专题一名词和冠词
（一）名词
知识点一名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则
(1)一般在名词词尾直接加s。
friend朋友→friends nation国家→nations interest兴趣→interests
change变化→changes
member成员→members
painting油画→paintings
(2)词尾是s，x，ch，sh时一般加es。
bus公共汽车→buses fox狐狸→foxes coach教练→coaches bush灌木丛→bushes 注意：stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。
(3)词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为i再加es。
enemy敌人→enemies hobby业余爱好→hobbies difficulty困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。
guy家伙→guys key钥匙→keys
(4)词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves。
shelf架子→shelves knife刀子→knives wolf狼→wolves calf牛犊→calves housewife家庭主妇→housewives
(5)词尾是o的名词，有些直接加s，有些加es。
bamboo竹子→bamboos tomato番茄→tomatoes potato土豆→potatoes
实录：名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语，但不能作谓语。
记法：规则变化
名词单数变复数，直接加-s占多数；s，x，z，ch，sh来结尾，直接加上-es；词尾是f或fe，加-s之前先变ve；辅母＋y在词尾，把y变i再加-es；词尾字母若是o，常用三个已足够，要加-es请记好，hero, tomato, potato。
2.常用特殊名词的复数形式
(1)单复数同形的名词
sheep绵羊deer鹿aircraft飞行器
Chinese中国人
Japanese日本人
means手段
works工厂
series系列
(2)自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→children
man男人→men woman女人→women
tooth牙→teet h
foot脚；英尺→feet
mouse老鼠→mice
criterion标准→criteria
phenomenon现象→phenomena
medium传播媒介→media
(3)合成名词的复数变化规则
①有中心名词的合成词的复数，是在中心名词后加-s。
·son-in-law→sons-in-law女婿·passer-by→passers-by路人
②无中心名词的合成词的复数，通常在词尾加-s。
·grown-up→grown-ups成人·stand-by→stand-bys旁观者
③名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变成复数形式。
·man doctor→men doctors男医生·woman waiter→women waiters女服务生
3.不可数名词的数
一般地说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。通常只用作不可数名词的名词有：milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, bread, advice, progress,
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orange(橙汁)，equipment, meat, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。
word意为“消息”，room意为“空间”，man意为“人类”时，通常不带任何修饰词。
Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday.
有消息称会议将于周五召开。
4.有些物质名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义。常见的这类词有
paper纸—papers论文
water水—waters水域custom习惯—customs海关manner方式—manners礼貌
look看—looks外貌time时间—times时代wood木材—woods树林sand沙子—sands沙滩
记法：不规则变化
男人女人a变e，鹅足牙oo变ee；老鼠虱婆也好记，ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。
实录：1.不可数名词可以通过在名词前加表示数量的词来表示数量概念。如：a piece of paper, two sets of furniture, three cups of coffee。
2.最常考到的几个不可数名词有：advice, progress, weather, fun, information。
3.集合名词要当心，整体个体需分清。常考的集合名词有：crew, couple, audience, class, group, family.
知识点二名词的格
1.’s所有格
主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名词，其变化方法如下：
构成例词
一般是名词词尾加’s Mike’s computer迈克的电脑
-s或-es结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’ students’ reading room学生阅览室
词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词，仍加’s children’s game孩子们的游戏
Women’s Day妇女节
2.of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词，通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
·the name of the street街道的名字
·the title of the article文章的标题
3.双重所有格
双重所有格的构成为：“名词＋of＋名词-’s”或“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”，主要用法如下：
用法例句
表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”，可用a, any, some, a few, two等修饰of短语前面的名词，但不能用the another house of John’s 约翰的另一所房子
被双重所有格修饰的名词前有this, that, these, those等指示代词修饰时，通常带有一定的感情色彩，如赞赏、不满、厌恶等That dog of Tom’s is really clever. 汤姆的那只狗真聪明。
记法：名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，若为生命词，加“‘s”即可行，词尾有s，仅把逗号择；并列名词后，各自和共有，前者分别加，后者最后加；若为无命词，of所有格，前后须倒置，此是硬规则。
知识点三名词词形变化
名词后缀意义例词
-age
抽象名词后缀，表示行为、状态、结果
或总称
use—usage 用途short—shortage 缺乏marry—marriage 婚姻pack—package 包裹
-ance，
抽象名词后缀，表示性质、状态、行为、accept—acceptance 接受
过程perform—performance 表演
exist—existence 存在
occur—occurrence 发生
differ—difference 不同
-ancy，-ency 抽象名词后缀，表示性质和状态
expect—expectancy 期待
tend—tendency 趋势，趋向
emergent—emergency 紧急情况
fluent—fluency 流利；流畅
-dom 表示状况或状态
free—freedom 自由
wise—wisdom 智慧
-ER，-OR 表示“……人，……者” RECEIVE—RECEIVER 接受者；听筒CARRY—CARRIER 携带者
BEGIN—BEGINNER 初学者
DIRECT—DIRECTOR 主任
OPERATE—OPERATOR 操作者
-ian 构成人称名词，表示“精通……的人” technique—technician 技术员
-ication
由动词变化而来的抽象名词，常意为
“……化”
classify—classification 分类communicate—communication 交流
-ics 表示“……学科”
economic—economics 经济学
physic—physics 物理学
-ion，-ation，-ition 由动词构成的名词，表示行为的过程、
结果、状况，意为“……行为；……状态”
produce—production 生产
solute—solution 解决方法
organize—organization 组织；机构
construct—construction 建设describe—description 描述
direct—direction 方向hesitate—hesitation 犹豫compete—competition 竞争
-ist
构成人称名词，表示“从事……研究者；
信仰……主义者”
