【法规标题】中华人民共和国大气污染防治法（2018年修正）
【发文字号】【适用区域】全国适用
【发布部门】全国人民代表大
会常务委员会
【发布时间】2018-10-26【生效时间】2018-10-26【关键词】环境,环境许可及管
理,环境质量与基础,废气管理
【有效性】有效【更替信息】取代了中华人民共和国大气污染防治法（2015年
修订）
【注：此文档于2019年3月于一点通平台导出】
解读：
《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法（2018年修正）》于2018年10月26日，第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第六次会议通过，对《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》作出了如下修改：
（一）将第二十九条中的“环境保护主管部门及其委托的环境监察机构”修改为“生态环境主管部门及其环境执法机构”。
（二）将第四十条、第五十八条中的“质量监督部门”修改为“市场监督管理部门”，“环境保护主管部门”修改为“生态环境主管部门”。
（三）将第五十二条中的“环境保护主管部门”修改为“生态环境主管部门”，“质量监督、工商行政管理等有关部门”修改为“市场监督管理等有关部门”。
（四）将第九十八条中的“环境保护主管部门及其委托的环境监察机构”修改为“生态环境主管部门及其环境执法机构”，“环境保护主管部门”修改为“生态环境主管部门”。
（五）将第一百零一条、第一百零四条中的“出入境检验检疫机构”修改为“海关”。
（六）将第一百零三条中的“质量监督、工商行政管理部门按照职责”修改为“市场监督管理部门”。
（七）将第一百零七条中的“环境保护主管部门”修改为“生态环境主管部门”，“质量监督”修改为“市场监督管理”。
（八）将第一百一十条中的“工商行政管理部门、出入境检验检疫机构”修改为“市场监督管理部门、海关”。
（九）将第一百一十四条、第一百一十七条中的“环境保护等主管部门”修改为“生态环境等主管部门”。
（十）将第四条、第五条、第八条、第九条、第十一条、第十五条、第二十条、第二十一条、第二十二条、第二十三条、第二十四条、第二十五条、第二十八条、第三十条、第三十一条、第三十八条、第四十九条、第五十条、第五十三条、第五十四条、第五十五条、第五十六条、第七十八条、第八十六条、第八十七条、第八十八条、第九十一条、第九十二条、第九十三条、第九十四条、第九十五条、第九十七条、第九十九条、第一百条、第一百零五条、第一百零八条、第一百零九条、第一百一十一条、第一
百一十二条、第一百二十条、第一百二十二条、第一百二十六条中的“环境保护主管部门”修改为“生态环境主管部门”。
新修订的《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》从修订前的七章66条，扩展到现在的八章129条，法律条文增加了近一倍。该法修改按照中央加快推进生态文明建设的精神，主要从以下几个方面做了修改完善：
一、以改善大气环境质量为目标，强化地方政府责任，加强考核和监督。规定了地方政府对辖区大气环境质量负责、环境保护部对省级政府实行考核、未达标城市政府应当编制限期达标规划、上级环保部门对未完成任务的下级政府负责人实行约谈和区域限批等一系列制度措施。
二、坚持源头治理，推动转变经济发展方式，优化产业结构和布局，调整能源结构，提高相关产品质量标准。一直以来,大气污染治理之所以难,重要原因就在于很多手段都是末端治理,不但成本高,效果也差强人意。此次大气污染防治法在修改过程中,尤其注重加强源头治理,从制定产业政策、调整能源结构、提高燃煤质量、防治机动车污染治理等几个方面着手,从推动转变经济发展方式、优化产业结构、调整能源结构的角度完善相关的制度。新的大气污染防治法第二条规定,防治大气污染,应当以改善大气环境质量为目标,坚持源头治理,规划先行,转变经济发展方式,优化产业结构和布局,调整能源结构。防治大气污染,应当加强对燃煤、工业、机动车船、扬尘、农业等大气污染的综合防治,推行区域大气污染联合防治,对颗粒物、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、挥发性有机物、氨等大气污染物和温室气体实施协同控制。一是明确坚持源头治理，规划先行，转变经济发展方式，优化产业结构和布局，调整能源结构。二是明确制定燃煤、石焦油、生物质燃料、涂料等函挥发性有机物的产品、烟花爆竹及过滤等产品的质量标准，应当明确大气环境保护要求。三是规定了国务院有关部门和地方各级人民政府应当采取措施，调整能源结构，推广清洁能源的生产和使用。
三、从实际出发，根据我国经济社会发展的实际情况，制定大气污染防治标准，完善相关制度。新增“大气污染防治标准和限期达标规划”章节并前置，规范大气污染质量标准、污染物排放标准制定行为，以及标准运用和落实。
