The United States
I. Choose the correct answer.
1. In area, the United States is the c largest country in the world.
a. 2nd
b. 3rd
c. 4th
d. 5th
2. The Midwest in the US refers to the region d .
a. west of the Mississippi Valley
b. west of the Appalachian Mountains
c. east of the Rocky Mountains
d. around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley.
3. The Backbone of North America refers to the b .
a. Appalachian Mountains
b. Rocky Mountains
c. the Rocky Mountains
d. Sierra Nevada Mountains
4. Death Valley is on the western edge of a .
a. the Great Basin
b. California
c. the Rocky Mountains
d. the Sierra Nevada Mountains
5. Which region might have a dust storm in summer c
a. The Deep South.
b. The Middle West.
c. The Great Plains
d. The Central Valley of California.
6. Which area has the highest rainfall in the US b
a. The region around the Great Lakes.
b. The western part of Washington State.
c. The Middle Atlantic states.
d. The Central Valley of California.
7. The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except b .
a. Canada
b. Japan
c. Venezuela
d. Saudi Arabia
8. The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in b .
a. California
b. Utah
c. Montana
d. South Dakota
9. The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of ancestry. c
a. Spanish
b. French
c. British
d. Dutch
10. How many immigrants were legally received by the US each year during
the 1980s b
a. About 270,000.
b. About 700,000.
c. About 675,000.
d. About 800,000
11. The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US until
d .
a. 1860
b. 1863
c. 1918
d. 1954
12. American Indians now mainly live in the a .
a. South
b. West
c. Midwest
d. Northeast
13. The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countries
except c .
a. Mexico
b. Cuba
c. Spain
d. Puerto Rico
14. According to the text, which region now leads in percentage increase
in population c
a. The Northeast.
b. The Great Plains.
c. The South.
d. The West.
15. According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in
the US is c .
a. California
b. New York
c. Texas
d. Washington
16. The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all
region b .
a. the Northeast
b. the South
c. the Midwest
d. the West
17. According to the text, the ancestors of the present American Indians
came from c .
a. Europe
b. Africa
c. Asia
d. Mongolia
18. Which is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15th century a
a. The ambition for the cast lands.
b. The strong desire for Eastern goods.
c. The improvements in navigation and naval architecture.
d. The great spirit of adventure started by the Renaissanc
e.
19. On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach c .
a. the New world
b. the West Indies
c. India
d. America
20 Among the following navigators who discovered the route to India b
a. Christopher Columbus.
b. Vasco da Gama.
c. Bartholoneu Diaz.
d. Ferdinand Magellan.
21. Who was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the East
b
a. Jacques Cartier.
b. John Cabot.
c. Bartholeneu Diaz.
d. Ferdinand Magellan.
22. Which colony in the following was not founded first by the English
c
a. Virginia.
b. Massachusetts.
c. New York
d. Georgia.
23. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones except
d .
a. New York
b. Pennsylvania
c. Maryland
d. Virginia
24. The last one fo the 13 colonies was c , which was established in 1733.
a. North Carolina
b. South Carolina
c. Georgia
d. Maryland
25. There was a great change in British policy towards the 13 colonies
after .
a. 1760
b. 1763
c. 1764
d. 1767
26. Which Act first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies b
a. The Sugar Act of 1764.
b. The Stamp Act of 1765.
c. The Quartering Act of 1765.
d. The Tea Act
27. The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parliament in order to
c .
a. get more money from the colonies
b. provide cheap tea for the American consumers
c. help the British East India Company
d. monopolize the American tea business
28. The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives
from all the colonies except d .
a. Delaware
b. Pennsylvania
c. Massachusetts
d, Georgia
29. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in
b .
a. Concord
b. Lexington
c. Philadelphia
d. Boston
30. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urged the American colonists to
d .
a. abolish slavery in the colonies
b. continue a shipping trade with England
c. win independence through peaceful means
d. declare their independence
31. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was
b .
a. Benjamin Franklin
b. Thomas Jefferson
c. George Washington
d. John Adams
32. Which victory was considered as the turning point of the War of
Independence c
a. The victory at Trenton.
b. The victory at Boston.
c. The victory at Saratoga.
d. The victory at Yorktown.