special—specialist 专家
piano—pianist 钢琴家social—socialist 社会主义者
-ity/ty 抽象名词后缀，表示性质
responsible—responsibility 责任
similar—similarity 相似
-ment
抽象名词后缀，表示行为、状态、过程
或结果advertise—advertisement 广告develop—development 发展move—movement 动作；活动achieve—achievement 成就
equip—equipment 设备improve—improvement 改善
-ness
加在形容词后构成抽象名词，表示状态、
性质或程度
aware—awareness 意识
calm—calmness 冷静
thick—thickness 厚度effective—effectiveness 有效useful—usefulness 有用
-ship 抽象名词后缀，表示状态
relation—relationship 关系
member—membership 成员资格
friend—friendship 友谊
-th
由形容词构成名词，表示动作、性质和
状态
dead—death 死亡warm—warmth 温暖wide—width 宽度true—truth 真相
-ure 抽象名词后缀，表示行为和结果
fail—failure 失败expose—exposure 暴露press—pressure 压力
实录：冠词、动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词，如果所给单词是其它词类，就要将其改为名词，并注意名词数的变化。如果所给单词为动词，需在原动词后加-ing将其变为动名词。或者加上相应的名词后缀，对所给词做相应改变。
实录：一旦确定为所需词为名词，就要观察该词在句子的意义是泛指还是类指，词前是否有some, many, a lot of, a number of, several, 基数词等，如果有这类词，那么该词还要变为复数形式。
知识点四主谓一致
一、语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.动名词、动词不定式、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.
爱人和被人爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。
Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.
所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
What he said is far from the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
What the school needs are qualified teachers.
这个学校需要的是有能力的教师。
2.主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，along with，besides，like，but，except，including，rather than等，谓语动词的人称和数与主语的人称和数保持一致。
The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.
那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。
My father，together with his workmates，has been to Beijing.
我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。
3.and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词需用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room.
她的老师和朋友都在客厅。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。在“it＋be＋被强调部分＋that/who...”强调句型中，be一般用单数形式。如果强调的是主语，that/who后的谓语动词由被强调部分决定。
My friend showed me around the town，which was very kind of him.
我的朋友真是太好了，他带我参观了这个小镇。
It is I who am going to be a pilot.
我即将成为一名飞行员。
5.“more than one/m any a＋单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
More than one person is involved in this.
与此事有牵连的不止一个人。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。
【温馨提示】“more＋复数名词＋than one”作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
实录：what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；但如果从句表示复数含义，则谓语动词用复数形
式。
记法：单单复复最常见，集体名词常用单。如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。
有些名词谓用复，people，police即这般。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。
many a 主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。or，nor，but also，there be近主原则挂嘴边。
关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词、主语从句谓全单。
时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见。rest，means，following，意义决定其复单。
and连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。no，each，every后单各，两种事物一概念。
以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。形容词带the表一类，姓氏复数加定冠。
-s结尾山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。代词neither，either，each等用作主语全用单。
二、意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
注意：(1)people，cattle，police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。
(2)单复数同形的名词，如deer，sheep，fish，means，works，Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
2.“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义：all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
Thirty percent of the cattle are thin，but the rest are fat.
百分之三十的牛是瘦的，但其余的都是肥的。
所有这些都很精彩，但电影最精彩的部分是表演。
3.“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。
4.a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.
＝Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.
大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。
5.“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
A number of students have gone for an outing.
许多学生去远足了。
The number of the students is increasing year after year.
学生的数量逐年增加。
6.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对于一个男孩来说，3 000 美元是一笔大数目。
7.以-s/-ics结尾的学科名词及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Bad news travels quickly.[谚语]坏事传千里。
实录：判断主谓一致的关键：分析句子成分，找准句子主语，判断句子主语是单数还是复数。再根据主谓一致的原则解题。
三、就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1.当or，nor，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
门和窗户都开着。
Either you or he is to take part in the competition.
