【1】
Although some experiments shows（谓语）that, 【as an object becomes familiar】（插入语）, its internal representation becomes more holistic and recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.
【难句类型】：复杂修饰、插入语、省略
【解析】在Although引导的分句中，谓语shows后面跟着一个长长的宾语从句，从句中先出现一个插入语as an object becomes familiar,之后的内容是由and 连接的两套并列的主谓宾。其实and前后就是两个句子，只不过作者省略了后面的句子中与前面相同的引导词that和谓语become。
句子中有一个生词holistic，其实即使不认识，也能用合理化原则猜出它是后面serial的反义词、parallel的同义词，大约是统一、完整或同时的意思；其实只要能理解到其是与serial相反的意思即可。
【翻译】：虽然某些实验表明，随着一个物体变得熟悉起来，其内心再现图像亦更具整体感，辨认过程相应地更趋于平行，但证据的砝码似乎在支持序列假设（serialhypothesis），至少是对于那些不甚简单、不甚熟悉的物体来说。
【2】
If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was diffic ult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness o f your speech to compensate for the effect.
【解析】该句为主从复合句。句首为if引导的条件状语从句，句子主干为you may have noticed that …and that …，其宾语由and连接的两个that引导的宾语从句构成。
【翻译】：如果你坐在喷气式飞机的后部，首先你会注意到进行谈话是多么困难，最终，你不得不提高音量来抵消噪音的影响。
【3】 Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things hap pen and thus originated 【the method of controlled experiment】 which now forms th e basis of scientific investigation.
【解析】该句为主从复合句，when引导时间状语从句。从句的主干是Galileo began trying to explain … and thus originated the method，句末which引导
定语从句，修饰先行词the method of controlled experiment。
【翻译】：当伽利略试图解释事情如何得以发生的，从而引入了现在已是科学研究基本形式的控制实验法时，现代科学应运而生了。
【4】【Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks】, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilan ce, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind (e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).
【解析】该句为主从复合句。主句为Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks,
have effects on sth 意为“对什么有影响”。If引导条件状语从句，其主干为one is performing a watch keeoing task, that引导的定语从句修饰a watch keeping task。该定语从句的主干为that (a watch keeping task) requires vigilance，in which引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰名词vigilance。
【翻译】：在某些任务的工作过程中，噪声会造成意想不到的危害。例如，一个人正执行一件需要高度警惕的观察工作，负责检测某种弱信号（如，观察雷达屏幕上飞行器的出现）。
【5】 Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effe cts can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the moder n scientist than to Thales who first looked into the nature of the electrification of amb er, a hard yellowish-brown gum.
【解析】该句为分号连接的两个并列句。第二个分句又是but连接的两个并列分句，其中but后的分句的主干是
no more is known to the modern scientist than to Thales，介词短语of their nature做后置定语，修饰no more，who引导的定语从句做后置定语，限制修饰Thales。【翻译】：科学无法真正解释电、磁及重力；我们可以测量并推断其效应，但对于其本质的了解，没有哪位现代科学家能够超越琥珀（一种坚硬的黄褐色橡胶）带电的首位研究者泰利斯。
【6】
As an increasing number of traffic regulation schemes are devised, the poor bewildere
d driver finds himself diverted and forced into one-way systems which caus
e even gre ater delays than the traffic jams they are supposed to prevent.
【解析】该句为主从复合句。句首为as引导的时间状语从句，主干为the poor bewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced …，其中包含“find oneself +过去分词”结构，意为“发现自己（处于某状态）”。Which引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰先行词one-way systems。
【翻译】：当越来越多的交通管理方案出台时，晕头转向的司机发现可怜的自己被迫转进了一条单行道，这样耽误的时间超过了他们所避免的交通拥堵时间。
【7】
The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’ s nor mal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention .
【解析】分号前是一个简单句；分号后的句子中含有because 引导的原因状语从句，其主干结构是there was…and (there was) thus no hope…，thus表明了句中的因果关系，for…是时间状语。
【译文】：迄令为止批准的最长的延期授给了乔治?瓦伦西，他1939年的彩色电视接收机电路系统的专利被延长至1971年，因为在该专利的大部分有效期里根本没有彩色电视节目，因此该发明没有获利的希望
【8】
Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conductin g a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any othe r inventor’ s right is to plagiarize a dead patent.