33. The Confederation created in 1781 was a a .
a. very loose union of states
b. very powerful central government
c. very firm league of states
d. weak government without the legislative power
34. Who was called the Father of the US Constitution d
a. George Washington.
b. Benjamin Franklin.
c. Alexander Hamilton.
d. James Madison.
35. According to the text, the Constitution was framed on the following ideas except that d .
a. there should be three branches of government: one to make laws, another to execute them, and a third to settle questions of law
b. the three branches should be able to check and balance the other
c. the national government is a government of the people, and not of states alone
d. the new government should impose its authority on the people through states
36. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called c .
a. Democrats
b. Republicans
c. Federalists
d. Antifederalists
37. How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution b
a. Eight
b. Nine
c. Eleven
d. Thirteen
38. Which is incorrect to comment on the Federalist Papers d
a. They support the ratification of the Constitution
b. The defend the principles of the Constitution
c. They help dispel the fears of a national authority
d. They spell out the people’s right
39. The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at least
c of the states.
a. one-third
b. two-thirds
c. three-fourths
d. three-fifths
40. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the US president
was b .
a. Thomas Jefferson
b. James Madison
c. John Adams
d. James Monroe
41. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas except
d .
a. non-colonization
b. America for Americans
c. non-intervention
d. Latin America for Europeans
42. The US continental expansion was almost complete by d .
a. 1840
b. 1845
c. 1846
d. 1848
43. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the South mainly because
of the b .
a. use of irrigation on plantation
b. Whitney’s cotton gin
c. slave labour
d. improved agricultural techniques
44. in 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some b .
a. slaveholders
b. abolitionists
c. democrats
d. proslavery persons
45. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that he
b .
a. would abolish slavery in the South
b. would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the Union
c. would wage a war against slavery
d. had no idea to abolish slavery in the South
46. Which of the following statements about the Emancipation Proclamation
is not accurate a
a. It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States.
b. It freed slaves only in the Confederacy.
c. It brought many blacks to serve in the Union Army.
d. It gave the North a high moral reason for continuing the war.
47. the most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its d .
a. manpower
b. superior military leadership
c. European allies
d. industrial superiority
48. An advantage the South had over the North was its d .
a. great mineral resources
b. great number of railroads
c. manpower
d. superior military leadership
49. The first US president who faced impeachment proceedings was
b .
a. James Buchanan
b. Andrew Johnson
c. Ulysses S. Grant
d. Rutherford B. Hays
50. The radical Reconstruction was ended under President d .
a. Abraham Lincoln
b. Andrew Johnson
c. Ulysses S. Grant
d. Rutherford B. Hays
51. Gold was discovered in California in c .
a. 1828
b. 1838
c. 1848
d. 1858
52. The first transcontinental railroad in the US was completed in
c .
a. 1850
b. 1859
c. 1869
d. 1890
53. Telephone was invented in 1876 by b .
a. Thomas B. Edison
b. Alexander D. Bell
c. Guglielmo Marconi
d. George Westinghouse
54. According to the text the value of manufactured goods in the US was worth twice as that of her agricultural products by d .
a. 1860
b. 1890
c. 1894
d. 1900
55. The first imperialist, the US-Spanish War, broke out in c .
a. 1886
b. 1890
c. 1898
d. 1900
56. After US-Spanish War, the US acquired all the following areas except
d .
a. Puerto Rico
b. Guam
c. the Philippines
d. Cuba
57. By the beginning of the 20th century the country that took the first
place in economy in Europe was a .
a. Germany
b. France
c. Britain
d. Russia
58. When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called
upon the American people to b .
a. be ready for the war
b. observe strict neutrality
c. give financial help to the Allies
d. end the trade relations with Germany
59. The US joined the First World War in d .
a. 1914
b. 1915
c. 1916
d. 1917
60. Wilson’s Fourteen Points did not include the point of d .
a. disarmament
b. creation of an international organization of nations
c. freedom of the seas, in peace and war
d. creation of an international peacekeeping force
61. Which statement about the US in 1920s is not true b
a. The gross national product rose.
b. Only the rich could afford new consumer goods.
c. The youth suspected the values of the older generation.
d. There was a fast urbanization in the whole country.
