在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
提示:关系词在定语从句中有三大作用
1.连接作用一连接先行词和定语从句。
I gave her all the money that I ha我把我所有的钱都给了她。(that 连接先特词money和定
语从句I had
2.替代作用一在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
The man who lives next door is a famous teache住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。(who替代
the man)
3.成分作用一在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style.
我喜欢传统的中国画。
(which在定语从句中作主语)
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, th簿。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, th等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
A. Who
指人，在定语从句中作主语。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money?
借钱给你的那人叫什么名字? ( 定语从句修饰先行词the man)
He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。(定语从句修饰先行词he)
The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.
会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。(定语从句修饰先行词the chairman)
B. Whom
指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但.
在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。
There are some
people whom/who we like and others whom/who we dislike.
有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。(定语从句分别修饰先行词people,others) The people whom/who I work with are all friendly.
和我一起工作的人都很友好。(定语从句修饰先行词thepeople)
Mr. Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.
Mr. Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night，is very interested in our plan.
昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。(非限制性定语从句中不能用who代替whom)
Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office.
两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。(在介词后面不用who)
C. Whose
.人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。
There are some people whose faces you can never forget.
有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。(定语从句修饰先行词people)
I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.
我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。(定语从句修饰行词trees)
D. Which
1.指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
English is a language which is easy to learn.
英语是一门容易学的语言。(which 在定语从句中作主语，不能省略)
The children like cookies (which) my wife makes.
孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。(关系代词which作makes的宾语，可以省略)
2. which 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于and this
Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody.
吉姆通过了驾驶考试,这使大家都感到惊讶。(定语从句修饰的是整个主句,而不是thedriving test)
Sheila couldn't come to the party, which was a pity.
希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。(定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the party)
3.which在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。
John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West I ake together.
约翰在这里呆了一-星期，在此期间我们一-起游了西湖。
It might snow this weekend, in which case we won't go to Beijing.
周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。
E. That
指人时，相当于who或whom;指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语(做宾
语时常可省略)。
He is the man that lives next door.
他就是住在隔壁的那个人。(定语从句修饰先行词the man作主语)
I don't like stories that have unhappy endings.
我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。(定语从句修饰先行词stories，作主语)
The dress (that) Anbought doesn't fit her very well.
安买的衣服不太合身。(定语从句修饰先行词the dress that 作宾语可省略)
Is there anything (that) I can do for you?
有我能为你效劳的事吗?(定语从句修饰先行词anything，that作宾语，可省略)
提示:
在口语中，that 有时还可以作关系副词，相当于when或介词+which结构。
We left the day (that) he arrive他来的那一天，我们就走了。(that 替when )
He doesn't see things the way (that) we see th伸看问题的方法和我们不一-样。(that代替in which)
Imagine the speed(that)he drives his car!很难想象，他开车的速度那么快！（that 代替at which）
F.其他关系代词
as和but也可作关系代词，引导定语从句。
1. As
as可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。
①在限制性定语从句中，as 可跟在由such, so, the sam修饰的先行词之后。
Such men as heard him were deeply moved.
听过他说话的人，都会深受感动。(as 在定语从句中作heard的主语)
I've never heard such stories as he tells.
我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。(as 在定语从句中作tell 的宾语)
He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift.
他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。(as 在定语从句中lift 的宾语)
比较:
在the same a结构中，as 也可用that 代替。但严格地说，the same a强调相同，the same that
注重同一。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。(as 指的是与先行词相似的同类事物)
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.
她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。(that 指的是与先行词同一事物)
②在非限制性定语从句中，as 可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前
或主句之后，--般用逗号与主句分开。
As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China.
众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。
He is from the outh, as we can know from his accent.
他是南方人，这一点我们从他的口音可以知道。
必背:
一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。
as is known to all这是众所周知的
as may be imagined 这可以想象得出
as has been said before 如前所说
as has been pointed out正如已经指出的那样
asisoftenthecase情况常常如此
as often happens 这种情况常常发生
2. But
but作关系词只能引导限制性定语从句,同具有否定意思的主句连用,相当于that not, who not
或which not
There is not a single student in my class but would like to study more.
