长难句：1. The words used by the speaker may stir up激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere vi. 干涉；妨碍；打扰vt. 冲突；介入with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.
结构剖析：本句有分号分为两部分，其中第一部分的主干是The words.... may stir up unfavorable reactions....., which引导的定语从句which interfere with his comprehension修饰reactions.(这点很重要,注意理解)过去分词used by the speaker作words的后置定语，介词词组in the listener作reactions 的后置定语
参考译文：说话者使用的词可能会引起听话者不愉快的反应，这种反应干扰听话者的理解，因此，二者之间的传输-接受系统就中断了
interfere with干扰，干涉；妨碍；触动或弄坏；乱动；与……抵触
长难句：The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood, as if their immune systems-the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed.
结构剖析：本句是一个主从复合句，逗号前为主句，后面的as if引导一个状语从句，使用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反；破折号之间的部分the self-protecting mechanism against diseases作破折号前的immune systems的同位语。
核心词汇：
develop患(病) (develop还有别的意思，总结下吧)
mechanism机制
参考译文：老鼠的血液出现了细菌感染(学习这句话的翻译技巧，develop的翻译)，好像它们的免疫系统-对抗疾病的自我保护机制-已经垮掉了。
长难句：They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body. 结构剖析：本句是由and连接的并列句，其中第一部分的主干为They are different,后面的in that their elements are arranged differently为状语，修饰different.注意：in that后面常引导从句，与in that一起作状语。
核心词汇： in that体现于，因为
specific具体的，特定的
element元素，因素
参考译文：它们之前的不同之处在于各自元素的排列不同，而且每种维生素在人体内承担一种或一种以上的具体功能。
长难句：The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans.
结构剖析：本句的主干是The phenomenon provides a way,后面的for companies to remain globally competitive修饰a way,作定语。while之后的现在分词结构avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens...作状语，其中avoiding 的逻辑主语是前面的
companies (考虑下) avoiding带两个宾语，一个是market cycles,另一个是the growing burdens...,而过去分词结构imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans又作the growing burdens的定语。
核心词汇：phenomenom现象
impose强加,征税 globally在全球,就全球而言 pension养老金,年金market cycle市场周期
学习任务：1. avoding的逻辑主语是什么？
2.请翻译这句长难句~
参考译文:这一现象给公司提供了一种方式,使它们既能够保持全球竞争力,又能避免市场周期与就业法规、医疗成本和养老金方案等造成的不断加重的负担。
长难句：Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
结构剖析：本句的主干是Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things,冒号后面的部分为两个that分别引导的两个从句，它们是 ________的同位语，对其进行具体说明。
核心词汇： be marked by特点是，以....为特点
worsen恶化 industrialization工业化 populace民众,百姓；全体居民
本期任务：1. that引导的两个从句是 ________的同位语？
参考译文：历史和经济方面的专家指出了两点：一是1650至1750之间的时期确实是非常贫困，二是工业化肯定并未恶化、而是可能实际改善了大多数人的生活条件。
长难句: He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to replace old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil.
结构剖析:本句的主干在冒号前: He must use this surplus in three ways,冒号之后的部分包含三个as引导的并列结构,作状语,其中第三个as结构的核心部分是as a commodity...,后面的which引导的定语从句which he must sell...修饰commodity,其中介词结构in order to...作定语从句的状语.
核心词汇： surplus剩余，过剩；a.过剩的，剩余的
replace替换 sow播种 implement工具；v.执行 insurance保障，保险fertilizer肥料，化肥 unpredictable无法预测的 feed提供(养料等) commodity 商品
参考译文：他必须以下列三种方式使用这些余粮：留作种子，留作保障以对付恶劣天气可能造成的无法预测的影响，并留作必须出售的商品以替换就农具和购买化肥给土壤提供养料。
长难句：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins.
结构剖析：本句的主干是 ________,其中the Lord Chancellor为主语的同位语，说明主语的身份， that引导一个定语从句，修饰a draft bill,而这一定语从句的位于部分是由and连接的两个部分构成，其中第二部分will strictly control the amount of publicity中的宾语amount of publicity后面带有that引导的定语从句that can be given to a case before a trial begins.