62. In responding to the Depression, President Hoover thought that the
basic role of the Government was to b .
a. provide government aid for the poor
b. create conditions favorable to the development of private enterprises
c. intervene in the affairs of economy
d. take the responsibility for the welfare of the people
63. The agricultural Adjustment Act was an attempt to deal with the farmers’ problem of d .
a. soil erosion
b. declining labor supply
c. inflation
d. overproduction
64. Which one is not right to comment on the New Deal d
a. It relieved unemployment through a vast scheme of public works.
b. It offered relief to farmers through providing money at low rates of interest.
c. It brought in old age and unemployment insurance through providing a system of pension.
d. It reduced the commodity prices by limiting production and devaluing the dollar.
65. Between 1935 and 1939, American foreign policy included all of the following except d .
a. the prohibition of the sale of arms or equipment to nations at war
b. the prohibition of loans to belligerent nations
c. cash-and-carry policy
d. active intervention to prevent aggression
66. The US formerly entered the Second World War in d .
a. 1937
b. 1939
c. 1940
d. 1941
67. Normandy Landing took place on a .
a. June 6, 1944
b. July 6, 1944
c. April 30, 1945
d. April 12, 1945
68. At which conference did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agree to call
a conference of all the United Nations in San Francisco in April 1945 d
a. The Conference in Teheran, on Nov. 28, 1943.
b. The Conference in Cairo, on Nov. 23, 1943.
c. The Conference at Dumbarton Oaks, in the fall of 1944.
d. Yalta Conference, in Feb. 1945.
69. The post-World War II program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as c .
a. containment policy
b. Truman Plan
c. Marshall Plan
d. Communist prevention
70. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the philosophy of b .
a. economic equality
b. nonviolence
c. military protest
d. black power
71. Thousands of American soldiers were sent to Vietnam under President
c .
a. Dwight D. Eisenhower
b. John F. Kennedy
c. Lyndon B. Johnson
d. Richard M. Nixon
72. The formal diplomatic relation at the ambassadorial rank between China
and the US was established under President b .
a. Nixon
b. Carter
c. Reagan
d. Bush
73. The power of the state in the US is actually from d .
a. the central government
b. the state constitution
c. the US Constitution
d. both b and c
74. The supreme law of the United States includes d .
a. the US Constitution
b. treaties under the authority of the United States
c. laws to ensure the constitutional power being practiced
d. all the above three
75. The terms of the senator and representative are d and years respectively.
a. two…four
b. two…three
c. two…six
d. six…two
76. Which Amendment provided for the direct election of senators b
a. The 16th Amendment (1913)
b. The 17th Amendment (1913)
c. The 18th Amendment (1919)
d. The 19th Amendment (1920)
77. Certain presidential appointments must be approved by a majority vote
in d .
a. Congress
b. the House
c. the Supreme Court
d. the Senate
78. All revenue or tax bills must be originated in b .
a. the Cabinet
b. the House
c. the Senate
d. the Executive Office
79. Who is second in line in presidential succession a
a. The Speaker of the House.
b. The Vice President.
c. The president pro tempore.
d. The leader of the majority party in the Senat
e.
80. In the House, the power to decide when the full House will hear the
bill is vested in a .
a. the Rules Committee
b. the standing committee
c. Subcommittee
d. the select committee
81. Which one in the following limits the President to two successive terms only c
a. The 20th Amendment (1933)
b. The 21st Amendment (1933)
c. The 22nd Amendment (1951)
d. The 23rd Amendment (1961)
82. The American President has all the following powers except c .
a. deploying armed forces
b. making treaties
c. declaring war on another country
d. granting pardons
83. The president’s major appointments should be approved by c .
a. Congress
b. the House
c. the Senate
d. the Supreme Court
84. Which is not correct to explain the executive agreement c
a. An agreement between the president and another country.
b. It has the force of a treaty.
c. It requires the approval of Congress.
d. It does not require the Senate’s advice and consent.
