第一单元口译理解
第一课听取信息
I. Theory and Technique: Receiving Information
II. Technique Training
1.1 三种错误的饭后习惯
1.2 Why do we have eyebrows?
III. Interpreting Exercise
1.3 US Vice President’s speech at Fudan University
1.4 王光亚在普林斯顿大学演讲的开场白
1.5 Speech at inauguration of new facility
IV. Interpretation-related culture: etiquette
V. Everyday Accumulation: Cliché
Part one. Receiving Information
A. Difference between normal listening comprehension practice and the listening comprehension in interpretation
The most basic difference is that in the normal listening comprehension practice, a listener is only asked to understand what he hears and make judgment, while in the interpreting environment, an interpreter is asked not only to understand but also to make logical analysis of what he hears and reorganize the information with his own words and express it through interpretation.
口译时译员要兼做编辑。这是什么意思呢?就是说译员在听清并理解了讲话人话后，要能够判断出哪些是他真正要讲的话，哪些是没用、重复罗嗦的废话，从而对其进行编辑处理。那么，这样做是否有悖于翻译忠实原则呢?否。因为，口语自有口语特点。讲话人在即席发言时，脑子里往往只有一个中心思想，但是具体表达和选词造句却是想到哪儿说到哪儿。就是说，口语不可能像书面语那样严谨，其中必然有一些重复、罗嗦废话。甚至有的讲话人本来就不善言辞，经常会说出一些不完整、不知所云的话。这种情况中国人有，外国人也有。这时，译员就要善于综合，要在不遗漏讲话基本内容前提下，敢于删掉那些废话，使译出的话语条理清楚。只有这样才能真正忠于讲话人精神实质。否则一味追求逐字逐句照译，反而会给人零乱、不忠感觉。
B. Technique Training
a. Summarizing practice: After listening to a text (either in SL or TL), students are asked to summarize what he or she hears in the same language of the source text, which means if a student listens to a Chinese text, he is asked to do the summary in Chinese, and if it is in English, do it in English, so there is no listening barriers for Ss.
Tips for SP:
1) catch the logical structure of the source text: title of the text; topic sentence; narrating structure: time, direction, logical reasoning, etc; style of the text: narrative, illustrative, explanation, argument, story, etc.
2）get the trunk message (major idea)
3) be coherent (前后保持连贯一致)
Sample practice one:
三种错误的饭后习惯(Three mistaken after-meal habits )
Practice pattern:
1) Ask Ss to just listen to the audio material without referring to the written text and summarize. Purpose: to help them form the awareness of being an interpreter, to establish the direct transition from oral to oral, however, note-taking is encouraged in this technique training. After listening to the audio material for one time, get volunteers to do the summarization.
2)Ask Ss to listen for the second time with their books open and give their written summarization. Assign them homework: Translate the teacher’s summarization into English and upload their translation to the teacher’s blog, later on, compare their translation with the teacher’s in the blog.
Blog Address: http://blog. https://www.doczj.com/doc/833713263.html,/cableinterpret
First question: What are they? (one, two, three)
Second question: Why are they wrong? What is the right thing to
do?( respective reasons and advice)
错误习惯一：饭后吃水果
S: 许多人多喜欢饭后吃点水果爽口，但医生提醒说，这其实是一种错误的习惯，因为饭后马上吃水果会影响消化。如果人们长期坚持这种生活习惯，将会导致消化功能紊乱。因此，人们最好在饭后一到两个小时再吃水果。
错误习惯二：饭后饮茶
S: 医生还提醒说，人们还要注意改正饭后饮茶和饭后散步的错误习惯。饭后立即饮茶，茶水会冲淡胃液（gastric juice, stomach juice, digestive juice），影响胃内食物的正常消化。医生建议，最好在进食一小时之后再饮用茶水，这样有助于消化。
错误习惯三：饭后散步
S：“饭后百步走活到九十九”，这种说法是不科学的。人的胃的饭后处于充盈的状态，即使是非常轻微的运动也会使胃受到震动，从而增加肠胃的负担，影响消化功能。医生建议，最好在饭后三十分钟再散步。
Three mistaken after-meal habits
Many people like to eat some fruits right after a meal, however, doctors remind that it is actually a mistaken habit, for it (eating fruits right after a meal) will affect digestion. If one sticks to such a habit, it will bring about disorder of his digesting system. Thus, it is suggested that one eats fruits one or two hours after a meal.
Doctors also remind that the habits of having tea and going for a walk right after a meal are wrong and should be corrected.
If one drinks tea right after a meal, the tea water will dilute the gastric juice and affect the normal digestion of the food in stomach. Doctors suggest that one takes tea one hour after a meal.