要么你去参加竞赛，要么他去。
2.在here，there置于句首的倒装句中，当主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与其邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。There stands the teaching building between the two rows of trees.
教学楼在两排树之间。
There are three chairs，a desk and a computer in the room.
房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。
（二）冠词
知识点一不定冠词
不定冠词的活用
1.a/an用于人名前，三种含义最常见：“一个叫……的人/一个……样的人/一件……人的作品”。
—Could you tell me the way to the Johnson’s，please?
——你能告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走吗？
—Sorry，we don’t have a Johnson here in the village.
——对不起，这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。
2.a＋most 表示“很”，“非常”。
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
——你昨天玩得开心吗？
—Yes，as you know，the party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere.
——是的，正如你所知，晚会是在非常愉快的气氛中进行的。
3.序数词前一般加定冠词the表示顺序，但序数词前可加不定冠词a(n)，表示“另一个；又一个”。
In order to find a better job，he decided to study a second foreign language.
为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定学习另一门外语。
4.有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding 等是由其动词转化而来，它们后面加of...时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。
Tom owns a larger collection of books than any other student in our class.
在我们班中，汤姆收集的书最多。
Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的知识。
5.不定冠词a与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵，一份”。
What a heavy rain！多大的一场雨啊！
Please give me a black coffee! 请给我一杯不加糖的咖啡。
6.表示“每一”的意思。
We go swimming four times a week. 我们每个星期去游四次泳。
7.在such a，quite a句式中。
He is quite a good actor. 他是一位相当好的演员。
Don’t be in such a hurry. 不要那么匆匆忙忙的。
8.在感叹句what...的句式中。
What a pretty girl she is! 她是多漂亮的女孩啊！
9.用在某些表示数量的短语中。
a lot of/a couple of/a great many/a dozen也可以用作one dozen/ a great deal of
记法：泛指首提为最多，有时表示“某一个”；物质抽象表“一场”，so加形容再加“a”；可数名词为“一类”，序数词前“又一个”；quite等词常放后，固定短语须琢磨。
知识点二定冠词
一、定冠词的基本用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物。
Beijing is the capital of China.
北京是中国的首都。
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
Open the window, please.
请打开窗户。
3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。(第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”)
There was a chair by the window.On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
窗边有一把椅子。在这把椅子上，坐着一位抱孩子的年轻女子。
4.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等名词前。
the sun 太阳the moon 月亮the earth 地球the sky 天空the world 世界注意：有些物体虽然也是独一无二的，但习惯上却不用冠词。
space太空nature自然man人类
5.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。
The first truck is carrying a few baskets.
第一辆卡车装运了一些筐。
表示两者间“较……的一个”时用定冠词。
The older of the two noblemen took a light.
两位绅士中年龄较大的那位拿了一盏灯。
He is the taller of the two boys.
他是两个男孩中较高的一位。
the Great Wall长城the Summer Palace颐和园
the People’s Farm人民农场the Science Museum科学馆
7.the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物。
The horse is a useful animal.
马是一种有用的动物。
注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法：
A horse is a useful animal.
Horses are useful animals.
8.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。
the rich富人the poor穷人the sick病人the old老人
the young年轻人the blind盲人the dead死人
The wounded were sent to the hospital immediately.
受伤者被立刻送往医院。
9.用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Turners are going home on a train.
特纳一家要乘火车回家。
10.用在方位词前。
on the left/right在左/右边
in the east/west/north/south在东/西/北/南方
at the back/front of在……的后/前面
11.用在乐器特别是西洋乐器，名词前。
My brother is playing the violin while my sister is chatting on the Internet. 我弟弟在拉小提琴而我妹妹正在网上聊天。
12.用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派名词前。
the East China Sea 东海the Huai River 淮河
the United States of America 美国
实录：名词为冠词的“指路词”，先找名词再确定填什么冠词。
1.下列情况很可能填不定冠词
(1)________＋可数名词(单数)；
(2)________＋形容词＋可数名词(单数)。
2.下列情况下很可能填定冠词
(1)________(＋定语)＋名词＋介词短语(表示特指)；
(2)________(＋定语)＋名词＋定语从句(表示特指)；
(3)________(＋定语)＋名词＋不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
二、定冠词的活用
1.在句型“动词＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体某一部位”中要用the，而不用人称代词。take sb by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb in the face 打中某人的脸
be red in the face 脸红
be lame in the right leg 右腿瘸
2.用在表示计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the day，by the dozen，by the yard等。
I got paid by the hour.我按小时得到报酬。
by后面接表示面积、体积、重量、长、高、短、深时，中间不加冠词。如：by volume/weight/length/width/depth
3.用在形容词very，only，right，following，same之前和just之后。
That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for.