我班上没有一个学生不愿意多学一点的东西的。(but = who not
There are very few but are against wa很少人不反对战争。(but = who ndt
G.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句是一种非常常见但也比较复杂的定语从句结构。
1.介词+关系代词中介词的位置
关系代词whom, which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间( that, who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned. .
= He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.
他是个经验丰富的人，从他那儿可以学到很多。
The school in which he once worked is a key school.
=The school (which that) he once worked in is a key school.
他曾经工作过的学校是--所重点学校。
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our
working conditions.
我就职的那家公司经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
2.介词+关系代词的常见结构
①介词+which whom
This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.
很幸运，我们带了一张地图，如没有的话，我们就会迷路了。
②名词+of+ which /whom
Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. 请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。( 也可用
whose cover
③数词+of+ which /whomShe's got three lucky pens, two of which she never uses.
她有三只幸运笔，其中两只从未用过。
④代词+of+ which /whom
In the basket I find many apples, some of which have gone bad.
我发现篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
There are fifty students in our class，most of whom are from big cities.
我们班有50个学生，其中大多数来自大城市。
⑤最高级+of+ which /whom
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwa国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。
⑥介词+which+名词
He usually returns home at ten, at which hour his father locks all the doors ad windows.
他通常十点钟回家，在这时候他爸爸锁好所有的门窗。
His wife got seriously ill, in which case he had to give up the chance of going abroad.
他的妻子病得很重，在这种情况下，他不得不放弃出国的机会。
3.关系代词前介词的选择
在介词+关系代词引导的定语从句中，应注意介词的正确选择。
①根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。
The two things of which they felt proud were Jim's watch and Della's hair.
他们引以为豪的两样东西是吉姆的手表和德拉的头发。(feelproudo是固定搭配词组) In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help 在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。（turn to sb.for help是固定搭配词组）
②根据与前面名词的搭配关系选择。
I'll never forget the ay on which I first met him.
我永远忘不了我第一.次遇见他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介词on)
Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used?
你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗?(asituation前面一般用in)
③有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。
Is that the house in which you once lived
那就是你曾经住过的房子吗? (Live in the house)
④根据所要表达的意思来确定。
This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly. .
这是我的眼镜，离了它我什么也看不清。
注意:
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
I，who am your best friend, will do all that I can to help you.
我是你的好朋友，我会尽我一.切所能来帮你。
The family, who are fond of music, go to the concert once a month.
这家人很爱音乐，他们每月都去听一次音乐会。
He is one of the boys in our class who speak English well.
他是班上英语说得很好的男生之一。(one of复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词
用复数形式) He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.
他是班上唯一英语说得很好的男生。(the (only) one the very one the right one复数名词+关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用单数形式)
二、关系副引导的定语从句
引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where或why等。when,where,why分别在定语从句中作
状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。
A. when
指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。(when= on which)
He came at a time when we needed him most.
他是在我们最需要他的时候来的。(when=atwhich)
We will never forget the year 1949, when th People's Republic of China was founded.
我们永远忘不了1949年，那是中华人民共和国成立的一-年。(when= in which)
B. where
指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
I recently went back to the town where I was born.
我最近曾回过一.次我出生的城市。(where = in which)
I would like to live in a country where there is plety of sunshine.
我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。(where=in which)
What's the name of the place where you spent your holiday
你度假的那个地方叫什么名字? (where = at which)
C. why
指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
请告诉我你误机的原因。(why = for which)
Te reason why he was punished is unknown to us.
他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。
注意:
无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中取代了先行词，因此，先行词在定语从
句中不复出现。
[误] This is the book that I borrowed it yesterday.
[正] This is the book that I borrowed yesterday.
这就是我昨天借的书。( that在定语从句中取代了先行词the book作borowed的宾语，因此，要去掉it)
[误] The English Corner is the place where people often go there to practise their spoken English.