The common saying that “If one takes a walk (of 100 steps) after a meal, he is most likely to enjoy a long life (of 99 years)” is unscientific. One’s stomach is fully-loaded with food after a meal, thus even the slightest physical movements will shake the stomach and increase its burden, affecting its digesting function. Doctors suggest that one go for a walk half an hour after a meal.
Sample Practice two:
Why do we have eyebrows?
Question 1: What roles do our eyebrows play?
Question 2: How eyebrows help protect our eyes?
Our eye brows play a very important role in keeping moisture out of our eyes. By diverting the flow of water or sweat away from our eyes, they keep our eyes dry from rain or sweat. Our eye brows are arch-shaped, which helps angle the rain or sweat around to the sides of our faces, leaving our eyes fairly dry. By catching the water or sweat, our eyebrows not only allow us to see more clearly but also keep the salt in the sweat from burning or irritating our eyes.
Eyebrows have other roles also. For example, eyebrows help us determine (tell) how people are feeling without having to ask them, for eyebrows are one of the most expressive facial features. If somebody’s eyebrows are drawn in a frown, he is most likely angry or upset.
Besides, eyebrows have been having an increasing impact on our concept of beauty or fashion. Big, thick and hairy eyebrows tend to be considered unattractive, while thin, plucked eyebrows are said to be more beautiful.
我们的眉毛对于保护我们的眼睛使其免受水汽的侵扰起着非常重要的作用。通过引流我们脸上的雨水或汗水，眉毛可以防止雨水或汗水进入我们的眼睛，从而使其保持干爽。我们的眉毛呈拱形，这有助于其将雨水或汗水引流至脸部的侧面，从而使眼睛保持干爽。通过阻流雨水或汗水，我们的眉毛不仅可以让我们看得更清楚，还可以使眼睛免受汗水中盐分的灼烧或刺痛。
眉毛还有其他一些作用。比如，我们可以通过眉毛直接判断一个人的心情，而不用去问他。当一个人的眉头紧锁时，十有八九他是不开心的或不安的。
此外，现如今眉毛对我们的审美观念的影响力也是与日俱增。浓，密、粗的眉毛就被认为是不吸引人的，而薄的经过精心拔理的眉毛则更显迷人。
口译练习部分参考译文：
美国副总统切尼2004年在复旦大学的演讲词开场白
Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words of introduction. And we are delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China.// We are grateful for the welcome we have received, especially for the kind
of reception here at Fudan University. We thank you for the honor, and we bring you good wishes from President George W. Bush and the People of the United States.//
I know that many of you will soon graduate from this great university.
I am told the standards are extremely demanding here, and a degree from Fudan University signifies years of hard work and discipline.// I congratulate each of you on your achievement, and I commend your teacher for upholding the tradition of excellence that marks the 99-year history of Fudan University.
美国副总统切尼2004年在复旦大学的演讲词开场白译文
[切尼]:非常感谢市长先生，感谢您刚才的美言介绍。今天来到这里，我们非常高兴。有幸再次来到贵国访问，我和我夫人都感到非常高兴。感谢贵国对我们的欢迎，尤其是复旦大学的款待，谢谢你们给我们的这份荣幸。我们此行带来了布什总统以及美国人民的良好祝愿。我知道在座很多同学很快就要从这所伟大的学府毕业，我听说这里的标准严格，复旦大学的学位代表着多年勤学苦练的结晶，我祝贺在座各位学生取得的成就，同时，我也非常赞赏你们的老师，是他们将拥有99年历史的复旦大学的优良传统发扬光大。
王光亚在普林斯顿大学的演讲词开场白译文
女士们、先生们：
晚上好。
很荣幸应邀到普林斯顿大学参加你们的研讨会。对我本人、我的同事及许多中国人来讲，普林斯顿大学的名字早已是耳熟能详。她的历史比这个国家还长，从这个校园里走出了美国第28任总统伍德罗·威尔逊、伟大科学家爱因斯坦、著名诗人T.S.艾略特等众多杰出人物。正如前总统克林顿先生在1996年普大建校250周年时所说：“在美国历史上的每一个紧要关头，普林斯顿大学及其师生都发挥了关键作用。”
令人高兴的是，在座诸位对中国事务都抱有研究兴趣。虽然我们两国地理上相距万里，但在日常生活中却非常相近。好莱坞影片、麦当劳快餐成了许多中国人生活中的内容。而中国加工的服装、日用品也天天伴随着美国人民。我希望通过今天的交流，能增进在座诸位对中国和中国外交政策的了解，为未来彼此的友谊与合作锦上添花。
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Good evening.