那正是我要找的东西。
4.与复数名词连用，指整个群体。例如：
They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)
5.用在the＋比较级的句型中。
The more you listen to English，the easier it becomes.
英语你听得越多，它就变得越容易。
6.用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.
在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修并不罕见。
记法：沙漠河流与群山，岛屿海峡和海湾；阶级党派国家名，组织团体和机关；方位朝代最高级，会议条约及报刊；人体部位发明物，顺序唯一加习惯；乐器建筑海洋类，年代姓氏复数前；特定比较含义时，定冠词the 都不删。
附录：定冠词the用在某些固定短语中
all the same 仍然
all the time 一直
all the year round 一年到头
at the age of 在……岁时
at the beginning of
在……起初；开始at the end of 在……的尽头/末尾at the entrance of 在……门口
at the foot of 在…… 脚下
at the head of 在……的前面
at the moment 此刻
at the same time 同时by the time 到时候
by the way 顺便说
catch the post 赶上邮班
do the shopping/washing
买东西/洗衣服
give...the message 捎口信给……
go to the classroom 去教室
in the end 最后；终于
in the hat 戴帽子的
in the middle of the day 中午
in the morning/afternoon/evening
在上午/下午/晚上
in the open air 在户外；在野外
jump the queue 不按次序排队
lead the way to 引路；指路
look the same 看起来很像
on the earth 在地球上
tell the truth 说实话
the day after tomorrow 后天
the day before yesterday 前天
the high jump 跳高
the long jump 跳远
the next day 第二天
the next year下一年
the people 人民
the starting line起跑线
知识点三零冠词
零冠词的活用
1.系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词前不用冠词，但名词前若有形容词作定语时，则必须加冠词。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer.
鲁迅成为作家前是医生。
2.as/though引导的让步状语从句中，如果作表语的名词置于句首，习惯上单数名词前不用冠词。
Child as/though she is，she plays the violin perfectly.
尽管是个孩子，但她小提琴拉得很好。
3.在某些独立主格结构，如“单数名词＋介词短语”中，名词前不用冠词。
He rushed into the classroom，book in hand.
他冲进教室，手里拿着一本书。
4.no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。
There is no such thing as a free lunch.
世上没有免费的午餐。
5.一人兼多种身份的情况，只在第一个名词前使用冠词，其他名词前不再使用冠词。
a clerk and writer职员兼作家
6.在某些固定短语、习惯用法中，不用冠词。
(1)成对使用的词，如father and son，husband and wife，knife and fork，hand in hand，sun and moon等。
(2)介词短语，如from door to door，at noon/midnight/night，in case of fire等。
(3)动词短语，如catch fire，catch sight of，come to power，watch TV等。
实录：理解空格所在句子的意义，分析所填词是否是冠词的活用或固定用法。例如：抽象名词表示具体意义时前面用不定冠词；有些名词前有无冠词意义不同；固定搭配或习惯用法中的冠词的使用等。
记法：年季月周节日餐，人地抽名物质专；成对使用及洲名，学科球棋和语言；turn之表语头衔前，独立主格时无冠；可数名词带修饰，让步倒装名词前；交通工具冠词删，灵活运用是关键。
附录：当下列名词指其“主要目的”，即与其相关的行为时，要用零冠词。试比较：
at table 在进餐
at the table 在桌子旁边
at desk 在读书
at the desk 在课桌旁
at school 在上学
at the school 在学校里
in class 在上课
in the class 在班级里面
in bed 卧床
in the bed 在床上
in prison 坐牢
in the prison (因事)在监狱
in hospital 住院
in the hospital (因事)在医院go to school 去上学
go to the school (因事)去学校go to bed 上床睡觉
go to the bed 在床上
go to hospital 去看病
go to the hospital 去医院take place 发生
take the place 代替
in place of 代替
in the place of 在……的地方in case of 万一
in the case of 就……来说
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 完全不可能
2018 高考英语语法专题练习冠词（含答案和解析） 冠词是高考英语中的必考知识点，体现在语法填空和 单项选择这两大题型中。正确掌握冠词的用法非常重要， 今天，我们讲练结合，说一说冠词的用法。 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1．(2016·汉中市二模)Have a good time! 解析：考查冠词。have a good time 玩得开心。2．(2014·天津，8 改编)Life is like an ocean: Only the strong－willed can reach the other shore. 解析：第一个空表示泛指，且ocean 以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an；形容词前用定冠词表示一类人，the strong－willed 意为“意志坚强的人”。 3．(2014·重庆，6 改编)I can't tell you the way to the Wilson's because we don't have a Wilson here in the village. 解析：way 后有介词短语作定语，表特指，所以第一空填定冠词the；泛指“一个名叫Wilson 的人”，第二空填不定冠词a。 4．(2014·陕西，19 改编) The village where I was born has grown into a town. 解析：village 后有定语从句修饰，是特指，故第一空填定 冠词；泛指“一座城镇”，故第二空填不定冠词a。
5．(2016·大庆市一模)Every time there was an outbreak，a great number of terrified people died. 解析：there was＋可数名词单数，且“outbreak”以元音音素开头，故用an。 6.The news of the mayor's coming to our school for a visit was given out on the radio yesterday. 解析：句意为：市长来我们学校参观的新闻昨天通过收音机发布了。名词news 后有介词短语修饰，起限定作用，表特指，故填the。 7.In Germany, a successful project, which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”，has been running with a great success. 解析：句意为：在德国，一个名为“领养祖父母”的项目已成功运行。project 为单数可数名词，此处意为“一个成功的项目”，表泛指。故填不定冠词a。 8.—Mom, why can't I have a new bike?—Dear, you know, money doesn't grow on trees. 解析：句意为：——妈妈，我为什么不能要一辆新自行车？——亲爱的，你要知道，赚钱可不是件容易的事。bike 为单数可数名词，是首次提到，此处表泛指，故用不定冠词a。 9.The wish always remains unrealistic that you can come