核心词汇：tighten加紧，收紧 draft草案；草稿 press新闻界 bill法案；账单 introduce提出，引进；介绍 publicity公开宣传，曝光
本期任务：1.本句的主干是什么？
2.翻译本长难句
本句的主干是：Lord Irvine... will introduce a draft bill.....
参考译文：为了大大加紧对新闻界的法律控制，大法官欧文勋爵将提出一项法律草案，其中将建议规定向证人付费属于违法行为，并将严格控制媒体在案件审理之前对案件的曝光程度。
长难句：Publication of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest when he said the interpretation of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges rather than to Parliament.
结构剖析：本句是一个复合句，开始是主干Publication of the letter came...., two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest...为状语，修饰主句的谓语came;后面的when引导一个时间状语从句when he said....,修饰前面从句中的谓语部分caused a storm of media protest,其中said后面是一个宾语从句：主语是the interpretation of privacy controls,过去分词结构contained in European legislaion作privacy controls的定语，相当于定语从句which were contained in European legislation;谓语是would be left to jugdes rather than to Parliament
核心词汇： publication发表，出版 privacy隐私
a storm of media protest暴风雨般的媒体抗议 legislation立法 protest抗议
be left to被交给，留给
本期任务：翻译本长难句~
参考译文：欧文勋爵说对于欧洲立法中包含的隐私控制的解释权将交给法官而不是议会时(注意rather than的翻译)引起了媒体的一片抗议。两天后，这封信便发表了。
长难句：As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. 结构剖析：本句开始是as引导的一个状语从句，后面的主句是一个强调句： it was not until the 19th century that...,被强调的部分是not until the 19th century;在that引导的从句中，主干为the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium,现在分词结构作状语，修饰从句的主干。本句的难点是三个结构：not until (直到...才) in the wake of (在...之后) in the company of (伴随、陪伴)
核心词汇： dominant主要的、占主导地位的
in the company of伴随、陪伴 in the wake of在....之后
periodical期刊 pamphlet宣传册
参考译文：正如前面所讨论的，直到19世纪，报纸才继宣传册和书籍之后，伴随着期刊的出现，成为电子媒体出现之前的主要媒体。
长难句：It was during the same time that the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transport, the railway and leading on through
the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20 th-century world of the motor car and the airplane.
结构剖析：本句是一个强调句It was during the same time that...,被强调的部分是during the same time; that引导的从句中，主干是the communications revolution speeded up,现在分词结构beginning with... and leading on through... into (从...开始，接着是.....,直到.....)作状语，说明通信革命的发展过程。
核心词汇： communications通信 lead on继续发展 speed up加快，加速
2.用begin with... lead on through... into...造句
参考译文：就在这段时期，通信革命加快了步伐，从运输-铁路开始，接着是电报、电话、无线电和电影，直到20世纪出现汽车和飞机的世界。
It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the 20th century, followed by the invention of integrated circuit during the 1960 s, radically changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent.
结构剖析：本句的主干是It is generally recognized, however, that...., it 是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语，其中the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century.... radically changed the process是主句，过去分词followed by....作定语，修饰前面的introduction of the computer,相当于which was followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960 s,而although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent,是状语从句，表示让步关系。
核心词汇：radically根本地；激进地 impact影响，冲击
参考译文：然而，人们一般认识到20世纪初计算机的出现，接着是60年代集成电路的发明，从根本上改变了这个过程，尽管其对传媒的影响还未立即显现出来。长难句：The communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been controversial views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications.
结构剖析：本句是一个主从复合句，由but分为两部分，其中but之前的部分结构复杂：主语是The communications revolution,谓语是has influenced,宾语包含两部分，一个是名词词组both work and leisure;一个是从句how we think and feel both about place and time.
