新CET-4写作讲义
北京新东方学校：王江涛
欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材
前言
开场白
推荐两本书： 《圣经》《古希腊罗马神话》
一共分为四节课，每节课大概2.5小时左右
第一节课： 1）考试题型；2）考试要求；3）评卷实例
第 一 节
一、考试题型
应用文（7考）：口头作文（2考）、书信作文（5考）
论说文（25考）：提纲作文（23考）、图表作文（2考）
段首句作文：4考
课程安排：
考试题型、考试要求、评卷实例
口头作文、书信总论
书信详解
论说文、翻译
学习方法：实力（高分策略）＋技巧（万能框架）
二、考试要求
《大学英语考试大纲》中明确规定：四级大学英语写作考试时间为30分钟。要求应试者写出一篇不少于120个词的短文；写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。其命题方式有：给出题目、或规定情景、或给出段首句续写、或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。要求内容切题，文理通顺，表达正确，语义连贯，无重大语言错误。
时间要求：30分钟
审题（3分钟）：
写作（25分钟）：
检查（2分钟）：语法（时态、冠词、主谓一致）、拼写、标点
【2005.06】For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay [IN honour of teachers on the occasion of Teacher's Day]. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 向老师表达节日祝贺2. 从一件小事来回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献3. 我如何回报老师的关爱
字数要求：120－150词
写作主题：大学校园生活（学习、生活、工作）
命题方式：段首句、提纲、命题、关键词、情景、图表作文
具体要求：
语言第一位：表达通顺、无重大语言错误
基础一般：简单原则、安全第一
基础较好：句子结构词多变
结构第二位：
逻辑性：
并列：and/or/but
因果：because/in that, since/as, for
转折：but/however
关联词：
内容第三位：切题
Last night, I was kicked by my girl friend. She ran away with a small white face. She is my green plum and bamboo horse. Now I know that love is blind. Beauty is but skin-deep. Money is the root of evil. However, I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. Could you please tell my why the injured is always me. It is high time that you teachers devoted your love to me. If you do not give me full mark, I will commit suicide immediately.
三、评卷实例
教材第5页第1篇：中英思维差异
中式思维：情感分段、读者领会、迂回模式、归纳式思维
英式思维：逻辑分段、作者交代、直线模式、演绎式思维
1999年1月真题 例文（1） 讲解
Most people thought that read
books should have been selectived. But others belived reading extentively was correction.
Selective books or reading extensively?
Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,
on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we intrested, and it would be helpful for us.
on another hand. Someone's intresting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldn't reading at only one level.
I confirmed all of these ideas were good but weren't wise.
As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Don't treat these books with rackless abandon.
The best technology of reading is connect.
教材第4页第2篇：
1999年1月真题 例文（2） 讲解
I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limitted. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours.
教材第5页第3篇：
1999年1月真题 例文（3） 讲解
Some people think reading shall be choosed. Because some books are good to hummen beings and some books are harmful to people.
Some people think that men shoud read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world.
It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beautiful. we must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading.
教材第5页第2篇：
1999年1月真题 例文（4） 讲解
How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.
Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What's more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn't read them. Since we can't read all the books and we shouldn't read bad books, we must read selectively.
But others may not agree. They emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has m
any kinds of knowledge he'll have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.
Who's right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.
教材第4页第1篇：
1999年1月真题 例文（5） 讲解
When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.
Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.
But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that "to know more, to read more". So they believe that reading extensively is better.
To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.
实例演练 评析
题目： Bicycles An Important Means of Transport in China.
提纲： （1）为什么自行车在中国这样普及
（2）和汽车的比较
（3）自行车在中国的前途
Score: 14
Bicycles are very popular in China. Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles. During the rush hour, you can see that thousands of people -man and woman, old and young-ride their bicycles to work and study. That is why China is called "the kingdom of bicycles."
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in many ways. First, they are cheap, convenient and easy to ride. Second, riding bicycle is good for health. Third, they bring no noise nor air pollution. Though cars are faster and more comfortable, they are too expensive. They consume plenty of oil and they pollute the air. Sometimes, it is difficult for a driver to park his car. Moreover they often cause traffic jams and accidents.
In my opinion, the future of bicycle is very promising. Since China is a developing country and has a large population, I think, riding bicycle is appropriate to Chinese present conditions. It will be an important means of transportation for quite a long time.
Score: 11
There millions of bicycles in today's China. Bicycles are very important means of transport in people's daily lives. Because to ride a bicycle is very simple, to buy a bicycle will not cost so much money, to park a bicycle needs just a small room and to ride a bicycle does not need oil but the rider's strength, bi
ycles are popular all over the world, especially in China.