考点一：名词和名词辨析 1. While she was in Paris, she developed a __________ for fine art. A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit 2.As the world’s population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern. 3. A.worth B.supply C.package D. list 4.With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a _______ for the better. 5. A.share B.chance C. turn D. lead 6.Poetry written from the _________ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging. 7. A.perspective B.priority C.participation D. privilege 8.Carbon dioxide, which makes a __________ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer. 9. A.difference https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb15707880.html,parison C.connection D. barrier 10.Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _______ . 11. A.curiosity B.satisfaction C. envy D. patience 12.The accident caused some ________ to my car, but it’s nothing serious. 13. A.harm B.injury C. ruin D. damage 14.Your __________ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflection on how you learn. 15. A.operation B.growth C. performance D. character 16.My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 17. A.expression B.attention C.satisfaction D. impression 18.You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ________ . 19. A.purpose B.reference C.progress D. memory 20.It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ____ . 21. A. symptom B. similarity C. sample D. shadow 22.You are working too hard. You’d better keep a _________ between work and relaxation. 23. A.promise B.lead C.balance D.diary 24.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _________ . 25. A. consequence B.independence https://www.doczj.com/doc/eb15707880.html,petence D. intelligence 26.Anyway, I can’t cheat him---it’s against all my ________ . 27. A. emotions B.principles C.regulations D. opinions 28.There’s a _______ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. 29. A.tradition B.balance C.concern D. relationship 30.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _________ . 31. A.hearing B. strength C.recognition D. measure 32.This restaurant has become popular for its wide _______ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. 33. A. division B.area C.range D. circle
英语语法专题一冠词 英语的冠词有三个(a, an, the),a和an是不定冠词；the是定冠词。 （一）不定冠词 一、知识测练 填上恰当的不定冠词。 1.She thinks that English is _______ useful subject and she spends more than _______ hour speaking it every day. 2.I bought _______ new handbag. There was _______ "s" on the corner. 3.There is _______ orange and _______ banana on your desk. They are for you. 4.Is Germany _______ European country or _______ Asian country? 5.They have made quite _______ few friends since they lived in this place. 二、知识归纳 不定冠词a和an的基本用法： 不定冠词a和an都是修饰_________（可数、不可数）名词的单数，表示“一个”的惑思，一般指人或物中的某一个或某一类。 (1)a用在_________（辅音、元音）开头的单词前（注意：辅音不是辅音字母）。 如：a man, a beautiful flower, a heavy bag, a university, a European country (2)an用在_________（元音、辅音）开头的单词前（注意：元音不是元音字母）。 如：an orange, an hour, an honest boy, an unhappy girl, an Asian country, an unusual tree 三、知识过关 单项选择 1.That's not _______ apple. It's _______ pear. A. a, a B. the, a C. an, a D. a, the 2.Walk down the road for half _______ hour, you'll see _______ university in front of you. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an 3._______ tiger is stronger than _______ sheep. A. A, an B. An. A C. The, / D. A, a 4.There's _______ "s" and _______ "u" in the word "use". A. the, the B. an, a C. an, an D. a, an 5.China is _______ Asian country, but England is _______ European country. A. an, an B. an, a C. a, an D. a, a 6.Is this _______ useful book? —Yes. And it's also _______ interesting book.