85. the President’s veto can be overridden by two-thirds votes in
c .
a. the House
b. the Senate
c. both houses
d. the Supreme Court
86. The federal courts that regularly employ grand and petit juries are
c .
a. the Supreme Court
b. the courts of appeal
c, the district courts
d. specialized courts
87. The highest authority of the Supreme Court is d .
a. to review decisions of the courts of appeal
b. to review decisions of the federal district courts
c. to try the impeachment case
d. to interpret the US Constitution
88. The cases involving copyright, trademark, counterfeiting, and bank robbery are usually first tried in c .
a. the courts of appeal
b. the appellate court
c. the federal district courts
d. the state supreme court
89. The emblem of the Democratic Party is b .
a. elephant
b. donkey
c. bear
d. bull
90. The first Democratic President was c .
a. George Washington
b. Abraham Lincoln
c. Thomas Jefferson
d. Andrew Jackson
91. The first Republican President was b .
a. George Washington
b. Abraham Lincoln
c. Thomas Jefferson
d. Andrew Jackson
92. The only Democratic President who served two separate terms between the end of Civil War and 1912 was a .
a. Grover Cleveland
b. William McKinley
c. Theodore Roosevelt
d. Woodrow Wilson
93. The presidential candidate of the major party is nominated b .
a. at the state convention
b. at the national convention
c. by the leaders from state party organizations
d. by the party’s national committee
94. In the presidential election year the American voters vote on the
a .
a. Tuesday after the first Monday
b. first Tuesday
c. Tuesday after the second Monday
d. Monday after the first Tuesday
95. The number of the presidential electors in each state is equal to the number of c .
a. its senators
b. its representatives
c. its senators and Representatives
d. its counties
96. The American President is actually elected by c .
a. the House
b. the Senate
c. presidential electors
d. American citizens
97. Who is chiefly responsible for education in the US
a. The federal government.
b. The state government.
c. the county government.
d. The local government.
98. In the US school system, there are twelve levels called c .
a. classes
b. divisions
c. grades
d. degrees
99. The elementary and secondary education in the US lasts c .
a. 8 years
b. 10 years
c. 12 years
d. 14 years
100. The average teacher salary in private secondary schools is b that in public schools.
a. higher than
b. lower than
c. almost same as
d. half of
101. A great majority of doctor-level universities in the US are c .
a. private
b. supported by religious groups
c. public
d. supported by private funds
102. After completing four-year study in a college, the student usually
can earn c .
a. a university degree
b. graduate degree
c. a bachelor’s degree
d. a master’s degree
103. In order to remain in college the student must maintain at least a average. b
a. B
b. C
c. D
d. F
104. The first daily newspaper in America was published in c .
a. 1690
b. 1775
c. 1783
d. 1800
105. Which newspaper first uncovered the Watergate scandal in 1972 b
a. New York Times.
b. Washington Post.
c. New York Daily News.
d. Los Angeles Times.
106. The world most-read magazine is c .
a. TV Guide
b. Time
c. Reader’s Digest
d. People Weekly
107. The TV networks in the US are owned b .
a. by the federal government
b. by private companies
c. by state government
d. by local governments
108. Democratic and Republican National Conventions were televised for
the first time in c .
a. 1945
b. 1950
c. 1952
d. 1960
109. Which one in the following is not proper to describe the American
family values d
a. Individual freedom.
b. Belief in equality.
c. Personal independence.
d. Formal and strict relations between parents and children.
