖ and you are―out‖. Y ou feel excluded, ignored, unappreciated.
This kind of experience is not uncommon, and dealing with it gracefully is part of the etiquette of our time.
from time to time 不时，偶尔
inevitable adj. 必然的，不可避免的
the inevitable course of history历史必由之路
bow to the inevitable听天由命
accompaniment n. 伴随物；伴奏
Destruction is an accompaniment of war.破坏会随着战争而来，有战争就有破坏。
insecurity n. 不安全；不牢靠；无把握；心神不定
flash vt. 使闪光；反射n. 闪光，闪现；一瞬间
as quick as a flash快如闪电般地
a flash of lightning闪电
a flash of hope一线希望
in a flash转瞬间，立刻
etiquette n. 礼节，礼仪；规矩
Passage2
Time is something from which we can’t escape. Even if we ignore it, it’s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, ―Who’s in charge?‖ We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally.
By taking control of how you spend your time, youll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time youll have to spend on your outside interests.
The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Inside, the aim is to make informed choices as to how we use our time.
Tick away时间流逝
Ally盟友
Passage3
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet – storing large quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a
significant amount of the world’s oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for guaranteeing their own survival. The tall trees make a cover of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, dry heat and strong winds. Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is a deliberate method to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can produce 75% of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal – and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet.
Rainforest:（热带）雨林
carbon dioxide：二氧化碳
oxygen：氧气
survival：幸存，生存
the survival of the fittest 适者生存
survival techniques 救生技术
survival equipment: 救生设备
passage4
There were two men who both decided to get a horse for riding .One man found a red horse with much spirit while the other chose one more docile. The two men would go riding together every day. It so happened that one day on the route, there was a ditch about eight or nine feet wide. When coming up to this ditch, the red horse was quick to respond and jumped it with no difficulty. Y et the more docile horse would shrink every time it came to the edge. It would stand on the edge, shaking. Then after a while, coming up to the ditch and watching its companion jump it easily, something happened within it——an idea was born that it could too. So it smoothly jumped over the obstacle.
Life is much like what happened to the two horses. It all comes to a choice whether we look for the spirit within or just stand on the edge and shrink.
Summon up Courage:鼓起勇气
docile：温顺的
ditch沟，壕沟
companion同伴
Passage 5
Professor Bumble is not only absent-minded but short-sighted as well. His mind is always busy with learned thoughts and he seldom notices what is going on around him.
On a fine day recently, he went for a walk in the countryside. But as always, he read the book as he walked. He hadn，t gone far when he ran into a large cow and fell down. He had lost his spectacles in the fall, and he thought he had stumbled over a fat lady. "I beg your pardon，madam," he said politely before searching for his glasses. As soon as he had put the glasses on，he realized his mistake.
Soon he was concentrating on his book again and paying no attention to anything else. He had scarcely been walking for five minutes when he fell over again, losing both his book and his glasses. This time he became very angry. Seizing his umbrellas, he struck the "cow" in anger. Then, after finding his glasses, he realized with horror that he had made a second mistake. A large fat woman was running away from him in terror.
run into跑进，撞上，偶遇，陷入，达到
stumble议.使绊倒，使失足；使迷惑
He was stumbled by the problem.这问题使他迷惑不解。
a stumble ling block 绅脚石
stumble over [against] a stone 被石头绅跌
stumble over one's words结结巴巴地说话
concentrate on one's work你应该专心于工作
Passage 6
Ancient people made clay pottery because they needed it for their survival. They used the pots they made for cooking, storing food, and carrying things from place to place. Pottery was so important to early cultures that scientists now study it to learn more about ancient civilizations. The more advanced the pottery in terms of decoration, materials, glazes and manufacture, the more advanced the culture itself.
The artisan who makes pottery in North America today utilizes his or her skill and imagination to create items that are beautiful as well as functional, transforming something ordinary into something special and unique.
Passage 7
One day, Juana Lopez had an idea for a dish washing machine that worked without using water. She went to see several dishwasher manufacturers about producing the machine, but none of them were interested. Juana found investors to back her idea and founded her own production company. She spent millions of dollars on developing her own dishwasher and it was launched three years later. From then on, sales were very good, better even than Juana had hoped. But Global Domestic, one of the companies that she had been to, made its own waterless dishwasher. Juana obtained one and found that it used the technical ideas she had developed. She had obtained legal protection for legal process, Global Domestic was forced to stop making its competing dishwasher and to pay Juana several million dollars. Now Juana’s waterless dishwasher has 40% of the worldwide dishwasher market and this is increasing every year.
dishwasher:洗碗机
manufacturer:制造商
launch:发射
investor: 投资者
obtain：获得，得到
These ideas no longer obtain.这些见解已经行不通了。
Passage 8
Nowadays, with the rapid development of IT and information industry, cell phones play a dominant role in people’s life.On the one hand, the mobile phone is portable and convenient. Being wireless, you can carry them everywhere with great ease. Y ou can reach a person wherever and however far away he is. On the other hand, it is a friend indeed. Whenever you come across trouble, you can call for help immediately.