核心词汇：leisure休闲，闲暇 implication影响；暗示 controversial有争议的
参考译文：通信革命影响了我们的工作和休闲，也影响了我们对时空的思考方式和感觉。但是对这一革命在经济、政治、社会和文化方面的影响，人们还有争议。长难句：Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.
结构剖析：本句开始是表示原因的从句Because they are adjusting to...,后面是主句teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence...; confidence之后是that引导的定语从句，修饰confidence; that
是定语从句的主语， comes from achieving success and knowing that...是谓语部分，其中knowing后面的that引导一个宾语从句that their accomplishments are admired by others,作knowing的宾语。
核心词汇：adjust to适应 self-conscious (有)自我意识的
a (whole) host of大量，众多 confidence自信
intellectual智力的，知识的 accomplishment成绩，成就
参考译文：因为这些青少年正在适应他们变化的身体和大量新的智力和情感方面的挑战，他们的自我意识特别强烈，需要自信-这种自信来自取得成功，来自知道自己的成绩受人羡慕.
长难句：However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.
结构剖析：本句的主干是the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that...,核心结构是so... that...;在that引导的从句中，主干是it would be wise to plan activities,后面的in which there are more winners than losers是一个定语从句，修饰先行词activities,而句末的三个并列的动名词结构publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork和sponsoring book discussion clubs是对前面activities的具体说明，其中publishing newsletters后面的介词结构with many student-written book reviews作newsletters的定语。
核心词汇：newsletter刊物；内部通讯 artwork艺术品
review评论；复习 sponsor发起；赞助
参考译文：然而，典型的青少年生活方式中已经充满了如此多竞争，以至于策划一些活动，在活动中让胜者多败者少是明智的，例如：出版学生刊物时多发表一些学生写的书评，展示学生创作的艺术品，发起读书讨论俱乐部。
1. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.
2. Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others.
3. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle一class values.
结构剖析：
本段话有三个长难句，我分别标识成1，2，3.第1个长难句是35期内容。第2个长难句的主干是Theories... suggest that... or that...,主语是Theories,后面的分词结构centering on the individual作主语的定语；谓语是suggest,带有两个宾语从句，都由that引导；其中第一个宾语从句是一个复合句，包含一个because引导的原因状语从句。
第3个长难句的主语是Theories ，现在分词结构focusing on the role of society作主语的定语，谓语是suggest ，带有that引导的宾语从句that
children commit crimes ... ，后面的两个介词结构in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status与as a rejection of middle-class values作前面commit crimes的状语，表示青少年犯罪的原因。as的意思是"作为"。
核心词汇：
center on集中于 previous以前的 engage in从事 misdeed错误行为，不端行为
criminal犯罪的；n.罪犯 interaction相互影响，相互作用；交往
penalize惩罚 comnllt crune犯罪 rise above超越
in response to作为对... ...的反应 status地位；身份
failure不能；失败 rejection排斥，拒绝
参考译文：许多有关青少年犯罪(年轻人所犯的罪行)原因的理论或是从个人方面，或是从社会方面去追根溯源。从个人方面寻找原因的理论表明，青少年犯罪是因为对他们以前做错的事惩罚不够，或是他们与别人相互影响，从而学会了犯罪行为。从社会作用方面寻找原因的理论表明，青少年犯罪是对他们不能提升自己的社会经济地位所做出的一种反应，或是对中产阶级价值观念的一种排斥。
长难句：1. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. 结构剖析：1.本句是一个复合句，主干为The American economic system is organized around a ... economy ，其中economy后面的which引导一个定语从句in which consumers largely determine ，修饰economy ；这个定语从句的主语是consumers ，谓语是determine ，后面的宾语从句what shall be produced 是determine的宾语；what shall be produced后面的分词结构by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most 作状语，说明消费者决定应该生产什么产品的方式；句末的定语从句that they want most修饰goods and services 。注意：本句的意思围绕主干中的表语economy 展开，所以阅读时要先抓主干，再理枝叶，层层分析，直到完全理解。
2.本句是一个强调句，主干是It is ... that ... ，被强调的部分有三个：the demand of individual consumers, the desire of businessmen to maximize profits和the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes ，其中coupled with和and起连接作用。在that引导的部分中，determine作谓语，后面的两个从句what shall be produced和how resources are used to produce it都是determine的宾语。
核心词汇:
organized around以... ...为中心；围绕* * ...而组织
orient以... ...为方向；为... ...定位
largely主要地 private-enterprise私人企业的
