第一讲名词和冠词
名词
一、根据句意及中文提示完成句子。
1．Don't touch these __knives__ (刀)！They may hurt you.
2．Our teachers often give us some __advice/suggestions__(建议) on how to face the difficulties.
3．Our teacher has lots of __experience__ (经验) in teaching.So he often makes his class active.
4．The two desks are __Tony's__and__Mike's__ (托尼和迈克的)．
5．I paid 20 yuan for the __four__bottles__of__milk__ (四瓶牛奶) this morning.
6．Please find out some __differences__ (不同) between the two pictures.
7．How many __tomatoes__ (西红柿) are there in the fridge?
8．For your __safety__ (安全)，smoking is not allowed during the whole flight.
9．Have you ever heard of the saying “__Silence__ (沉默) is gold”？
10．She practices the __pronunciation__ (发音) of English words every day to improve her spoken English.
11．It's said that the terrible weather in this __season__ (季节) causes the ship accident.
12．Please accept our best __wishes__ (祝愿) for your exams.
13．In order to protect the environment，lots of__factories__ (工厂) have been moved away from the people's living areas in the city.
14．Many__villagers__ (村民) never leave their hometown.
15．In famous competitions, winners__ (获胜者) always get very good prizes.
16．Linda's __health__ (健康) has improved greatly since she started on this new diet.
17．Yao Ming's height give him a big __advantage__ (优势) over other players.
18．He has a special __ability__ (能力) to write with two hands at the same time.
19．To his __surprise__(惊讶)，his father agreed with him to watch the football match together.
20．Realizing the Chinese Dream will bring __peace__ (和平) to the world.
二、用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次。
today，leaf，w oman，potato，communicate
21．The ground is covered with yellow __leaves__ .
22．Danny，which do you prefer，carrots or __potatoes__ ?
23．Please pass me __today's__ newspaper on the table.
24．Sometimes I feel nervous when I make __communication__ with strangers.
25．There are 30 __women__ teachers in our school.
w eek，w rite，father，discuss，w olf
26．Lao She was a great __writer__ and he's especially famous for his play Teahouse.
27．There used to be many __wolves__，but only a few of them remain today.
28．My __father's__ boss is very generous.
29．They have just had a __discussion__ about where to spend their holidays.
30．We need two __weeks'__ time to finish the work.
mouse，act，report，true，de v elop
31．Don't look at me like that！I'm telling you the __truth__ .
32．The cat is running after two __mice__ at the moment.
33．Many foreigners are surprised at the rapid __development__ of the country.
34．John wants to be a __reporter__，so he often writes stories.
35．I think Fan Bingbing is one of the best __actresses__ .
三、根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。
A
Summer Schools
Summer vacation means long days，sleeping in or enjoying the summer sun.It is quite true for students to enjoy a rest after a long and difficult year.But more and more parents fear their kids forgetting a lot of 36.__knowledge__(知识)，so they send their children to summer schools.Because summer schools can help children go over the knowledge that they have learnt during the school year.
In summer schools，students probably study in more relaxing 37.__situation__ (情况) and come up with interesting topics for 38.__discussion__(讨论) with their https://www.doczj.com/doc/8216696019.html,ually，the 39.__number__(数量) of students attending summer schools is smaller，so this gives them a good 40.__chance__(机会) to connect with other students and teachers better.If a student has failed a course，summer schools may help him or her.Moreover，they are building their creativity and imagination as well as learning social 41.__skills__ (技能)．
On the other hand，summer schools bring children problems at the same time.It takes children the whole summer vacation to learn without playing.That is too long.As a 42.__result__ (结果)，it may make them less interested in school during the coming year.
For many students，taking summer classes can be a tiring 43.__experience__(经验)．Teachers teach the subjects too quickly，which only harms the whole 44.__education__(教育) of subjects.So many students have to take classes that they don't like.
A summer school can be a good chance for students who need it，but it can be difficult for students who need a 45.__rest__ (休息)．So you can decide whether a summer school is suitable for your children.
B
On March 15，2016，AlphaGo beat Lee Sedol again.The game was the final one of the five －game 46.__challenge__(挑战) matches that was held in South Korea.And，with that victory，AlphaGo defeated Lee in the match with the 47.__score__ (比分) 4—1.