However, just as every coin has two sides, the cell phone also has its many disadvantages. Some people complain that mobile phones give unpleasant noise on some important occasions when the owner forgets to turn them off. And it also cuts into people’s spare time, because with the mobile phone the boss can easily reach them and call them to duty during their spare time. Worst of all, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the phone is said to be harmful to people’s health and does often cause headaches to the owner.
Passage 9
There are different kinds of noise with distinct frequencies that are classified by color，namely: white noise, pink noise, brown noise, blue noise, and gray noise. Below is an overview of white noise.
Generally speaking, white noise is a part of the full scale of sound frequencies a human ear can recognize. White noise is a mixture of sound frequencies in equal levels. It is a very quiet sound that is relaxing and pleasant to the ears of anyone. A number of people say that it is similar to the sound of the rain or the ocean waves.
White noise offers countless benefits. The noise comes in different forms that serve different purposes. Some white noise works better than others for particular uses. Some people may find some white noise sounds more pleasing than others. Moreover, white noise is said to have a more calming effect than music does.
White noise白噪音
The urban noise 城市噪音
Hold your noise 别作声
Frequency 频率
Classify 分类，归类
Passage 10
Sleepwalking is a sleep disorder affecting an estimated 10 percent of all humans at least once in their lives. It is far more common in kids than in adults, as most sleepwalkers outgrow it by the early teen years. It may run in families. So if you or your partner are or were sleepwalkers, your child may be too. Other factors that may bring on sleepwalking inc lude lack of sleep, irregular sleep schedules, illness or fever, and stress.
Of course, getting out of bed and walking around while still sleeping is the most obvious sleepwalking symptom. But young sleepwalkers may also sleeptalk. Also, sleepwalkers’ eyes are open, but they are not awake and may not realize what they’re doing. It’s hard to wake them up.
Sleepwalking is not usually a sign that something is emotionally or psychologically wrong with a child. And it doesn't cause any emotional harm. They probably won't even remember the nighttime
stroll.
Sleepwalking 梦游
Sleepwalker 梦游者
estimate估计
outgrow 长大或发展得使……不再使用
bring on引起，导致
stroll 闲逛，漫步
take/have/go for a stroll闲逛，散步，漫步
stroll the beach 在海滨溜达
Passage 11
Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain. In particular, there was a belief in fairies. Not all of these fairies are the friendly, people-loving sprites that appear in Disney films. In some folktales, they are cruel and cause much human suffering. This is true in the tales about the Changeling. These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows sick and pale and is changed so much that it is almost unrecognizable to the parents. It was then feared that the fairies had come and stolen the baby away and replaced the human baby with a fairy Changeling. In those cases, there was often a way to get the real baby back. Y ou could place the Changeling on the fire--then it would rise up the chimney, you would hear the sound of fairies' laughter and soon after, you would find your own child safe and sound nearby
sprite n. 妖精，精灵；鬼怪；调皮鬼。另外，雪碧的英文名。
Fairy n. 仙女，小精灵；[美俚]漂亮姑娘
folktale n. 民间故事；民间传说
changeling n.暗中被偷换而留下的丑怪小孩
safe and sound平安无事
Passage 12
We are not born with courage, but neither are we born with fear. Maybe some of your fears are brought on by your own experiences, by what someone has told you, by what you’ve read in the papers. Fears, even the most basic ones, can totally destroy your ambitions, fortunes, relationships, and even life.
Another enemy we face is indecision. Indecision is the thief of opportunity and enterprise. It will steal your chances for a better future.
The third enemy inside is doubt. Sure you can’t believe everything. But don’t let doubt take over you. It will destroy your life and your chances of success. It will empty both your bank account and your heart.
Also, there are indifference, worry and over caution that you should do battle with. Be courageous in your life and in your pursuit of the things you want and the person you want to become.
indecision优柔寡断
indifference冷漠，漠不关心
courageous 勇敢地，无畏的
in pursuit of 追求，寻求
Passage 13
Stress is what you feel when you react to pressure, either from the outside world or from inside yourself. Stress is a normal reaction for people of all ages.
Most people think that pressure is always a bad thing. In fact, a little bit of stress is good. Without stress, most of us couldn’t push ourselves to do well, especially in difficult things.
People usually complain about feeling pressed for time when they are under certain pressure. It is true that you can’t always control the things that are stressing you out, but you can control how you react to them. The way you feel about things results from the way you think about things. If you change how you think, you can change the way you feel. Try the following tips to deal with your stress:
Make a list of the things that are causing your stress.
Give yourself an excuse.
Don't promise to do things you can't do or don't want to do.