It is an honor for me to be invited to your seminar tonight. For me, for my colleagues and many other Chinese, Princeton has long been a familiar name. With a history longer than the country, it has produced many outstanding people, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th US President, Albert Einstein, the great scientist, and T. S. Eliot, the famous poet, to name but a few. As the former President Bill Clinton said in 1996 in the 250 anniversary celebration of Princeton，"At every critical moment in American history, Princeton, its leadership, its students have played a crucial role."
I am more pleased to learn that all of you have a keen interest in China. Though our two countries are geographically far apart, we have lots in common. While many Chinese enjoy Hollywood movies and McDonald's fast food, many Americans find that their clothes and daily necessities are made in China. I hope that today's seminar will help you gain a better understanding of China and its foreign policy, thus further deepening our friendship and cooperation.
翻译三级口译实务-9 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：20.00) 1.Mike: Let's go get something to eat．I am starving． 李：我也有点饿。正好，前面有家麦当劳。 Mike: There is always a McDonald's up ahead．Everywhere you turn there is another blasted McDonald's．They arejust too convenient．I amjust plain sick ofseeing the“Golden Arches”everywhere I turn．Do you know that there are over 8,000 McDonald's res- taurants in the U.S.alone and over 11,000 franchises worldwide?By the year 2020，everyone will eat at McDonald's every day． 李：反正我爱吃汉堡包。现在全世界好像没有几个地方没有麦当劳，卖出的汉堡包都超过1000亿个了。光中国这几年就建了几百家，小孩都到那儿过生日。当然，也不是每种产品都好吃，可起码都很标准，不管什么时候去吃，汉堡包都是一个样儿。 Mike: Whatever you say．I just don't think their food is all that great．By the way，do you know that theirs pokesman，Ronald McDonald,is now recognized by 96% of all American children?They are the largest minimum—wage employers in America and own more real estate than any other company on earth．What is more，they say that one of every seven American millionaires got their start at McDonald's． 李：别说了，我都要饿死了。 Mike: But I just lost my appetite． （分数：20.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：([参考译文] 麦克：赶紧找点东西吃，我饿坏了。 Li: I am also quite hungry．Hey．There is a McDonald's up ahead．麦克：只要你向前走，总能碰上麦当劳；不管你朝哪看，总能看见一家该死的麦当劳。它们简直也太方便了。无处不在的“金色双拱形”真叫人恶心。你知不知道光美国就有8,000多家麦当劳餐馆，全世界的连锁店超过了11,000家。到2020年，每个人每天都要光顾麦当劳。Li: I like the burgers anyway．Few places in the world are McDonald's free．They have sold more than 100 billion burgers worldwide．In China alone，several hundred McDonald's。restaurants have been set up in recent years，and many children prefer to have their‘birthday-parties there．Of course，not all their food is good，but at least they are consistent．One burger is completely like the other no matter when you go．麦克：随你怎么说，我反正认为那里的饭菜不怎么样。还有，你知不知道美国96%的孩子都认识麦当劳的标志——麦克唐纳大叔?麦当劳是美国最大的最低工资雇主，却拥有比地球上任何公司都多的房地产。更有甚者，据说美国每七个百万富翁中就有一个是从麦当劳起家的。Li: Give：me a break．will you?I am starving．麦克：可我已经没有胃口了。) 解析：[解析] 关于交替传译的技巧，前面已经谈过。本文主要是关于麦当劳快餐的对话。