marketplace市场 market-oriented以市场为导向的
coupled with加上；与... ...相结合 maximize使... ...最大化
desire欲望 resource资源；应付办法
add to增加，添加，补充add up to合计，总计
参考译文：1.美国的经济体系是围绕一个以私有企业和市场导向为主体的经济组织的。在这一体系中，消费者主要通过在市场上花钱购买那些他们最想要的产品和服务来决定厂家应该生产什么样的东西。
2.因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求，加上商人追求利润最大化的欲望和消费者个人对收入最大化的欲望，一起决定了厂家应该生产什么和如何利用资源来进行生产。
长难句：1. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
2. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
结构剖析：1.本句是一个复合句，开始是if引导的一个条件从句，主语是动名词短语producing more of a commodity ，谓语是results in ，宾语是reducing its cost ；主句的主干是this will tend to increase the supply ... ，supply 后面的分词结构offered by seller-producers后置作supply的定语，而句末的which引导一个非限定性定语从句，其中which指的是它前面的整个主句的内容。
2.本句的主干为The concept embraces not only ... but also ... ，其中but also certain rights后面的部分including the right to deternune the price of a product or to make a free contract with an other private individual 修饰certain rights ，补充说明其范围。
核心词汇:
commodity商品 lower降低 result in导致 property财产；性质
ownership所有(权)，所有制 embrace包括；接受；拥抱 productive resources 生产资料
ahead of time提前 all at once突然，同时，一起
参考译文：1.另一方面，如果大量生产某种商品使其成本降低，这就会使销售一生产商提供的供给增加，从而使价格下降，并使更多的消费者能够购买该产品。
2.参考译文：在美国经济中，私有财产这一概念不仅包含生产资料的所有权，还包含某些权力，比如产品价格的决定权，以及和其他个人自由签订合同的权利。长难句： 1. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children-the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great.
2. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.
结构剖析：1.本句的主干在破折号之前，破折号之后的部分解释前面的educational opportunity for all children的具体内容，其中whether引导的让步状语从句使用了虚拟语气(在虚拟语气中用be是美国英语的用法)。to the
1. Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. 【译文】事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。 【析句】这是一个主从复合句，主语是it isn't，省略了表语，完整的说法是it isn't a useful, ground-clearing way to start. because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights是一个表示原因的状语从句，其表语an agreed account of human rights跟了一个定语从句which is something the world doesn't have。注意状语从句中的主语it指代上文的the question，it assumes意思是“这种问题(问法)是假定的”。 【讲词】account一词的正确理解是翻译的关键。an agreed account of human rights意思是“an agreed understanding of human rights”。 agreed意为“一致的”。This is the agreed price at which the stock will be traded.(这是股票交易的约定价格。)They met at the agreed time.(他们按约定时间见面。) 2. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. 【译文】有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在在于社会契约中，是责任与权益相交换的一部分。 【析句】Some philosophers argue是句子的主干，宾语是一个从句，介词短语as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements是rights的后置定语。 【讲词】social contract意为“社会契约”，也可译为“民约论”或“社会契约论”，指社会成员之间或政府与人民之间确定和限制各自权利和义务的协议。 duty意为“义务，职责”，与obligation和responsibility同义。obligation通常指特定原因而产生的具体限制，responsibility强调履行义务，duty指出于道德或伦理的考虑而受到的限制。 entitle的基本意思是“给……题名,给……称号;给予……权利; 使……有资格(做某事)”。 I think she is entitled to praise.(我看她值得赞扬。) The book is entitled Natural Cancer Treatments.(这本书的名称是《癌症自然疗法》。) The civil servants in our country are entitled to free medical care.(我们国家的公务员享受免费医疗。)而entitlements意为“权利”。 3. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans,or with no consideration at all. 【译文】这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。 【析句】主句是It leads the discussion to extremes，at the outset作时间状语。冒号后面的成分是对主句进一步说明，其宾语是一个that引导的从句，而在这个从句中，either…or…是一个介词短语，作方式状语。