【解析】这一句可简化为patent experts advise anyone … that…也就是“专利专家建议人们……”。现在分词结构wishing…live patents作anyone的后置定语；that 后的从句是advise的直接宾语。
【译文】：专利专家经常向希望避开使用有效专利的高昂代价的人们建议，避免侵犯任何其他发明者权利的一个万无一失的办法就是剽窃一个已经失效的专利。
【9】 The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the nece
ssary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenom ena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
【解析】本题考核的知识点是：含否定词的肯定表示方法，被动句译成主动句这是一个由分号连接的并列句。主干是
The method is nothing but…; it is simply the mode…这个句子从两个方面对
the method of scientific investigation(科学研究的方法)进行了论述。分号后面的it 即是指第一句的主语The method of scientific investigation。两个分句的主干都是主系表结构。
后半句的mode后有一个介词前置的定语从句by which…修饰，可译作“用以……的方法”，定语从句中包含有两个被动语态：are reasoned… and given…, 在这里，我们可以用“对……进行，对……给予”的句型翻译这两个被动语态。nothing but和simply所表达的口气相似，都意为“只不过、就是，只是”。
注意nothing but不表示否定。类似的词组短语还有: but that+从句意为“若不是”；anything but意为“根本不”；all but 意为“几乎，差一点”；but for 意为“要不是”等等。词汇方法：working意为“活动”而不是“工作”。expression在这里意为“表达”。reason作动词时意为“推理”，“思索”。
【译文】：科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。
【10】
In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be m ost precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted ca nnot be well defined.
【解析】本题考核的知识点：状语从句的翻译和句子间的对比。
该句由两个并列的主从复合句构成：the tests work most effectively when…and least effectively when…。两个分句由and 连接，and 之后的分句承前省略了主语和谓语the tests work。两个when都引导了时间状语从句，翻译时应置于主语之前。第二个状语从句中的主语是what 引导的名词性从句：what is to be measured or predicted，意为“被测定和被预测的东西”。
词汇方面：work在这里意马心猿为“起作用”的意思；qualities是指被测人的素质；define意为“下定义，界定”。
【译文】：一般地说，当被测定的特征能够被很准确的界定时，测试最为有效；
而当被测定或被预测的东西不能够被明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。
30. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. 解析：该句的主干是The goal … will be to try to explain...，explain后接的是双宾语，即explain to sb. sth.，直接宾语是that引导的从句。该从句的主干是there are not two theories for...，其中origin和evolution，universe和life都是and连接的并列名词。 词汇：unenlightened adj. 无知的，不文明的 valid adj.有效的 evolution n. 进化，发展 译文：所有（这些书）的目的是试图告诉那些迷惑不解且常常头脑不开化的普通百姓：就宇宙和生命的起源与发展问题而言，不可能存在两种同样成立的科学理论。 31. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions, for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 【分析】在这个主从复合句中，while引导的从句由两个部分组成，中间用and 连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容，做为插入语。注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。it isn't clear … is injured是主句，主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的 从句，they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability是主体，之后是一个if引导的条件从句。 【词汇】interaction 相互作用 federal 联邦 regulation法规 protect…from…保护…以免 liability 责任(be liable for对…负责) 【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提 出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。 32. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC ——including ordinary listeners and viewers to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping. 【分析】主句是The debate was launched by the Government，后面是which引导的非限定性 定语从句，谓语部分比较特殊，是invited…sb. to say …破折号后面是anyone with an opinion of the BBC的解释说明。say后面是两个宾语从句，一个是what引导，一个是whether 引导。【词汇】launch 发起 viewer观众
历届高考英语长难句100句精选(1) 1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇） 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. （NMET2003.E篇） 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. （NMET2003.E篇） 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. （NMET2003.E篇） 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。 简析：关键词other than而不是。 5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. （NMET2003.D篇）