[正] The English Corner is the place where people often go to practise their spoken English.
英语角是人们经常去练习英语口语的地方。(where在定语从句中取代了先行词the pace 作go的状语，因此，要去掉there)
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
根据定语从句在句中所起的作用，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
A.限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。
This is the boy who broke the window.
这就是打破窗子的孩子。(the boy是先行词，who broke the indo是限制性定语从句，明确
指出the boy是打破窗子的那个孩子)
I have a book which teaches English grammar.
我有一.本讲解英语语法的书。(a book是先行词，which teaches English gramma是限制性定
语从句，修饰the book)
The people whom you met in the hall are from Japan.
你在大厅见到的那些人来自日本。(定语从句whom you met in the h龃先行词the people)
B.非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语，对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。如果
去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。
I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.
我是你的朋友，将与你分担这项工作。(I 是先行词，who am your frien是非限制性定语从
句，对先行词I起附加说明的作用)
New Concept English is intended for foeign students, which is known to us all.
新概念英语是专为外国学生编写的，这是我们大家都知道的。(which is known to us all 是非限制性定语从句，对主句作进一步的补充说明）
C．在下列情况下，通常使用非限制性定语从句
1.当先行词表示的是世界上独一无二的人或物时。
The sun, which gives us light and heat, is a fixed star.
太阳是一颗恒星，它给我们光和热。
Last year I visted the People's Great Hall, where many important meetings are held every year.
去年我参观了人民大会堂，每年许多重要会议都要在那里举行。
2.当定语从句修饰整个主句时。
Taiwan belongs to China, as everyone knows.
众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。
The weather was very terrible, which we hadn't expected.
天气非常糟糕，这点们没有料到。
3.当先行词是专有名词，或先行词本身指示意义十分明确时。
Mr. Joe lives in Beijing now, which is quite a long way from here.
乔先生现在住在北京，那里距离这儿很远。
I congratulate my neighbour, whose son has just won the election.
我祝贺我的邻居，他的儿子刚刚赢得选举。
非限制性定语从句的五个“不能”
(1) 关系词不能用that
(2)关系词不能用why，只能用for which
(3)有且只有as 能放整个句首，which不能
(4)介词+关系代词其中的关系代词不能用as。介词+ which/ whom
(5) 指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom;不能用who替换，也不能省略。
四、关系代词和关系副词的选用
引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用，比较复杂除了牵涉到所指的先行词是人还是
物，所引导的定语从句是限制性的还是非限制性的，以及关系词在从句中充当什么句子成份
外，还要根据习惯用法而定。
A.只用who
1.在非限制定语从句中指人时:
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。
2.先行词是one, anyone, thos等指人时:
One who has nothing to fear for hiself dares to tell the truth.
一个无所畏惧的人敢说真话。
Anyone who breaks the law shall be published.
任何犯法的人都将受到惩罚。
Those who are against the plan put up your hands please.
凡是反对这项计划的人，请举手。
3.在there/here be开头的句子中。
Here is a boy who wants to see you.
有个男孩想见你。.
B.只用which whom
在下列情况下，一般不能用that代替which whom
在非限制性定语从句中。
The weather was very terible, which we hadn't expected.
天气非常糟糕，这我们没有料到。
2.介词后面。
关系代词紧跟在介词或短语介词后面，只能用which或whom，不能用that。
He climbed up to the top of a large rock, from which he got a good view.
他爬到一-块巨大的岩石顶上，从那里他看到很好的景色。(也可用from where) Sound is a tool, by means of which people communicate with each other.
声音是工具，人们通过这个工具进行交流。
C.只用that
1.当先行词为everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, lifte词时,或当先行词被every, any,
all,some, no, lttle, few, muc笛词修饰时。
Everything that they said was tru他所说的一.切都是真的。
He is dead and there's nothing that can be db死了，再也没有什么办法了。
There was litttle that we could do to help我们没有什么能帮助她的。
These walls are all that remain of the ancint 这些墙是这座古城所残存下来的全部
提示: something 后面可用which引导定语从句。
There is something(which/ that) I'd like to tell yo有些事我想告诉你。
2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
The first place (that) they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
She was probably the hardest working student (that) I have ever taught.