110. If a junior staff member challenges and argues points with an older
executive, the junior is considered being d .
a. impolite
b. rude
c. immoral
d. harmless
111. To make distinctions between persons, the Americans may use b .
a. the family title
b. the occupational title
c. Mr. or Ms.
d. Sir or Ma’am
112. To Americans, if weaknesses were pointed out by others, it would be c .
a. disgraceful
b. all right
c. resentful
d. indifferent
113. By American standards, which one in the following is not a taboo d
a. Financial affairs.
b. Person’s age.
c. Religion.
d. Person’s work.
114. According to the text, which word in the following is not proper to describe an American c
a. Optimistic.
b. Acquisitive.
c. Formal.
d. Frank.
II. Fill in the blanks:
1.“The backbone of the continent” refers to .
(the Rocky Mountains)
2.During Ratification, those who supported the Constitution and
preferred a strong national government were called , their
opponents were called . (Federalists,
Antifederalists)
3.The war of 1812 was also known as for America got
economically independent after it. (Second War of Independence)
4.Washington D. C. is situated on River which is the
traditional dividing line between the South and the North.(the
Potomac)
5.The United States is the most populous country. (third)
6.In his Abraham Lincoln expressed his ideas of a
democratic government “of the people, by the people and for the
people.”(Gettysburg Address)
7.In the year , President Nixon visited China, and later during
‘s presidency, formal diplomatic relations between China and the
United States were established. (1972, Jimmy Carter)
8.The division of powers by a constitution between the central
government and state government is called .
(Federalism)
9.By law any American citizen of and over years of
age and of being a resident within the United States for years can run for the President. The duly elected and duly qualified
president-elect takes office on the of January following
his election. (natural-born, 35, 14, 20th)
10.When a Bill is vetoed by the President, it can still become a law if
the Congress . the veto by a vote of both houses.
(override, two-thirds)
11.The United States is bordered on the north by , on the south
by and , on the east by , and on the west
by . (Canada, Mexico, The Gulf of Mexico, The Atlantic,
the Pacific)
12.Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, they
became a center for . and . The middle colonies were known
as the , which produced wheat and potatoes as the major
staple. The southern colonies developed a . system. The main
crop in the South was , much later, .(fishing,
shipbuilding, breadbasket, plantation, tobacco, cotton)
13.The First World War was waged between tow groups of imperialist
powers: . and . ( the Allies/the Entente, the Central
European Powers)
14.The major triumph for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was the
formation of the . (League of Nations)
15.The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted
in , which granted women the right to .(1920, vote)
16.The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of the
in New York in October, . This economic distress extended
to Europe, Asia, Australia and South America. (stock market, 1929)
17.The candidate with the most voters in a state wins all of that state’s
votes. This is known as the “”principle. The candidates
who wins the of the 538 Electoral College votes will be US
President in the next four years. (electoral, winner-take-all, 270)
18.American universities offer three main categories of graduate degrees:
1) , 2) , 3) . (bachelor’s, master’s, Ph. D)
19.Each of the fifty states in the US provides a free schooling of
years to its residents. (12)
20.Among the five Great Lakes, only Lake belongs entirely to
the US. (Michigan)
21.The emblem of the Democratic Party is , and that of the
Republican Party is . is considered the first
Democratic President, and first Republican President is .
(donkey, elephant, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln)
III. True or False Statements:
1.People usually regard Christopher Columbus as the discoverer of the
New World, though before him, Norsemen from Scandinavia had already
found this continent.
2.During the Ratification of the Constitution, Thomas Jefferson and
other federalists worked hard to support a strong central government.
3.The Missouri Compromise brought a solution to the immediate problem
of the extension of slavery.
4.Germany’s unrestricted submarine campaign against merchant ships was
one of the reasons that pushed America into World War I.
5.Standing committees are permanent ones to determine whether proposed
legislation should be presented to the entire House or Senate for
consideration.
6.Louisiana Purchase was the largest real estate deal in US history,
which got for America the present Louisiana State.
7.Franklin Roosevelt was one of the greatest American Presidents whose
New Deal effectively put an end to the Great Depression.