Compared with a car, a bicycle is much cheaper. It is more suitable for China as a developing country. And a bicycle has almost caused no pollution but a car has. On the countary, a bicycle is too slow, it costs more times than a car.
I think the population of China's bicycle will be kept for the long run. Becuse it will be replaced by a car, a bus and so on in some developed areas in China, and it will be made a wide use in the developing areas in China, the number of bicycles in China will be the same as today but I believe that it's quality will be improved.
第 二 节
一、口头作文
真题回顾：
2004年6月真题作文：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guideline:
Your role: a tour guide
Your audience: a group of foreign tourists
Your introduction should include:
Some welcoming words
The schedule for the day
A description of the place the tourists will be visiting
(e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.)
You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.
2005年1月真题作文：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write A Campaign Speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
你认为自己具备了什么条件（能力、性格、爱好等）可以胜任学生会主席的工作，
如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？
经典范文：
2004年6月真题 范文 讲解：
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Beijing! To begin with, I would like to make a brief introduction to myself. I am your guide from China Travel Agency. Today I’m very glad to be your guide. It’s great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day. Just as the old saying goes, “It is always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar”. I wish all of you to enjoy yourselves during this trip.
The following is the time schedule. First, the Great Wall is the major attraction in this morning. Second, having lunch nearby, we will go to visit the Summer Palace in the afternoon. This is a must! Last, after dining at Night in Beijing, it’s time to watch traditional Chinese performances. At 10 p.m., we will go back to Beijing Hotel.
Next, I would like to introduce the Great Wall to you. It is called the Eighth Wonder in the world. Built 2000 years ago, the present relics are constructed in the Ming Dynasty. Hope you enjoy yourselves.
2005年1月真题 范文 讲解：
Today I am very glad to run for the chairperson of the Student Union. I am junior in the Department of Chinese Language and Literature.
I am sure that I am qualified for this position. First, I am good at commun
icating and organizing. By the way, with my outstanding leadership, I have been elected president of our department several times. Second, I am warm-hearted and easygoing. Not only do my qualifications and work experience make me a perfect candidate, my cheerful personality is well suited for the position. Last, my hobbies include sports and music.
If I am elected, I will exert all my efforts. Firstly, I will organize suitable activities. Secondly, I will try to reach your demands as well. Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend myself as an ideal candidate. I am sure you will make a wise decision in voting for me. I hope the above information will help you to know about myself. If any of you have any question/advice/recommendation for me/ need any further information, please feel free/do not hesitate to ask at any time. Thanks for your listening/attention.
祝酒辞范文 讲解：
Mr. Vice President, our American friends, my colleagues, ladies and gentlemen,
On behalf of all the members of our mission/delegation, I would like to express our sincere thanks to you for inviting us to such a marvelous Christmas party.
We really enjoyed the delicious food and excellent wine. Also, the music was perfect. I enjoyed meeting and talking to you, and sharing the time together. As we say, well begun is half done. I hope we will be able to maintain this good relationship and make next year another great one together.
Thank you again for the wonderful party. We had a great time. In closing, I would like to invite you to join me in a toast. To the health of Mr. Vice President, to all the ladies and gentlemen present here, cheers!
两大原则：
句子写作：
句子原则：长短结合、以短句为主
基本句型：
主谓：I succeed.
主谓宾：I like Caicai.
主系表：ZY is smart.
主谓双宾：Wei Xiaobao gave Ake an English dictionary.
主谓宾宾补：Tulongdao makes many people selfish.
长句写法：
并列句：and/or/but/while/whereas
从句：
定语从句：who/that/which/when/where
状语从句：when/where/if/because/though
名词性从句：主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句
The fact that a great many teachers are respected shows/indicates/suggests that we should repay them.
What they fail to understand is that we should reciprocate out teachers.
非谓语动词：
动名词：
分词：过去分词、现在分词
不定式：
独立主格：Time permitting, I will go to Beijing tomorrow.
段落写作：
Introduction：引言/起始/淘金段，3句
Thesis statement：中心思想，1句
Background information：背景信息，2句
Background背景
Facts事实
Others’ opinions反方观点
Body：主体/拓展段，4句
Topic sentence：主题句，1句
Argument：论证，2句
Classification：分类
Exemplification：举例
Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice.
I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s).
This story tells us that
….
Cause and effect：因果
Comparison and contrast：比较和对比
Definition and explanation：定义和事实
Statistics and facts：统计和事实
According to the recent survey/data/figure/statistics/study by the Chinese Academy of Social Science, …%(percent)….