Find someone to talk to.
stress n. 压力；紧张；重要性；强调；重读
强调；加压力于；使紧张；用重音读
under the stress of poverty在贫困的压力下
time of stress危难之际，非常时期
make a list of 列出清单
a shopping list一张购物单
a guest list客人名单
a list of things to do 事项表
Passage 14
The Intellectual Property Owners Association(IPO) is running a project to encourage young inventors. Samuel Houghton, a five-year-old boy has become the youngest Briton to hold a patent after watching his father struggling in the garden.
Samuel developed a garden tool after watching his father Mark use two brushes to sweep up leaves outside their house .
His father used a large brush to gather leaves and small branches, and then got a small brush to pick up what was left.
Samuel came up with the idea for a labor-saving tool, which has been patented and named the Improved Broom.
It is a simple idea that combines two ordinary brooms with different-sized bristles and brush-heads to enable different-sized dirt to be swept up more efficiently. ―The small one gets the first bits and the one at the back gets those left behind, Samuel explains.
The IPO says that Samuel is its youngest known patent holder.
IPO:美国知识产权局
Briton:英国人
Patent:专利，专利权
Patent holder：专利持有人
A patent device 专利发明
Patent right 专利权
Bristle刷子毛
Passage 15
Meeting people from another culture can be difficult. Different cultures emphasize the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree. For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust. Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in "small talk", usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job.
In many European countries—like the UK or France—people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafes rather than at the office.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems. Certainly, English and German cultures share similar value; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly. We think that they are rude. In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decision more quickly.
Emphasize vt. 强调，着重
share vt. 分享，分担；分配
vi. 分担；共享
n. 股份；份额
bear one’s share of 负担……部分
come in for a share分得一份
fall to sb.’s share归某人享有
for my share 至于我自己
lion’s share最大的一份
share and share alike 平均分配
Passage 16
Latest research predicts that the global sea level is expected to rise 9 to 88 centimeters by 2100, with a ―best estimate‖ of 50 centimeters. This is due to global warming which is causing the ice caps to melt.
This great rise of close to one meter would threaten huge areas of low-lying coastal land as well as major cities such as London, New Y ork and Tokyo.
In many places, 50 centimeters would see entire beaches being washed away. On low-lying Pacific islands, the highest point is only two or three meters above the current sea level. If the sea level was to rise by 50 centimeters, big parts of these islands would disappear under the water.
Even if they remain above the sea, many island nations will have their supplies of drinking water reduced because sea water will pollute their freshwater.
There are also tens of millions of people living in low-level coastal areas of southern Asia, such as the coastlines of Pakistan and India, who would be in danger.
Notes:
estimate 估计，判断
at a rough estimate据粗略估计
by estimate照估计
ice cap冰冠
coastline 海岸线
Passage 17
Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.
It might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those, you will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. self-image 自我形象
flaw 缺点，瑕疵，缺陷
the character flaw of arrogance傲慢的缺点
a flaw in a plan计划不周全
convince of 使……相信
go a long way走了一大段路，对……大有帮助
18
Town and Country Life in England
There is a big difference between town life and country life in England. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others.
In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in London are often very lonely. This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people. One is sorry for old people living on their own. They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months.
19
A Change in Women’s Life
The important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity,
and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. V ery many more afterwards return to full-time or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.
Useful Words and Expressions:
1. life-pattern生活方式
2. share
20
A Popular Pastime of the English People
One of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching what the do with their non-working time.
Most English men, women and children love growing things, especially flowers. V isitors to England in spring, summer or autumn are likely to see gardens all they way along the railway lines. There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, as well as in gardens along the roads. Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. Public buildings of every kind have brilliant window boxes and sometimes baskets of flowers are hanging on them. But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. If it is impossible to have a garden, then a window box or something growing in a pot will do. Looking at each other’s gardens is a popular pastime with the English.
Useful Words and Expressions:
1. window box:窗台上的花盆箱
2.pastime 消遣，娱乐
Swimming is my favorite pastime.
21
British and American Police Officers
Real policemen, both in Britain and the U.S., hardly recognize any common points between their lives and what they se on TV—if they ever get home in time.
Some things are almost the same, of course, but the policemen do not think much of them much of them.
The first difference is that a policeman’s real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what’s more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to.
Little of his time is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on thousands of fomp3s about
hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty--- or not of stupid, unimportant crimes.
1. think much of 重视，尊重
2. in court 在法庭上
3. criminal 罪犯，犯罪者
4. guilty 犯罪的，有罪的
22
Living Space
How much living space does a person need? What happens when his space needs are not met? Scientists are doing experiments on rats to try to detemp3ine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have enough living space, they eat well, sleep well and produce their young well. But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior and even their health change obviously. They can not sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and worry become clear. The more crowded they are, and more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus, for rats, populations and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is enough space not only satisfactory, but necessary for human survival? These are interesting questions.
23
The United Nations
In 1945, representatives of 50 nations met to plan this organizat ion. It was called the United Nations. After the war, many more nations joined.
There are two major parts of the United Nations. One is called the General Assembly. In the General Assembly, every member nation is represented and has an equal vote.