2012年考研英语长难句翻译六大技巧 2012年的英语考研大纲与2011年的相比没有大变化。阅读理解部分的翻译仍是一块分量很重的考察内容。其实掌握了翻译的解题技巧，翻译就成了最好拿分的一个题型。因为翻译题型主要考察两点：词汇和长难句。而翻译题型的词汇一般是认识的，最主要的一点就是碰到最难翻译的长句该怎么办？ 从近些年的真题中，我们发现命题者有一个非常清楚的或者非常明显的趋势和导向，就是对于比较复杂的句子结构和文章考察的比重加大。这个体现在各个部分的题型当中，尤其以英译汉部分最为明显。所以想要抓住获得高分的“核心竞争力”就要着重提高对文章长难句和段落逻辑结构的把握上，再加上一定的应试技巧和策略，才能在考研英语中取得高分。万学海文提醒大家要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异，将英语的长句分解翻译成汉语的短句，这样翻译做起来就容易得分多了。 在英语长句的翻译过程中，下面六个技巧可以发挥很大的作用： (1) 逆序法 英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉，即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。 例如： It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice。
历届高考英语长难句100 句精选 1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.（NMET2003.C篇） 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难， 包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理 工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.（NMET2003.E篇） 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的 人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求 主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. （NMET2003.E 篇） 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身， 印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。
1. For example adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 【句式翻译】例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。 【句式分析】本句是一个含有so引导的结果状语从句的复合句，同时又含一 个than引导的比较状语从句。 【词语点拨】1)likely adj. 可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that… 可能做…… He’s very likely to send me an email tonight. =It’s very likely that he’ll send me an email tonight. 很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。 The com pany is likely to set up a branch in our city. =It’s likely that the company will set up a branch in our city. 这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。 2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解 I can’t follow these instructions -- they don’t make sense. 我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。 We read the sentence through but could not make sense of it. 我们我们把句子看了一遍但不明白它说些什么。 3) appeal to吸引；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于 Blue and red appeal to me but I don’t like gray or yellow. 我喜欢蓝色和红色而不喜欢灰色或黄色。 Jack sincerely appealed to his friends to support him. 杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。 We can appeal to the website for the information we need. 我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。 【语法点拨】本句中的than any other…，意为“比其他任何一个……”，谈 论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。如： China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何国家都大。 2. The more exposed young people are to financial issues and the younger they become aware of them the more likely they are to become responsible forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively. 【句式翻译】年轻人越接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为 有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。 【句式分析】本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时又含有一个who引导的限制 性定语从句，修饰先行词adults。 【词语点拨】1) expose vt.揭露；使暴露；be exposed to暴露于；接触 We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers. 我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。 We should allow children to be exposed to new ideas.
考研英语长难句翻译之四大状语从句 状语从句时考研翻译中很重要的一部分，几乎涉及到每一个长难句，所以我们有必要把状语从句单独拿出来解决。一般来讲状语从句的翻译相对简单，顺着句子的顺序去翻译就好了，但我们有时候还是会发现有些问题不是很好处理。 首先我们先看一下状语从句的特点。1.一般情况下，引导英语状语从句的从属连词，基本可以在汉语中找到相对应关联词，但有时不必翻译，因为引导汉语状语分句的关联词时常省略，有近50%的汉语复句中并不使用关联词语而且省略关联词的汉语句子更为精练。 2.英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活，置于主句之前或主句之后均可。汉语状语分句一般位于主句之前，只有偶尔才位于主句之后。 这是在翻译状语从句时总体来讲应该注意的问题，下面我们从状语从句的几个分支分别来看一下翻译。 (一)时间状语从句的翻译 1、译成与汉语完全对应的表示时间的状语 例：When they approached Trenton, lights were still burning in many of the houses and Christ mas parties were still going on. 当他们逼近屈兰敦时, 许多房子里仍然灯火通明，圣诞晚会还未结束。 由于英汉语言表达的习惯差异，通常汉语的状语从句位于句首，而英语的状语从句可前可后, 以后为多。汉语是一种意合的语言，汉语句子较少使用关联词。 2、翻译成固定(常规)句型 一般像由hardly (scarcely)…. when (before)…no sooner…than…as soon as …the moment(the instant )…just as…等短语连词引导的时间状语从句翻译成汉语时, 主句与从句通常要互换, 常常译成包含"刚(一)……就……"这种结构的句子。同样，包含该结构的汉语句子亦应翻译成英语中相对应的固定句式。 例：计算机刚一启动，就发现有病毒。 Hardly had the computer started working when viruses were found. As soon as she heard the news, she fainted. 3、译成并列分句 例：I was going home when I met Mary. 我正要回家, 就在这个时候，我碰到了玛丽。 4、转译为其他状语从句 英语状语从句有时它们的深层意义互相渗透，可以互相替换，需要转译。有些时间状语从句虽然形式上是由表示时间的引导词(如 when, before, until 等)引导，但根据句子逻辑意义来判断，应灵活翻译成表因果关系的从句，或者翻译为表条件的状语从句或表目的的状语从句。
历年高考英语长难句100例大汇总（上） 1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，虽然几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎;overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。 简析：关键词other than而不是。 5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. 这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。 简析：关键词term术语。 6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves. 它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。 简析：比喻生动形象。 7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words. 大众传播媒介和政府白皮书(正式报告)在外国词传播过程中起重要作用。 简析：关键词the mass media and government white papers大众传播媒介和政府白皮书(正式报告)。
高考英语-经典长难句解析及翻译 7. 2018年全国Ⅰ卷，阅读理解D篇 The team' s data only went up to2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. 生词： function n. 功能 tablet n. 平板电脑 第一步：有并列结构（but） 第二部：分析主干和定状 The team' s data（主语）only（小状）went（谓语）up to 2007（小状）， the researchers（主语）also explored（谓语）what would happen（宾语）if consumers replaced old products with new electronics（状语，从句）that serve more than one function （定语）, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing（同位语）. 第三步： 根据状语倒序前置，定语倒序前置的翻译方法，我们可也把这句话翻译为： “这个团队的数据截止到2007年”
“如果消费者用不止一个功能的新电器，比如可以处理文字并且看电视的平板，来取代老的产品，研究者们也弄清楚了将会发生什么事情。” 第四步：合并并列结构并翻译： “这个团队的数据截止到2007年。但是，如果消费者用不止一个功能的新电器，比如可以处理文字并且看电视的平板，来取代老的产品，研究者们也弄清楚了将会发生什么事情。” Get busy living or get busy dying 6. 2018年全国Ⅰ卷，阅读理解D篇 According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. 生词： analysis n. 分析 cathode ray tubes 阴极射线管 consumption n. 消耗 第一步：没有并列结构 第二部：分析主干和定状 According to the analysis（状1，分词短语）of Babbitt's team（状2，介词短语）, old desktop monitors and box TVs（主语）with cathode ray tubes（定语）are（系）the worst devices
掌门1对1教育高中英语 历年高考英语长难句精选100句(51-75) 51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.(NMET2003.31) 新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败,没有达成协议。 简析：关键词break down失败，reach an agreement达成协议。 52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.(NMET2003.34) 这对老年夫妇结婚40年了，两人从来没有一次争吵。 简析：含主谓倒装句。 53. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.(NMET2003) 要记住的是，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。 简析：含比较级句型。 54.As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 —and Ed was leading.(NMET2003) 就在我们比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是9比1，结果比分反而是7比9，伊德暂时领先。 简析：关键词figure on预计，估计;in one’s favor对某人有利。 55.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered
1. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。【析句】句子的主干是The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Science s to tell us that...and that...。主系表容易辨认，to tell us作目的状语，两个并列的that引导tell的宾语从句。令整个句子略显复杂的是插入语enlisted by the Whi te House，割裂了这句话的整体性。 2. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions. (2005. 阅读. Text 2) 【译文】但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，关键是我们的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时，应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据。【析句】首先，句子的主干science does provide us...future and it is critica l...。and连接两个并列的句子，前句是个简单句，容易理解；后句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，因为从句很长，若放在句首，句子则显得头重脚轻。t hat主语从句中，our nation and the world 是主语，base是谓语，important policies是宾语，on the best judgments 是宾语补足语，而judgments后有that引导的定语从句。注意，concerning the futrue...actions中的concerning此处是介词，意为“关于，就……而论”。 3. Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. (2005. 阅读. T ext 2) 【译文】就像吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断地排放气体。【析句】句子的主干是voices now come from many quarters,insiting that...,that... 中，insisting是现在分词作定语，相当于that insist; 两个that引导的都是宾语从句，作insist的宾语。第二个that从句中，还包含until引导的时间状语从句。 1. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in