Summary：小结，1句
Conclusion：结论段，3句
Topic sentence：主题句，1句
Argument：论证，1句
Summary：小结，1句
二、高分策略
背诵：精彩词汇、精彩句型、精彩句子、万能框架、整篇范文。
口头作文：051、祝酒辞
书信作文：求学信、投诉信、求职信、感谢信、个人简历
论说文：口语考试、财富、毕业生找工作
默写：
互译：中译英
写作：
三、书信总论
1、真题回顾：5考
016：教材36页题目
2001年6月真题作文
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of your who is going to visit you during the weeklong holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.
1．表示欢迎
2．提出对度假安排的建议
3．提醒应注意的事项
Dear Xiao Wang,
Words fail to express my excitement when I learned that you would like to spend your holiday together with me. I miss you so much that I even can’t wait to see you. I am sure that your journey will be exciting, rewarding and full of a lot of fun.
I’ve made a rough plan for this holiday as follows. On the first day you arrive here, I will show you around our new campus. During the second five days, we can visit some scenic spots and historical sites around Beijing, such as Summer Palace, the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, the Beijing Zoo, etc. On the last day, we can do some shopping.
By the way, please take care of your luggage on the train. And don’t forget to tell me when you will arrive.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Ying
021： 教材36页题目
2002年1月真题作文
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on:
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写出一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
January 12th, 2002
Dear Mr. President,
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Li Ming
Dear Mr. President,
I am sophomore from the Department of Law. I am writing the letter in purpose of complaining about the food and service in the canteen on campus.
To be frank, I am rather disappointed at the food quality, price and service in the canteen. Fir
st, the dishes are scarcely well cooked and most of them taste the same. Secondly, most of the dishes there are priced so high that some students cannot even afford them. Thirdly, the service in the canteen is far from satisfying and the inside of the canteen always seem untidy.
To solve the problem, I suggest that another canteen be built and a mechanism of competition be introduced between the old and the new. Besides, both the canteens should be subject to the students’ supervision. Dining is an everyday issue for students. It may affect their academic performance. Therefore, I sincerely hope this letter can draw your attention to the matter and I hope the problems mentioned above be solved as soon as possible.
Li Ming
3）036：教材35页题目
2003年6月真题作文
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eye-witness account of a traffic accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：
1．车祸发生的时间及地点
2．你所见到的车祸情况
3．你对车祸原因的分析
An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident
4）041：
2004年1月真题作文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friend’s inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 建议报考的专业及理由；2. 报考该专业的基本条件；3. 应当如何备考
Dear Xiaoqiang:
I’m glad to know that you are going to apply for admission to our university. With regard to major, I advise you to apply for the English major, because of its modern teaching equipments and prestigious professors.
Some requirements are essential for applying for the major. Firstly, you should be good at English grammar and have considerable vocabulary. Secondly, you should be adept in spoken English for oral test is followed after normal examination.
Therefore, when making the preparation you should pay attention to enlarging your vocabulary and practicing grammar. At the same time, of course, to reach the goal, lots of exercises are necessary.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
5）056：
2005年6月真题作文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay in honor of teachers on the occasion of Teacher's Day. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
向老师表达节日祝贺，
从一件小事来回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献，
我如何回报老师的关爱。
September 10th is the day that every student should bear in mind. It is the time to express our cong
ratulations to our teachers, who have devoted most of their time and energy to us.
I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi. If it had not been for my teacher’s timely assistance in giving me first aid, I fear that the consequences might have been much serious. Everyone agrees that it was his quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.
I will repay my teacher’s kindness with my unselfish help to others. Although nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish, we see very few people practice what they preach. If there were more people like my teacher, this world would be a much nicer place.
（1）Once in front of me, stood an outstanding teacher. Yet, I did not value him. Not until the moment I lost him, did I realize how regretful I was. If God gave me another chance, I would repay him.
（2）I sat outside in the hall. Everything inside me has gone away. I didn’t think. I could not think. I knew she was leaving me, but I prayed she not.（Ernest Hemingway: The Sun also Rises）
2、写作格式：
齐头式：
Dear Sir or Madam:As I am planning to take College English Test Band 4 (CET-4 ), I have decided to place an order of some CET-4 books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books. Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2005. I have arranged to pay for the service.I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely,Li Ming
缩进式：
Dear Sir or Madam:
As I am planning to take College English Test Band 4 (CET-4 ), I have decided to place an order of some CET-4 books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books.
Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2005. I have arranged to pay for the service.
I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
1）称呼：
（1）写给机构：
A.认识负责人：Dear Sir or Madam, Dear Sir/Madam, To whom it may concern,
B.不认识
负责人：Dear Mr./Ms. President/Professor/Manager/Editor (Michael) Wang,
（2）写给个人：
A. 关系不亲密：Dear Mr./Ms. President/Professor/Manager/Editor (Michael) Wang,
B. 关系亲密：Dear Michael,
2）正文：
3）落款：
（1）祝福语：Best wishes!/The best regards!