The second part is called the Security Council. It has representatives of just 15 nations. Five nations are pemp3anent members: the United States, Russia, France, Britain, and China. The 10 other members are elected every two years by the General Assembly.
The major job of the Security Council is to keep peace in the world. If necessary, it can send troops from member nations to try to stop little wars before they turn into big ones.
It is hard to get the nations of the Security Council to agree on when this is nec essary. But they did vote to try to stop wars.
Useful Words and Expressions:
1. representative 代表
2. General Assembly 联合国大会
3. pemp3anent 永久的，持久的
4. Security Council 联合国安全理事会
24
Plastic
We use plastic wrap to protect our foods. We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans. We sit
on plastic chairs, play with plastic toys, drink from plastic cups, and wash our hair with shampoo from plastic bottles!
Plastic does not grow in nature. It is made by mixing certain things together. We call it a produced or manufactured material. Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants, such as wood and cotton. That plastic was soft and burned easily.
The first modern plastics were made in the 1930s. Most clear plastic starts out as thick, black oil. That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas.
Over the years, hundreds of different plastics have been developed. Some are hard and strong. Some are soft and bendable. Some are clear. Some are many-colored. There is a plastic for almost every need. Scientists continue to experiment with plastics. They hope to find even ways to use them!
25
Display of Goods
Are supemp3arkets designed to persuade us to buy more?
Fresh fruit and vegetables are displayed near supemp3arket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are not put near each other. They are kept in different aisles so customers are taken past other attractive foods before they find what they want. In this way, shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not really need.
Sweets are often placed at children’s eye level at the checkout. While parents are waiting to pay, children reach for the sweets and put them in the trolley.
More is bought from a fifteen-foot display of one type of product than from a ten-foot one. Customers also buy more when shelves are full than when they are half empty. They do not like to buy from shelves with few products on them because they feel there is something wrong with those products that are there.
Useful Words and Expressions:
1. aisle 走廊，过道
2. trolley 手推车
3. checkout 收款台
26
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, His father owned a factory that made electrical devices. His mother enjoyed music and books. His parents were Jewish but they did not deserve many of the religion’s rules. Albert was a quite child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to the north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Their answers about magnetism and gravity were difficult for the boy to understand. Y et he spent a lot of time thinking about them. He said later that he felt something hidden had to be behind things.
1. device 装置，设备
leave to one’s own devices 听任某人自行其是，允许某人按自己的意愿做事
She left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon.
她允许孩子在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间。
2. compass 指南针
beyond one’s compass某人力所不及
catch/fetch/take a compass兜圈子，绕道，拐弯抹角
keep sth within compass 把某种事物限制在适当的范围内
speak within compass 谨慎小心地说
within sb’s compass 某人力所能及的
within the compass of 在……范围内
3.magnetism 磁力
27
With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a car. Y et opinions of the development of a private car vary from person to person.
It gives a much greater degree of comfort and mobility. The owner of a car is no longer forced to reply on public transport, and hence no irritation caused by waiting for buses or taxis. However, others strongly object to developing private cars. They maintain that as more and more cars are produced and run in the street, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, pollut ing the atmosphere and causing actual hamp3 to the health of people.
Whether private cars should be developed in Chicago is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be eliminated.
28
A Henpecked Husband and His Wife
There was once a large, fat woman who had a small, thin husband. He had a job in a big company and was given his weekly wages every Friday evening. As soon as he got home on Fridays, his wife used to make him give her all his money, and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch in his company every day.
One day, the small man came home very excited. He hurried into the living-room. His wife was listening to the radio and eating chocolates there.
“Y ou will n ever guess what happened to me to day, dear.‖ he said.