其中考查译者某些专门用语、专有名词等的掌握情况，以考查译者的基本素质；在此基础上，译者还要在相当短的时间内理解长难句并准确完整地翻译；理解某些短语和单词的确切含义并能理解其在上下文语境中的确切用法，以及理解和翻译一些口语化表达，使全文的翻译不仅准确完整，而且符合目标语的语言习惯。■基本素质采分点下列单词或短语是基础知识点，包括专有名词、惯用表达等，是译者正确理解并翻译的关键。1．McDonald's 麦当劳 2．franchises 连锁店 3．汉堡包 hamburger 4．minimum-wage 最低工资 5．real estate 房地产■结构理解采分点下面是本文出现的长难句，要求译者在很短时间内，判断其结构、大意并组织翻译语言，且保证信息的完整和准确。 1．Everywhere you turn there is another blasted McDonald's．原句是一个口语化句子，句子结构较简单，翻译时采用顺译法，并对部分结构进行转化，使译文符合中文表达习惯，blasted是口语中常用词，可译为“该死的、讨厌的”。参考译文为：不管你朝哪看，总能看见一家该死的麦当劳。2．Do you know that there are over 8,000 McDonald's restaurants in the U.S.alone and over 11,000 franchises worldwide? 原句为疑问句，实际表述的是事实。句子主
TRANSMAX口译技巧讲义1 资料目录： ·口译中最常见的单词或词组的缩写 ·口译影子训练法 ·口译记忆训练技巧 口译中最常见的单词或词组的缩写 一、缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然，如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式： 1. 拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive 2. 保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange IOU I owe you
I/O In stead of 3. 保留开头和结尾的发音字母 WK week RM room PL people 4. 根据发音 R are THO though THRU through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible
APV Approve ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN Explain EXT Extent
口译词汇及所涉及专业知识汇总Floating Dock (a metal Floating Dock ) 浮动港口Maritime Training Academy 海军训练基地 Air Force Training Academy 空军训练基地 Ocean Patrol Vessels( OPV) 海洋巡逻舰 Sea Patrol Vessels 近海巡逻船 Air Craft Carrier 航空母舰 发标to issue bidding documents 采购计划purchasing planning 渔政船fishery administration vessel 军舰Naval vessels 德班Durban 开普敦Cape Town 理查湾港Richard Bay 股权equity/share
煤矿集散地Coal distribution center 军港military harbor 商业港commercial port 武官defense attaché 商务参赞commercial counsellor 大使馆embassy 领事馆consulate 军火arms and ammunition 防务defense 中国人民解放军总装备部Chinese PLA General Armament Department 国际海军防务展IMDEX (International Maritime Defence Exhibition & Conference) 导弹护卫舰missile frigate 海军总司令commander-in-chief of the navy 总统专机president jet
人口老龄化population aging 可持续发展sustainable development 防控重大疾病 to prevent and control the outbreak of major disease 食品药品安全food and drug safety 临床经验clinical experience 免疫系统immune system 器官移植organ transplant 县级医院country-level hospital 试管婴儿test-tube baby 运动医学sports medicine 运动创伤sports injure 运动营养sports nutrition 运动康复sports recovery 医务监督medical supervision 固定资产fixed assets 工业产值industrial output 现 代化企业制度modern corporate system 社会主义市场经济socialist market economy 以市场为导向market-oriented 国际标准化组织International Standars Organization 首席执行官Chief Executive Officer 家用电器household electric appliance 质量检查quality control 国有企业state-owned enterprise 非国有企业 non-state enterprise 中外合资企业sino-foreign joint venture 独资企业wholly foreign-owned enterprise 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 宏观经济管理macroeconomic management 农业基础设施agriculture infrastructure 饮食习惯/结构dietary habits/structure 杂交水稻hybrid rice 陶制兵马俑terracotta warriors and horses 少数民族ethnic minority 了解民情to keep abreast of public feelings 交通动脉traffic artery 每隔一段距离at regular intervals 外事办公室Foreign Affairs Office 竞技性运动competitive sports 平均期望值average life expectancy 轨道交通系统rail transportation system 快速交通系统the rapid bus transit system 国家队national team 种子队seed team 