她也许是我教学生中学习最勤奋的。
3.当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。
This Is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy他这正是我要买的语法书。
Beauty is the only thing (that) Emily can be proud of美丽是埃米莉唯一能骄傲的东西。
4.当先行词为who或前面有who,which等疑问代词时。.
Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?
有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的事情?
Who is the man that is standing by the gate站在门口的那个人是谁?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most哪件T恤衫最合我的身?
5.当先行词为人与事物或动物时。.
The driver and his car that fell into the river have not yet been discovered.
掉入河里的司机与车都还没有找到。
The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the wood were rescued this morning.
被认为在森林里迷路的孩子与狗，今天早上已经获救了。
6.先行词在定语从句中做表语时。
She is no longer the sweet girl (that) she used to姚再也不是过去那个甜美的女孩了。
He is not the man (that) he seerf他这人不貌相。
D.关系副词与关系代词的选择
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词时，定语从句用关系副词还是关系代词来引导，
要根据关系词在定语从句中所担当的句子成分来决定。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.
我永远忘不了我们一-起度假的日子。(when作状语)
I will never forget the days which we spent together.
我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。(which 作we spent宾语)
I know a place where we can have a picnic.
我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。( where作状语)
I know a place which is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。(which 作主语)
E.关系词的省略
在下列情况下，关系代词或关系副词在非正式文体中可以省略。
1.关系代词that, which, who, whon在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。
Are these keys (that which) you were looking fo这是你正在寻找的钥匙吗?
The man (who that) I was sitting net to on the plane talked all the time.
飞机上坐在我旁边的那个人一.直在喋喋不休。.
2.以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。
I don't like the way (that in which) she wa我不喜欢她走路的样子。
The way (that in which) he answered the questions was surprising.
他回答这些问题的方式令惊奇。
3.在the time when, the place where, the reason 结构的中，when, where, why可省略。
I shall never forget the day (when) we first met我永远不能忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
That's the place (where) he stayed when he was in the country那就是他在乡下呆过的地方。
F.定语从句与强调句型的区别
1.强调句型中的it是个引导词，本身没有意义。如果去掉it is/was that 句子结构仍然完整，
句意也完整。定语从句中的it是指示代词，做主句的主语。如果去掉it is/was that 句子结构不完整，意思也完整。
1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported \has been proved that... It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 *What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 *How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. *I did not know why I felt like crying. 练习： 1. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 2. ________ makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever 3. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________. A. That…that you had expected B. What …that you had expected C. That…what you had expected D. What…what you had expected 4. It ________ Bob drives badly. A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that 5. ____ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. （vt） *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. （prep） *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. （adj） *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. (介词的固定搭配）
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ、概念: (１) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词（antｅcedｅｎt)后面。 (2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语，或整个主句。 (3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。 关系词得作用: 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词; ２) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语，状语) 常用得关系代词: ｔhat、wｈｉcｈ、wｈo、whom、wｈosｅ,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语）、why(原因状语)、wｈe ｒｅ（地点状语） 可以修饰人得关系代词:thａt, ｗho，wｈｏｍ,whosｅ 可以修饰事得关系代词:tｈat, whｉcｈ, as，whose, The studeｎt who answerｅd ｔhe ｑuestion was John、 Ｉkｎow thｅｒeasoｎwhy he wａｓso angｒy、 The bｏy （wｈom) ｙou are taｌkｉnｇｔo is myｂrotｈｅｒ、 Ｉ'd likｅ a ｒoｏｍwhose window fａｃesｔｈe sea、 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词; 第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语); 第三选择合适得关系词。 Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法: ●tｈat:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于whｏ或wｈｏｍ;指物时,相当于whiｃh)（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语) 如: 1、A lｅtteｒthaｔ／which is wrｉtｔen in peｎcｉl is diffiｃult ｔo ｒead、（主语) 2、Do yｏu kｎｏw tｈe gentleman ｔhａｔ/ｗｈｏspoke just ｎｏw? 3、Ｙou can takｅａnything ( ｔhat)you like、(宾语) 4、Whaｔｉs thｅquestiｏｎ(ｔhat/whｉｃh) they aｒｅｔalｋing about? 5、Hｅreｉs theｍan （wｈo／whom/ｔhat) yｏu want tｏsee、 6、Ｓhe＇s no longeｒthe girl( that) sｈeｕsｅd to ｂe befｏre、（表语） 7、Ｏuｒhometｏwn iｓno ｌonger ｔhｅoｎe (thａt)it usｅｄto ｂe、(=Ｏｕr homeｔｏｗn iｓｎot tｈe sａｍe as it uｓed tｏｂe、 = Our hｏmｅtｏwn is diffeｒenｔfrom what iｔｕｓｅｄtｏｂe。 =Ouｒhometｏｗn ｉs notｗhａt it uｓed to ｂe、) ●which：指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如： 1、Thｅboｏk which/thａｔwas ｏn the ｄeｓkｗａsｂought bｙｍy fatｈer、(主语) 2、Tｈｅboｏk(whiｃh/tｈaｔ) Ｉｂｏught yesteｒdaｙｉs very