四、坚持问题导向，抓住主要矛盾，着力解决燃煤、机动车船等大气污染问题。实现了从单一污染物控制向多污染协同控制，从末端治理项全过程控制、精细化管理的转变。在第四章“大气污染物防治措施”中，对加强燃煤、工业、机动车船、扬尘、农业等大气污染的综合防治作出具体规定。例如在加强燃煤污染防治方面，一是明确要求优化煤炭使用方式，推广煤炭清洁高效利用，逐步降低煤炭在一次能源消费中的比重。二是明确国家推行煤炭洗选加工，降低煤炭的硫分和灰分，限制高硫量、高灰分煤炭的开采。三是明确国家禁止进口。销售和燃用不符合质量标准的煤炭，鼓励燃用优质燃煤。四是加强民用散煤的管理。五是加强对燃煤供热锅炉的管理。六是对工业锅炉进行规范。七是对燃煤电厂和其他燃煤单位提出排放控制要求。
五、加强重点区域大气污染联合防治，完善重污染天气应对措施。一是推行区域大气污染联合防治，要求对颗粒物、二氧化硫、氮氧化物、挥发性有机物、氨等大气污染物和温室气体实施协同控制。二是增设专章规定了重污染天气应对。明确建立重污染天气监测预警体系，制定重污染天气应急预案，并发布重污染天气预报等。
六、加大对大气环境违法行为的处罚力度。一是除倡导性的规定外，有违法行为就有处罚。新的《大气污染防治法》的条文有129条，其中法律责任条款就有30条，规定了大量的具体的有针对性的措施，并有相应的处罚责任。具体的处罚行为和种类接近90种，提高了这部新法的操作性和针对性。二是提
高了罚款的上限，如超标、超总量指标排放大气污染物得，责令改正或限制生产、停产整治，并处10
万元以上100万元以下的罚款，情节严重的，报经有批准权的人民政府批准，责令停业、关闭。三是规定了按日计罚。在新修订的环境保护法规定的基础上，细化并增加了按日计罚的行为。四是丰富了处罚种类。如行政处罚中有责令停业、关闭，责令停产整治，责令停工整治、没收，取消检验资格，治安处罚等。
七、坚持立法为民，积极回应社会关切。一是删去了修订草案关于机动车限行的规定。二是完善环境信息公开制度，引导公众有序参与监督。秉承新《环保法》强化信息公开和公众参与的立法思路，增加信息公开的规定，《大气污染防治法》要求信息公开的表述有11处规定。新增公众参与的规定2项。
八、加强监督强化政府责任。此次大气污染防治法以改善大气环境质量为目标,注重强化地方政府在环境保护、改善大气质量方面的责任,加强了对地方政府的监督。
新的大气污染防治法第三条明确规定,县级以上人民政府应当将大气污染防治工作纳入国民经济和社会发展规划,加大对大气污染防治的财政投入。地方各级人民政府应当对本行政区域的大气环境质量负责,制定规划,采取措施,控制或者逐步削减大气污染物的排放量,使大气环境质量达到规定标准并逐步改善。
法律还明确,国务院环境保护主管部门会同国务院有关部门,按照国务院的规定,对省、自治区、直辖市大气环境质量改善目标、大气污染防治重点任务完成情况进行考核。省、自治区、直辖市人民政府制定考核办法,对本行政区域内地方大气环境质量改善目标、大气污染防治重点任务完成情况实施考核。考核结果应当向社会公开。
对于地方政府的监管职能,新的大气污染防治法也作出了明确,规定由县级以上人民政府环境保护主管部门对大气污染防治实施统一监督管理。县级以上人民政府其他有关部门在各自职责范围内对大气污染防治实施监督管理。
The Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution (Revised in 2018) was adopted at the 6th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress on October 26, 2018, and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution was made. Modified as follows:
(1) Amend the “Environmental Protection Authority and its entrusted environmental supervision agency” in Article 29 to “Eco-Environmental Competent Authority and its Environmental Law Enforcement Agency”.
(2) Amend the “Quality Supervision Department” in Articles 40 and 58 to “Market Supervision and Management Department” and “Environmental Protection Administration Department” to “Eco-Environmental Management Department”.