主队home team 客队visiting team 行业、企业、事业单位industries ，businessess and public industries 入学率enrollment rate of school-age children 素质教育essential-quality-oriented education 改善办学条件to improve schooling condition 终身学习系统lifelong learning system 现代远程教育modern distance education 知识经济时代an era of knowledge economy 科教兴国战略the strategy of rejuvenating the nation through science and education 提高妇女地位to raise women ' s status 优化组合to optimize the production 家庭暴力family violence at home 国有企业state-run enterprise 世界卫生组织World Health Organization 总趋势the general trend 建筑面积floor space 人口密度population density 计划生育family planning 缺少劳动力to be short of manpower 集约/ 粗放型农业Intensive/Extensive agriculture 投资环境investment environment 公用事业单位public utilities 国家经济技术开发区state-level economic and technological development zone 势头良好show good momentum 深加工业deep processing industry 研发中心Research and Development Center 西电东送West-East Power Transmission Project 西气东输West-East Gas Pipeline Project 南水北调South-North Water Diversion Project 加入世贸组织accession to the WTO 经济全球化economic globalization 联合国安全理事会Unite Nations Security Council 联合国秘书处United Nations Secretariat 联合国开发计划署Unite Nations Development Program 联合国工发组织Unite Nations Industrial Development Organization 联合国人口活动基金会Unite Nations Fund for Population Activities 联合国儿童基金会Unite Nations International Children ' s Emergency Fund 联合国粮农组织Unite Nations Food an Agriculture Organization 联合国环境规划署Unite Nations Environment Program 联合国教科文组织Unite Nations Educational,Scientific and Culture Organization 联合国经社理事会Unite Nations Economic and Social Council
《口译》教学大纲 英文名称：Interpretation 一、课程目标 1. 课程性质：《口译》为英语专业学科基础课程的后续课程，为英语专业本科四年级必修课程。口译活动是集听、说、读、写、记为一体的复杂言语交际活动，因而必须以精读、泛读、听力、口语等课程为基础，在掌握这些课程所传授的技巧的基础上才能顺畅完成教学任务，是培养英语专业学生的综合语言能力的课程。此外，口译课涉及内容大多与现实生活的方方面面相关，因此除了注重词汇、句式积累，该课程注重学生的知识面拓展，努力提高学生的语言综合及运用能力，该课程将为社会培养基础实用人才。 2.教学方法：课堂教学为主，课后练习为辅 3.课程学习目标和基本要求 《口译》课旨在通过讲授口译基本及其和逻辑推理能力训练，并结合口译实践，拓宽学生知识面，培养学生跨文化交际能力、口译相关及其的这运用能力、认知、推理能力及相应的心理素质。 课堂教学应以学生为主体，教师为主导，改变以教师为中心的教学模式。注重培养学生的学习能力，学习兴趣和语言应用能力。在教学中开展以任务为中心，形式多样的教学活动。教师更多采用采用启发式，讨论式，发现式和研究式等教学方法，充分调动学生的学习积极性和主动性。在精心组织课堂教学的同时，结合口译技巧教学部分开展丰富多彩的课内外实践活动，如英语讲演，辩论，田野采集等方式，并积极探索利用现代化的语言教学手段丰富课堂教学内容。 4.课程学时：36学时 5.课程学分：3学分 6.课程类型：学科专业课 7.考核方式：考试 8.适用专业与年级：英语专业本科四年级 二、课程结构 Chapter One A brief introduction to Interpretation（学时数: 2） 知识点：1) the history of interpretation 2) the criteria of interpretation 3）the process of interpretation 4）the patterns of interpretation 重点：the history of interpretation; the criteria of interpretation; the process of interpretation; the patterns of interpretation, etc 难点：interpretation skills, the cultural elements in interpretation Chapter Two Ceremonial interpretation and public speeches skills（学时数: 4）