The match was called a historic 48.__event__ (事件) by Go fans around the world.Tens of millions of 49.__people__(人) followed the match live on the Internet.Demis Hassabis，one founder of the programme，called the match“one of the most incredible contests ever”．Before the match，some experts said that a computer programme would need at least ten more years of 50.__development__(发展) to beat Go masters like Lee.They didn't expect the day to arrive so quickly.
The game of Go started in China 51.__thousands__(千) of years ago.It is a very difficult game and is said to be the only game that truly balances the left and right 52.__side__(边) of the brain.As a result，developing a Go－playing programme was thought to be very
challenging.AlphaGo's 53.__success__(成功)，without doubt，is meaningful.It marks the first time a computer programme has beaten a top Go 54.__player__ (选手)．
Hassabis told reporters after the match that the 55.__technology__(技术) behind AlphaGo would one day be used to solve all sorts of problems，from health care to science.But he added that his team would spend “weeks or months” going over the results of the match before making their next moves.
冠词
一、根据句意提示，用a，an，the或/填空。
1．I have__an__ uncle.He works at __a__ university.
2.__The__ rich are not always happy，I think.
3．It's really __a__ hard job for me to finish it in a week.
4．Tang Yan likes to play __/__ football in his free time.
5．Today is __/__ Sunday.It's __the__ first day of __a__ week.
6．We're going there by __/__ plane instead of on __a__ train.
7．I was lucky because it was __the__ third time that I had visited China.
8．Zhang Min likes __/__ English but her brother likes__the__ French language.
9．—Ned is __an__ American boy，right?
—Yes.He is from __the__ United States.
10．—Do you know __the__ book The Little Prince?
—Sure！It's quite __an__ interesting book.
二、用合适的冠词补全短文。
Hangzhou has been named one of 11.__the__must－see cities in 2016 by 12.__an__ American travel guide book.
Do you know why 13.__the__guide book chose Hangzhou？One reason is Hangzhou's beautiful scenery.Hangzhou，best known for the West Lake，is famous for its calm，peaceful and relaxing environment.Circling around 14.__the__ lake，you may feel something is changing inside you.Your shoulders drop.Your mood becomes better.
Another reason is that Hangzhou is rising as 15.__an__ interesting city.In 2013，Liam Bates，
16.__the__world traveller who grew up in 17.__the__ UK and Switzerland，was named winner of 18.__the__ campaign“Modern－day Marco Polo”．His job was to tell 19.__the__world everything about Hangzhou.Then，people all over 20.__the__ world can have 21.__a__deeper sense of this nice city.
All in all，Hangzhou not only has wonderful views but also 22.__a__ rich culture，which is worth exploring.
考点一：名词和名词辨析 1. While she was in Paris, she developed a __________ for fine art. A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit 2.As the world’s population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern. 3. A.worth B.supply C.package D. list 4.With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _______ for the better. 5. A.share B.chance C. turn D. lead 6.Poetry written from the _________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging. 7. A.perspective B.priority C.participation D. privilege 8.Carbon dioxide, which makes a __________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer. 9. A.difference https://www.doczj.com/doc/8216696019.html,parison C.connection D. barrier 10.Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _______ . 11. A.curiosity B.satisfaction C. envy D. patience 12.The accident caused some ________ to my car, but it’s nothing serious. 13. A.harm B.injury C. ruin D. damage 14.Your __________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflection on how you learn. 15. A.operation B.growth C. performance D. character 16.My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 17. A.expression B.attention C.satisfaction D. impression 18.You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________ . 19. A.purpose B.reference C.progress D. memory 20.It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ____ . 