8.The Vice President is officially the presiding officer of the House
of Representatives, and in his absence, the president pro tempore
takes his place to deal with day-to-day business.
9.Immediately after Abraham Lincoln took office, the southern states
began to secede from the Federal Union and organized the Confederate
States of America.
10.The people of the US are predominantly white, among whom the most
powerful and influential group is the White Anglo-Saxon Protestants who are the descendents of the early English settlers.
11.Voting requirements are different in one state from another, and
voting qualifications are not determined by federal government. 12.When the state governments act out the powers given to it in the
constitution, the Federal Government has no right to interfere. 13.In the U.S.A., every state constitution divided political power among
three elements.
14.The power of the state in the US is actually from the state constitution
and the US Constitution.
15.The supreme law of the United States includes the US Constitution,
treaties under the authority of the United States and laws to ensure the constitutional power being practiced.
16.It was the New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate scandal
in 1972.
17.Generally speaking, older people with more education and high income
tend to vote while the youth, especially aged 18 to 21, has the lowest voting percentage in the United States.
18.As the opposite of Federalists, the Anti-Federalists insisted on the
expansion of slavery in the country.
IV. Explain the following terms:
Federalism
Melting pot
Mosaic
Separation of powers
Judicial review
Winner-take-all
Filibuster
Pocket veto
Cold war
New Deal
Missouri Compromise
V. Questions for discussion
1.How many states are there in the United States And which two states
are geographically separated from the others
2.What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the
Appalachian Mountains
3.Do you think that geography has played an important role in the economic
development of the United States Explain.
4.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”
5.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United
States
6.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs
7.Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.
8.Why did the discoveries of the New World before Columbus not exert great
influence in the world at that time
9.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century
10.What was the social structure of the 13 colonies
11.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days
12.How do you understand checks and balances in American political system
13.What do you know about the American Civil War, its causes, process,
results, etc
14.How do you comment on the constitutional division of powers in American
political system
15.Which president in American history do you think is the greatest Why
https://www.doczj.com/doc/7d6009716.html, two universally celebrated holidays in America and describe how
people usually celebrate them.
VI. Questions based on further reading
1. Where can you see the Old Faithful Geyser
a. Yellowstone National Park
b. Death Valley
c. Great Lakes
d. Lake District
2. In 1884 when fund-raising in America for the base of Statue of Liberty was in difficulty, . came to the rescue.
a. Daniel Joncaire
b. Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi
c. Jeanne Emilie
d. Joseph Pulitzer
3. “We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.”The sentence is taken from .
a. Declaration of Independence
b. the Thirteenth Amendment
c. Bill of Rights
d. Emancipation Proclamation
4. is a legislative device to thwart majority action on a measure by prolonging or delaying a veto.