英译汉 Threshold 门口；界限，起始点Information Revolution 信息革命 currency system 货币制度 inflation 通货膨胀 financial fraud 金融失误 rubber industry 橡胶工业 barrier 障碍，壁垒Peterson University 彼得逊大学periodical subscription 期刊 volume （书）册，数量，卷multi-media 多媒体 Intranet 内联网 win-win situation “双赢”局面roadmap 路线 mutual benefit 互惠互利sustainable development 持续发展heartland 中心城市dominant trend 主流 trend of the time 时代潮流 social communication intelligence 社会交际智能 joint venture 合资企业manufacture 制造，加工distributer 批发商 retailer 零售商 reputation 名誉 derive from 源自，来源于pasture 饲养，放牧temperate climate 温带气候 yield （谷物）产量Grassland farming 畜牧业 Candor 坦率，正直Holiday resorts 度假胜地 ski slopes 滑雪坡地championship 一流的informality 非正式，无拘无束roar 咆哮，喧闹cosmopolitan 世界性的 give instruction in 讲授 scuba diving 戴水肺潜水compassionate 有同情心的 World Economic Forum 世界经济论坛Secretary-General of the United Nations 联合国秘书长
尽管每个人的对记录符号的使用可能是多样的，同一事物不同的人可能会使用不同的符号，同一符号在不同的人意识中肯能代表不同的意思，但是通行的原则还是存在的，活用这些原则，那会让你在口译的过程中如虎添翼…… 在听力活动中，笔记是一个辅助我们记忆的非常有效的工具。 对于专业的口译译员来说，口译笔记的作用是帮助他们还原刚刚听到的内容。而对于同学们来说其最大的作用则是在我们做题的时候帮助我们记录并最终理清语言材料之间的逻辑关系，还原具体信息细节。 在听力练习当中，题目经常是在一大段语言材料播放完毕之后才出现，由于人记忆能力的局限这个时候很多本来已经听懂的内容已经无法被我们回忆起来，造成了信息模糊、信息丢失，以至于无法完成题目。而笔记可以有效地弥补人短时记忆的缺陷，掌握一点英语口译者们常用的笔记法，你会发现这些“专业人士”所谓的“高端技能”，对于普通的学习者来说同样有很大意义，可以帮助我们在一般的听力考试中游刃有余。 英语笔记法的适用前提——听力过关（五大支柱），听懂是做笔记的前提条件，如果听都没有听懂，又怎么可能去记？再好地记录能力都不可能创造信息本身。 下面举例说明听力笔记的一些技巧： 1、不要大量记录文字（汉字、单词） ——而要使用符号来表示意思（缩写、图形） Eg：“powerful country”记作“强口”， “我同意”记作“I√ ”； “观点，看法一致”记作“⊙ same”， “economic development”记作“经↑” ↑表示“上升、快速上升、快速发展、快速上涨等” ↓表示“下降、减少、急剧下降、急速下跌等”； ↗表示“缓慢上升，缓慢发展、缓慢上涨等”； ←表示“返回，倒退等”; →表示“达到，至，导致，前进等”； +表示“加，增加，此外，另外，又加之”； —表示“减少，减”； ＞表示“多于，大于，强于”； ＜表示“少于，小于，不如”； ∵表示“因为，由于”； ∴表示“所以，因此”； =表示“等于，相同，与……相同”。 t表示thousand; m表示million; b表示 billion; 1st表示first。 2、不要横着写：
1.我非常感谢... Thank you very much for... 2.热情友好的欢迎辞 gracious speech of welcome 3...之一 be one of 4.访问...是... A visit to...has... 5.多年梦寐以求的愿望 has long been my dream 6...给予我一次...的机会... (The visit will) give me(an excellent ) opportunity to ... 7.我为...，再次表达（我的愉快之情和荣幸之感）。 I wish to say again that I am so delighted and privileged to... 8.（我对您为我到达贵国后所做的一切安排）深表感谢。 note:注意这里“到达”的动词向名词形式的转变。 I'm deeply grateful for everything you've done for me since my arrival in China. 9.（我很高兴）有此机会（来贵公司工作），与中国汽车业的杰出人士合作共事。note：（1）这里的“合作共事”可以不译，由前面的“工作”统领，用with连接就可以了。（2）“杰出人士”的翻译 I'm very glad to have the opportunity to work in your company with a group of brilliant people in China's automobile industries. 10....多年来一直盼望... note：主要是对“盼望”一词的快速反应。have been looking forward to ...for many years 11.我很感激... note：出现“感激”，首先反应就是appreciate 及其同族词。 I appreciate... 12.你若不在意的话，... If you don't mind,... 13.去...走走 tour around... 14.浦江商务旅游公司note：注意其中的旅游的选词 Pu Jiang Business Travel Company 15.国家旅游局 note：局不一定要用bureau the Chinese National Tourist Administration 16.经...批准的... ...approved by... 17.在华... ...in China 18.以...为主要服务对象 provide services mainly to... 19.公司的宗旨是... We operate under the principal of ... 20.促进，改善，发展 promote,improve,promote 21...及其周边地区 ...and its surrounding areas 22.提供全方位的服务 note：注意这里的“全方位”的翻译 offer an all-round service to... 23.竭诚 do one's best 24.坦诚相待 ...in an honest partnership 25.商务 business activities 26.我们很高兴... It gives us great pleasure to... 27.再次接待... note:学习这种比较特殊的说法 to play host to ... once again 29.学校的全体师生员工 the faculty,students and staff of the university 30.向...表示热烈欢迎 ...wish to extend one's warm welcome to ... 31.格林博士和夫人 Dr.and Mrs. Green 32.我相信... I am convinced that... 33.这次对...的访问 note:注意“这次”的翻译 current visit to... 34....必将为... ...will surely...
