高中英语定语从句讲解及练习
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高中定语从句详细讲解在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词,用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that和关系副词when、where、why等。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.最后,那个小偷向警察交出他偷的所有的东西。
(引导词是关系代词that)His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whose family was poor.他父母不让他和家庭困难的人结婚。
(引导词是关系代词whose)In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在那个黑暗的街道上,没有她可以求助的人。
(引导词是关系代词whom)In 1519 another traveller who went to America from Europe discovered the tomato.1519年另一位从欧洲去美洲的旅行家发现了西红柿。
(引导词是关系代词who)I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我仍然记得第一次去北京的那一天。
(引导词是关系副词when)This is the house where we lived last year.这就是我们去年住的房子。
(引导词是关系副词where)二、关系代词和关系副词的功用能关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。
定语从句练习题附答案解析1.— At present young people prefer WeChat to keep in touch with their friends. — Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication________people like.A.that B.which C.who D.what【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意:——现在年轻人更喜欢用微信来和朋友保持联系。
——是的。
这似乎是人们喜欢的最好的通讯方式。
本题考查定语从句。
that引导定语从句,修饰事物;which引导定语从句,修饰事物;who引导定语从句,修饰人;what引导名词性从句。
此处是定语从句,先行词communication是事物,因此排除CD两项。
先行词前有形容词最高级best修饰,因此用that引导定语从句,故选A。
2.The factory we’ll visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.what C.which【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:我们下周要参观的工厂离这儿不远。
考查定语从句。
where指地点,作状语;what不可以引导定语从句;which指物,作主语或宾语。
分析句子可知,此处是定语从句,先行词是The factory指物,在其后的定语从句中作visit后的宾语。
故选C。
3.Harry potter is the best movie _________ I have ever seen.A.which B.who C.what D./【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意:《哈利波》特是我看过的最好的电影。
考查定语从句。
在定语从句中,先行词是物时关系代词用that或which,此句先行词“movie”是物,可知排除B和C;先行词“movie”被最高级修饰,可知关系代词只能用that,当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,that可省略。
定语从句练习题附答案解析1.—Have you seen the film “Aquaman(海王)” I introduced to you last weekend?—Yes, but it was a little hard for me to understand.A.what B.which C.who【答案】B【解析】【详解】——你看了我上周给你介绍的《海王》这部电影了吗?——是的,我看了,但是对于我来说有一点难理解。
考查定语从句。
空前是完整的句子结构;且根据答语Yes, but it was a little hard for me to understand.可知,it代指Aquaman(海王);问句和答句都在讲海王,故空后的句子用来修饰 Aquaman(海王),所以是定语从句,what不能引导定语从句,可排除A项;which先行词是物,who先行词是人。
本句的先行词是film,可排除C项。
故选B。
2.The factory we’ll visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.what C.which【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意:我们下周要参观的工厂离这儿不远。
考查定语从句。
where指地点,作状语;what不可以引导定语从句;which指物,作主语或宾语。
分析句子可知,此处是定语从句,先行词是The factory指物,在其后的定语从句中作visit后的宾语。
故选C。
3.The house ______ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.A.where B.which C.that D.whom【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】句意:鲁迅曾经住过的房子现在成了博物馆。
考查定语从句的关联词。
where是关系副词,先行词为表示地点的名词,在定语从句中作地点状语;which的先行词是物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;that 的先行词是人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whom的先行词是人,在定语从句中作宾语。
定语从句定语从句的构成:两个简单句:A man is sta nding there.The man is my brother.= 主从复合句:The man who is standing there is my brother.先行词:行,走路的意思。
先行词就是放在从句前面的词,但是本身为定语从句中的一部分。
所以先行词在从句中作什么成分从句中就用什么样的引导词。
关系词:代替先行词承担从句中的句子成分,放在句首引导从句,所以也叫引导词。
(1.关系代词:在从句里代替先行词充当_______________ 、_________ 、__关系词的种类::I 2.关系副词:在从句里代替先行词充当 _________________关系词的作用:①代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分② 把两个句子连起来一、关系代词:注意:⑴、当先行词在从句中作宾语的时候可以省略引导词把下列两个简单句合成一个主从复合句1. He wants to see the man. + The man is in Shanghai.① __________________________________________________________________________② __________________________________________________________________________2.1 have a sister. + She works in Hebei.① __________________________________________________________________________② __________________________________________________________________________4.Do you know the girl? + Her mother works here.① __________________________________________________________________________② __________________________________________________________________________5.1 live in a room. + Its door faces south.① __________________________________________________________________________② __________________________________________________________________________⑵先行词做宾语时who与whom的区别一般情况下不进行区分,除非是紧跟在介词之后1. This is the man. The police are looking for him.—This is the man who/whom/that ) the police are looking for.【who/whom/that 可以省略】其中介词for可以提前—This is the man for whom the police are looking.介词在引导词前面只能用whom,而且不能省略,因为介词之后只能接宾格注:that不能放在介词之后2. John is the driver. We talked about him.