21. A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow 22.You are working too hard. You’d better keep a _________ between work and relaxation. 23. A.promise B.lead C.balance D.diary 24.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _________ . 25. A. consequence B.independence https://www.doczj.com/doc/8216696019.html,petence D. intelligence 26.Anyway, I can’t cheat him---it’s against all my ________ . 27. A. emotions B.principles C.regulations D. opinions 28.There’s a _______ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. 29. A.tradition B.balance C.concern D. relationship 30.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _________ . 31. A.hearing B. strength C.recognition D. measure 32.This restaurant has become popular for its wide _______ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. 33. A. division B.area C.range D. circle
英语名词和冠词的用法 英语名词和冠词的用法 一、名词Noun (一)名词的分类 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns)，专有名词是某个(些)人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如:book，sadness等。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词(Countable Nouns)，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示: (二)名词——名词的复数规则变化 (三)名词——名词复数的不规则变化 1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 2)单复同形如:deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese 3)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle 4)以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如: a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses (四)名词——定语名词的复数
名词与冠词 1.__________ feeds on wild fruit. A.T he monkey B. Monkeys C. Monkey D. The monkey’s 2.___________ was invented by Graim Bell, which has brought a lot of changes to people’s lives ever since. A.Telephone B. Telephones C. The telephone D. The telephones 3.No one knows how large ______ universe is, but _____ man has never given up the attempt to explore new stars and find new planets. A.the; x B. x; the C. x; x D the; a 4.He used to go without _________ breakfast, but this morning he felt quite hungry and had _______ big breakfast. A.the; x B. a; the C the; x D x; x 5, A grand parade was held in Beijing to celebrate ________ National Day. We _______ Chinese were really take pride in our great motherland. A.our; the B. x; the C. the; x D. x; x 6 Paper is widely used in our daily life now. It has taken _________ place of _________ plastics, which costs money and also causes white pollution. A.x; x B. the; the C. a; a D. the; x 7. ___________ Changjiang River is among _______ longest rivers in the world. A. The; the B. x; the C. the; x D. x; x 8. _____________ Mount Chomolungma, which many mountain climbers want to conquer, is one of the leading peaks of ______________ Himalayas. A. The; the B. x; the C. x; x D. The; x 9. _____________ Chinese people have been masters of their own country ever since __________ People’s Republic of China was founded. A. x; x B. x; the C. The; x D. The; the 10. Beijing, ___________ capital of China, is not only a modern international city but also ___________ place of historical interest with many palaces and temples. A. x; a B. the; a C. the; the D. the; x 答案： ACACD DABDB
英语语法——名词与冠词 来源：普特英语 名词 一.定义 什么是名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词，叫做名词。如： baby 婴儿time 时间 pencil 铅笔socialism 社会主义 air 空气Shanghai 上海 二.名词的种类 英语名词可分为两大类： 1.普通名词(common noun)普通名词是某一类人、某一类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如： soldier 士兵water 水 pupil 学生health 健康 machine 机器pleasure 快乐
2.专有名词(proper noun)专有名词是个别的人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称。其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。如： Lei Feng 雷锋Karl Marx 卡尔?马克思 London 伦敦China 中国 The Communist Party of China中国共产党 The Great Hall of the People人民大会堂 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部 1.1普通名词的种类 普通名词可进一步分为： 1)类名词(class noun)类名词表示人或事物属于某一类。如： tractor 拖拉机panda 熊猫 factory 工厂teacher 教员 2)集体名词(collective noun)集体名词是一些人或物的总称。如： class 阶级，班herd 兽群 crowd 人群army 军队
3)物质名词(material noun)物质名词表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的实物。如： steel 钢gram 粮食 fire 火cotton 棉花 4)抽象名词(abstract noun)抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。如： happiness 幸福life 生活 work 工作whiteness 白色 三.名词的数 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)。可数名词有单、复数之分，不可数名词一般不分单数和复数。类名词和集体名词一般是可数的；抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数的。有少数名词既可用作不可数名词，又可用作可数名词，但意义有所不同。如： 用作不可数名词用作可数名词 glass 玻璃玻璃杯 paper 纸报纸，文件