高中英语复习专题：定语从句 一．概述 She is the girl who likes singing . 她是个喜欢唱歌的女孩。 ↓ ↓ ↘ 先行词 引导词 定语从句 定语从句：在句中作定语，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，通常出现在先行词之后，由引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。只作整个句子的一个成份，起修饰和说明的作用。 关系代词：在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语 关系副词：在从句中作地点、时间或原因状语 结构： 主句的先行词 + 引导词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的定语从句 ↓ ↓ 二. 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as 的基本用法 1. who ：在从句中作主语，只可指人 ①The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） ②Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.任何犯法的人都应受到惩罚。（作主语） 2. whom：who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人 ①Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？ ②The professor whom you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 3. whose：属格，在从句中作定语，可指人或物。 ①Who is the girl whose father is a doctor? 父亲是医生的那个女孩是谁？ ②I want the book whose cover is red. 我要封面是红色的那本书。 ③I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 【★】指人/物时，常用下列结构来代替whose+n.= the+n.+of which/ the+n.+of whom 或of which+the+n./ of whom+the+n. ①她就是我们班上发音最好的学生。 She is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class. the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class. of whom the pronunciation is the best in our class. ②你看到窗户破了的房子吗？ Do you notice the house whose window is broken? the window of which is broken? of which the window is broken? 4. that：作主语、★宾语（可省略），可指人或物 ①Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） ②China is not the country that she used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。(that作主语) ③The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语可省略） 5. which：作主语、★宾语（可省略），指物 ①Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。（作主语） ②The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语） ③This is the pen (which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。（作宾语）
定语从句专项知识点总结汇总 - 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如： Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：
定语从句 一、基本概念 1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the ，但在指“一个”概念时可用a , an 。 3．关系代词/ 关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。 4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。 5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类： 关系代词：that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as 关系副词：when, where, why 二、基本用法
2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题： a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。 1.先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。 1.I told him all (that) I know. 2.He gave her everything (that) he had. 2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。 1.I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 2.You can take any book (that) you like. 3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。 1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read. 2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai. 4.先行词既有人又有物时。 1.We talked about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school. 2.The people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found. 5.在Who, Which引起的疑问句中。 1. Who is the boy that helped you? 2. Which is the book (that) you bought yesterday? 6. 若有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。 He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time. 7. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. b.在以下几种情况下只使用which 不用that。 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. (which 作宾语，指代主句中的pen) New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us. (which作主语，指代整个主句) 2. 若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是which，另一个须用that。 The book (that) he bought yesterday was the one (which) he liked best. 3. 先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. c.当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用who 不用that。 1. 先行词为all, anyone, one / ones, those, people 时，须用who。 1. Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now. 2. Those who want to see the film please put up your hands. 3. He, who does not reach the Great Wall, is not a true man. 2. 在非限制性定语从句中，须用who。 Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard. 3. 在被分隔的定语从句中，须用who。 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 4. 在以there be开头的句子中，多用who。 There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster. 5. 若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that，另一个须用who。 The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that studies very hard.