(3) Amend the “Environmental Protection Competent Authority” in Article 52 to “Eco-Environmental Competent Authority” and “Quality Supervision, Industrial and Commercial Administration and other relevant departments” to “Market Supervision and Management and other relevant departments”.
(4) Modifying the “Environmental Pr otection Competent Authority and its entrusted Environmental Supervision Agency” in Article 98 to “Eco-Environmental Competent Authority and its Environmental Law Enforcement Agency”, and “Environmental Protection Competent Authority” as “Eco-Environmental Supervisor” department".
(5) Amend the “entry and exit inspection and quarantine institutions” in Article 101 and Article 104 to “Customs”.
(6) Amend the “Quality Supervision, Administration of Industry and Commerce Administration in accordance with Duties” in Article 103 to “Market Supervision and Management Department”.
(7) Amend the “Environmental Protection Competent Authority” in Article 107 to “Eco-Environmental Competent Authority” and “Quality Supervision” to “Market Supervision and Managemen t”.
(8) Modify the “industrial and commercial administrative department, entry-exit inspection and quarantine institution” in Article 110 to “market supervision and management department and customs”.
(9) Amend the “environmental protection and other competent authorities” in Article 114 and Article 117 to “the competent department such as the ecological environment”.
(10) Amend the “Environmental Protection Competent Authority” in Articles 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 38, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 78, 86, 87, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 99, 100, 105 , 108, 109, 111, 112, 120, 122, 126 was revised to “Eco-Environmental Competent Authority”.
The newly revised Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution has expanded from the seven chapters and 66 articles to the current eight chapters and 129 articles, and the legal provisions have nearly doubled. In accordance with the spirit of the central government to accelerate the construction of ecological civilization, the revision of the law has been revised and improved from the following aspects:
1. With the goal of improving the quality of the atmospheric environment, strengthen the responsibility of local governments and strengthen assessment and supervision. It stipulates that the local government is responsible for the quality of the atmospheric environment in the area under its jurisdiction, the Ministry of Environmental Protection shall conduct assessments for provincial governments, and the government that fails to meet the standards shall prepare a deadline for compliance planning, and the higher-level environmental protection departments shall conduct interviews and regional restrictions on the subordinate government officials who have not completed the tasks. And a series of institutional measures.
2. Adhere to the source of governance, promote the transformation of economic development mode, optimize the industrial structure and layout, adjust the energy structure, and improve the quality standards of related products. The reason why air pollution control has always been difficult is that many methods are end-of-pipe treatment, which is not only costly but also unsatisfactory. In the process of revision of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law, special attention was paid to strengthening source control. From the aspects of formulating industrial policies, adjusting energy structure, improving coal quality, and preventing vehicle pollution control, we will promote the transformation of economic development mode and optimization. Improve the relevant systems from the perspective of industrial structure and adjustment of energy structure. Article 2 of the new Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law stipulates that the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution should aim at improving the quality of the atmospheric environment, adhere to the source of governance, plan ahead, transform the economic development mode, optimize the industrial structure and layout, and adjust the energy structure. To prevent and control air pollution, comprehensive prevention and control of air pollution such as coal burning, industry, motor boat, dust, agriculture, etc. should be strengthened, and joint prevention and control of regional air pollution should be carried out to treat air pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and ammonia. Coordinated control with greenhouse gases. First, we must clearly
adhere to the source of governance, plan ahead, transform the economic development mode, optimize the industrial structure and layout, and adjust the energy structure. The second is to clearly define the quality standards for products of volatile organic compounds such as coal, stone tar, biomass fuel, paint, etc., fireworks, firecrackers and filtration products, and the requirements for atmospheric environmental protection should be clarified. The third is to stipulate that relevant departments of the State Council and local people's governments at various levels should take measures to adjust the energy structure and promote the production and use of clean energy.
3. Starting from the actual situation, according to the actual situation of China's economic and social development, formulate air pollution prevention and control standards and improve relevant systems. The “Air Pollution Prevention Standards and Time Limits Compliance Plan” chapter was added and pre-positioned to standardize air pollution quality standards, pollutant discharge standards formulation behavior, and standard application and implementation.