（2）签名：Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
3、印象原则：书写工整、卷面整洁、字迹清晰
4、首段写法：
1）自我介绍：
（1）I am a staff member from Microsoft China Corporation.
（2）I am a/an freshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature in Beijing University.
2）写作目的：
I am writing the letter in purpose of expressing/airing dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding/concerning the service of our canteen.
5、尾段写法：
1）表示感谢：
（1）My thanks to you for your generous help are beyond words.
（2）Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you.
（3） I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kind assistance you rendered me.
2）期待回信：
（1）I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon.
（2）I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.
（3）Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.
第 三 节
书信详解
（一）咨询信：
1、订购信：
Directions: You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
Detailed information about the books you want,
Methods of payment,
Time and way of delivery.
Dear Sir or Madam:
As I am planning to take College English Test Band 4 (CET-4 ), I have decided to place an order of some CET-4 books with due consideration of the good reputation of your bookstore and the high quality of your books.
Firstly, please give me particular accounts as regards names, authors, publishing houses and prices of these books. Secondly, I also need to know the terms of payment and after-sell service. Thirdly, I wonder if it is convenient for you to deliver these books by EMS to the headquarters of Beijing New Oriental School by September 1, 2005. I have arranged to pay for the service.
I would like to express my gratitude for your kind consideration of my requests. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
2、求学信：
Directions: You want to study at a certain foreign university. Write a letter:
Inquire about the situations there,
Ask about qualifications,
Fees and accommodation.
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am a Chinese student who wish to study at your prestigious university. My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grat
eful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information.
First, what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already had a bachelor’s degree from Beijing University, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements. Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self-supporting, I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students. Third, what is the situation as regards accommodation?
I look forward to your reply, and to attend your esteemed institution.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
3、询问信：
Directions: As part of a student social survey project, you are leading a group to visit an exhibition in a small town. Write a letter:
Ask for information regarding such things as the contents of the exhibition,
The dates of its opening and closing,
Any discounts.
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am organizing a group of students to pay a visit to the historical exhibition in your town. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could supply me with the following information.
First of all, what is the size of the exhibition, what is its theme and what objects are on display? Secondly, what are the dates between which the exhibition will be held, and what are the daily opening hours? Thirdly, are there any other activities being held in connection with the exhibition?
I must point out that I hope to bring over students to the exhibition. So I would like to inquire if there is any discount available on entrance tickets for students. I look forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
4、寻找失物信：
Directions: You have just spent a weekend staying at the St. Regis Hotel in Beijing. When you get home you find that you have left a bag at the hotel. Write to the manager of the hotel:
Enquire whether the bag has been found,
Give any relevant information about the bag and its contents,
Ask the manager to contact you immediately if the bag is found and tell him/her how the bag can be sent to you.
Dear Sir or Madam:
I stayed in Room 603 in your hotel on the 10th of June, 2005. When I arrived home, I discovered that I had left one of my bags at that hotel. Could you please check your Lost and Found Department and see if my bag is there?
The bag is a small black, leather document case. Inside it, you will find several business cards, a small address book and a photo of Mr. Old Fish. These things are not very valuable in money terms, but they have a lot of personal value.
I would appreciate it if you could contact me as soon as possible. If you could send the bag to me by Express Mail Service, I would be most grateful. Thank you for your help.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
（二）投诉信：
Directions: You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and:
Ask for a new room next term,
Explain your reasons,
Want a single room.
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next semester. I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.
I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties. In these circumstances, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind in my assignments.
I am sure you will agree that the only solution is for me to move into a room of my own. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
（三）介绍信：
求职信：
Directions: You want to apply for the following job: Waiter/waitress required for evening work. Write a letter to Mr. Byron:
Show your interest,
Describe yourself,
Explain why you would be suitable for the job.
Dear Mr. Byron：
I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress. Enclosed with this letter is my resume, which further details my previous work experience and qualifications.
First, not only do my qualifications and work experience make me a perfect candidate for the job, my personality is well suited to working as a waitress. Second, I am a very friendly person who can quickly establish rapport with people of all ages. Last, the fast-paced environment of waiting on tables suits me well because I thrive on working under pressure.
I would like to meet with you at your earliest convenience, to discuss the possibility of working at your restaurant. Thank you for your consideration of my application. I look forward to meeting you in the near future.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
推荐信：
Directions: One of your friends wants to apply for a job involving working with foreign teenagers. Write a letter:
Recommend him/her,
Describe his/her past experience,
Explain the reasons.
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am writing to you to recommend one of my best friends, Zhou Botong, for this post. He used to be my classmate at Tsinghua University, where he was already a very active organizer and participant in extracurricular ac
tivities.