下载毙考题APP 免费领取考试干货资料，还有资料商城等你入驻 邀请码：8806 可获得更多福利 2018考研英语长难句解析：每日一句(136) 2015年真题Section I Use of English 第6段第2句 Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to see that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population. 译文：尽管所有的对象都选自欧洲裔的人群，但还是刻意小心确保包括朋友和陌生人在内的所有研究对象都从相同的人群中选取。 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主干结构是：care(主语)+ was taken(谓语)。不定式结构to see+ that引导的宾语从句做目的状语;宾语从句中，主语是all subjects, friends and strangers做all subjects的同位语, were taken做谓语，介词短语from the same population做状语。句首是由Though引导的让步状语从句;从句的主语是all the subjects ，谓语是were drawn，介词短语from…extraction做状语。 词汇指南 drawn[ dr?n](adj.)疲惫的,憔悴的;愁眉苦脸的(超纲词汇)(dra=druɡ-草药，wn=wild-野生的→ 就像晒干的野生草药一样干枯的——引申为疲惫的,憔悴的;愁眉苦脸的。) 考点搭配：drawn-out battle 旷日持久的战争(2012年-阅读4) extraction[ik?str?k??n](n.)提取物，抽样;抽出，拔出(超纲词汇)(2015年-完型)(extract-抽出,拔出;摘录，ion-名词后缀→提取物，抽样;抽出，拔出) 1个派生词： ●extract [iks tr?kt](v.)抽出,拔出;摘录(CET-6、考研词汇)(2008年-阅读4、2015年-完型)(ex-向外，tract-词根,拉扯,抽拉→ 向外拉扯、抽拉出来——即抽出,拔出，引申为摘录。因为所谓摘录就是从整篇文章中所抽出的一部分精华内容。) 考试使用毙考题，不用再报培训班
考研英语（二）长难句讲解 https://www.doczj.com/doc/8215348980.html,lennials wanted more flexibility in their lives, "notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of Youthsight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. 【翻译】青春视野是一家位于英国的品牌公司，它定期对英国青年进行了60天的调查。其副总监（联合董事）Tanya Michelsen在同样可能适用于美国青年的研究发现中指出，“千禧一代希望在生活中有更大的灵活性。” 2.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”，even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. 【翻译】限制高污染汽车驶入某些地区，——如市中心、学区街道等，甚至是个别道路，这一限制措施是因为我们没有付出更大努力来严格执行现有法规和要求汽车公司生产合格车辆。 3.Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork，city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included. 【翻译】马德里（西班牙政府）在治理空气问题上的反复不定，明确提醒人们整个欧洲（在很大程度上也包括英国）为努力治理空气污染所采取的逐个城市拼凑的方式是有其局限性的。
2019考研英语长难句解析(57) ( 2011年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text3 第1段第1句) We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and Growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus. 译文：我们往往把二战后的几十年视作繁荣和发展的时代，数以百万计的士兵回到家乡，靠着政府对退役军人的资助读大学或在婚姻登记处排队办理结婚手续。 分析：本句的主语是We，谓语是tend to think of，宾语是the decades，由as引导的介词短语是该宾语的补足语。decades 后面的现在分词短语immediately following 做后置定语修饰decades ，time后的介词短语of 则是修饰time的后置定语。本句的第二部分是with引导的伴随状语，该伴随状语由with soldiers returning ，going and lining 组成。本句的难点在于对think of as 这一结构以及伴随状语中三个并列部分的理解。 词汇指南 tend [tend](v.)走向,趋向;倾向;照料,看护(CET-4)(t=to-去，end-末端,尽头朝末端去、伸展即走向,趋向，引申为倾向;照料,看护。) 考点搭配：tend to 倾向于(2008年-阅读1) 1个派生词： ●tendency [ tend?nsi](n.)趋势,趋向;倾向(CET-4)(2010年-阅读3)(ency-名词后缀) marriage[ m rid?](n.)结婚,婚姻;婚礼(中考词汇)(marri=marry-结婚，age-抽象名词后缀结婚,婚姻;婚礼) 3个扩展词： ●marry [ m ri](vt.)娶,嫁(vi.)结婚(中考词汇)(2006年-阅读1)(mar=march-三月，r-双写，y-名
考研英语长难句经典例子解析 来源：文都图书 考研英语的长难句在广大考生心中一直是一个超级大难点，数不清的生词，看不明白的句型和混乱的时态都让考生脑袋大了不止一圈儿，所以今天这篇文章就和大家分享一下攻克长难句的技巧。以《考研英语长难句解密》中的一句超长的长难句为例。 【经典长难句】 The increase in numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of house work and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. 【词汇突破】 have to do with…与…有关 Economic necessity 经济需求 pool of single women workers 单身女工的资源 high marriage rates 高结婚率 【参考译文】20世纪，在家庭外被雇佣的女性人数增加了，这与其说是由于家务活的机器化和闲暇时间的增加，还不如说是由于女性自身的经济需求和由于高结婚率。正是高结婚率减少了单身女工劳动力资源的数量，而在这之前很多情况下，她们是雇主们会雇佣的唯一女性。 像书中的解句顺序一样，攻克长难句首先应该拿下句中的生词和短语，这是基础，是盖房所需的砖瓦，然后再攻克句法，拿下房屋结构，这样再对照参考译文，以前觉得很难的长难句就“柳暗花明又一村”了。希望大家首先消除内心对长难句的恐惧心理，静下心来好好分析，好好学习，争取早日拿下长难句，拿下考研英语！加油！