He waited for a few seconds and then added, ―I won ten thousand dollars on the lottery!‖
“That is wonderful! ‖ said his wife delightedly. But then she pulled a long face and added angrily, ―But how could you afford to buy the ticket?‖
1. henpecked 怕老婆的，妻管严的
2. lottery 彩票
a great lottery 虚无缥缈的事
3. pull a long face 拉下脸来
have a face to say that脸皮厚得竟能讲出这种话
29
A Y oung Man’s Promise
One day, a young man was writing a letter to his girlfriend who lived just a few miles away in a nearby town. He was telling her how much he loved her and how wonderful he thought she was. The more he wrote the more poetic he became. Finally he said that in order to be with her, he would suffer the greatest difficulties, he wou ld face the greatest dangers that anyone couldn’t imagine. In fact, to spend only one minute with her, he would swim across the widest river, he would enter the deepest forest, and he would fight against the fiercest animals with his bare hands. He finished the letter, signed his name and then suddenly remembered that he had forgotten to mention something quite important. So, in a postscript below his name, he added:
“By the way, I’ll be over to see you on Wednesday night, if it doesn’t rain.‖
30
A Kind Neighbor
Mr. and Mrs. Jones’ apartment was full of luggage, packages, furniture and boxes. Both of them were very busy when they heard the doorbell ring. Mrs. Jones went to open it and she saw a middle-aged lady outside. The lady said she lived next door. Mrs. Jones invited her to come in and apologized because there was no place for her to sit. ―Oh, that’s OK.‖ said the lady. ―I just come to welcome to your new home. As you know, in some parts of this city, neighbors are not friendly at all. They are some a partment houses where people don’t know any of their neighbors, not even the ones next door. But in this building, everyone is very friendly with everyone else. We are like a big happy family. I am sure you will be very happy here.‖ Mr. and Mrs. Jones said, ―But madam, we are not new dwellers in this apartment. We’ve lived here for two years. We are moving out tomorrow.‖
31
That Isn’t Our Fault
Mr. and Mrs. Williams got married when he was twenty-three, and she was twenty. Twenty-five years later, they had a big party, and a photographer came and took some photographs of them. Then the photographer gave Mrs. Williams a card and said, ―They’ll be ready next Wednesday. Y ou can get them from studio.‖
“No,‖ Mrs. Williams said, ―please send them to us.‖
The photographs arrived a week later, but Mrs. Williams was not happy when she saw them. She got into her car and drove to the photographer’s studio. She went inside and said angrily, ―Y ou took some photographs of me and my husband last week, but I’m not going to pay for them.‖“Oh, why not?‖ the photographer asked.
“Because my husband looks like a monkey,‖ Mrs. Williams said.
“Well,‖ the photographer answered, ―that isn’t our fault. Why didn’t you think of that before you married him?‖
32
A Guide's Answer
In 1861, the Civil War started in the United States between the Northern and the Southern states. The war continued with great bitterness until 1865, when the Northerners were victorious. However, even today, many Southerners have not forgotten their defeat, or forgiven the Northerners.
A few years ago, a party of American tourists were going round one of the battlefields of the Civil War with a guide who came from one of the Southern states. At each place, the guide told the tourists stirring stories about how a few Southern soldiers had conquered powerful forces of Northerners there.
At last, one of the tourists, a lady who came from the North, stopped the guide and said to him, ― But surely that the Northern amp3y must have won at least one victory in the Civil War?‖
“Not as long as I’m the guide here, madam,‖ answered the Southern guide.
33
A Qualified Pilot
The captain of a small ship had to go along a rocky coast, but he was unfamiliar with it, so he tried to find a qualified pilot to guide him. He went ashore in one of the small ports, and a local fishemp3an pretended that he was a pilot because he needed some money. The captain took him on board and asked him where to steer the ship.
After half an hour, the captain began to suspect that the fisherman did not really know what he was doing and where he was going.
“Are you sure you are a qualified pilot?‖ he asked.
“Oh, yes,‖ answered the fishe r man. ―I know every rock on this part of the coast.‖
Suddenly there was a terrible crash from under the ship. At once the fisher man added, ―And that’s one of them.‖
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2006) GRADE FOUR TIME LIMIT: 135 MIN PARTI DICTATION (15 MIN) Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will beread to you four times. During the first reading,which will be read at normal speed,listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence ,or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. Y ou will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE. PART ⅡLISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN) In Sections A ,B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet. SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions I to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation ,you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 1. How did Mark get there? A. By train and by car. B. By plane and by coach. C. By train and by bus. D. By bus and by plane. 2. Mark used to wear all the following EXCEPT A. short hair. B. glasses. C. moustache. D. beard. 3. Where is the meeting for new students to be held? A. In the third room on the right. B. In the Common Room. C. In a room at the other end. D. In Room 501. Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation ,you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now,listen to the conversation. 4. What did Steve originally plan to do? A. To go to a park near the beach. ' B. To stay at home. C. To see a new film. D. To do some study. 5. Maggie finally decided to go to see a film because A. there was no park nearby. B. the weather wasn't ideal for a walk. C. it would be easier to go to a cinema. D. Steve hadn't seen the film yet. 6. Where did they plan to meet? A. Outside the Town Hall. B. Near the bank. C. In Steve's place. D. At the cinema.
英语专业四级听写训练54：Cars in the Future As big cars cause many problems,such as pollution, shortage of parking space,crowded traffic,scientists are now trying to design some small cars that may some day replace today’s big automobiles.If more people begin to drive such cars in the future,there will be less air pollution. There will also be more space for parking cars in cities,and the streets will be less crowded.Three such cars can fit in the space that is now needed for one car of the usual size. The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive.Driving will be safer as these cars can only go 60 kilometers per hour. The cars of the future will be fine for driving around the city.However, they will not be suitable for long trips,because these cars by petrol can only go 450 kilometers before needing to stop for refueling 英语专业四级听写训练53：Dining Custom in the USA Dining Custom in the USA Americans, like many people elsewhere in the world, like to invite friends to their homes for an evening of food,drink and conversation. Formal dinners in fine homes and hotels in the US are much the same as formal dinners anywhere in the world. But as most people in the US have no servants,their dinner parties at home tend to be informal. Guests may sit down at a table,or as many new small homes have no separate dining room or very small dining space. Guests can also serve themselves and eat in the living room, holding their plates or trays on their knees. A more enjoyable form of entertainment is the picnic. Americans are great picnickers and almost every family has a picnic basket. Summer invitations are often for a picnic at a park or in the open countryside, and less hamburgers or hot dogs are cooked over a fire. Picnic food is usually cold.