高中英语语法强化训练(冠词) ( ) report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the .would be higher than the number of English speaker by_____ year 2090. A.A, the B. A, / C. The ,/ D. The, a ( ) you go by ______train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _____fast one. A. /, / B./, a C. the, a D./,/ ( ) 3. It is often said that ____teachers have _______very easy life. A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a ( ) can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left _____city ,I only remember it was ______ Monday.。 A.the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a ( ) you grow up in ______large family ,you are more likely to develop _____ability to get on well with ______others . A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the ( ) ,Taylor has ___8-year-old daughter who has _____gift for painting –she has won two national prizes.
一、选择题 1．WeChat is _________ useful tool to communicate with others nowadays. A．an B．/ C．the D．a 2．I bought useful dictionary yesterday. dictionary is very cheap. A．a; A B．a; The C．an; The 3．Zhang Miman, 82, ______ professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was given ______ 2018 L’Oreal-UNESCO for Women in Science award on March 22. A．a; the B．a; an C．the; a D．the; the 4．Ciqikou is _______ famous place in Chongqing. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．—What was the matter with your father? —He had _____toothache so he went to see his dentist yesterday. A．the B．/ C．a D．an 6．In China more and more couples want to have ______ second baby so that _____ first child can feel less lonely in the future. A．the ; the B．a ; the C．the ; a D．a; a 7．—Who is ____ girl behind the tree ? —Which one ? The one with ______ umbrella ? A．a; the B．an; an C．the; a D．the; an 8．You are such __ honest kid, and I would like to invite you for __ dinner.. A．an; a B．a; the C．an; / D．a; / 9．---What is your cousin like? --Well, my cousin is ______ 11-year-old boy with shirt black hair. He is also very funny and he likes telling _____ jokes. A．a; the B．the; 不填C．不填； the D．an; 不填10．Little Mary is ________ honest girl, so we all like her. Besides, ________ girl looks very pretty. A．a; the B．an; the C．the; a D．the; an 11．Middle school students don' t need to go to _ _ school on weekends. They can go to_ _ park for fun with their parents or friends. A．/，a B．a, a C．the, a D．a, / 12．Trees turn green and flowers come out in _______ spring. A．the B．a C．/ 13．—What do you usually have for______ breakfast? —A piece of bread and _________egg. A．a; an B．/;the C．a; the D．/; an 14．—Jim took ___ one-hour ride just now. What a short time he spent finishing such a long way!—He is ______ experienced rider. A．an; the B．a; the C．a; an D．an; a
一、选择题 1．On Children's Day, Jack received a prize for being ____ honest boy. A．/ ; an B．the; an C．/ ; a 2．— What do you often do after class? — We often take part in after-class activities. I like to play _______ basketball, but my brother likes to play________ guitar. A．a; the B．the; the C．不填; 不填D．不填; the 3．—Who is ____ girl behind the tree ? —Which one ? The one with ______ umbrella ? A．a; the B．an; an C．the; a D．the; an 4．Going to ______ high school for one year in Britain was quite ______ exciting experience for me. A．不填; an B．a; a C．不填; 不填D．the; a 5．—There is a chess match between a Chinese player and AlphaGo（阿尔法）. —It’s very amazing. Playing _____ chess is usually ________ one-to-one game. A．/；a B．the; a C．/；an D．a; the 6．--I hear there will be______ talk on teenage problems next Monday. --Do you mean______ talk our teacher asked us to listen to? A．the; a B．a; the C．the; an D．an; the 7．Middle school students don' t need to go to _ _ school on weekends. They can go to_ _ park for fun with their parents or friends. A．/，a B．a, a C．the, a D．a, / 8．___story of Chang’e is regarded as a touching traditional folk story about the Mid-Autumn Festival. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 9．Today is my little sister’s ______ birthday. My family will get together to cel ebrate it. A．nine B．ninth C．the ninth D．the nine 10．My dear friend, your attitude today has ________ important effects on your success tomorrow. Come on, please. A．a B．an C．/ 11．I want to have ________ English pen pal. A．a B．the C．an D．/ 12．Zhao Youting is _______ famous actor from Taiwan who played the lead role of Ye Hua in ______ TV show Life After Life, Blooms Over Blooms.(《三生三世，十里桃花》) A．a; / B．the; / C．/; the D．a; the 13．—Have you seen ______ movie Nice To Meet You? —Yes, it's ______ wonderful one. A．a, the B．the; a C．the; the D．a; a 14．---Kate, are you only child in your family?