2019考研英语：长难句解析（97）_毙考题 考研英语的复习从来不是一朝一夕的事儿，尤其是对于那些八百年没看过英语的同学来说!所以，从今天起，长难句基础搞起来~下面， 毙考题小编将会继续为大家整理一些重点的长难句解析，以前的内容也要多加巩固啊!老铁们~ ( 2009年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text 1 第3段第2句) In fact, the more new things we try the more we step outside our comfort zone the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives. 译文：实际上，我们尝试的新事物越多离自己的舒适区越远我们在工作中和生活中的内在创造力就越大。 分析：本句的句式结构是the more the more 。主句为the more inherently creative we become，the more new things we try是条件状语从句。这个结构的句式运用了倒装，主句的自然语序应为we becomemore inherently creative，所以该句是倒装的主语(we)+系动词(become)+表语(creative) 结构。 词汇指南 step[step](n.)脚步;步伐;步骤(v.)跨(步);踏(脚)(中考词汇)(笔者认为，step一词具有拟声色彩，其发音似脚踩踏地面的声音脚步;步伐，引申为步骤。) 1个扩展词： ●overstep [,o?v?r`step ](v.)踏过,逾越;超出的限度(超纲词汇)(2013年-阅读4)(over-超越,在上面，step-脚步脚步从上面越过即踏过,逾越，引申为超出的限度。) comfort [ k?mf?t](n.)安慰,慰藉;舒适(vt.)安慰,慰藉;使舒适(高考词汇)(2009年-阅读1)(com-共同,一起;完全，fort-由force-力量和heart内心组合而来一种能够完全平复人心灵的力量即安慰,慰藉，引申为舒适。)
考研英语长难句解析 长难句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Stre et Bank ruling. (2010 Text2) 难句分析 主句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order 主语谓语宾语 宾语从句1 that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges 从属连词主语谓语宾语 宾语从句2 that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its 从属连词主语定语从句系动词表语从句
本句为多重复合句，句子主干为The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order，stating that...and that...现在分词短语作宾语order的后置定语，说明order的内容。其中stating后面由and并列两个that引导的宾语从句，从句1中由并列连词rather than并列两个名词短语all 12 of th e court’s judges和a typical panel of three，作by的宾语。从句2中主语one issue后面是省略引导词that的定语从句，表语是whether引导的表语从句。
第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析 1．简单句、并列句、复合句 从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性：定语从句 副词性：状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式 2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构 英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。 1.省略句 资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine. Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。 省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。 省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略 材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002） 分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with 做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected. 练习：1. The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. (主语the reasons) 2.He majors in English, and I, in French. (谓语major ) 3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay. (省略主谓) B：状语从句中的省略 规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略主谓。See 材料48页1. 让步状语从句2 时间状语从句 3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind. (条件状语从句) 4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing. (方式状语从句) 5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. （比较）真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun. 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body. 介词except引起的短语作
考研英语阅读真题经典长难句必背 阅读命题常针对长难句。所以很有必要熟悉长难句的种类以及它们各自的重点。今天先介绍长难句的把握方法，再给出一些典型的句子，建议熟读甚至背诵，以做到考试时碰到类似句子就能抓住重点。 一、长难句一般应对策略 1.从句又多又长：一个主句带多个从句，从句中又含有从句 应对方法：先抓主干，找出复杂句中最核心的主谓宾，再层层展开 2.句子中带有长长的插入成分：用插入语来交代某句话是谁说的或者是说话人的身份，或解释、说明前面的内容 应对方法：理解句子主干时，先不理会插入语，等把主句的意思看完整，然后再看插入成分 3. 分词短语、独立主格结构的干扰 应对方法：主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是独立的谓语部分。一个看似句子的结构，如果没有独立的谓语部分，它就不是句子，而是分词短语、独立主格结构等，可以先跳过不看 4. 三种情况的混合 应对方法：从前向后，抓住独立的谓语部分，从而区分出主句和分词状语，再根据主句与从句之间的连接词，区分出主句和从句，层层扩展理解，插入语在哪个层次，就放在哪个层次理解 二、特殊句型 对于特殊句型，如虚拟语气，可以将其理解成一种反事实假设，也就是作者的观点和态度与之相反。对于分隔结构而言，其主干一般在破折号、逗号和定语从句之外，阅读时可以先跳过修饰成分。对于关联结构，要学会寻找第二部分，因为第二部分有时是句子的重点。如在not…but…之中，重点在but…之后。 三、具体句子 1、复合句 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded
句子一： For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是并列句they do not compensate for..., and thus do not tell... 2) how able是表语前置，正常语序是：an underprivileged youngster might have been how able 3)最后一个句子是虚拟语气句的倒装结构：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等于If he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 第三、词的处理： hey 指示代词，测试 compensate for 弥补 gross social inequality 明显的社会不公 and thus 因此 ell 说明 underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件差的
1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中，that做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields 是状语），possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。 译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。 2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison. 结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure…。since引导原因状语从句the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引导的宾语从句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词with+which引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our subjects 修饰先行词the scale。scale在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”。 译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。 精品文档
历年考研英语真题长难句解析
历年考研英语真题长难句解析 1. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. 【译文】这不是昙花一现。在过去几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预测水平。 【析句】这是一个并列句，前后用分号隔开两个子句，是递进关系。在第一句中，no可以用not a代替。在后一个句子中，inflation 是主语，lower是谓语系动词的表语， than expected和in Britain and America，以及前面的over the past couple of years都是介词短语作状语。 【讲词】a flash in the pan意为"昙花一现的人或事"。Many people believe that the young singer is a flash in the pan.(许多人认为那位歌手红不了多久。) When I first heard the news,I too dismissed it as a flash in the pan.(我一开始听到这个消息时，也认为这事长不了。) 2. Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States,since conventional measures suggest that both economies,and especially America's,have little productive slack. 【译文】经济学家对英美两国有利的通胀率感到特别诧异，因为传统的计量方法表明两国经济，特别是美国经济几乎没有生产萧条的时
1.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore—and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. 2.Foreigners who understand the degree to which Americans are imbued with the notion that the free, self-reliant individual is the ideal kind of human being will be able to understand many aspects of American behavior and thinking that otherwise might not make sense. 3. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trust worthy and reliable. 4. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician -assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good o ne that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. (2002, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text4) 5. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. (2007, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4) 6. He points out that he always expected much difficulty in expressing himself