英语专业四级考试1993年——203年听写原文 1993 Package Holidays Package holidays, covering a two weeks' stay in an attractive place, are increasingly popular. Once you get to the airport, it is up to the tour operator to see that you get safely to your destination．Everything is laid on for you．There is, in fact, no reason for you to bother to arrange anything yourselves．You make friends and have a good time. But there is very little chance that you will really get to know the local people．This is even less likely on a coach tour, when you spend almost your entire time traveling．Of course, there are carefully planned stops for you to visit historic buildings and monuments. You may visit the beautiful, the historic, the ancient. But time is always short．There is also the added disadvantage of being obliged to spend you holiday with a group of people you have never met before． (1994) The American Family The American family unit is changing. There used to be mainly two types of families, the extended and the nuclear. The former included mother, father, children, and some other relatives such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people began moving to different parts of the country in order to search for job opportunities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family consisting of only parents and children has therefore become far more wide spread. Today’s family, however, can be composed of diverse co mbinations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there's an increase in single-parent homes—a father or mother living with one or more children. Blended families occur when divorced men and women remarry and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, there is an increase in childless couples while one in rive Americans lives alone. (1995) Unidentified Flying Objects There are many explanations for why UFOs visit the Earth. / The most popular one is that they maybe visitors from other planets./ To fly such aircraft, their builders must develop different forms of aviation,/because they seem to fly much faster than normal aircraft./ The UFOs, it is believed, must contain scientists/ from other planets who are studying life on earth./ It is even believed that several such aircraft may have landed on earth/ and the space visitors may be living amongst us./ But there are also less fantastic explanations available./ Although some sightings of UFOs are difficult to explain, most can be explained quite easily./ In many cases the observers might have made a mistake./ They might have seen a weather balloon or an aircraft./ Or the light they saw in the sky might have been light from the ground,/ reflected on to the clouds./ However, the exact cause of many sightings still remained a mystery.
专四听写与听力理解上外12套模拟题答案6-12 Model Test 6 Authority and Creativity In many countries, authority is seldom questioned, either because it is highly respected, or because it is feared . Sometimes, too, because rank has been important in certain societies for a long time, people have been trained never to question those in authority. In other countries, including America, children are trained to question and search for answers. When a child asks a question, he will often be told to go to the library and find the answer for himself. By the time students reach the age of 14 or 15, they may be developing exciting new ideas in all fields of science and arts . To encourage such creativity, there are many national prizes offered to students every year for their scientific discoveries and artistic accomplishments. This interest in questioning and searching may be considered by some people as bad for young people's manners. This impression may be created when visitors notice young Americans asking questions and arguing with older people . 1-5 CABDB 6-10 DCBDC 11-15 DACBC 16-20 DCADC 21-25 CBDBA 26-30 CDBAC Model Test 7 Driving in the US When driving in the United States, it’s a good idea to have an internaitonal driver’s license if you don’t have a state license. Each of the 50 states has its own traffic laws. For example, in some states drivers can pump their own gas at “self-service islands”, while in others this is not allowed. Drivers are expected to know and understand the laws even if they don’t live in the state. Get information when you cross the border into a state at a tourist information center. There is a national speed limit of 55 miles per hour, or about 80 kilometers per hour. Americans usually start and stop slowly and are generally polite about letting cars enter busy streets. They usually stop for people who are walking and let them cross the street first. In many states, you may turn right after stopping at a corner, even if there a red light. 1-5 DBABB 6-10 CCBBD 11-15 CBACD 16-20 BAACD 21-25 BABBD 26-30 CDADB Model Test 8 Why Do People Smoke