First, with his outstanding leadership and cheerful personality, he was elected chairperson of the Student Union of our university several times. Second, busy as he was, he completed his major, teenage psychology, with an outstanding school record. Third, upon graduation he was assigned to be a teacher in Zhongguancun Middle School. What’s more, he loves his job and enjoys working with children. This has won him great popularity among his students.
Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend him as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised. I am sure you will make a wise decision in hiring him.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
自我介绍信：
Directions: You are writing your first letter to a pen pal.
Describe your previous studies and work experience,
Your current activities, hobbies and interests,
Suggest meeting him/her.
Dear Audrey:
Hi! My name is Li Ming. I am very glad to have this chance to write to you and become pen pals.
First, let me first introduce myself. I’m currently working as a computer programmer in a large multi-national company. Second, I graduated from Beijing Normal University with a Bachelor’s Degree in computer science in 2004. While I enjoy my current job, I’m interested in pursuing a Master’s degree, and hope to begin graduate studies next September. Last, my hobbies include listening to pop music and traveling.
This summer, I will be traveling with Mr. Guo Jing to Norway. If you are free, I would be very happy to meet you in person. Well, let me finish here. I am already eagerly awaiting your reply. I hope that we can become good friends.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
（四）感谢信：参见056四级真题。
2005年6月真题作文
Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay in honor of teachers on the occasion of Teacher’s Day . you should write at least 120 words following the outline given below：
1、 向老师致以节日祝贺
2、 从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献
3、 我如何回报老师的关爱
（五）建议信：
Directions: You have a friend who is about to enter university, and he wants you to advise him on which subject to specialize in——history, in which he is very interested, or computer science, which offers better job prospects.
Give your suggestions,
Explain the reasons,
Other recommendation.
Dear Xiaoqiang:
You have asked me for my advice concerning whether you should study history or computer science at university, and I will try to make some useful suggestions.
You must keep in mind that, above all, your university training is a preparation for your future career. First, there is no doubt that the field of computer science offers far wider job opportunities than histo
ry. Second, for the foreseeable future, not only will it be necessary for everyone to be computer-literate, it will also be necessary to be equipped with computer skills merely to earn a living. Last, history, I’m afraid, however fascinating it may be, offers few career prospects.
Of course, I would recommend that you keep up your reading of history in your spare time.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
（六）请求信：
Directions: You find your study load is too heavy. Write a letter to your college teacher:
The need to drop two courses,
Explain the reasons,
Ask if it is possible to obtain a refund.
Dear Professor Shakespeare:
I am writing to formally request to withdraw from two courses: Introduction to Elementary Education and Teaching Methods.
The main reason for reducing my course load is that I am finding it extremely difficult to manage six courses. Because I really have to work part time, I have no other choice but to decrease my course load. I would also like to request a tuition refund. I am sorry for any inconveniences I have caused by this change in plans.
This decision was not taken lightly, and I do appreciate the kind consideration you have shown to me. Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at 82036600. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
（七）道歉信：
Directions: One of your pen pals will shortly be visiting your city. For some reason, you cannot manage to meet him at the airport on time. Write a letter to him/her:
Explain the reasons,
Ask him to wait for you at the airport,
Tell him how to identify you.
Dear Wangcai:
I am very much looking forward to your visit to my city. Just think: after all these years of writing to each other, we will finally have the chance to meet! However, I regret to inform you that I will not be able to meet you at the airport as soon as you arrive.
The reason is that your flight will arrive early in the morning, and the quickest I can get to the airport will be about an hour after your land. Please wait for me in the arrival lounge.
By the way, as we have never met I must tell you how to recognize me: I am of medium height and have a small mustache. Looking forward to our first meeting.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
（八）邀请信：
Directions: You want to invite some friends to a party. Write an invitation letter to them individually:
Invite them to the party,
Elaborate on the reason why such a party should be held,
What activities will be arranged for them.
Dear Snoopy:
I am greatly honored to formally invite you to participate in Mr.
Old Fish’s wedding ceremony with Miss Fujiwora to be held at Beijing Grand Hotel from 8 to 10 p.m. on April 1, 2006.
As you are a close friend of us, we would very much like you to participate in the celebration and share our joy. The occasion will start at seven o’clock in the evening, with the showing of their wedding ceremony. This will be followed by a dinner party. At around ten, we will hold a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some works by Bach and Strauss.