—Joh n is the driver _________________ we talked about.—Joh n is the driver about __________ w e talked.、关系副词:把下列两个简单句合成一个主从复合句This is the house. + I was born in the house.—对比:This is the house. The house was built 10 years ago.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 总结:____________________________________________________________________________ We will never forget the day. + We will hold the Olympic Games on the day.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 对比:I will never forget the day . I spent the day with you last year.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 总结:____________________________________________________________________________ I don' t know the reason. + He left here for the reason.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I don 't know the reason. He has told others the reason.T ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 总结:____________________________________________________________________________ 介词加which 可以等于when、where 或whyThis was a terrible war. + Many people were killed in the war.T① This was a terrible war. + Many people were killed in ___________ .-②_______________________________________________________________________________ -③_______________________________________________________________________________ It is the largest farm in my hometown. A monument stands on the farm.T① It is the largest farm in my hometow n. A monument sta nds on ______ .-②_______________________________________________________________________________ 一③______________________________________________________________________________ The police soon arrived at the sce ne现场).There was a man lying at the sce ne.T① The police soon arrived at the sce ne现场).There was a man lying at ______ .一②______________________________________________________________________________ T③ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 总结:where二介词+which,介词是由_____________________ 所决定的。
高中定语从句详细讲解及练习总结(word版可编辑修改)编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(高中定语从句详细讲解及练习总结(word版可编辑修改))的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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高中定语从句详细讲解(一)定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后.2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which,who, whom, whose,as等;关系副词有when, where, why 等。
其中,当先行词是人时,who, whom, whose, that;先行词是物时,that, which, whose关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:Harry Potter is the boy who has magic power. 该句中,who has magic p ower 是定语从句,修饰先行词the boy,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the boy,在定语从句中作主语。
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One。
正在踢足球的男孩是一班的.Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school ga te at 7 tomorrow morning。
高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题定语从句确实是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,同时作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词(一)定语从句一样由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词:when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于主句先行词之后,定语从句之首,,起着连接先行词和定语从句的作用,同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
先行词:定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
关系代词that 人/物主语宾语Which 物主语宾语Whom 人宾语Who 人主语宾语Whose 人/物定语As 人/物主语宾语先行词在定语从句中作的语法成分关系副词when 时刻名词状语Where 地点名词状语Why 缘故reason 状语关系副词when(指时刻,在定语从句中作时刻状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指缘故,在定语从句中作缘故状语)。
who, whom, whose, which, that, as的使用先行词指人,在定语从句中作主语,用who/that,同时不能省略She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
先行词指人,在定语从句中作宾语,用whom/who/that,能够省略That is the girl whom/who/that I teach. 那个确实是我教的女孩。
先行词指物,在定语从句中作主语,用which/that,同时不能省略The work that/which has just been finished is very important. 刚刚完成的那份工作专门重要。
先行词指物,在定语从句中作宾语,用which/that,能够省略This is the book which/that I want to read. 这确实是我想读的一本书。
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习(推荐完整)编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(高中英语定语从句讲解及练习(推荐完整))的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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高中英语定语从句讲解及练习(推荐完整)编辑整理:张嬗雒老师尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布到文库,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是我们任然希望高中英语定语从句讲解及练习(推荐完整)这篇文档能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时我们也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈到下面的留言区,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。
