初中语法句子种类讲解 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】
句子的种类
英语句子按照使用目的和交际功能，可分为四大类陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
一．陈述句
1、陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。
2.掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。
. We live in Tianjin. （肯定句）我们住在天津。
We don't live in Shanghai. （否定句）我们不住在上海。
注意：（1）在一般现在时的肯定式中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要改成第三人称单数形式。. John studies Chinese very well.
（2）若句中有be动词、情态动词或助动词，则分别在他们的后面加not.
Sometimes you’re supposed to come early. (变为否定句)
（3）若句中有be动词、情态动词或助动词，要在行为动词（实义动词）前面加助动词do/does, did等与not的缩写形式，并注意这使得行为动词要用原型。另外，还需将原句中some变成any, too改为either， already改为yet.
. I don't like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。
He doesn't have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午饭。
They didn't play football yesterday. 他们昨天没有踢足球。
He did some work this morning.(改为否定句) He didn’t do any work this morning.
二．疑问句
疑问句用来提出问题，句末用问号“”。常见的疑问句有：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
（一）一般疑问句：
1.用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，注意语序。
. Do you often speak English at school 在学校你常讲吗？ Yes, I do. /No, I don’t.
Does she have a brother = Has she got a brother 她有兄弟吗 Yes, she does. /No, she doesn’t.
Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night Yes, it did. /No, it didn’t.
2.否定式的一般疑问句。此类一般疑问句表示反问或惊讶，通常用be动词、情态动词或助动词后加not的缩写形式构成，放在句首。
3.用yes,no 之外的词回答的一般疑问句。
一般疑问句也可用其他表示肯定或否定的词回答，如：certainly, sure, of course, I think so, all right, with pleasure, perhaps 等代替yes, certainly not, not at all, never, I’m sorry, not yet, I’m afraid not等代替no. 如：
Would you mind my joining your talk/discussion Of course not.
（二）特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句的定义: 以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有： what who whom whose which, when where how why how many\much 等.
（1）对主语提问
如果主语是人用who提问，物用what或者which提问。
Miss Wang teaches us English. (对划线部分提问)
（2）对谓语部分提问用what，且以do的适当形式替代谓语动词。
He bought a dictionary yesterday?
(3)对表语提问，要根据表语所表示的不同意思，选择不同的疑问代词代替表语部分。如：
He is my classmate. Who is he?
(4)对宾语部分提问，若指人用whom/who,若指物用what或which，若是介词的宾语（who除外），可和介词一起提到句首。
如：He is looking for the little boy. Who is she looking for?
(5)对定语提问，提问部分是修饰主语的定语，句子的语序不变，提问部分修饰宾语或表语的定语时，必须把替代提问部分的疑问词和它所修饰的词放在句首。
The man in blue is my uncle.
(6)对状语部分进行提问。若对状语部分提问，时间when，（几点几分用what time）,地点where，原因why, how。
(7)固定句型地特殊疑问句
It’s windy today.
It’s Monday today.
He is outgoing.
（三）选择疑问句
选择疑问句是说话者对问题提出两个或两个以上的答案，供对方选择其一。这种疑问句有两种形式：一种以一般疑问句为基础，另一种以特殊疑问句为基础。Or连接的两个并列成分可以是状语、宾语、表语、谓语或是两个句子等。
（1）一般选择疑问句（以一般疑问句为基础）
. Is her brother an artist or a doctor
她的兄弟是一个艺术家还是个医生？
Would you like tea or coffee
你愿意喝茶还是喝咖啡？
Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday
我们是周六还是周日去电影院？
（2）特殊选择疑问句（以特殊疑问句为基础）
Who is taller, Mike or Jimmy?
Which would you like, cola or tea?
（四）反意疑问句
反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见，但没把握，希望对方来证实。注意反意疑问句的结构是：肯定的陈述句＋否定的疑问句（缩略形式）或：否定的陈述句＋肯定的疑问句（缩略形式），必须遵循的原则是“三同一反”：两部分的人称、时态、动词相同，前肯后否，前否后肯。
注意:否定的疑问句中的助动词必须缩写，主语（最后一个词）必须是代词而不能是名词。
1.结构一：前肯，+ 后否
eg. He is clever, isn’t he?