名词与冠词练习题答案 1.答案：A本题考查冠词。句意：人们在很小的时候就形成了对某种特定的学习方式的偏爱，并且这些偏爱会影响学习。a preference for对……的某种偏爱；at an early age在很小的时候，均为固定搭配，所以正确答案为A。 2答案：D本题考查冠词。句意：这对父母听到儿子需要做膝盖手术的消息很震惊。由语境可知，第一空特指“儿子膝盖要做手术的消息”，news前要加定冠词the；第二空operation作“手术”讲时为可数名词，此处是指“某一个手术”，前要加不定冠词an，故D项正确。 3答案：C句意为：丹·布朗，《达·芬奇密码》的作者，是一位非常著名的美国作家。根据语境可知，第一空author后有of短语作定语，故表示的是特指，应用定冠词the；而第二空表示的是泛指，意为“一位……”，应用不定冠词a。故答案选C。 4答案：C句意为：这份工作不好做，但完成它给我带来了深深的满足感。hard work为不可数名词，在语境中并非特指，故不用冠词；a sense of意为“一种……感”，为固定搭配。a sense of satisfaction意为“满足感”，符合语境。故答案选C。 5答案：C句意为：想要说服他放弃电脑游戏是没有意义的。there is no doubt 意为“毫无疑问”；there is no wonder意为“不足为奇”；there is no point in doing sth.意为“做某事毫无意义，毫无作用”；there is no value意为“毫无价值”。根据语境可知，答案选C。 6答案：D句意为：——哦，我的天呀！1月23日沈阳发生了地震。——真的吗？我当时也在那，但是我根本没有感觉到有地震。第一空后的earthquake 是可数名词，泛指一次地震，用不定冠词；第二空后的earthquake第二次出现，且表示1月23日的那次地震，应用定冠词，表示特指。故答案选D。 7答案：C句意为：通常你穿衣的风格反映(reflection)了你的个性。recognition认可，认出；regulation规定；reaction反应，均不符合语境。故答案选C。 8答案：D句意为：上周末，我们在向导的陪同下，去那个城镇著名的景点转了一圈。have/take a walk意为“散步”，为固定短语，故第一空应用不定冠词a；第二空由于signs后有定语of the famous town修饰限定，因此其前应用定冠词the，表特指。故答案选D。 9答案：A句意为：多年来，科学家们一直担心空气污染对地球环境造成
专题一冠词 重难点分析 冠词是一种虚词，没有词义，不能单独使用，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词主要分为定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词。 历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行梳理总结。 一、冠词的位置 二、不定冠词
三、定冠词 四、零冠词
五、英语中含有冠词的词组辨析 英语中有不少词组，从形式看好像只有冠词之差，而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。 1. in front of 在……（外）的前面；in the front of在……（内）的前面 There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一个花园。（外） There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一块黑板。（内） 2. in charge of 掌管、负责；in the charge of 在……负责之下 An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。 The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个项目由一位经验丰富的工人负责。 3. at table 在进餐、吃饭时；at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table. 吃饭时他很少说话。 They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 他们坐在桌旁，边说边笑。 4. by day 白天、日间；by the day 按日计 He works in an office by day. 他白天在办公室工作。 Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。 5. take place 发生、举行；take the place (of) 代替、接替 When did this conversation take place? 这次谈话什么时候进行的？ Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我们国家，电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。 6. in words 用语言；in a word 总之 Please express your thoughts in words. 请用言语表达你的想法。 In a word, I don’t trust you. 总之，我不相信你。 7. at times 有时、不时；at a time 一次 I do feel a little nervous at times. 有时我确实感到有些紧张。 Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次递给我两块砖。 8. little 少、不多的；a little 一些、一点儿 Hurry up, there is little time left. 快点，时间不多了。 Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 不用急，你还有时间。 9. few 很少、几乎没有的；a few 有些、几个
高考英语专题练习（一） 名词与冠词 1．But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ （attract）. 2．The nursery team switches him every few ________ （day）with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed. 3．Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ （achieve）. 4．Recent ________ （study）show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 5．Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the ________ （develop）of chopsticks. 6．Any smell might attract natural ________ （enemy）that would try to eat the little panda. 7．It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late ________ （pay ）may affect your credit. 8．We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ （different）unite, rather than divide us. 9．The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects. 10．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. 11．We most prefer to say yes to the ________ of someone we know and like.（attempts, requests, doubts, promises）12．I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village. 13．His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade. A．/; a; the B．the; the; a C．/; the; a D．a; the; the 14．The smallest good habits can make a big ________. 15．