a. Filibuster
b. Tie vote
c. Pocket veto
d. Override
5. American Civil War broke out in .
a. Fort Sumter
b. Fort Jefferson
c. Fort Pickens
d. Fort Taylor
6. The time period traditionally assigned to Reconstruction is to .
a. 1861, 1865
b. 1862, 1868
c. 1863, 1878
d. 1865, 1877
7. In the presidential election of 2000, the disputed state was .
a. Florida
b. Ohio
c. California
d. Pennsylvania
8. An important aspect of the separation of powers is that the power of
one branch should not be exercised by anyone who holds a position in
another branch. (T)
9. In the early days of the United States, loyalty to one’s state often
took precedence over loyalty to one’s country. (T)
英语国家概况美国部分精讲系列 Chapter: 13 geography 地理位置 1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American.Alaska northwestern Can ada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific. 阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州.阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋.（本细节还有考“一句话简答”的可能） 2.The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres.It is the fourth largest co untry in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China. 就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国. 3.Of all states of American,Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the smalles t.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country. 所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州. 4.The Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the C ontinental Divide. 落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭. 5.The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast. 阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉.（本细节有考“一句话简答题”的可能）
学院 专业班级 学 号 姓 名 教室 号 座位 号 . ———— 装 —————订 — ————线——————外——————不——————要——————答 — ———— 题 — ——— ( 第 1 页， 共6 页 ) 页 ) ( 第 2 页， 共 6 页 ) 湖南涉外经济学院2016-2017学年度第 一 学期期末课程 《英语国家概况》考察试卷 专业年级： 2014级商英本科 考核方式：闭卷 考试时量：90分钟 试卷类型： 题 号 一 合计 复核人 应得分 100 实得分 得分 评卷人 复核人 I.You are required to interpret the following terms.（10X5′） One Standard English Two Magna Carta Three The Reformation Four The Seperation of Three Powers Five Thatcherism Six Critical Realism Eight Thanksgiving Day Nine the Lost Generation Ten Industial Revolution II You are required to answer the following questions.(5X10) 1. How does the english language develops into a universal lingua franca? 2. What is the British Empire? 3. What do we know about the Renaissance? 4. Why is American regarded as a “nation of immigrants ”? 5. What is your understanding of “checks and balance ”?
The United Kingdom I. Multiple Choice 1. The was “the greatest progressive revolution that mankind had so far experienced, a time which called for giants and produced giants—giants in power of thought, passion, and character, in universality and learning”(Engels). a. Renaissance b. Industrial Revolution c. Reformation d. Bourgeois Revolution 2. is regarded as the first English Prime Minster. a.D uke of Willington b.William Gladstone c.Benjamin Disraeli d.Sir Robert Walpole 3. The official head of Parliament is . a. the Prime Minister b. the Monarch c. the Speaker d. the Chancellor 4. The present sovereign of Britain is . a. Elizabeth I b. Elizabeth II
c. Elizabeth III d. Edward II 5. is a day to commemorate the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. a. Christmas b. Good Friday c. Easter Monday d. Boxing Day 6. published his book On the Origin of Species which caused a stir in Victorian times. a. Adam Smith b. Charles Darwin c. Thomas More d. Francis Bacon 7. The largest section of Great Britain is . a. Scotland b. Wales c. England d. Northern Ireland 8. The Lake District is well known for . a. its wild and beautiful scenery b. its varied lakes c. the Lake Poets
第7章工业革命、美国独立战争和法国革命 7.1 复习笔记 I. The American Revolution II. The French Revolution III. Prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution IV. The Industrial Revolution and Its Consequences 1. The Industrial Revolution 2. Its Consequences I. The American Revolution (美国独立战争) 1. The Navigation Acts (passed in 1651) were intended to increase the prosperity of English merchants and ship builders. 1651年通过了《航海条例》，有利于英国商人和轮船制造者的发展。 2. The process (过程) ①The war broke out in April 1775. ②In October, 1777, the American army won a great battle at Saratoga, which was a turning point. ③By the Treaty of Paris in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the United States.