结构二：前否，+ 后肯
eg. He isn’t clever, is he?
. Your sister has ever been to Shanghai , hasn't she
你姐姐曾经去过上海是吗？
The boys didn't find anything , did they
男孩子们什么也没找到/发现，是不是？
2. 在回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实而定，事实是肯定的要回答Yes , …，事实是否定的要回答No, ….
注意在前肯后否的反意疑问句中，yes“不”，No “是”
. He isn't going to the meeting , is he
他不去参加会，是吗？
Yes , he is . 不，他要去。
No , he isn't. 是的/对，他不去。
It didn't snow last week , did it
上周没有下雪，对吗？
Yes , it did. / No , it didn't. 不，下雪了。是的，没下雪。
3.no/not之外的否定意义的反意疑问句。若陈述句中含有表否定意义的词，如never,hardly, few, little, seldom 等，在构成反意疑问句时，附加疑问部分仍用肯定式。
Maria has few friends,
4.句中含否定前缀的反意疑问句。若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，如dislike, unhappy, untrue, impossible, disagree 等，依然要把陈述句看做肯定句，反意疑问部分用否定式。
He dislikes volleyball,
5.主语为不定代词的反意疑问句。若陈述句主语是表物的everything, something, anything, nothing，疑问部分的主语用it.
Nothing has been considered about this meeting, hasn’t it?
三．祈使句
1.表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。
. Go back to your seat , please. 请回到你的座位上去。
Don't make so much noise. 不要吵吵闹闹。
's go to school together ! 咱们一起上学去吧！
Let him help the child. 让他帮助那个孩子。
注意：否定形式是Let's （us , me）+not +动词原形
. Let's not say anything about it.
对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说了。
3.有时为了委婉，可在句首或句尾加上please，若加在末尾，前面要用逗号隔开。
Please sit down.
Stand up, please.
4.某些名词、形容词或副词等后面加感叹号，也可作为祈使句使用。
Hands up. Hands down.
四.感叹句
表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句，理解由What和How引导的感叹句的语序和感叹句的使用方法。How和What与所修饰的词放在句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。在口语中谓语常省略。（1）how作状语，修饰形容词，副词或动词
结构：How+形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语
How+主语＋谓语
How + 形容词 + a(an) + 单数可数名词 + （主语 + 谓语）
How nice the flowers are ! 花多漂亮啊！
How hard he works ! 他工作的多努力啊！
How time flies!时间过得真快啊！
How good an example he set ! 他树立了一个多好的榜样啊！
（2）what作宾语，修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语），单词可数名词前要加不定冠词a（an）. 结构：What a （an）+形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语
What +形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语
What +形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语
. What a clever girl （she is ）! 她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！
What delicious food ! 多么好吃的食物啊！
What important jobs they have done. 他们做了多么重要的工作啊！
What fresh milk (it is)!
What fun!