—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? —Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.（strength, talent, ability, skill） 16．In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed ______ very large stone. 17．Like many popular restaurants in Paris, ________ （reserve）are hard to get at Dave, so I wasn't surprised to find a complete sign hanging over the red door. 18．He pushed and pulled with all his ________ （strong）to move it. 19．He asked ________ （permit）to introduce his friend, whose name was Mr. Wickham, and who had apparently arrived recently from London. 20．Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of ________ （adolescent）. 21．Girls are luckier than boys; they have more flexible ________ （choose）than boys. 22．I have a strong ________ （believe）that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets, too. 23．So I asked her why she sat there in ________ （silent）. 24．About 20 percent of ________ （baby）feel nervous when they see strangers. 25．There was never a time when I had not called him and he did not call me right back within a couple of _______
专题10 名词和冠词 【2020年】 1.（2020·新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so than the familiar near side. 【答案】interest 【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。 2.（2020·新课标I卷）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。 3.（2020·新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 【答案】celebration 【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。 4.（2020·新课标II卷）Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. 【答案】将vacations改为vacation 【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。 5.（2020·新课标III卷）Filled with 64．(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left. 【答案】curiosity 【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。 6. （2020·江苏卷）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______. A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；
名词与冠词 一．名词 名词包括可数名词和不可数名词 1.可数名词 可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，单复数构成方式如下： 1. 一般情况加—s . desks , days 2. 以s, x, ch, sh 结尾，后接-es Buses , watches, boxes, brushes, stomaches 3.以f, fe 结尾，把f, fe 改为 ves Leaf---leaves life---lives thief—thieves 例外：roof---roofs gulf---gulfs chief---chiefs serf---serfs 少数两种都可以： handkerchief---handkerchiefs---handkerchieves Hoof—hoofs---hooves scarf---scarfs---scarves 4.辅音加y结尾，去y 变 i再加es Factory---factories country—countries city---cities 5.元音加o结尾，加s Bamboo—bamboos zoo—zoos radio—radios 辅音加o结尾，加es Echo—echoes potato—potatoes tomato---tomatoes Hero---heroes 有些以o结尾的外来词，只加s Auto—autos kilo---kilos photo—photos 有些以o结尾的有两种形式 Zero—zeros—zeroes volcano—volcanos----volcanoes 6.th 结尾加 s mouths months paths truths strengths 不规则变化 1.改变单数名词中得元音字母 Men women teeth oxen geese feet children mice 2.单复数同行 Works 工厂，作品 series 系列 means 手段 sheep dear fish 以及度量衡，币值名词 3.表示名族的 1) Chinese Japanese swiss 2) German—\Germans American—Americans African Australian Canadian Italian greek European Arab 3) Englishman—Englishmen Dutchman---Dutchmen
第5讲：名词和冠词 名词的性，数 名词的功用 冠词的功用 冠词的省略 2016/7/25 ● 名词的性，数 ? 专有名词的大小写 大写：地点和人名 国籍的名词 标题中的每个单词首字母 小写：一周七日（lundi, mardi…） 一年十二个月（mars, mai…） 语言（le fran?ais, le chinois…） 国籍形容词 (un habitant fran?ais …) ? 名词的性 ? enfant 阴阳性同形un enfant, une enfant ? professeur, m édecin, ing énieur, chirurgien, architecte, chauffeur, chef d ’entreprise 变阴性时在名词前加femme ，或直接une professeur ? personne, victime, vedette, star, idole, recrute 没有阳性形式 ? 动物只有一种性别，也可以在名词后加male 或femelle (un écureuil femme, un perroquet, une grenouille, une souris, une panthère…) ? 特殊词尾（compagnon-une compagne, un héros-une héroine, un dieu-une déesse, un copain-une copine, un jumeau-une jumelle, un roi-une reine…） ? gens 阳性复数，但是形容词出现在名词前，使用阴性des gens curieux- de curieuses gens ;若形容词阴阳同形，使用阳性。 无生名词的性 阳性：树木，金属，季节，月份，星期，语言，颜色，方位 由动词转化而来的名词 外来词 数字，字母，音符 泛指词personne, quelque chose 阴性：水果，科学，艺术 同时具有阴阳性：le vase-la vase, les soldes-la solde, un tour-une tour, un mainoeuvre-une mainoeuvre, un livre-une livre, un mémoire-une mémoire, le mode-la mode, un moule-une moule, un vapeur-une vapeur, un poêle-une poêle 单数为阳性，复数为阴性：délice, l’orgue, l’amour 城市，国家，河流既可能是阳性也可能是阴性 ? 名词的数 ? 特殊变化：des carnavals, des festivals, des bals, des régals, des pneus, les bleus, les landaus, des trous, les cous, des clous, des bisous, des rails,des détails, ? 只有单数：l’or, l’argent, le sel, la vanille, le courage, la vaillance, la charité, la peinture, le m arbre, le cinéma ? 只有复数：les fian?ailles, les funérailles, les frais, les gens, les environs, les alentours, les m?urs, les archives, les matériaux, l es représailles, les obsèques, les entrailles, les vivres… ? 单复数意义不同 : une échec-des échecs, un ciseau-des ciseaux, une lunette-des lunettes…