英语专四听力突破辅导：如何进行英语听写练习 精听一个重要的练习方法是听写（Dictation）。英语专业四级考试中听写还是很重要的一块。考察方式是，一篇文章一共读四遍。第一遍总听，大概把握文章主题和大意。听第二遍时开始写，但肯定会漏掉很多词没写下来。第三遍开始补空。最后一遍总体检查。如果我们平时练习听力也用这样的方法的话，你会发现既浪费时间，提高得也很缓慢。但说心里话，我觉得当时的老师并没有教给我们什么学习方法，完全靠拼命反复做题。由我的经历可以得出：你要是特别能吃苦，可以天天学英语十几个小时，并且坚持下来的话，你的英语同样能够学好，在刻苦练习的过程中自己也会总结出很多学习方法和规律。可人的生命太短暂了，如果我们把有限的生命错误地投入到一些低效能的事情上的话，就得不偿失了。人要把有限的精力投入到最有可能带来效益的事情上去。现在大家有福了！我会尽力帮大家总结提炼些能帮助你们高效提高英语水平的学习方法。 听写材料的选择 建议大家不要用电影对白或者托福听力的对话部分练听写。换句话说，对话类型的材料（conversations）是不适合拿来练听写的。原因很简单，对话的难点不在于某一个词，
或一个复杂的句型，或比较晦涩的内容，或巨大的信息量。难点往往来自于一些音变现象，比如连读失去爆破；来自于一些俚语习惯表达；来自于上下文语境的理解。换句话说，很多对话材料，就算原文里每个单词你都认识，但不一定理解这句话的意思。所以，费了半天劲听写下来的对话内容，要么看不懂不理解；要么就是这次看懂了，下次还是听不出。所以，对话材料应该采用的练习方法其实是跟读模仿。后面会讲到。 用来练听写的材料应该是一个人的陈述、讲座之类的（Lecture）。之所以选择这样的材料，是和练听写的目地分不开的。练听写的核心本质其实是为了提高我们快速理解和记忆的能力。有的同学误以为听写就是要把听到的所有内容都写下来，那是一些考试的要求，不是我们平时提高听力的方法。如果那样练习，你会发现两个问题：一是，有的时候就算写下来了，其实也不知道自己写了些什么。二是，觉得刚才听懂了，但要下笔写的时候觉得又忘了听到什么了。造成这两种情况的原因，都是因为我们没理解听到的内容。听写真正应该做的是记忆和总结的工作，而不是听和写的工作。什么叫做记忆和总结，就是我们不需要完全按顺序重复这一个人的每一个字，但我们要做到能理解它的内容，并在总结后复述出来。这才是我们练听写真正的目地。
英语专业四级考试真题听写原文2005年 The Wrist Watch It is generally believed that wrist watches are an exception / to the normal sequence in the evolution of man's jewelry. / Reversing the usual order, they were first worn by women, / and then adopted by men. / In the old days, queens included wrist watches among their crown jewelry. / Later, they were worn by Swiss workers and farmers. / Until World War I, Americans associated the watch with fortune hunters. / Then army officers discovered that the wrist watch was most practical for active combat. / Race car drivers also loved to wear wrist watches, / and pilots found them most useful while flying. / Soon men dared to wear wrist watches without feeling self-conscious. / By 1924, some 30 percent of man's watches were worn on the wrist. / Today, the figure is 90 percent. / And they are now worn by both men and women / for practical purposes rather than for decoration. 2006年 The internet The internet is the most significant progress in the field of communications.Imagine a book that never rend, a library with milion floors,or imagine a research project with thousands of sientists working around the clock forever.This is the magic of the internet.
1. 听写的分数 听写段落，15分 听力，30题，每题0.5分，共15分 2. 听写评分标准 1. 听写共分15小节；每节1分。 2．每节最多扣1分。 3．重复错误，仅扣一次。 4．错误共分两类：小错误(minor mistakes)和大错误(major mistakes)。 A. 小错误： 1)单词拼写错一到二个字母。例：inconvenient—unconvenient，inconvient；originally--origionally, originally；knives———nives。 2)标点符号错误：一when When；To solve this problem，the—To solve this problem the…。 3)冠词，单复数错误：shells—shell；with a solution—with the solution。 4)小错误扣分标准：小错误在一节中出现一次，留作总计；出现两次，扣0．5分；出现三次，扣0．5分后留一小错做总计；出现四次(以上)，扣1分。 5)未扣分小错误的扣分标准：累计2---4个：扣0．5分。累计5---8个：扣1分。 B. 大错误： 漏写、加词、造词、换词(冠词作小错计)，大移位，时态错误，原文一个词变两个词。每个错误扣0．5分。 3. 听写训练技巧 1.第一遍朗读：统领全文 尽量听懂、理解全文 善于捕捉关键词,如果有可能，在草稿纸上简单地写下能够反映篇章结构的关键词。 2. 第二、三遍朗读： 听到哪写到哪 3. 第四遍朗读：查漏补缺
4. 两分钟检查时间：仔细检查全文 a. 通过通读全文，可以从语境、逻辑上判断一些同音异形的词，或发音形似的词，如see 还是sea，就可以从上下文判断出来。 b. 运用语法知识进行判断 要充分利用语法知识进行分析，如单复数是否一致、时态是否相配、句子是否完整、大小写是否恰当、介词搭配或词语用法是否合乎规范、前后语意内容是否通顺等。 c. 当有生词影响自己的时候，可以先根据读音规则拼写下来。等全部文章写完进行检查时，可以根据上下文进行猜测，在可能出现的范围找发音接 近的单词 d. 检查标点符号：正确使用标点符号；不能用中文标点。 4.其他事项： 1. 注意心理状态：听的时候心态要放轻松，注意力集中，不可过于紧张，以至于什么都听不进去。要相信自己，通过平日的练习，完全可以达到应试的 要求。 2. 卷面整洁：听写的批改很大程度上具有一定的主观性。就像批改作文一样，干净整洁的卷面会留下很好的印象。尽管听抄的同时要不停的修改，千万 不要随意在卷面上涂抹；平时练习书写也要字迹清晰，这样也方便改卷老师辨认书写内容。 3. 善于从错误中总结。每做完一篇听写，要认真总结自己所犯的错误，是由于听力速度太快，还是拼写错误太多，由此来调整自己的训练策略。 4. 学会在语境的基础上理解单词。 5. 熟悉一些常规标点的使用：如The idea, for example, of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive. 二、对话、短文 1. 抓紧一切时间预读考题：划出题目中的关键词 1. Parcels must be left open mainly for 2. The woman’s last inquiry is mainly concerned with 3. Which train has now been canceled? 4. Why do the cheerleaders sometimes suffer physical injuries? 2. 集中注意力，关注对话的开头和结尾：对话的头尾是考点，并且是容易得分的考点。