4. Adhere to the problem-oriented, grasp the main contradictions, and focus on solving the problem of air pollution such as coal burning, motor vehicles and ships. It has realized the transition from single pollutant control to multi-pollution coordinated control, from the whole process control and refined management of the end management item. In Chapter 4, "Measures for Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollutants," specific provisions are made for comprehensive prevention and control of air pollution such as coal combustion, industry, motor vehicles, dust, and agriculture. For example, in strengthening the prevention and control of coal-fired pollution, the first is to explicitly optimize the use of coal, promote clean and efficient use of coal, and gradually reduce the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption. The second is to clarify the state's implementation of coal washing and processing, reduce the sulfur and ash of coal, and limit the exploitation of high sulfur and high ash coal. The third is to clarify that the state prohibits the import, sale and burning of coal that does not meet the quality standards and encourages the burning of high-quality coal. The fourth is to strengthen the management of civilian loose coal. The fifth is to strengthen the management of coal-fired heating boilers. The sixth is to regulate industrial boilers. The seventh is to impose emission control requirements on coal-fired power plants and other coal-fired units.
5. Strengthen the joint prevention and control of air pollution in key areas and improve the response measures for heavy pollution. First, the implementation of regional air pollution joint prevention and control requires the implementation of coordinated control of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, ammonia and other atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. The second is to add a special chapter to stipulate the response to heavy pollution. Clearly establish a monitoring and early warning system for heavy pollution weather, formulate emergency plans for heavy pollution weather, and issue heavy pollution weather forecasts.
6. Increase penalties for violations of the atmospheric environment. First, in addition to the advocacy regulations, there are penalties for violations of the law. The new "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law" has 129 provisions, of which 30 are legal liability clauses, which stipulate a large number of specific targeted measures and have corresponding punishment obligations. The specific punishment behaviors and types are close to 90, which improves the operability and pertinence of this new law. The second is to raise the upper limit of fines. If excessive standards and excess aggregates are used to discharge atmospheric pollutants, they should be ordered to correct or restrict production, stop production and rectification, and impose a fine of 100,000 yuan or more and less than 1 million yuan. If the circumstances are serious, the report will be the people's government that approved the approval approved the closure and closure. The third is to stipulate the daily penalty. On the basis of the newly revised Environmental Protection Law, the behavior of daily penalties is refined and increased. The fourth is to enrich the types of punishment. For example, in the administrative punishment, it is ordered
to suspend business, close, order to stop production and rectification, order to stop work rectification, confiscation, cancel inspection qualifications, public security punishment.
7. Adhere to legislation for the people and actively respond to social concerns. First, the provisions of the revised draft on motor vehicle restrictions were deleted. The second is to improve the environmental information disclosure system and guide the public to participate in supervision in an orderly manner. Adhering to the new "Environmental Protection Law" to strengthen the legislative ideas of information disclosure and public participation, and increase the provisions on information disclosure, the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law" requires 11 provisions for information disclosure. Two new provisions for public participation were added.
8. Strengthen supervision and strengthen government responsibility. The Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act aims to improve the quality of the atmospheric environment, focusing on strengthening local governments' responsibility for environmental protection and improving air quality, and strengthening supervision of local governments.
Article 3 of the new Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law clearly stipulates that the people's government at or above the county level should incorporate air pollution prevention and control into the national economic and social development plan and increase financial investment in air pollution prevention and control. The local people's governments at various levels shall be responsible for the quality of the atmospheric environment in their respective administrative regions, formulate plans, and take measures to control or gradually reduce the emission of atmospheric pollutants so that the atmospheric environmental quality can meet the prescribed standards and be gradually improved.
The law also clarifies that the competent department of environmental protection under the State Council, in conjunction with the relevant departments of the State Council, shall, in accordance with the provisions of the State Council, assess the completion objectives of the atmospheric environment quality of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and the completion of key tasks for air pollution prevention and control. The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate assessment methods to conduct assessments on the objectives of local atmospheric environmental quality improvement and the completion of key tasks for air pollution prevention and control within their respective administrative regions. The results of the assessment should be disclosed to the public.
For the supervision function of local governments, the new air pollution prevention and control law has also made clear that the environmental protection authorities of the people's governments at or above the county level shall implement unified supervision and management of air pollution prevention and control. Other relevant departments of the people's government at or above the county level shall supervise and manage air pollution prevention and control within their respective areas of responsibility.
全文：
中华人民共和国大气污染防治法
（1987年9月5日第六届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十二次会议通过根据1995年8月29日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十五次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国大气污染防治法〉的决定》第一次修正2000年4月29日第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十五次会议第一次修订2015年8月29日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十六次会议第二次修订根据2018年10月26日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第六次会议《关于修改〈中华人民共和国野生动物保护法〉等十五部法律的决定》第二次修正）