2017年高考一轮复习专题一名词、冠词和代词
专题一名词、冠词和代词 名词：A卷全国卷 语法填空/单句改错： 1．(2016·全国Ⅰ，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________(attract)．2．(2016·全国Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister. 3．(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.________. 4．(2016·全国Ⅱ)Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)． 5. (2016·全国Ⅱ)Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 6．(2016·全国Ⅲ)Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of ________(apple)．7．(2015·全国Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone
第一讲名词和冠词 命题者说：名词的考查主要包括名词的辨析、单复数、名词的固定搭配、名词的格、名词在特殊语境中的应用、名词的熟词生义等。 名词词义辨析 (Ⅰ) 示之以范1．(2019·江苏卷)Nowadays the ________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. A．priority B．Potential C．proportion D．pension 2．(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________ you’ve made. A．assignment B．association C．acquisition D．assumption Ⅱ通关点击 名词词义辨析主要考查考生对基本词汇的掌握程度和名词在具体语境中的运用。常见考查形式有：异义词辨析、同义词辨析和近义词辨析。在做题时，先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。 常考的几组名词辨析有： 1．cause，reason，excuse 2．award，reward，prize 3．sight，view，scene，scenery 4．anger，rudeness，regret，panic 5．condition，situation，state，position 6．reputation，influence，impression，attention 7．expectation，reputation，contribution，civilization 8．accommodation，occupation，adaptation，appreciation 在高考词义辨析题中，有一种“熟词生义”题型，即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的，但所考查的含义却是不常见的。这就要求考生在掌握单词基本词义的基础上，善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的含义。 常用名词的熟义和生义 名词熟义生义
专题一冠词和名词 知识清单 常考点清单一冠词 一、冠词在句中的位置及分类 冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种：a和an为不定冠词，the为定冠词。 二、冠词的泛指和特指用法 泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。特指是指上文已提到的人或物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。冠词的特指和泛指用法可归纳为下表： 泛指单一，每一，任一事物 a(n) 指类别 上文提到过的人或事物 可数名词前一定要用冠词被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物 特指说话双方所默认的人或事物 世上独一无二的事物 the 指类别 上文提到的人或事物 the特指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物 复数可数名词说话双方所默认的人或事物 不可数名词前 泛指人或事物 零冠词指类别 三、不定冠词的用法 1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物。 This is a book. 这是一本书。 2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别其他种类。 A plane is a machine that can fly. 翻译：___ 3. 泛指某人或某物。 A girl is waiting for you. 翻译：___ 4. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。 80 kilometers an hour,_______________ five lessons a week _______________ twice a month____ 5. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。 There’ll be a strong wind in South China. 翻译：___ 6. 用于某些固定词组中。 a few/ little / bit (一点儿), have a swim / walk / talk / look / drink / rest = swim/ walk / talk / look / rest, have a cold (感冒), have a good time (玩得高兴), in a hurry (匆忙), for a while (一会儿), keep a diary (写日记), do sb a favor (帮助某人) 7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前。例如：a knife and fork 一副__________
专题一冠词、名词和主谓一致 1.【2015·湖北】21.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall. A. balance B .chance C .memory D .place 【答案】A 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力.四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配.考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall（重重地摔了一跤）”，不禁会产生疑问：怎么会摔了一跤呢？然后根据搭配l ose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确答案. 2.【2015·湖北】22.He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份.A项“情绪”；B项“才能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”.故选C项. 【考点定位】名词词义辨析 【名师点睛】考生解答本题的关键是抓住题干中的关键词“secret task（秘密任务）”和“ gave himself a new name（给自己取了个新名字）”，然后推知肯定是为了“hide his identity （掩藏身份）”，从而锁定正确答案. 3.【2015·安徽】30.There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know. A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority 【答案】A 【解析】