反意疑问句练习
mom bought me a medium coke,______ went to your grandma's home,________ will go home,________ doesn't like to eat apples,_______
room looks so big,_______ won't sleep early,_________
are never late for school,_______ watched the football match last week,______ mother is cooking,__________ father plays the computer very well,__________
were moved by your students,________ makes us healthy,______________
sewing machine can make the clothes,_____ mother doesn't enjoy smoking,_____ don't want to bo a teacher in the future,________ look so happy today,________ 三、把下列的句子改为感叹句。（答案不唯一）
1．A: Jill is drawing a beautiful picture. B: ___________________________ 2．A: Mr Wang is a busy man. B: ___________________________
3．A: The cat is very happy. B: ___________________________
4．A: The tractor is going very slowly. B: ___________________________ 5．A: He is very lucky . B: ___________________________
6．A: It is a wet day today. B: ___________________________
7．A: They started early. B: ___________________________
8．A: They waited a long time B: ___________________________
9．A: He is wearing a large shirt. B: ___________________________
10．A: The dolphin is playing happily. B: ___________________________
句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。 1）主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，通常用名词、代词、数词，不定式，动名词或从句担任。主语要放在句首，还可用“It”作形式主语（如主语从句） 2）谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面要一致，通常在主语之后。 谓语可分为两大类：简单谓语和复合谓语。凡是由一个动词或短语动词构成的谓语，不管什么时态，语态，语气，都是简单谓语。复合谓语一般由两部分构成：一是带不定式的复合结构；一是带表语的复合结构。 3）表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态，可以由名词、代词，数词，形容词、副词、介词，介词短语，不定式，动词的—ed形式或动词的—ing形式或从句来担任，表语要放在连系动词之后。4）宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象，由名词、代词、数词，名词化的形容词，名词化的分词，不定式，动名词，从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ①某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。这一类动词有：bring, give, pass,tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay 等。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。 ②在需要的情况下，间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后，但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词“ to”或“for”。 ③有些及物动词的后面，其宾语还需要有一个补足语，才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。 5）状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式，形容词短语。名词短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 6）定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名词所有格、副词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词和代词的地方都可以有定语。 7）同位语是对句子的某一成分作进一步解释，说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位。同位语常常置于被说明的词的后面。可以作同位语的有名词，代词，数词和从句等。 8）句子成分巧划分：主在前，谓在中，宾状后面冲。短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连，宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。 第一讲主语 【语法讲解】 主语的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。它是句子所要说明的人或事物，是谓语动词所表示动作的发出者。例如： 1) The question is difficult. 2) She is difficult to understand. 3) is difficult to remember. 4) To understand his words is difficult. 5) Thinking in such a noise is difficult. 6) That they will leave ahead of time is difficult. 上述的六个例句分别说明了主语的位置、特点及能够担当主语的成分。可以担当主语的有名词（例如1）、代词（例如2）、数词（例如3）、动词不定式（例如4）、动名词（例如5）和主语从句（例如6）。 注：当动词不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语动词的后面，而用it做形式主语放在谓语动词的前面。例如上述例句4还可以改写为：It is difficult to understand his words.其中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to understand his words.
一．感受中考： 1. ________ nice weather it is! Let’s play football. A. What B. How C. What a 2. ---________the little girl looks！----That’s true. She can’t find her Teddy Bear. A. How sad B. What sad C. What sadly D. How sadly 3. —Excuse me. Is there a bank near here? — No, _______. But you can find one in Zhongshan Road A. There isn't B It isn't C. they aren't 4. ________ buy your ticket from a ticket machine. There are lots of people there. A. Not B. not too C. Don’t D. Don’t to 5. — There is something wrong with your hike, _______? — Yes. I'll have it ________ tomorrow. A. isn’t it; mend B. isn’t there: mended C. isn't it; mended D. isn't there; mend 6. — _______ good time we had at the party last night! — Yes. It was _____ exciting party that I would never forget it. A. What; so B. How; such C. What a; such an D. How a; so an 7. They hardly watch TV on school nights, _____? A. will they B. aren’t they C. do they D. didn't they 8. — I often chat with my friends on the Internet. — You are so smart! Will you please tell me____? A. how to do B. how to do it C. how to use D. when can I use it 9. ________ is dangerous for us to swim in the river alone. A. It B. That C. This 10. The drink is _________ delicious ________ everyone in the room enjoys it. A. such...that B. too...to C. so...that 二．句子种类考点小结： (一) 按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences)：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。(说明事实) The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法) 2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)：提出问题。有以下四种： a. 一般疑问句(General Questions)：Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完成工作吗？ b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions)：Where do you live?你住那儿？ c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)：Do you want tea or coffee?你是要茶还是要咖啡？ d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)：He doesn't know her, does he?他不认识她，对不对？