高考语法总结—备战 一、冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法 1 指一类人或事，相当于 a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 3 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day. 4 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age. 5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或 事 —Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋） 6 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one. 8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 9 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化)成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识 II. 定冠词的用法 1 表示某一类人或物In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean 3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4 用于演奏乐器play the violin, play the guitar 5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded 6 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please? —Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / 7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children. 8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China. 10 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990’ｓ (二十世纪九十年代) 11 用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour. 12 用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder. III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法 1 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air 2 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? 3 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America. 5 表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess. 6 与by连用表示交通方式的名词前We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 1
冠词 不定冠词的用法及语法说明 1. 用a 还是用an： 一般说来，在辅音或半元音开头的词前用a, 而在元音开头的词前用an。 注意： 有些以元音字母开头的单词，由于第一个音不是元音而是辅音，其前仍用a 而不用an： a one-eyed man 一个独眼人 a European country 一个欧洲国家 2. 单数可数名词若泛指，其前需加a ，an, 不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉此不定冠词： He is a famous film star. 他是著名影星。 3. 专有名词转化为普通名词，其前可用a (an)，表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、艺术品等： a Mr Smith 一位名叫史密斯先生的人 4. 物质名词转化为普通名词，其前可以使用a (an)，有时表示相应产品或种类，有时表示数量关系： a good wine 一种好酒 5. 在序数词之前使用a (an)，可以表示数量或序数的增加： Soon I saw a second plane. 不久我又看到了一架飞机。 6. 与形容词的最高级连用，表示“非常”、“很”等： This is a almost interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。 7. 用于修饰名词的定语前，表示某种状态。此时的不定冠词含有类似a kind of 的意思： climate 气候→a mild climate 温和的气候 have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast吃快餐 8. 不定冠词a (an) 与数词one 都可表示“一”，但是两者有差别： 不定冠词 a (an) 表示“类别”概念，而数词one 表示“数量”概念
冠词和数词【Articles and Numerals】 冠词是虚词，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。本身不能单独使用，在句中不重读。冠词可以分为定冠词【the Definite Article】和不定冠词【the Indefinite Article】。 2.1不定冠词的用法【Usage of the Indefinite Articles】 不定冠词a(an)与数词one同源，是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前，而an则用于元音音 词组或成语固定搭配【Word Phrases and Expressions】： a little, a few, a lot, a type of, a pile, a great many, many a, as a rule, in a hurry, in a minute, in a word, in a short while, after a while, have a cold, have a try, keep an eye on, all of a sudden 2.2定冠词的用法【Usage of the Definite Article】 定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有那（这）个的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
用在惯用语中【Useful Expressions】： in the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening),the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country), in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, in the whole,by the way,go to the theatre
【名词】 选择正确答案 1. There are forty ______ in our school. A. women teachers B .teacher women C. woman teachers D. women teacher 2. Mr. Li is one of ______ in the hospital. A. most popular doctors B. the most popular doctors C. most popular doctor D. the most popular doctor 3. The sign "NO PHOTOS" means that you can't ______. A. take pictures B. bring in pictures C. buy any photos D. sell any photos 4. Some of the boys in ______ are afraid of maths exams. A. Class Three B .the Class Three C. Three Class D .the Three Class 5. Have you got any ______ for us this time? A. pieces of message B. piece of messages C. pieces of messages D. messages 6. ______, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. In a few years time B. After a few years time C. In a few years’ ti me D. After a few years time 7. Hong Kong is an SAR while Macao is another. So there are ______ in China. A. both SAR B. both SARS C. two SAR D. two SARS 8. Look! There are ______ stars up there in the ______. A. thousands of; sky B. thousands of; air C. thousand of; sky D. thousand of; air 9. My father lived in ______ for some ten years. A. city Beijing B. the Beijing city C. Beijing of city D. the city of Beijing 10. Just from the ______ I know it's Liu Minjun. A. noise B. voice C. sound D .sing 11. —Where are the other two students? —They're in ______. A. teacher's office B. teachers' office C. the teacher office D. the teachers' office 12. —How many ______ have you next term? —Let me see. We'll have eight. A. lesson B. subjects C. days D. class 13. My uncle's full name is David Edward Hartpode. His family name is ______. A. Edward B. Hartpode C. David D. David Hartpode 14. He writes more carefully than ______ in his class. A. any student B. any other student C. any other students D. all students 15. This new kind ______ can do half the work. A. of tractor B. tractor C. of a tractor D. a tractor 16. John is very happy to have a ______ training.