If you do not have any prior appointment on April 1, we look forward to the pleasure of your company.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
（九）个人简历：
RESUME
Li Ming
P. O. Box 237, Beijing University
5, Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871
Tel: 62768888 Email: Liming@https://www.doczj.com/doc/7816760538.html,
Career Objective: A position with management potential in the banking business specializing in international corporate financing
Educational Background:
Sept 2001 to Beijing University
July 2005 Major in International Business Management
Main courses include English, Computer, Business Management, Accounting, International Commercial Law
Work Experience:
July 2004 to Bank of China
June 2005 Internship, Secretary to Deputy Manager of Marketing
Draft business correspondence
Schedule deputy manager’s appointments
Qualifications: University graduation certificate and bachelor degree to be conferred upon graduation (2005)
College English Test Band 4 June 2004
Honors & Awards: Twice awarded scholarship by Beijing University 2002& 2003
Special Skills: Familiarity with Microsoft Word, Excel
Ability to work independently
Good Organizational skills
Experience: President of Student Union 2002－present
Personal Data: Date of Birth: 9/17/1985
Gender: Female
Marital Status: Unmarried
第 四 节
一、写作原则：兴趣原则
1、听说：
1）原版电影：Friends, Sex and City, Forrest Gump, Sleepless in Seattle，Sabrina
2）英美歌曲：Scarborough Fair
2、读写：
女生：Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), Jane Eyre (Charlotte Bronte), Love Story (Eric Segal)
男生：Holy Bible, Ancient Greek and Roman Mythology, The Old Man and the Sea (Earnest Hemingway)
二、翻译总论：中英差异
英语重结构、汉语重语意：
好好学习，天天向上：Work hard and make progress everyday.
你不知道谁知道：If you don’t know, who knows!
英语多长句、汉语多短句：
Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. (Bible)
地是空虚混沌，渊面黑暗；神的灵运行在水面上。
英语多从句、汉语多分句：
He could not see the green of the shore now but only the tops of the blue hills that showed white as though they were snow-capped and the clouds that looked like high snow mountains above them. (Ernest Hemingway: The Old Man and the Sea)
他眼下已看不见海岸的那一道绿色了，只看得见那些青山的仿佛积着白雪的山峰，以及山峰上空像是高耸的雪山般的云块。（吴劳译）
英语多代词、汉语多名词：
Erich Segal: Love Story
Jenny:“Oh, ‘what a falling off was there’. Who said that?”
Oliver:“I don’t know”, I replied, “Shakespeare?”
Jenny:“Yes, but who said it?” She said anxiously.
“ I can’t even remember which play it was in.”
英语多被动、汉语多主动：
1）常见句型：
It is said that据说
It is believed that人们认为
It is reported that据报道
It is estimated that 据估计
It must be pointed out that必须指出
It must be admitted that 必须承认
It has been found that 实践证明
It is suggested that 有人建议
It is agreed that人们认为
It is imagined that 人们认为
It cannot be denied that 不可否认
It will be seen from this that 由此可知
It should be realized that 必须认识到
It is always stressed that人们总是强调
It is generally considered that 人们普遍认为
It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张的说
主被均可：
That book must have been taken away by Wang Fei.
In the development of social economy, the culture tradition must be kept.
The economic development is decided to great extent by science and technology.
主译为宾：
New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the past time.
4) Gettysburg Address：Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. (Abraham Lincoln)
林肯《葛底斯堡演讲》：87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它主张自由，并且信仰一种理论，那就是人类生而平等。
英语多变化、汉语多重复：
“Man’s Youth”（Thomas Wolfe）：Man’s youth is a wonderful thing: it is so full of
anguish and of magic and he never comes to know it as it is, until it has gone from him forever.
《青春啊青春》：青春是如此的奇妙，充满着苦痛，也充满着神奇。翩翩少年永远不知青春为何物，直到年华已逝，才如梦初醒。
英语多抽象、汉语多具体：
lack of perseverance三天打鱼、两天晒网
await with great anxiety望穿秋水
with great eagerness 如饥似渴
Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will
have to accept more “unnatural food.”
英语多引申、汉语多推理：
You know a word by the company it keeps. 知人看伴，知词看文
Words do not have meaning, but people have meaning for them. 词本无义，义随心生
The Ten Secrets of Abundant Love（Adam Jackson）”The Power of Passion”: Passion can be recreated by recreating past experiences when you felt passionate.
《爱的十大秘密》：当你充满激情的再现以往经历时，你就会再现激情。
英语多省略、汉语多补充：
William Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet
Juliet: My bounty is as boundless as the sea,
My love as deep: the more I give to thee,
The more I have: for both are infinite.
我的慷慨像海一样浩渺，
我的爱也像海一样深沉；我给你的越多，
我自己也是越富有：因为这两者都是没有穷尽的。（朱生豪译）
To err is human; to forgive, divine. 犯错人人难免，宽恕实属超凡。
One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.
10、英语多前重心、汉语多后重心：
三、论说文总论
1、万能句型：
1）第一段：
现状说明：教材45页“用于文章开头的语句”
V．用于文章开头的语句
1. ..., most/many people believe that ..., but other people
2. When it comes to ..., people's opinions differ. Some hold the opinion that ..., while others claim that ...
3. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the of .... Some people claim that ..., while others believe that ....