高中英语语法重点难点回顾――定语从句 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物 主语Who which that 主语Whom which that 宾语Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如： There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom are well educated. (4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。 (6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征．品性或才能的人。Which 引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。 (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。 (8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用who 或whom，不用which。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you? 3．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
高中英语定语从句知识点及练习
高中英语---定语从句 一定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 二关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
4. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 、 The season that/which comes after spring is summer. The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 5. whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 注意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 2. 介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。
定语从句 一﹑概念 定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在它修饰的先行词之后，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。定语从句就其与先行词的关系，可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句与先行词的关系十分密切，如果去掉该从句，主句意思就不能表达完整。通常情况下，朗读时中间没有停顿，从句和主句之间不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系很松散，去掉从句，主句意思仍然清楚，从句只是作附加说明。朗读时中间一般有停顿，从句和主句之间用逗号分开。如： Yesterday I met one of my friends, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我遇到了一位老朋友，他好像很忙。 They want to set up a country of their own, where they can be their own masters. 他们想建立自己的国家，在那儿他们可以当家作主。 这里我们先讨论限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句使被修饰的词代表一个、一些或一类特定的人或事物，这种定语从句已和被修饰词构成了一个完整的意思，定语从句不能拿掉，否则剩下的主句就会失去意义，显得莫名其妙，不知所云而不能成立。 二、关系代词 （1）最常用的关系代词是who, whom, whose, that和which。关系代词同时起了两个作用。它们可以像别的代词一样，可以代表一个名词，在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，同时，它们又起到了连词的作用，把主句和从句连接起来。如： 1. What’s the name of the girl who just came in? 刚才进来的那位姑娘叫什么名字？ 2. Do you know the gentleman that spoke just now? 刚才发言的那位先生你认识吗？ 3. The train which has just left is for Xi’an.刚开的那列火车是开往西安的。 4. He is a man whom we should learn from. 他是一个大家都应学习的人。 5. You can take anything that you like. 你可以拿任何你喜欢的东西。 【注】句1.2.3.中的关系代词who, that, which分别代表先行词girl, gentleman和train，同时引导了定语从句，在定语从句中做主语。句4.5.中关系代词whom和that分别代表先行
定语从句专项练习一．Choose the best answer. 1．All ____ should be done has been done. A. what B. which C. that D. whatever 2．I, ____ your best friend, will try my best to help you. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am 3．Leilei is the girl _____ pronunciation is the best in our class. A. whose B. who C. who’s D. that 4．Can you lend me the book ______ the other day A. you talked about it B. that you talked C. about that you talked D. you talked about 5．The two old friends talked about the persons and places _____ impressed them most. A. which B. who C. where D. that 6．These articles are written in simple language, _____ makes it easy to read. A. that B. this C. which D. it 7．My father works in the factory _____ this type of truck is made. A. in where B. in which C. from which D. of which 8．He is the man to _____ I gave the money. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 9．The very thing _____ brought about a complete change in her life was
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
非限定性定语从句是英语语法中从句的一种，是定语从句的分支之一。作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。运用非限定性定语从句，尤其要注意其语法运用及其所表示的东西。 1 who引导的非限制性定语从句 Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook. 我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。 My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. 我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。 2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。 如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist. 史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。 3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句。 whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。 如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。 The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。 4 which引导的非限制性定语从句。 关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。 ①which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。 如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit. 这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。 She is an artist，which I am not. 她是一位艺术家，而我不是。 Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。 The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。 ②which指代主句中的形容词。 如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。 She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。 ③which指代主句中的某个从句。