历年考研英语真题长难句解析(五) 13.But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. 句子主干：But he talked as well about …, and he announced that… 语法难点：该句没有从句结构，而是由and连接的两个并列成分构成。用would是因为表达了某人的主观态度和意愿。 句子翻译：但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要努力保持均衡这一问题。他宣布公司将尽力对可能招致大众反对的音乐制定各种发行和标识的标准 翻译技巧：虽然没有从句结构，但是由于句子太长，有众多的修饰成分，所以建议还是拆为两句较好。 14.Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. 句子主干：Average inflation…fell to a mere…, close to its…, before 语法难点：有省略。 close to分句是非限定性定语从句，省略了which was.Before后面的成分是对全句的补充说明，是状语成分。状语成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并无定规。之所以用rising,是因为这里需要一个名次性的结构the inflation which was,这样显得简洁得多。 句子翻译：七大工业国家的通货膨胀率去年下降到了2.3%,接近30年来最低水平，今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%,比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了很多。 翻译技巧：the big seven industrial economies是指西方七大工业国。close to是靠近的意思。fall to是跌落至……的意思。 15.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America''s, have little productive slack. 句子主干：Economists have been…surprised by…and…, since…, and especially…, have … 语法难点：主句用现在完成时have been…是因为经济学家长时间以来关注，现在也在关注，是一个从过去持续到现在的动作。Since引导的是表原因的状语从句。 句子翻译：特别让经济学家感到诧异的是，英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果，因为传统的分析方法表明，两国尤其是美国的经济生产几乎没有出现滑坡。 翻译技巧：favorable表示的是非常好的，不是非常喜欢的，与个人取向没有关系。productive slack是生产滑坡的意思。 句子翻译：这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。 翻译技巧：in every relevant respect译成各相关方面，不要把respect 译成尊重；extremists为极端主义者；let outside the area of moral choice译成不在道德范围内，不关乎道德.
1. Looking beyond the 10-year period，the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States. 在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3 000种本地植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。 2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration，because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations. 野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。 3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits：it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics；can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have；can improve the nutritional value of products；and can produce cheaper and more environmentally friendly fertilizers. 转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点；它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征；可以改进食物的营养价值；可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。 4. What makes this debate unique is that every meal we eat is at its very core. And that fact means one thing：it ‘s an issue to be discussed not only around policy tables，but dinner tables. 使这场辩论不同一般的是：我们吃的每顿饭都成为争论的中心。而且，这个事实意味着一件事：这不仅是政策制定会上应该讨论的问题，而且是饭桌上要讨论的问题。 5.“Contact us before writing your application”or“Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”is how it is usually expressed. “写申请前同我们联系”，“利用我们多年的经验来准备你的学历或工作经历”，这种广告经常这样宣传。 6. There is no doubt，however，that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae. 但是，毫无疑问，正是由于在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加，使得简历更加重要。 7. Other goals of the interview are：to answer questions successfully，obtain any additional information needed to make a decision，accent your special strengths，establish a positive relationship，show confidence，and to sell yourself. 参加面试其他的目标包括：成功地回答问题，为做决定获得更多信息，强调自己的特殊优势，建立良好的关系，表达自己的信心，推销自己。 8. Based on these goals，place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories：company data，personal data，and specific job data. 在明确这些目标的基础上，将自己设想为面试你的人，在以下三个方面为自己设想出一些问题以及这些问题的答案：公司数据信息，个人信息，有关某份工作的特定信息。 9. Since the interview will center on you，proper self-management process is divided into four stages：the before stage，the greeting stage，the consultation stage，and the departure stage.