初中英语分类练习 ——句子种类与简单句的基本句型 一、句子种类： Ⅰ. 句型转换(按要求完成句子) 1. Those children are students.(否定句, 一般疑问句) 2. We can see a lot of girls in the picture. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 3. They will go to England for a visit. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 4. The young men aren’t having a party. (肯定句, 一般疑问句) 5. She has been to Shanghai already. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 6. Don’t be noisy, please. (用quiet改为肯定句,) 7. Stand in front of the class. (否定句, 反意疑问句) 8. Both Mary and Tony are good students. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 9. All the students in our class are going to visit the Science Museum. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 10. There is an English test on Friday. (反意疑问句) 11. There will be a report on Chinese history tomorrow. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 12. Tom has his lunch in the school. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句) 13. John does his homework at home. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句) 14. He saw the TV news yesterday evening. (否定句, 一般疑问句, 反意疑问句) 15. I think you are right. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 16. This kind of car is made in Japan. (否定句, 一般疑问句) 17. Arthur runs fastest in his class.(就划线部分提问) ________ runs fastest in his class? 18. Bob”s painting was put up on the wall of our school.(同上) ________ painting was put up on the wall of our school? 19. Chapter One is very difficult to learn. (同上) ________ chapter is very difficult to learn? 20. Mary does her homework after supper in the evening. (同上) ________ ______ Mary ______ after supper in the evening? 21. He has borrowed four books from the school library. (同上) _______ _______ he borrowed from the school library? 22. It took him 30 minutes to get there. (同上) ______ ______ ______ it take him to get there? 23. My father is a teacher in the school. (同上) _______ ________ your father ______ in the school? 24. It will be Wednesday the day after tomorrow. (同上) ________ ______ will it be the day after tomorrow? 25. There are Three thousand people in the factory. (同上) _______ _______ people _______ _______ in the factory? 26. Linda’s mother works in a big hotel. (同上) _______ _______ Linda’s mother work? 27. They usually go to school by bus. (同上) _______ _______ they usually go to school?
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即 状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以 下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属 于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外， 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先 行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语 里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first
英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构(即句子的形式)两种标准分类。下面是具体的分类依据和结果。 (1)按其作用或使用目的，句子可分为： 陈述句：This is a truck. 这是一辆卡车。 疑问句：Is this a truck? 这是卡车吗? 祈使句：Drive the truck away. 把卡车开走。 感叹句：What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡车! 按语法结构，句子可分为：(2)简单句：I am busy. 我很忙。 并列句：I am busy washing, but he is playing Majiang with them. 我在忙着洗衣服，但他却在跟他们打麻将牌。 复合句：Although I am busy washing, he is playing Majiang with them. 尽管我在忙着洗衣服，他却在与他们一块打麻将牌。 一、陈述句:用于说明一件事，表示一种看法或表达某种心情的句子，都是陈述句。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 1肯定句 He is a middle school teacher. 他是一位中学老师。(一般现在时) She is cleaning the room. 她正在收拾屋子。(现在进行时) They have visited the museum. 他们已经参观过这所博物馆了。(现在完成时) He did a lot of washing yesterday. 他昨天洗了好多衣服。(一般过去时) They had already finished quarrelling when I came. 我来时他们已经争吵完了。(过去完成时) The meeting will begin at once. 会议马上就要开始了。(一般将来时) 2否定句 (1)使用not否定： He isn't a worker. 他不是个工人。(一般现在时) She doesn't do the cleaning every day. 她不是每天都做卫生。(一般现在时) I haven't had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早点。(现在完成时) You didn't do your homework seriously. 你没有认真地做你的作业。(一般过去时) You mustn't take her to your parents. 你千万不要把她带到你的父母那里去。(情态动词) She needn't quarrel with him. 她没必要跟他吵。(情态动词) The house won't be painted. 这所房子将不粉刷了。(被动语态将来时) She might not notice you.