2000 年专四听力答案 PART I DICTATION What We Know About Language Many things about language are a mystery and will remain so. / However, we now do know something about it. / First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. / No human race anywhere on earth is so backward / that it has no language of its own at all. /Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. / There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, / but the languages they speak are by no means primitive. / In all the languages existing in the world today,/ there are complexities that must have been developed for years. / Third, we know that all languages are perfectly adequate./ Each is a perfect means of expressing its culture. /And finally, we know that language changes over time, / which is natural and normal if a language is to survive. / The language which remains unchanged is nothing but dead. PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A CONVERSATIONS Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. M:Jill,have you registered with the next semester? W:Not yet, there's still something that I'm not sure. Do you know if Professor Smith's economics 102 is still available to all undergraduate students? M:No, I don't think so. Last semester I tried to register in that course but all the other people told me not to. W:Why not? M:They said that my lack of knowledge in higher mathematics might be an obstacle in understanding Professor Smith's theory. W:Really? M:(I ) Jack tqld me that Professor Smith usually uses lots of formulas inside class. So you'd better make sure that you are extremely familiar with these formulas if you are seriously considering taking his course. W:What a shame I (2)My friends all told me that Professor Smith has lots of original ideas and he really can stimulate students to think. But I don't think I have the mathematical skills to keep up with the others. M:lf you want to take the course so much, why don't you register in a course in higher mathematics first? W. But I'm afraid that I will miss Professor Smith's course when I finish the mathematics course. M:Hey, I heard that Professor Smith would give the same course in the semester that starts next fall. ( 3 ) Why don't you take a year's higher mathematics and register in economics 102 the next fall? W:That sounds a good idea. I. [ B] 推断题。根据 ''They said that my lack of knowledge in higher mathematics might be an obstacle in understanding Professor Smith's theory. 可知，缺少高等数学知识会阻碍理解史密斯 教授的理论，所以学习经济学需要有高等数学知识，因而[ B]项伟正确答案。 2. [D] 细节题。文中提到 ''My friends all told me that Professor Smith has lots of original ideas and he really stimulate students to think. ”由此可知，史密斯教授有很很多新颖的观点，斌且
Model Test Six Part I Dictation Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning? For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Part II Listening Comprehension In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Section A Conversations In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 1. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Colleague. B. Husband and wife. C. Brother and sister. D. Classmates. 2. What is the attitude of Linda’s mother toward her dating a boy? A. Linda is old enough to make decisions by herself. B. Linda is not allowed to go out on dates without permission. C. Linda cannot date the boy named Daniel. D. Linda’s mother has given her some advice on her dates. 3. According to the man, which color suits the woman better? A. Red. B. Blue. C. White. D. Black 4. The woman asks the man whether he’s free tonight because ______. A. she wants him to go with her B. she wants him to do the rest of the homework for her C. she wants him to go dating with Emma D. she wants him to lend her the car Questions 5 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
2008年英语专业四级考试全真试卷及其参考答案SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 3 are based on the.following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation. 1. When is Anne available for the meeting? A. The third week of May. B. The third week of June. C. The eleventh of June. D. The eleventh of May. 2. Their meeting will probably take place in A. London. B. Toronto. C. Mexico City. D. Chicago. 3. When is Eric calling back? A. Thursday afternoon. B. Friday afternoon. C. Thursday morning.
D. Friday morning. Questions 4 to 6 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation. 4. According to the woman, advertisements A. let us know the best product. B. give us sufficient information. C. fail to convince people. D. give misleading information. 5. In the woman's opinion, money spent on advertisements is paid A. by manufacturers. B. by customers. C. by advertisers. D. by all of them. 6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?. A. The woman seems to be negative about advertising. B. The woman appears to know more about advertising. C. The man is to be present at a debate on advertising. D. The man has a lot to talk about on advertising. Questions 7 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation,