《光现象、透镜及其应用》专题训练
『考点指津』
本专题为光现象、透镜及其应用，知识掌握基本要求：
了解光的色散；了解光的三原色；了解不可见光──红外线、紫外线常识性应用；知道光在均匀介质中沿直线传播、能解释相关的光现象；知道光的反射定律；知道平面镜成像特点；了解虚像的概念；知道折射光线与入射光线的位置关系；知道凸透镜的焦点、焦距和主光轴；知道凸透镜的会聚作用和凹透镜的发散作用；知道凸透镜成放大、缩小的实像和成虚像的条件；知道照相机、幻灯机、放大镜的工作原理。
中考命题热点：
光的色散说明了什么；不同颜色物体透光和反射光的特点；红外线热效应大、紫外线能使荧光物质感光；根据光的反射规律和平面镜成像特点作图；利用光的光的直线传播、光的反射、平面镜成像解释简单现象；根据凸透镜、凹透镜的三条特殊光线画光路；根据光的折射规律画光路图；凸透镜成像规律的应用。
『练习测试』
一、填空题
1．电影、幻灯银幕是用粗糙的白布做成，其优点在于：—是利用使剧场里各处的观众均能看到画面；二是白布能反射颜色的光，使观众能看到色彩正常的画面。
2．人在河岸上观察到水中有白云，这是由于光的现象造成的；如果观察水中的鱼，所看到的鱼的位置要比它的实际位置（选填“深些”或“浅些”），这是由于光的现象造成。
3．水平桌面上放着一块平面镜，一只小球沿桌面向平面镜滚去，结果人从平面镜中观察到小球的像是竖直向下运动的．由此可知，平面镜与桌面的夹角是度。
4．有一种液面微变监视器，基本结构原理如图3-1所示：光发射器始终以一定角度向被监视的液面发射一细束光；光束经液面反射，其反射光被水平放置的平面光电转换器接收；光电转换器将光信号转换为电信号并通过显示器显示出来。若反射到光电转换器接收平面上的光点从S1点移向S2点，则表明被监视的液面是（选填“上升”或“下降”）；当液面升降高度一定时，接收平面上的光点S1和S2之间的距离与接收平面到液面的距离有没有关系？答。（选填“有”或“没有”）
5．如图3-2，MM′是空气和水的分界面，光从空气射到水面时既发生反射也发生折射。由图可知，A0是光线，OB是光线，OC是光线，∠N′0C是角。
6．有一条南北走向的河，两岸风景如画，上午七八点钟的时候，某同学想用照相机拍一张带有水中倒影的风景照片，那么该同学应站在河的岸（选填“东”或“西”）拍摄，这一选择是根据光的规律而作出的。
二、选择题
7．如图所示，一只大熊猫正抱着一根竹子在镜前欣赏自己的像。此时，它从镜中看到的自身像应该是图中的（）
8．如图3-3所示，用手电筒对着平面镜中的像照射时，观察到像比原来亮多了，其原因是（）
A．光射到像上，所以像变亮了
B．光反射到物体上，物体变亮了，所以像也变亮了
C．光使整个空间变亮了，更便于观察像，所以像变亮了
D．光使镜子更明亮了，所成的像也就变亮了
9．在照相机中，胶卷（底片）相对于镜头的位置，下列说法中正确的是（）
A．一定在大于镜头2倍焦距的地方
B．一定在大于镜头焦距、小于镜头2倍焦距的范围内
C．一定在小于镜头焦距的地方
D．胶片与镜头的距离没有限制，可以任意调节
10．如图3-4是一种被称之为“七仙女”的神奇玻璃酒杯，空杯时什么也看不见，斟上酒，杯底立即显现出栩栩如生的仙女图。下列对仙女图形成原因的探讨，正确的是（）
A．可能是酒具有化学显影作用
B．可能是酒的液面反射，在酒中出现放大的像
C．可能是图片在杯底凸透镜焦点处成放大的像
D．可能是斟酒后杯底凸透镜焦距变大，使图片在一倍焦距以内
11．如图3-5，用自制的针孔照相机观察烛焰，有以下四种说法：①薄膜上出现烛焰的像是倒立的；
②薄膜上烛焰的像是放大的也可能是缩小的；③保持小孔和烛焰的距离不变，向后拉动内筒，增加筒长，烛焰的像变大；④保持小孔和烛焰的距离不变，向前推动内筒，烛焰的像更明亮，这四种说法中正确的是（）
A．①②③④
B．①③④
C．①②③
D．③④
12．蜡烛处在凸透镜前2倍焦距以外，光屏上观察到清晰的像。若将蜡烛向透镜移近一些（距离仍大于2倍焦距），要想再次观察到清晰的像，下列所述做法和观察到的像的情况正确的是（）
A．将光屏稍远离透镜一些，观察到的像比原来的像稍大些
B．将光屏稍远离透镜一些，观察到的像比原来的像稍小些
C．将光屏稍移近透镜一些，观察到的像比原来的像稍大些
D．将光屏稍移近透镜一些，观察到的像比原来的像稍小些
三、作图题
13．平面镜、凸透镜、凹透镜都可以使一细束光的光路发生如图3-6的改变，请在图3-7（A）（B）（C）中分别画出示意图，
14．如图3-8中，MM′是两种介质的分界面，P是一个物点，P′是P的像点，图中画出了由P点射向界面的两条光线，请画出这两条光线进入另一种介质的折射光线。
四、实验与探究题
15．一束平行光线经凸透镜折射后的传播方向如图3-9（a）所示，由图可知，此透镜的焦距大小约为_________cm；若将一烛焰放在此凸透镜左侧2cm处，如图（b），则透过透镜可以看到一个_________、___________的虚像。
16．假期到了，公园里游人如织，其中四位游客在同一地点，分别用不同型号的甲、乙、丙、丁相机（焦距不同），对着同一景物一亭子各拍了一张照片，如图3-10A、B、C、D所示。我们可以判定：照片是用甲拍摄的，照片是用丙拍摄的，照片是用丁拍摄的，照片是用乙拍摄的。
17．寻找“往日之光”
在科幻小说《往日之光》中，作者鲍勃·肖幻想了一种慢透光玻璃，讲述了一段美丽动人的故事。“想像有一种玻璃，光在这种玻璃中运动的速度极慢，通过半厘米厚需要10年，比蜗牛的速度还慢得多。当一块慢透光玻璃制出来时，望上去总是一片漆黑，因为还没有光穿过它。把这种玻璃放在风景秀丽的林中、湖边，带着这些美丽的景致的光陷入慢透光玻璃中，10年也出不来，把在这种地方放了10年的玻璃镶在城市住宅的窗户上，那么，在下一个10年的过程中，这个窗子外面便仿佛呈现出林中湖泊的美景。各种动物无声的前来饮水，空中百鸟飞翔，日夜在交替，季节在变化．身居闹市，扰如别墅。”
这确实是一个有意思的幻想，但关键是要降低飞驰的光的速度，科学技术发展到今天，部分科幻已经开始变成现实。
（1）本文作者进行科学幻想的依据是什么？
（2）在生活和学习中你一定也有许多奇思妙想吧，简要写出一种想象及其依据。
18．现在，一些大厦都用许多大块的镀膜玻璃做外墙（俗称“玻璃幕墙”），这种外墙既能透射光线也能反射光线。
（1）如图3-11所示三幅图中，哪幅图能真实反映太阳光线通过玻璃膜墙进入室内的传播途径。答：___________（填选项中的字母）
（2）小明同学路过某大厦楼前，从侧面往玻璃膜墙看去，发现该大厦前的旗杆在玻璃膜墙中的像有错位现象，如图3-12所示。他经过分析，认为产生这种错位现象的主要原因是上下两块之间镀膜玻璃不在同一竖直平面所造成的。请你利用简易器材，运用模拟的方法设计一个实验来验证它，要求写出这个实验所需器材和简述实验过程。
（3）玻璃膜墙会给人们带来哪些负面影响？请举一例。
答：。
一、填空题
1．漫反射各种
2．反射浅些折射
3．45
4．上升没有
5．入射反射折射折射
6．东，反射
二、选择题
7．D
8．B
9．B
10．D
11．A
12．A
三、作图题
13～14题．略
四、实验题
15．3 倒立放大
16．D；A；C；B
17．（1）光在不同介质中的传播速度不同；（2）常温下制成超导体。依据：超导材料与温度有关（其他想象和与其对应的依据正确即可）
18．（1）C；（2）略；（3）影响人们的正常休息；泄露隐私。
综合模拟试题（四) 第一部分英语知识运用（共分三节，满分40分）第一节：语音知识：从A.B.C.D四个选项中找出其画线部分与所给单词画线部分读音相同的选项。 ( ) 1. breath A. breathe B. rather C. healthy D. weather ( ) 2. southern A. thousand B. rough C. around D. founder ( ) 3.suppy A. apply B. surely C. summary D. employment ( ) https://www.doczj.com/doc/811512188.html,fort A. effort B. afford C. shorten D. sport ( ) 5. helped A. worked B. stayed C. replied D. wanted 第二节：词汇与语法知识： ( ) 6. Many people think that smoking makes them ______ happy and ______them relax. A. feel, helps B.fells, helps C. to feel, help D. feel, help ( ) 7. I have no idea _____ he used to be ten years ago. A. who B. whether C. what D. that ( ) 8. Please never do anything that will ______ the growth of the children. A. destroy B. injure C. damage D. harm ( ) 9. Many people besides tom ____ going to the Palace Museum tomorrow and now everybody ______ busy preparing for it. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, are D. are, are ( ) 10. The fair offered people an opportunity ______ learn ____ information. A. /, first hand B. with, first-hand C. to, first-hand D. on, first hand ( ) 11. ______, his brother became a good student. A. From B. From then on C. Since then on D. Since ( ) 12. We sometimes feel that the air is _____ as fresh as it _______. A. not any longer, used to be B. no longer, used to be C. no more, was used to be D. not any more, was used to be ( ) 13. Where ____ my glasses? Oh, _____ this pair of glasses yours? A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are ( ) 14. Before you choose a job, ______ the following questions. A. considering B. consider C. considered D. to consider ( ) 15. The president spoke ______ his country. A. on the behalf B. on behalf
2019届初三中考化学复习溶液专项复习训练题 1. 将锌片分别放入下列四种溶液中，一段时间后，溶液质量会减轻的是() A．H2SO4 B．AgNO3 C．FeSO4 D．MgSO4 2. 把少量下列物质分别放入水中，充分搅拌，可以得到溶液的是( ) A. 碘 B. 汽油 C. 白糖 D. 碳酸钙 3. 下列有关溶液的说法正确的是() A．溶液均是无色的、透明的 B．可溶性物质溶于水时一定会放出热量 C．石灰水的溶质是石灰 D．溶液的均一性是指同一溶液各部分的性质、组成相同 4. 一杯食盐水，测得上部溶液的密度为A g/mL，下部溶液的密度为( ) A. 小于A B. 大于A C. 等于A D. 小于A或大于A 5. 在Cu(NO3)2、AgNO3混合溶液中加入一定量的铁粉，充分反应后过滤，向滤渣中滴加稀硫酸时无气泡产生，下列说法正确的是() A．滤渣中一定有Ag和Cu B．滤渣中一定有Ag C．滤液中一定有Cu(NO3)2 D．滤液中一定没有AgNO3 6. 下列有关溶液的说法正确的是( ) A. 溶液都是无色、澄清、透明的 B. 固体物质的水溶液下层比上层密度大 C. 一种溶液中各部分的浓度和性质都是一样的 D. 静置后有沉淀析出的混合物一定是溶液 7. 将室温下接近饱和的氯化钠溶液转化为饱和溶液的最有效的方法是() A．加水 B．加氯化钠固体
C．改变温度 D．加入30 ℃饱和的氯化钠溶液 8. 溶液与我们的日常生活密切相关，下列关于溶液的说法正确的是( ) A.溶液一定是无色透明的 B. 稀溶液也可能是饱和溶液 C. 面粉与水混合可形成溶液 D. 溶液的上层浓度小，下层浓度大 9. 溶液在生产生活中应用广泛。下列有关溶液的说法正确的是( ) A.均一、稳定的液体都是溶液 B. 溶液中不能同时存两种溶质 C. 溶液都是无色透明的 D. 外界条件不改变，溶质溶剂不会分离 10. 下列有关溶液的说法正确的是( ) A.溶液中加入溶剂，溶液质量一定增大 B. 溶液中恒温加入溶质，溶质质量分数一定增大 C. 溶液升温，溶质质量分数一定增大 D. 溶液恒温蒸发溶剂，溶质质量分数一定减少 11. 已知浓硫酸的密度比稀硫酸大，溶质质量分数为90%和10%的两硫酸溶液等体积混合，所得溶液的溶质质量分数( ) A.小于50% B. 等于50% C. 大于50% D. 无法确定 12. 医用生理盐水是质量分数为0.9%的NaCl溶液，下列有关说法中，错误的是( ) A.属于混合物 B. 溶质是氯化钠 C. 用前要摇匀 D. 静置时不分层 13. 下列操作方法中，利用乳化作用的是( ) A. 用煮沸软化硬水 B. 用汽油清洗油污 C. 用洗涤剂清洗油污 D. 用酒精除去碘单质
广东高考英语语法填空专题训练语法填空（每篇共10小题；每小题1.5分，每篇满分15分） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空， 并将答案填写在答题卡上标号为1—10的相应位置。 Passage (1) Cars are too expensive for many people around the world to own. Not only that, many cities are already full of traffic, and many country areas have rough roads. So 1 do people travel those distances that are too far to walk? They use public transportation. If you ride the subway or bus 2 you live, you can appreciate some of the benefits of public transportation. With many people 3 (share) one bus or train, there is less traffic and, more 4 （importance）, less pollution. Which of the types of mass transit 5 (describe) below are you familiar with? If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus 6 (two) the size can hold! In Great Britain, there are many buses that are known as double-deckers (cars with two floors). Buses in Haiti are often very crowded. It’s not 7 (common) for passengers to actually sit on the rooftops. Buses are sometimes called “tap-taps”, because the 8 (ride) on the roof tap（敲击）when they want to be dropped off. Many large cities around the world take advantage of the space beneath the streets and run underground trains. People in Paris, Mexico City and Tokyo may use the subway system to get to school, to work, or to visit friends in other 9 (neighbor). Both the Japanese and French have developed High-speed trains to link various cities. While electric trains in North America average 130 kph, the French TGV (high-speed-train) is the world’s fastest, 10 (average) over 270 kph! Passage (2) Australia, the last continent, was discovered by ships 1 (belong) to some European nations in the seventeenth century. These nations were 2 (little) interested in changing it into a colony than in 3 (explore) it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English 4 set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well. Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich 5 soil. It was on the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this westward 6 (move) took place 7 because the English were searching for better land than the population was increasing. Settlements of the west part of both countries developed quickly after gold 8 (discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later. Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some 9 (strike) differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war. Australia, 10 (like) the United States, was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.
英语完成句子专项练习及答案 一、it及there句型 1. __________（据报道）a lot of people lost their jobs in the city last month.(report) 上个月这个城市的许多人失去了工作 2. __________（据报道）, a lot of people lost their jobs in the city last month.(report) 上个月这个城市的许多人失去了工作 3. __________ （毫无疑问）he will be admitted to the key university.(doubt) 他将会被重点大学录取 4. He has made some great movies. __________（这一点是毫无疑问的）.(doubt) 他已经制作了一些伟大的电影 5. __________（没必要）for you to get up early tomorrow.(need) 对你而言明天起床早 6. __________（碰巧）I had been away when he called.(happen) 当他给我打电话的时候，我已经离开了 7. __________（看来）nobody knows what has happened.(seem) 没人知道发生了什么 8. __________（看起来似乎）it's going to rain.(look) 天将会下雨 9. __________（很可能）the thieves don’t know how much it is worth.(likely) 小偷们并不知道它值多少钱 10. __________（我也许可以）to leave a message for her.(possible) 给她留言 1. It’s reported that 2. As is reported 3. There is no doubt that 4. There is no doubt about it 5. There is no need 6. It happened that 7. It seems that 8. It looks as if 9. It’s likely that 10.It’s possible for me 11. It’s no use __________（为打翻的牛奶而哭泣）.(cry) 是毫无用处的 12. __________（抱怨是毫无用处的）, they never listen.(use) 他们从不听 13. __________（难怪）you’ve achieved so much success.(wonder) 你取得了如此多的成功 14. __________(很明确）most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(certain) 无论如何，大多数农民已经增加了更多的收入 大多数农民尽一切努力引进了更多的资金 15. __________（据说）the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.(say) 这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验 16. The professor is said __________（已成功）in carrying out this experiment.(succeed)（比较句型15） 据说这位教授完成这项实验 17. __________（感到遗憾）I haven’t been to the get-together.(pity) 我没有去那个联欢会 18 __________（使之成为一种惯例）that I get up at six every day in the morning.(rule) 每天早上六点钟起床
八年级上英语期末试题 （时间：90分钟总分：100分） 第一部分听力（共20分）略 第二部分基础知识运用 第一节.单项选择题（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） ( )1.If you wear jeans to go to the party, the teachers_______. A. don’t let you in B. won’t let you in C. not let you in D. let you not in ( )2.―Can you come to my party this weekend? ―_______ A.I hope so B. Go ahead C. Sure, I’d love to D. You’re welcome ( )3.―_______ cups of yogurt do you need? ―Two. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How far ( )4.―Will people use money in 100 years? ―_______. A. Yes, they can B. No, they won’t C. Yes, they do D. Yes , they won’t ( )5.―What are going to be when you grow up? ―_______. A. I am a teacher B. I want to be a teacher C. I wanted to be a teacher D. I hope so ( )6.―What do you think of the TV shows? ―_______. A. How wonderful they are! B. I hope to watch it C. I don’t mind it D. I can’t stop laughing ( )7.Yao Ming plays basketball_______ in China. A. better B. the best C. good D. bad ( )8.He is taller than any other_______ in your class. A. students B. student C. them D. us ( )9.―_______ do you go to the doctor? ―Three times a month. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How about ( )10.Did you buy_______ in Hainan? A. something special B. special something C. anything special D. special anything 第二节.完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） There is nobody in the world the same 1 you; you are unique (独特唯一的)! Everybody is 2 from everyone else. That is good! 3 it makes the world (世界) an interesting place. There are people taller 4 you, and shorter than you. Maybe your hair is the same color as your friend's hair, but maybe it is longer than 5 . Another difference is your hair may be straight, hers may be curly. I am sure you have some friends who are 6 than you. And you also have some friends, they are as 7 at sports as you. But there are also people around you who are not good at some things. 8 does your best friend look like? Do you both 9 to finish your homework at school? Do you both want to wear the same clothes every day? I think 10 some ways you are the same, but in many other ways you are different. So say loudly to the world, "I am who I am-I'm unique!" ( )1. A. with ( )2. A. better B. as B. different C. of C. smart D. from D. good
高三化学限时训练 征服高考化学计算题之化学平衡一 1.（全国1）. 采用N2O5为硝化剂是一种新型的绿色硝化技术，在含能材料、医药等工业中得到广泛应用。回答下列问题 （2）F. Daniels等曾利用测压法在刚性反应器中研究了25℃时N2O5(g)分解反应： 其中NO2二聚为N2O4的反应可以迅速达到平衡。体系的总压强p随时间t的变化如下表所示（t=∞时，N2O4(g)完全分解）： t/min 0 40 80 160 260 1300 1700 ∞ p/kPa 35.8 40.3 42.5. 45.9 49.2 61.2 62.3 63.1 ①已知：2N2O5(g)＝2N2O4(g)+O2(g) ΔH1=?4.4 kJ·mol?1 2NO2(g)＝N2O4(g) ΔH 2=?55.3 kJ·mol?1 则反应N2O5(g)＝2NO2(g)+O2(g)的ΔH=_______ kJ·mol?1。 ②研究表明，N2O5(g)分解的反应速率。t=62 min时，测得体系中p O2=2.9 kPa，则此时的=________kPa，v=_______kPa·min?1。 ③若提高反应温度至35℃，则N2O5(g)完全分解后体系压强p(35℃)____63.1 kPa（填“大于”“等于”或“小于”），原因是________。 ④25℃时N2O4(g)2NO2(g)反应的平衡常数K p=_______kPa（K p为以分压表示的平衡常数，计算结果保留1位小数）。 2.（全国2）. CH4-CO2催化重整不仅可以得到合成气（CO和H2），还对温室气体的减排具有重要意义。回答下列问题： （1）CH4-CO2催化重整反应为：CH4(g)+CO2(g)=2CO(g)+2H2(g)。 已知：C(s)+2H2(g)=CH4(g) ΔH=-75 kJ·mol?1 C(s)+O2(g)=CO2(g) ΔH=-394 kJ·mol?1 C(s)+1/2O2(g)=CO(g) ΔH=-111 kJ·mol?1
专题训练（填空题） 1．化学与生活息息相关 （1）合理搭配饮食是我们健康生活的理念。比如早餐搭配：牛奶、面包、黄油、水果等，其中 含有的营养素有油脂、水、蛋白质、维生素、无机盐和。 （2）目前市场上有“补血口服液”、“高钙奶粉”等，这些铁、钙应理解为（填原子、 分子、元素、单质）；人体缺铁可能会引起。 （3）厨房中常备的物品有：食醋、食盐、纯碱、蔗糖、花生油、大米、矿泉水等。利用以上物质能够完成的实验是__________。 A．区分食盐和纯碱B．检验自来水的酸碱性 C．除去热水瓶中的水垢D．试验以上物质是否能溶于水 2．随着经济的发展，能源与环境成为人们日益关注的问题。 （1）化石燃料包括煤、天然气和。生活中若发生火灾时，常用的灭火材料有水、沙子、泡沫灭火器等。利用沙子灭火的主要原理是。 （2）目前我区很多家庭仍在使用液化石油气作为燃料。 请回答： ①根据右图提供的信息归纳丁烷的化学性质有； ②写出丁烷在空气中燃烧生成二氧化碳和水的化学方程 式。（3）“低碳生活”是指减少能源消耗、节约资源，从而减少 二氧化碳排放的生活方式。下列做法中符合“低碳生活”理念的是。 A.大力发展火力发电 B.研制和开发新能源替代传统能源 C.分类处理生活垃圾 D.优化建筑设计，增强室内自然采光，减少照明用电 （4）医院使用的生理盐水是溶质质量分数为0.9%的（填化学式）溶液。 （5）水是一种最常用的溶剂。在A、B、C、D四个烧杯中分别装有等量的水，在t℃时，向A、B、C烧杯中分别加入25g、15g、5g甲物质，向D烧杯加入25g乙物质，充分溶解后，静置，现象如下图1所示。 回答下列问题： ①在图1四个烧杯的溶液中，（填“A”、“B”、“C”或“D”，下同）烧杯中的溶液一 定是饱和溶液。 ②图2分别为两种物质的溶解度曲线，其中可表示乙物质的是（填“a”或“b”）；
全国卷高考英语语法填空专项训练 语法填空练习一 With the 1________ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because 2______ air pollution. Air pollution is caused by the following 3_____(reason): about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off 4________ (poison) gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm to their health 5______ to others. 6_______ these, about 10%of air pollution is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight 7______ pollution. New fuel can be used to take 8______place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the 9________ (important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will 10_________ (solve). 语法填空练习二 We often think of future. We often wonder 1 the world will be like in a hundred years’ time. Think of space. Perhaps a permanent station on 2 moon will 3 (set) up. Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as 4 _ (visit). Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed, 5 in space and visiting 6 planets. Great progress will have been made 7 medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years’ time. 8 the world will have been developed—even Antarctica. We will have used up most of the earth’s land to build our cities, 9 floating cities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities 10 the sea. 语法填空练习三 In the United States, there were 222 people 1 (report) to be billionaires in 2003. The 2 (rich)of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $41 billion, who made his money 3 Mr Gates was only 21 years old 4 5 the time he was 31. 6 , there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7 (young) ages like Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8 of these child actors made over a million dollars 9 (act) in movies before they were 14. But 10 youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn and Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited a billion dollars when he turned 18. 语法填空练习四 Most Americans don’t like to get advice 1 members of their family. They get advice from “ 2 (strange).” When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. Instead，many of 3 write letters to newspapers and magazines 4 give advice on many different subjects 5 (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, 6 even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers 7 (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are 8 (answer)written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors. 9 are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special 10 (train) for this kind of work. 语法填空练习五
全国英语等级考试（一级）模拟试题 第一部分听力（略） 第二部分英语知识运用 第一节单项填空 阅读下面的句子和对话，从三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。 26. He is badly ill. We must _____ a doctor at once. A. send to B. send for C. send away 27. The hospital _______ last year. A. built B. was built C. has been built 28. When I came into the classroom, the teacher _____something on the blackboard. A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote 29. --How long have you been ill? -- A. Since last week B. A week ago C. Once a week 30. Everybody is here _____Mike. A .not B. and C. except 31. We don’t understand the passage ___ there are a few new words in it. A. and B. unless C. because 32. The TV set is very nice. How long have you _______it? A. bought B. had C. taken 33. --- Shall I get one more apple for you, Dad? ---Thanks, but you _______. I’ve had enough. A. may not B. must not C. needn’t 34. --- _________is your shirt? --- It is 100yuan. A. How many B. How much C. How long 35. He is _______kind an old man that all the children like him. A. very B. so C. such 36. Either Jim or Sam ______going to help the farmers with the orange harvest this afternoon. A. was B. were C. is 37. We have studied for two hours. Let’s stop . A. have a rest B. to have a rest C. having a rest 38. We won’t go to Great Wall if it ________tomorrow. A. rains B. rain C. will rain 39. No book and no pen______in the bag. A. is B. are C. has 40. Please give me ______. A. two cups of milks B. two cup of milk C. two cups of milk 第二节完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选
化学平衡图像 一、选择题（本题包括35小题，每小题2分，共70分。每小题有一个或两个选项符合题意。） 1．一定温度下，在2L的密闭容器中，X、Y、Z三种气体的物质的量随时间变化的曲线如右图所示，下列描述正确的是（） A．反应开始到10s，用Z表示的反应速率为0.158mol/(L·s） B．反应开始时10s，X的物质的量浓度减少了0.79mol/L C．反应开始时10s，Y的转化率为79.0% D．反应的化学方程式为：X(g)＋Y(g)Z(g) 2．T℃时，A气体与B气体反应生成C气体。反应过程中A、B、C浓度变化如图（Ⅰ）所示，若保持其他条件不变，温度分别为T1和T2时，B的体积分数与时间的关系如图（Ⅱ）所示，则下列结论正确的是（） A．在（t1＋10）min时，保持其他条件不变，增大压强，平衡向逆反应方向移动 B．t1＋10）min时，保持容器总压强不变，通入稀有气体，平衡向逆反应方向移动 C．T℃时，在相同容器中，若由0.3mol·L—1 A 0.1 mol·L—1 B和0.4 mol·L—1 C反应，达到平衡后，C的浓度仍为0.4 mol·L—1 D．其他条件不变，升高温度，正、逆反应速率均增大，且A的转化率增大 3．已知可逆反应aA＋bB cC中，物质的含量A%和C%随温度的变化曲线如图所示，下列说法正确的是（）A．该反应在T1、T3温度时达到过化学平衡 B．该反应在T2温度时达到过化学平衡 C．该反应的逆反应是放热反应 D．升高温度，平衡会向正反应方向移动 4．右图表示反应N2（g）＋3H2（g）2NH3（g）；ΔH＝－92.2kJ/mol。在某段时间t0～t6中反应速率与反应过程的曲线图，则氨的百分含量最高的一段时间是（） A．t0～t1 B． t2～t3 C． t3～t4 D． t5～t6
初三化学中考模拟试卷 注意事项： 1.本试卷分为第1卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。全卷满分100分，考试时间为90分钟。 2．答第Ⅰ卷前务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目和试卷类型涂写在答题卡上。第Ⅰ卷每题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号（A 、B 、C 、D ）涂黑。如需改动，必须先用橡皮擦干净，再改涂其它答案。 可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Cl 35.5 Ca 40 第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共40分） 一、选择题（本题包括20小题，每小题2分，共40分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意） 1.小明奶奶为他迎接中考制定了如下食谱：M 饭、红烧鸡、蛋汤、糖醋鱼、麻辣豆腐。为使营养均衡，你觉得最好还要补充（） A ．牛肉 B ．河虾 C ．青菜 D ．雪糕 2.2007年“世界环境日”的主题是：“冰川消融，后果堪忧”，我国的主题是“污染减排与环境友好型社会”，下列与上述主题有关的说法错误的是（） A ．化石燃料燃烧排放的二氧化硫是导致温室效应的主要物质 B ．温室效应是导致地球温度升高的主要因素之一 C ．冰川融化，造成海平面上升，给人类生存带来威胁 D ．减少化石燃料的使用、开发新能源、植树造林 3.下列实验基本操作中，正确的是（ ） 4．海藻中含有丰 富的碘，“2NaI ＋Cl 2==2NaCl ＋ I 2”是实验室从 海藻中提取碘单 质的反应方程式，它属于（ ） A ．置换仅应 B ．分解反应 C ．化合反应 D ．复分解反应 5.下列说法正确的是 ( ) A ．冬天用煤炉取暖，应关紧门窗 B ．长期饮用蒸馏水对身体健康有益 C ．霉变的大M 煮熟后可放心食用 D ．室内起火，不要急于打开所有门窗 6.下列各组物质的区分方法中，不可行的是( ) A ．硬水、软水——加肥皂水，搅拌观察泡沫的多少 B ．羊毛纤维、涤纶——灼烧，闻气味 C ．氮气、二氧化碳——用燃着的木条检验，观察燃烧的现象 D ．氯化钾、氯化铵——加熟石灰，研磨，闻气味 7．下面O 2和CO 2的自述中，属于物理性质的是（ ） 8. A ．． CH 4 9.2008年A ．C ．塑料属于有机合成材料 D ．应禁止使用塑料制品 10.在化学实验中必须注意安全操作： ①在点燃H 2、CO 、CH 4等易燃气体前，必须检验气体的纯度 A B C D 冰 2
高考英语语法填空专题训练答案及解析 一、语法填空 1．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 A few months ________(early), Stephanie Heller, had finished her workout in the gym when she ________(notice)a woman in the parking lot struggling to bend down. Ms. Heller offered to help her. The woman blamed old age for her incapacity, ________(explain)that she was 70. But Ms. Heller was 71. "This woman felt every bit her age." she recalled. "I don't let age stop me. I need a good mood, really. I love singing and dancing with all the young friends I ________ (make)over the years. I'm only as old as I feel." Each of us has ________actual age, the number we celebrate on birthdays. But some 50-, 60-and 70-year-olds look and feel ________(youth), while others do not. Scientists measure these differences by looking at age-related things like skin elasticity, blood pressure and so on, finding some ________(connect)among them. People ________a healthy lifestyle and a fortunate genetic inheritance(继承)tend ________(score) "younger" on these assessments. When scientists ask, "How old do you feel, most of the time?" the answer can reflect the state of people's physical and mental health. The age given is a virtual one, ________is called "subjective age". 【答案】earlier；noticed；explaining；have made；an；youthful/young；connection/connections；with；to score；which 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有的人看起来比实际年龄小，是因为健康的生活方 式，好的遗传基因让人看起来更年轻，研究发现一个人的心态可以反应他的主观年龄。 （1）考查形容词。根据后文的had finished过去完成时，可判断事情发生在过去之前， a 几个月之前”，可以和过去完成时连用，故填earlier。 few months earlier“ （2）考查时态。根系句子可知此处是从句谓语动词，此处考查固定句型had done…when(从句用一般过去时)刚做完某事突然就……，故填noticed。 （3）考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知此处是非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the woman和explain（解释）之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填explaining。 （4）考查时态。分析句子可知此处是定语从句谓语动词，根据下文的over the years(在过去几年里)判断该句为现在完成时，主语为I，故填have made。 （5）考查冠词。age的可数名词，此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，又actual是元音音素开头，故填an。 （6）考查形容词。此处应填形容词作为feel的表语，youth的形容词是young和youthful，故填young/youthful。 （7）考查名词。此处应填名词作为finding的宾语，connect的名词形式connection为可数名词，some可以理解为“一些/某个”，故此处可以用名词单数形式，也可用复数形式， 故填connection/connections。 （8）考查介词。句意：拥有健康生活方式和好的遗传基因的人倾向于在这些评价中获得 高分。分析句子可知此处应填介词，再结合句意表示“有”的介词是with，故填with。 （9）考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth固定短语，“倾向于做某事”，故填to score。