4. There is a general discussion today about the of .... Those who criticize ... argue that .... They believe that ... But people who advocate ..., on the other hand, argue that ....
5. Most people are of the opinion that .... But I personally believe that ....
6. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to realize that ....
7. Now, it is generally acknowledged that ..., but I doubt whether ....
图表描述：教材44页“用于描写图片或数据的语句”
III．用于描写图片或数据的语句
1. In 1990, it increased/decreased from ... to ...
2. By comparison with 1998, it decreased/increased by
3. The figure has nearly doubled, that of last year.
4. It has almost , compared with ...
5. The number is as much as that of 1990.
6. It ... percent of the total.
7. The number was ..., a of the 1990 total.
2）第二段：
原因列举：教材45页“用于解释原因的语句”
IV．用于解释原因的语句
1. T
he phenomenon/change in ... mainly the fact that ...
2. One may regard the phenomenon as a ...
3. There are many for this dramatic growth/decrease. First, ... Second, ... Finally, ...
4. A number of factors can account for the change in ...
5. Another contributory factor of ... is ...
6. Why ...? Perhaps the primary reason is ....
7. ... is also responsible for the in ...
观点陈述：教材43页“用于比较、驳斥的语句”
I．用于比较的语句
1. The advantages of A outweigh any benefit we gain from B.
2. Good as A is, it has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it ...; for another, it ....
3. Although A has advantage over B ..., it can not compete with B in ...
4. A's advantage when B's advantages are considered.
II．用于驳斥的语句
1. Although a lot of people believe that ..., I whether the argument bears
2. As opposed to widely held ideas, I that ...
3. Although the popular is that ..., (a) current indicates that ...
4. They may be right about ..., but they seem to to the fact that ...
5. Although it is widely accepted that ..., it is unlikely to be true that ...
6. It is true that ..., but that ...
7. There is/are reason(s) for us to that ...
8. What these people fail to is that ...
9. may that .... It probably will. But ...
10. It is one thing to believe that ..., but it is quite another to say that ...
3）第三段：教材46页“用于文章结尾的语句”
VI. 用于文章结尾的语句
, we may safely draw the conclusion that ....
2. All the evidence supports an unshakable conclusion that ....
3. It is (high) time that we placed great emphasis on ....
4. It is (high) time we put an end to the undesirable phenomenon of ....
5. There isthat further attention must be paid to the problem of ....
6. It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.
2、经典范文讲析：
1）教材11页：1
2）教材18页：18
四级作文范文选
（供学生参考背诵）
2000年六月真题 例文 讲析
1. Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Some people argue that it is absolutely necessary to hold a test of spoken English in China because we have been informed frequently that a Chinese student who has been learning English for over ten years cannot even communicate with a native speaker. Sometimes even those top students who excel in grammar and writing skills find their English inadequate to express their thoughts freely. A test of English will bring the college students an awareness of the importance of oral English, and will thus help them with their communicating skills.
On the other hand, some others still maintain that a good command of reading and writing skills will be enough for the English learners. To some extent their opinion derives from the fact that students are already under consi
derable pressure from their coursework. Another required test will only add to their burden. Moreover, some students may take the shortcut by focusing on several guessed questions according to the fixed format of the test, hoping for a coincidence to bring them good luck.
In my opinion, a test of spoken English will do more good than harm. Since China will continue its policy of opening and reform, the ability to speak English fluently is a must for anyone who wants to surpass others in a highly competitive society. Whether I take the test or not, I shall spare no efforts to practice oral English in the remaining years of my college study.
1995年一月真题 例文 讲析
2. My View on Wealth
There is no consensus of opinions among people as to the view of wealth. Some people claim that wealth is the most powerful and important thing in life, while some other people believe that there are many things that can not be bought with wealth.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. Just as an old saying goes "Money can cure hunger, but it can't cure sadness," which means wealth can buy us some material things but can not make us happy and free from sadness and worries. In fact, happiness, true love, friendship, time, health are the most valuable things in the world and can never be bought with money. Those who try every means to make money for nothing just can't realize the true meaning of life and become the slaves of wealth. We should not live for money and consider it to be everything.
For example, a millionaire who suffered from serious cancer was willing to buy his health at the expense of his whole fortune, but he failed and soon died in despair. This story tells us that money is far from omnipotence.
In conclusion, I believe that money is not all powerful and there are some more important things that make our life meaningful and worth living. What we should bear in mind is that, "Money is a good servant but a bad master."