上海英语中级口译完全自学通过心得（口试部分）转载 这个世界上牛人很多，但我坚信，根据正态分布原则，大多数人还是和我一样的。本着这一原则，我才敢在这里以过来人（而不是成功者）的身份发表一点感想。牛人们就没有必要看了，以免让你们见笑。考证的实质是确立一个目标，然后尽自己最大的努力去完成，做到价值实现，是一个磨砺心志、走向成功的过程。如果有人认为我写得太浅显、没用，看到这里就可以点击页面右上方的“×”了，不必为此拍砖。我不指望这篇文章万人分享，但也不想花一晚上时间整理出来的、旨在希望像我一样的非牛人都能取得令自己满意的成绩的东西得到的尽是些负面评价。文章是给非牛人写的，就好比在市场中，法拉利和奇瑞一样能生存，只是分别抓住了不同层次的市场。 一、简介 口试在每年5月和11月，分为口语与口译两部分。口语部分要求考生就指定话题作三分钟左右的命题发言，话题后面有三个提示问题，但不要求一定要按照问题阐述观点。考生拿到口语试题后有五分钟的准备时间。口译分英译汉和汉译英两部分，每部分均要求口译主题各不相同的两个段落。各两段，每段四断，每断两或三句。每断单独评分，2/3及以上翻译对即算对，翻译对11断及以上可以通过。 建议大家笔试结束后马上开始复习，不要等到笔试成绩公布，时间肯定来不及。考试委员会为了赚口试报名费，笔试一般都会让你过的。再者一鼓作气，再而衰，三而竭，第一次的通过概率其实最大。
口试全程共会接触到三个教室：备考区、侯考室和考场。备考区是大教室，供考生等待考试用；侯考区是中型教室，在这里考生将得到口语试题并准备5分钟；考场就是上课的教室或教师休息室。 （1）备考区。因为口试分批进行，每批的考题是一样的。为防止作弊，从进入备考区直到参加完口试离开教学楼，考生不准使用任何通讯工具，否则将取消考试资格，这一点一定要切记。进入备考区出示必要的证件，然后带手机的同学会被要求将手机关闭并封存在一个信封内。然后考生会拿到一张“承诺书”，下半部分签个字裁下来，上半部分不要扔，留着记口语题目（这个后面要谈到）。考试的先后顺序根据口试号，分为多批同时进行。具体什么时候参加口试事先并不知道，所以建议带一些干粮，以免最后一批考在等待3个多小时后饥肠辘辘。但是少喝水，理由就不用我多说了吧。 （2）侯考区。在备考区被考官叫到考号后会被带到侯考区。监考人员发下一张A4纸，上面有口语的题目和提示问题，有5分钟时间准备，可以使用字典和电子词典，但是不能和周围同学讨论（和外面同学讨论当然更不可以啦）。另外考卷不能带入考场，上面也不能作任何标记，所以你必须记住考题。不要记在口试证后面，据说有的考官看到会反感，写在“承诺书”后面好了。 （3）正式考试。离开侯考区，考生按照顺序找到属于自己的考试教室。因为前一个人可能还在考试，所以你可能要在教室外等。开门进去，在你面前是两位考官和两台录音机，一台放口译试题，另一台录下你的口译。检查证件、发记录纸，然后开始录音，口试正式开始。在进行口语部分前要说“My name is…., my registration number is…”。接着就是口语和口译……
翻译二级口译实务-30 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ{{/B}}(总题数：2，分数：50.00) 1.{{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} China's economy, once reliant on state spending in heavy industry, has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth. Market-oriented reforms begun in 1978 have created a growing private sector, and much of that is concentrated in the retail trade. The state has also moved aggressively to tap the retail market as reforms put money in the pockets of the nation's consumers. That has created a service economy where, sometimes, the customer really is king. Before the reforms took hold, a shopping excursion often meant a test of wills, with sleepy attendants at state-owned stores with little incentive to sell. Goods were often shoddy and carelessly displayed. Shortages were common and ration coupons were needed to buy anything from rice to cloth and cooking oil. Those days are all but forgotten now. Broadly defined, retail consumption, estimated in excess of US$450 billion, is growing by about 10% annually. With a value added tax of 17% applied to all goods, the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue. Since 1978, the private sector has embraced retailing in a big way. Government-owned factories have been forced to lay off millions of workers to trim costs and start making a profit. That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector, with a high percentage operating privately-run corner shops, convenience stores, clothing shops, bars and restaurants, and even beauty parlors and dry cleaners. Foreign investors have also moved into the market in force, investing more than US$3 billion in China since 1992. Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart, some 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate following China's entry into the' WTO. While foreign-invested stores still account for only 2-4% of all retail sales, their impact has been profound. Their presence has forced local retailers to compete by expanding their scale of business and making their stores more attractive to customers. The new entrants in the market have brought an array of goods. While foreign brands were once reserved for the elite or wealthy foreigners, they are now aimed at local customers. （分数：25.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(中国经济一度靠国家投资重工业来维持增长，而目前零售业已日趋成为经济的增长点。