初中英语语法大全 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词 动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面名词或代词与其他句子成分关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主、谓、宾、定、状、表、宾补。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你
句子的种类 英语句子按照使用目的和交际功能，可分为四大类陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 一．陈述句 1、陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。 2.掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。 e.g. We live in Tianjin. （肯定句）我们住在天津。 We don't live in Shanghai. （否定句）我们不住在上海。 注意：（1）在一般现在时的肯定式中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要改成第三人称单数形式。 e.g. John studies Chinese very well. （2）若句中有be动词、情态动词或助动词，则分别在他们的后面加not. Sometimes you’re supposed to come early. (变为否定句) （3）若句中有be动词、情态动词或助动词，要在行为动词（实义动词）前面加助动词do/does, did等与not的缩写形式，并注意这使得行为动词要用原型。另外，还需将原句中some变成any, too改为either，already改为yet. e.g. I don't like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。 He doesn't have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午饭。 They didn't play football yesterday. 他们昨天没有踢足球。 He did some work this morning.(改为否定句) He didn’t do any work this morning. 二．疑问句 疑问句用来提出问题，句末用问号“？”。常见的疑问句有：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 （一）一般疑问句： 1.用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或no，注意语序。 e.g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在学校你常讲英语吗？Yes, I do. /No, I don’t. Does she have a brother ? = Has she got a brother ? 她有兄弟吗？Yes, she does. /No, she doesn’t. Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night ? Yes, it did. /No, it didn’t.
初中英语句子成分讲解 一概述：句子成分 概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 主语：表示句子所说的是什么人或神秘物，一般由名词、代词或不定式，V-ing和从句充当。谓语：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。 表语：说明主语是说明或怎么样，由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。 宾语:表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。 定语：用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。 状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。（若在同一句子中出现多个不同状语，常见的4个的顺序为：方式状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。） Eg.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday 二详解 1.主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物。 1).名词 例如：A moon cake is a delicious, round cake. The first truck is carrying a few baskets. The temperature will stay above zero. The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. China does not want to copy the USA’s example. 2).代词 例如：It’s a young forest. I don’t know if it will grow. That’s a bit expensive. You’d better buy a new pair. I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes. 3).数词 例如：One and two is three. One is not enough for me. I want one more. One of them is English. Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck. Two will be enough. 4).不定式（常以It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现） 例如：To give is better than to receive =Its better to give. I found it difficult to get to sleep.
初中英语语法过关一一句子类型：复合句专项练习精选50题(宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句) ()1.— Do you know if our team the match tonight? ——It is hard to say.I will tell you the result if our team. A. wins;wins B.will win;will win C.wins;will win D.will win;wins ()2.— I believe Chinese astronauts will be able to land on the moon one day. —I agree with you.But I ' m not sure we can live on it. A.that;if B.that;that C.if;that D.if;if ()3.— Are you sure Li Ming has flown to London? —Yes.I saw him off at the airport just now. A.that B.if C.whether D.when ()4.— I ' m worried about I can pass the English exam. —Don' t worry.I ' m sure you will pass it. A.if; that B.whether; that C.that; if D.that; whether ()5.— Doctor,could you tell me? —Oh,nothing serious. He just has a cold. He will be fine soon. A. that there was anything wrong with my son B. if there was anything wrong with my son C. that there is anything with my son D. if there is anything wrong with my son
初中英语语法--句子的种类(学生版)
初中英语语法--句子的种类 英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构(即句子的形式)两种标准分类。下面是具体的分类依据和结果。 1）按其作用或使用目的，句子可分为： 陈述句：This is a truck. 这是一辆卡车。 疑问句：Is this a truck? 这是卡车吗? 祈使句：Drive the truck away. 把卡车开走。感叹句：What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡车! 2）按语法结构，句子可分为： 简单句：I am busy. 我很忙。 并列句：I am busy washing, but he is playing Majiang with them. 我在忙着洗衣服，但他却在跟他们打麻将牌。 复合句：Although I am busy washing, he is playing Majiang with them. 尽管我在忙着洗衣服，他却在与他们一块打麻将牌。 一、陈述句: 用于说明一件事，表示一种看法或表达某种心情
You didn't do your homework seriously. 你没有认真地做你的作业。(一般过去时) You mustn't take her to your parents. 你千万不要把她带到你的父母那里去。(情态动词) She needn't quarrel with him. 她没必要跟他吵。(情态动词) The house won't be painted. 这所房子将不粉刷了。(被动语态将来时) She might not notice you.她可能没有注意到你。(情态动词) 各种时态肯定句变否定句： 变成否定句有规则，“是”，“有”“将”后加not,假如没有“是”，“有”，“将”，动词前面加don't(does't/didn't)。 (2)使用not以外的否定词表示否定： ①用no否定：no+名词=not any，表示“一点也不”。 I have no money.(=I have not any money.) 我一点儿钱都没有。 We have no time to do it.(=We haven't any time to do it.) 我们没有时间做这件事情了。 ②用never表示否定，语气比not要强烈。
句子成分精讲 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot.