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高中英语定语从句讲解及练习定语从句是高中重点知识,也是高考常考点,大家也不容易掌握,这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容,有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
定语从句知识结构图解概念:定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句主,宾,表,定先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)(可以省略that)which且不能省略)修饰等There are many young menwho are against him.Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the librarywhich is newly open to us.①先行词是不定代词如②先行词被This is the very book that I want.She described in her compositions the people and用that④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用He built a factory which produced thingsthat had never been seen before.定Who is the person that is standing at the gate?语定语从句从★Such/so句Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.①WhenI still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.②Where① way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that / in which / 不填The way in which / that / 不填he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.比较: The way which /that/不填he told to us was quite simple.(★way在定语中作tell的宾语)③先行词reason①⒎介词+④Here is the money定注意:语定语从句10从句①当先行词是⒐定语从句的注意:Ⅰ.关系代词whose的用法。
英语定语从句练习题20篇及解析一、定语从句1.Running man is a very relaxing TV program_______is hot among the young people.A.what【答案】B【解析】【分析】B.XXX【点评】定语从句要注意先行词是人还是物,从而选出合适的关系代词.【详解】试题分析:定语从句中先行词为物,关系代词用that或which.what不引导定语从句,who/whom的先行词是人;根据 a very relaxing TV program可知,先行词是物,故选B.2.—What kind of movies do you prefer?—I prefer the movies _________me something to think about.A.which give【答案】A【剖析】句意:——你喜欢什么类型的电影?——我更喜欢那些让我思考的电影。
此句的先行词是movies,引导定语从句的关联词用that或which,排除C,D;定语从句的主语that或which指代movies,动词不能用三单形式,故答案为A。
B.that XXX gives3.The We Chat is an invention can help people talk to friends, share photos, XXX.A.which【答案】A【剖析】试题分析:句意:微信是可以帮助人们和朋友自由地聊天,分享照片,想法和感觉。
这是一个定语从句,先行词是物invention,关系词可以用which或者that,但是先行词在从句做主语,that不可以省略。
故选A。
考点:考查定语从句的用法。
B.XXX4.This is the dictionary ________ XXX.A.which【答案】A【解析】【详解】B.XXX句意:这是那本母亲给我作为华诞礼品的字典。
高中英语语法讲解——定语从句(名师精讲必考语法知识点+实战训练,建议下载练习)一、先行词、关系代词和关系副词1.先行词(antecedent)就是被定语从句所修饰的名词。
在英语中,定语从句跟在被修饰词之后,所以被修饰词就是“先行”的词。
eg. The lovely girl often helps the old lady.She lives next door to our school.→The lovely girl who lives next door to our school often helps the old lady.→The lovely girl often helps the old lady who lives next door to our school.The lovely girl often helps the old lady.You met her at school yesterday.→The lovely girl (whom)you met at school yesterday often helps the old lady.→The lovely girl often helps the old lady (whom) you met at school yesterday.2.连接定语从句,要用关系代词(relative pronoun)和关系副词(relative adverb)。
关系代词和关系副词与连接词不完全相同,因为它们除了连接主句和定语从句,还在定语从句中代替一定的成分。
eg. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.← The book is very interesting. I bought the book yesterday.I have visited the house where Andersen wrote The Emperor’s New Clothes.←I have visited the house. Andersen wrote The Emperor’s New C lothes in the house.二、关系代词1.who的先行词是“人”,在从句中代替主语。
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习
内部编号:(YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128) 高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识,也是高考常考点,大家也不容易掌握,这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句 判断关系代词与关系副词 限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容,有例题讲解 定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有:when, where, why等。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如: Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2)whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构,因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错: (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)。 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如: This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性) 2)当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如: Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理.史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。 3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如:He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。 Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。 说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 介词+关系词 1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2)that前不能有介词。 3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的\"介词+关系词\"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗 Do you remember the day when you joined our club as, which 非限定性定语从句