1978年开始的市场经济改革使私人经济不断扩大，而其中很大部分都集中在零售业。随着改革使消费者的收入日益提高，国家加速了零售业的发展。服务产业的形成使顾客有时也有了当“上帝”的感觉。改革前，逛街购物通常意味着对意志的考验，国营商场里那些昏昏欲睡的售货员们卖东西的积极性不高。货物的质量往往不够好，商品的摆放也是漫不经心。缺货断货是常有的事，大米、布匹、食用油都要凭票购买。那样的日子早已一去不复返了。广义上的零售消费额估计超过4500亿美元，并以每年10%的速度递增。加上所有商品17%的增值税，零售业已成为国家财政收入的主要来源之一。自1978年以来，私营经济大规模进入零售业。国有企业为了降低成本和赢利被迫大批裁减职工。许多下岗职工进入零售业，不少人经营小卖铺、便利店、服装店、酒吧、餐馆，甚至美容店和干洗店。国外投资商也大举进入零售市场。自1992年以来，他们在中国的投资已超过 30亿美元。以家乐福和沃尔玛为首，约300家外资零售商获准在中国设立2200家连锁店。随着中国的人世，这一发展速度肯定还要加快。虽然外商在零售总额中只占2%～4%，但他们对市场却产生了深远的影响。外商的存在促使国内零售企业在竞争中不断扩大规模，增强对顾客的吸引力。新来者为市场带来了大量的商品，原来仅为精英人士和外国富人准备的外国名牌商品，现在也瞄准了中国本地的消费者。) 解析：[解析] 本文主要讨论中国零售业发展的情况。文章将中国市场经济改革前的情况和改革后的情况作了比较，说明中国零售业的迅速发展。文章认为国外投资商大举进入中国零售市场和中国加入世贸组织会
巴黎释意学派口译理论（Interpretive theory of translation） 1．简介 巴黎释意学派诞生于20世纪60年代末的法国，其核心人物是巴黎高等翻译学校的Seleskovitch和Lederer两位教授。以认知科学理论为指导，围绕着口译过程中意义的感知、理解、记忆、提取与表达进行了坚持不懈的探索，创立了国际口译届第一套系统的、用于解释口译心理过程、指导会议口译教学与实践的理论—释意理论。 2．基本观点 该理论认为，翻译，从本质上讲，是一种复杂的交际行为（a complex communicative act）。 释意理论强调翻译是交际行为，翻译的对象绝不是语言，而是借助语言表达的意义，翻译的任务是转达交际意义。 “释意理论”认为，口译不是从源语到译语的直接转换，而是“建立在理解基础上的再表达”。 3．核心观点：口译是以言语理解加上言外知识认知补充（cognitive complement of extralinguistic knowledge）为基础的释意过程。 研究视角口译作为一种信息处理过程：A语口译B语 口译三角模式： 第一语言 Deverbalisation: Immediate and deliberate discarding of the wording and retention of the mental representation of the message 口译过程中，译员为完成特殊交际 条件下的功能性需要，在整合语义信息和其他层面的话语信息和语用 信息的基础上，在长期工作记忆内形成的、以高层次语义表征或多层 次宏观语义网络为基本存在形式和主要存在特征的意义存在状态。 Seleskovitch notes that dropping form aids the interprete r’s memory because they are not concentrating on remembering the words, or even the structure of the source text. Instead, the interpreter understands the message, connects it to long-term memory, and is then able to reformulate it in a more efficient way. Notes help the interpreter retrieve the message from their long-term memory and consist of, “symbols, arrows, and a key word here or there.” The “key words” may consist of words that will remind the interpreter of the speaker’s point, or of specific information “such as proper names, headings and certain numbers”. “Even memorizing a half dozen words would distract the interpreter, whose attention is already divided between listening to his own words, and those of the speaker...His memory does not store the words of the sentence delivered by the speaker, but only the meaning those words convey.” (Seleskovitch, 1978, 30-31) 4．口译的三阶段： a)理解（comprehension） 理解的内容是交际意义，而不是语言本身，包括语言知识、认知补充、主题知识与 百科知识、交际环境等。 b)脱离源语语言外壳（deverbalisation）
中级口译口试词汇分类整理--教育 函授学院correspondence school 附中middle / high school affiliated to … 政治思想教育political and ideological education 自学成才to become educated through independent study 奖学金scholarship; fellowship; financial grant 领取助学金的学生 a grant-aided student 博士生Ph.D candidate 博士后post–doctoral 毕业生分配graduate placement 成人高考/自学考试the national higher education exams for self-taught adults 成人教育adult education 充电update one's knowledge 初等教育elementary education 大学城college town 大学社区college community 大专文凭associate degree 分数mark; grade 成绩单transcript 毕业论文(大学)paper; （研）thesis; （博）dissertation 实习internship; field work 毕业典礼graduation ceremony; commencement 毕业证书certificate 高等教育higher education 高等学府institution of higher education 综合性大学comprehensive university 文科院校colleges of (liberal) arts 理工科大学college / university of science and engineering 师范学院teachers' college / normal college 工科大学polytechnic university 农学院college of agriculture 医学院medical school 中医院institute of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) 音乐学院music school 美术学院academy of fine arts 高分低能high scores and low abilities 高考(university / college) entrance examination 高校扩招the college expansion plan 国家普通话水平考试National Proficiency Test of Putonghua (Mandarin) 函授大学correspondence university 教授professor 副教授associate professor