五、零冠词的用法 1. 用于物质名词前。物质名词表示泛指或一般概念时，通常用零冠词： Water boils at 100℃. 水在摄氏100度沸腾。 Blood is thicker than water. 水浓于水(即亲人总比外人亲)。 表示泛指或一般概念的物质名词前，即使有一描绘性修饰语，仍用零冠词： Don't eat rotten food. 不要吃腐烂的食物。 注：(1)若特指，物质名词前可用定冠词： Is the water in the well fit to drink? 这井里的水能喝吗? (2)表示一种、一杯、一场、一阵、一份等这样的概念时，可用不定冠词： This is a very good wine. 这是一种很好的酒。 A coffee, please. 请给我来杯咖啡。 It was very cold and a heavy snow was falling. 当时天气很冷，正在下大雪。 2. 用于抽象名词前。抽象名词表示泛指或一般概念时，通常用零冠词： Do you like music? 你喜欢音乐吗? Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 表示泛指或一般概念的抽象名词前，即使有一描绘性修饰语，仍用零冠词： I like light music very much. 我非常喜欢轻音乐。 注：(1)若特指，抽象名词前可用定冠词： I like the music of Mozart. 我喜欢莫扎特的曲子。 (2)若表示一种、一类、一方面、那种、这种等这之类的概念时，可用不定冠词：He lives a happy life. 他过着幸福的生活。 Physics is a science. 物理是一门科学。 (3)表示动作的一次、一例、一番等时，可用不定冠词： Let me have a look. 让我看一看。 (4)表示与抽象名词意义相关的具体的人或事，可用不定冠词： The book is a delight to read. 这书读来很有趣。 3. 用于专有名词前。在通常情况下，专有名词前用零冠词： Smith lives in London. 史密斯住在伦敦。 注：(1)若特指，专有名词前有时也可用定冠词： The Smith you’re looking for no longer lives here.你找的那个史密斯不住这儿了。 (2)专有名词前使用不定冠词和定冠词的其他情况，见本章有关内容。 4. 用于复数名词前。复数名词表示类别时，通常用零冠词： Teachers should be respected. 教师应该受到尊重。 泛指不定量的人或物，也用零冠词： We are students of Class Five. 我们是五班的学生。 注：若特指，复数名词前应用定冠词： The teachers should attend the meeting 教师应参加会议。 5. 用于单数可数名词前。单数可数名词前用零冠词，主要有以下情况：
2021年中考英语语法专练二：冠词 ( )1.[2020扬州] In 2016, China set April 24 as country's Space Day. A. a; the B. the; the C. the;/ D. /; the ( )2.[2020?泰州]It’s pity that many wild animals are now in danger. Please have pity on them since they are part of our big family. A.a;/ B. a; a C./;a D./;/ ( )3. We often have three meals day. And we usually have breakfast at 8: 00 every morning. A. a; the B. a; a C.a;/ D./; the ( )4.[2020?新疆] The photo makes me think of trip to Hangzhou last year. - Yeah, we had great time there. A.a;/ B. an; the C. the;the D. the;a ( )5.[2020?达州改编]-There will be 8-day art exhibition(展览) in Dazhou next month. We can enjoy great works like Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci. -Wow! It must be most unusual exhibition. A. a; the B. at ;an C.an; a D. an; the ( )6. “ apple a day keeps the doctor away,” is useful saying.
一、选择题 1．---Look! Who’s girl under the tree? ---Oh, she is my sister, Kate. She is honest girl. A．the; an B．a: the C．the; a D．an; the 2．--Why not take umbrella? It is raining. --What good advice! A．a ; an B．an ; a C．an ; / 3．Zhang Miman, 82, ______ professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was given ______ 2018 L’Oreal-UNESCO for Women in Science award on March 22. A．a; the B．a; an C．the; a D．the; the 4．The lyrics（歌词）“If you care enough for ____ living, make it ___ better place for you and for me.” in the song Healing the World really touches me. A．the, a B．a, the C．the, the D．a, a 5．Kevin is a soccer fan and he plays ________ soccer quite well. A．a B．the C．/ 6．There is ________ “o” and ______ “n” in the expression “positive energy”. A．an; a B．an; an C．an; the D．the; a 7．Lily is _____ shy girl, but she’s good at playing _____ guitar. A．an, the B．a, the C．a, / D．an, / 8．Don’t worry! The government will look after ________ homeless in freezing days. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 9．—Can you remember when Mr. Brown left ________ city? —Sorry . I can’t. I only remember it was ________ Thursday. A．a, a B．the, the C．a. the D．the, a 10．____ Sunday morning, I played ____ badminton . A．In, the B．On, the C．On, / D．In, / 11．I want to have ________ English pen pal. A．a B．the C．an D．/ 12．— What do you often do after class? — We often take part in after-class activities. I like to play _______ basketball, but my brother likes to play________ guitar. A．a; the B．the; the C．不填; 不填D．不填; the 13．—What _______ cold weather! —Yes. But it's ______ unusual experience for us who always live in a hot place. A．an；an B．/；a C．/；an D．a；an 14．---Kate, are you only child in your family? ---Yes, but new baby is on the way. A．a; the B．an; the C．the; a D．the; the