第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析 1．简单句、并列句、复合句 从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性：定语从句 副词性：状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式 2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构 英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。 1.省略句 资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine. Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。 省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。 省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略 材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002） 分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with 做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected. 练习：1. The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. (主语the reasons) 2.He majors in English, and I, in French. (谓语major ) 3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay. (省略主谓) B：状语从句中的省略 规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略主谓。See 材料48页1. 让步状语从句2 时间状语从句 3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind. (条件状语从句) 4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing. (方式状语从句) 5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. （比较）真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun. 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body. 介词except引起的短语作
历年高考英语长难句100例大汇总 1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，虽然几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎;overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。
2015年高考英语试题中长难句翻译与解析 1. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part--particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables--was a 7 a.m. a dventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. （全国I卷B篇） 【译文】游泳，品酒以及欣赏粉红色的落日（一般在傍晚时分，而不是下午四点）把整个周末填的满满的，但精彩的部分也是让我最中意的是上午7点的萨拉索塔市农贸市场的一次历险，尤其是被数月寒天块根蔬菜弄得生活沉闷之后，这次探索之旅证明早起还是值得的。 【背景知识】Sarasota（萨拉索塔市）位于美国佛罗里达州的西南海岸线，濒临墨西哥湾，人口60余万，北邻海牛县，南靠夏洛特县，与两县共同构成佛罗里达州第七大市场和商业繁盛区。萨市文化底蕴深厚，是世界著名的“马戏城”和“艺术都会”，因马戏而建城，演员剧团演出的百老汇歌剧蜚声全美。 最适宜人居之家园。萨拉索塔市位于墨西哥湾海岸线，碧水围城，绿色遍地，四季常绿植物和灌木丛座拥这座海上城市，空气清新，气候冬暖夏凉。高雅的芭蕾舞和百老汇歌剧给萨拉索塔市笼上了神秘的艺术色彩，装点着市民的休闲生活。户外活动丰富多彩，高尔夫、游艇、划船、网球、滑水等应有尽有，萨市因此被誉为“探索者的天堂”。在萨市参观，街道干净整洁，房屋多为别墅，间距合理，错落有致，整个城市风格铺展着一幅南美风情的特有画卷。白色的沙滩、精湛的艺术、一流的商场、旖旎的自然风光和宜人的气候, 使萨市成为美国最适宜居住的15个城市之一，是众多游客向往的度假休闲目的地。 【考查】25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile? A. Having a swim. B. Breathing in fresh air. C. Walking in the morning sun. D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.【D】 【词汇解析】be to one’s taste 适合某人口味；合某人得意root vegetables 块根类蔬菜 The early wake-up call 早醒电话；叫早电话（尤其在宾馆、酒店常有这种服务） 2. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness de epened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly-opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where-- luckily for me-- I was planning to have dinner that very night. （全国I卷B篇）【译文】虽然那些新鲜柔嫩的西红柿让我欣喜，但当我了解到一个新开张的饭馆Jack Dusty供应商就是Brown’s Grove Farm时，我更加开心不已，因为幸运的是那家饭馆就是我们打算那晚在萨拉索塔市的丽丝卡尔顿大酒店the Sarasota Ritz Carlton就餐的地方。 【背景知识】丽丝卡尔顿（Ritz Carlton）是一个高级酒店及度假村品牌，现时拥有超过70个酒店物业，分布在24戈国家的主要城市。The Ritz Carlton在国际高档酒店业，被公认为首屈一指的超级品牌。 【考查】27. What was the author going to that evening? A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel. C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables. 【C】 【词汇解析】Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when... 本句是as 引导的让步状语从句，表语部分delighted前置。意为“尽管看到那些西红柿我很高兴不已，但...时我的幸福感大增。”supplier 供应商newly-opened新开张（业）的