初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途，句子可分为四类： 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法，陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示：
肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时，如句中有already，some，something，somebody等词，须分别改成yet，any，anything，anybody 等。 另外，也要注意，too改成either，both改成neither，all改成none等。 2. 疑问句
3. 常用的特殊疑问句
4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时，“will you?”意为“请求”，“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句： Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问，用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句： What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时，用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句： I'm working now, aren’t I?
初中英语语法------句子的种类A英语中的句子按其使用目的，句子可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。 Eg: 陈述句：This is a dog. 疑问句：Is this a dog? 祈使句：Open your eyes! 感叹句：What a beautiful building it is! 简单句：I am studying. 并列句：I was born in a small village and I lived there for nearly ten years. 复合句：As soon as I get there, I'll call you. 1 陈述句凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。 Eg：We live in Beijing. We don't live in Beijing. (1) be 动词、一般动词（实义动词）、情态动词的否定句 I am not a student. I don't know him. He can't speak English.
be 动词的否定句句型：主语+ be动词+ not + … I wasn't good at English. They weren't at home yesterday. He isn't my cousin. 进行时和被动语态都有be 动词，它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。 Eg：They aren't cleaning the room. The child was not looked after by anybody. 将来时（will，shall）、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词否定句型。 They will not be sent to the front. They will be not sent to the front.× 情态动词的否定句 句型：主语+情态动词+ not + 动词原形 Eg：I can't do it myself. You mustn't take the books out. You must not go there alone. 一般动词的否定句． 句型：主语+ do/does/did + not + 动词原形 Eg: They didn't live in Shanghai. He doesn't do his homework every day.
初中英语句子成分 一.句子的成分：句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分，即：主语、谓语、表语、 宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）、补足语、定语、状语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 句子的成分 次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 (一)主语：主语是一个句子的主要成分，也是句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意：在there be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓 例如：Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语，真正的主语是不 定式) （二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下： 1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如： I like apples. ( 动词) He practices running every morning. （动词短语） 2.复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成； 例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
一、选择题 1．Wang Lin a watch. A．doesn’t has B．doesn’t have C．don’t have D．don’t has 2．Li Ming ______ volleyball. He only watch it on TV. A．plays B．doesn’t play C．watches D．doesn’t watch 3．--- Mum, there's no milk in the fridge. 一Oh; but there ____________ two bottles of apple juice in it. A．are B．isn't C．aren't D．is 4．My father ________ free today. He can’t play with me. A．has B．is C．doesn’t have D．isn’t 5．Tigers eat fruits and the camel eat meat . A．don’t ; doesn’t B．doesn’t ; don’t C．don’t ; don’t D．doesn’t ; doesn’t 6．I’m if there are UFOs.（飞碟） A．sure not B．not sure C．not be sure D．sure that 7．I __________ news. They are boring. A．can’t stand B．like C．love D．don’t mind 8．—Don’t forget _____________ the letter on your way home. —OK, I _____________. A．to send; will B．sending; will C．to send; won’t D．sending; won’t 9．---Excuse me! You can’t smoke here. Look at the sign. It says “NO SMOKING”. ---Sorry， I _______ it. A．won’t see B．am going to see C．didn’t see D．don’t see 10．Susan and her classmates__________ to the mountain last week. A．don’t go B．didn’t go C．isn’t going D．aren’t going 11．—What’s this?—______ A．This’s a cat. B．This is a cat. C．Its a cat. D．It’s a cat. 12．He can’t get into the room. He _______ a key(钥匙). A．hasn’t got B．doesn't C．isn’t D．aren’t 13．His grandfather _______ radio. A．isn’t like B．doesn’t likes C．doesn’t like D．don’t like 14．Which of the following sentences is correct? A．He came in and sat down. B．We all like