1995年六月真题 例文 讲析
3. Jobs for Graduates
Job hunting has always been a headache for college graduates. Though many graduates are employed right after graduation, some are not. Most serious of all, some still have no idea where to go working even a long time after graduation.
The reasons for this phenomenon are various. On the one hand, a few years ago colleges and universities enrolled so many students in popular majors, such as economy, finance and so on that the number of graduates was greater than the need in the market. On the other hand, most graduates would rather stay in large cities without suitable job to do than go to the country.
I think the problem can be solved if both colleges and students take measures. First, they should research the market and develop special skills to suit its need. Second, students' attitude towards employment should be changed. They should go to some small cities and country. There they can also give full play
to their professional knowledge. In a word, if we pay much attention, the problem can be solved.
3、图表作文：
1）表格图特点： （1）数据多 （2）点到为止 2）表格图策略：首尾呼应
教材10页：Changes in People's Diet
柱状图：纵横推论（根据横坐标的发展，来描述纵坐标的变化）
1991年六月真题 例文 讲析
［标题］ Changes in People's Diet
Directions: Write a three-paragraph composition to:
1. State the changes in people's diet in the past five years.
2. Give possible reasons for the changes.
3. Draw your own conclusion.
You should quote as few figures as possible.
Year 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Grain 49% 47% 46.5% 45% 45%
Milk 10% 11% 11% 12% 13%
Meat 17% 20% 22.5% 23% 21%
Fruit and Vegetables 24% 22% 20% 20% 21%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
[短文]
Changes in People's Diet
As can be seen from the table, great changes have been taking place in people's diet in the past five years. Grain, as the main food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role, while the proportion of some high-energy foods, such as milk and meat, has increased.
What has caused these changes? I think there are two reasons. First, people now have more money. The price of meat and milk is much higher than that of grain, so in the old days people couldn't afford them. Now they have enough money to buy both meat and milk. Second, people nowadys pay more attention to the elements of their diet. They look for a well-balanced diet that will be good for their health.
In short, there have been changes in people's diet in the past five years because of financial and health reasons, and there will be further changes in the future.
教材16页：Population of a Small Island State
饼状图：纵横推论（根据横坐标的发展，来描述纵坐标的变化）
Population of a Small Island State
Directions: Write a composition based on the following graph. The composition should be entitled "Population of a Small Island State."
From the diagram, we can see that between 1900 and 1950, the population of the state remained a little less than 200,000. Since 1951 it has been increasing rapidly. In the past four decades, the population has gone up by over three times.
There are several reasons for the increase. Firstly, the open policy being carried out in the state has enabled many foreign labourers to work there. Secondly, the beautiful scenery of the small island has attracted many tourists and some of them have been permitted to settle there. In addition, the government may not have realized the necessity of controlling population.
If this trend continues, it is no doubt that the small state will suffer from various kinds of problems caused by overpopultion, such as lack of land resources, food shortage and traffic conges
tion. Therefore, actions should be taken to control the increase of the population.
教材17页：Changes in College Students' Ways of Spending Summer Vacation
Changes in College Students' Ways of
Spending Summer Vacation
Outline:
(1) state the changes briefly
(2) give possible reasons for the changes
(3) predict the trend of changes
College Students' Ways of Spending Summer Vacation
A. staying at home
B. traveling
C. doing social investigation
D. other ways
From the two charts, we can see that in the past ten years the number of students who go travelling or do social investigation during summer vacation has increased greatly while that of those who stay at home has decreased a lot.
There are several reasons for the changes. Firstly, with the development of economy, many people have become rich. Students can get financial support from their parents for travelling. Secondly, tourism has greatly developed over the past ten years. Many new scenic spots have been built. In addition, the open policy has brought in from some other countries some harmful ideas on politics and thus aroused among college students some false opinions about China, so the government has been encouraging college students to do investigations on the rapid development in both urban and rural areas.
From the changes in the charts, we can predict that more and more college students will make their summer vacation interesting and meaningful by going to the outside world instead of staying at home.
议论文
4、真题回顾：
1990年6月真题作文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title: Make Our City Greener. Your composition should be based on the following outline:
1．城市绿化的现状
2．绿化的好处（如：清洁空气，美化城市，改善气候……等等）
3．怎样才能实现绿化
Your composition should be no less than 100 words. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet. Remember to write it clearly.
1991年1月真题作文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about Bicycle — An Important Means of Transport in China. You should base your composition on the following outline:
1．为什么自行车在中国这样普及
2．和汽车比较
3．自行车在中国的前途
Your composition should be no less than 100 words. Remember to write your composition on the Composition Sheet.
1991年6月真题作文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on Changes in People's Diet.
Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
1. state the changes in people's diet （饮食）in the past five years;
2. give possible reasons for the changes;
3. draw your own conclusions.
Yo