①战争开始于1775年4月。 ②1777年10月，美国军队取得萨拉托加大捷，这是美国独立战争的转折点。 ③1783年《巴黎和约》，英国承认了美国的独立。 II. The French Revolution (法国革命) 1. The French Revolution broke out in 1789 and Thomas Paine published “The Rights of Man”. 2. In 1793 Britain became the chief leader of a military alliance with Austria and Prussia against revolutionary France. 3. The allies met at the Congress of Vienna and fought for the spoils of victory. England obtained Ceylon, the-Cape of Good Hope, and a number of Spanish, Dutch and French colonies. 1. 1789年，法国革命爆发，潘恩发表《人权宣言》。 2. 1793年，英国联合澳大利亚和普鲁士，反对法国革命。 3. 盟国在维也纳分赃会议上瓜分胜利品。英国得到锡兰，好望角，以及西班牙，荷兰和法国的殖民地。 III. Prerequisites for the Industrial Revolution (工业革命的必要条件) 1. The conditions for the Industrial Revolution : ①the accumulation of capital; ②the development of capitalist farming and the appearance of a labor reserve; ③the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign. 2. Britain’s population grew fast in this period and the people were skilled in
英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一） British Survey Test Part I Geography 1. The total area of the U.K. is _____. A. 211,440 B. 244,110 C. 241,410 D. 242,534 2. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K. A. northern B. eastern C. southern 3. The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is _____. A. Northern Ireland B. England C. Scotland 4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary. A. Wales B. Scotland C. England 5. Wales was effectively united with England in the _____ century. A. 14th B. 15th C. 16th 6. By the Act of Union of _____ Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain. A. 1707 B. 1921 C. 1801 7. Physiographically Britain may be divided into _____ provinces. A. 13 B. 12 C. 14 8. Mt. Ben Nevis stands in _____. A. the Scottish Highlands B. Wales C. England 9. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____. A. north to south B. south to north C. east to west 10. Cheviot hills lie along the border between _____ and England. A. Scotland B. Wales C. Vale of Eden 11. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. Severn B. Clyde C. Bann 12. London is situated on the River of _____. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey 13. Edinburgh is the capital of _____. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales 14. The rivers flowing into the _____ are mainly short. A. North Sea B. English Channel C. Dee estuary 15. Mt. Snowdon stands in _____. A. Scotland B. Wales C. England 16. The source of the important River Thames is in the _____. A. Cotswolds B. Oxford Clay C. Pennines 17. About _____ of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources. A. 50% B. 38% C. 42% 18. Gaelic is mainly spoken in _____. A. Scotland B. England C. Northern Ireland 19. The Bank of England was nationalized in _____. A. 1964 B. 1946 C. 1694
第7章美国文学 7.1 复习笔记 I. A General Introduction II. Fiction III. Poetry IV. Drama I. A General Introduction (简要介绍) 1. The history of American literature is comparatively short, roughly about 200 years. 美国文学的历史很短，大约200年。 2. Many famous writers have earned great fame in the world, such as Walt Whitman, Mark Twain, Theodore Dreiser, and Ernest Hemingway. 很多著名作家已赫然立于世界文坛之上。例如惠特曼、马克·吐温、西奥多·德莱赛和欧内斯特·海明威。 II. Fiction (小说) 1. America did not have its fiction until Washington Irving. 美国的小说从华盛顿·欧文开始。
2. American contemporary literature has continued to undergo healthy development in producing new forms and new language. 美国的现代文学继续健康发展，不断涌现出新的形式和新的语言。 3. In 1990s, American literature takes much newer directions and varieties in quality. 20世纪90年代，美国文学呈现出很多新的趋势和种类。 4. There appeared some famous fiction writers in American literature. 美国文学史上出现了很多著名的小说家。 (1) Washington Irving (1783—1859) (华盛顿·欧文) ①Regarded as the “father of American literature”, Washington Irving was the first American to achieve international literary reputation. ②His most famous story “Rip Van Winkle”helps Irving earn great fame in the literary world. ①华盛顿·欧文是第一个在国际上享有盛誉的美国作家，被称为“美国文学之父”。 ②他最著名的故事是“瑞普·凡·温克尔”，使欧文在文学界获得很高的名望。 (2) Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804—1864) (纳撒尼尔·霍桑) ①Hawthorne is a famous American writer in romantic fiction and a pioneer in psychological description. ②His most famous novel is The Scarlet Letter. ①霍桑是美国浪漫主义小说的著名作家，也是心理描写方面的先驱。 ②他最著名的小说是《红字》。 (3) Mark Twain(1835—1910) (马克·吐温)
America The Founding of Colonies殖民地的建立 First Inhabitants：American Indians Discovery of the New World： 1492 Christopher Columbus →the discoverer of America (Italian)Spanish Queen’ s support 1501-2 Amerigo Vespucci →the new land was name after him as America. reached the mouth of Amazon River America—the New World Europe—the Old World 13 colonies： New England Colonies: Mid Atlantic Colonies: Southern Colonies: Massachusetts →（2nd colony，1620）New York Maryland New Hampshire Pennsylvania Virginia →（1st colony，1607）Rhode Island Delaware North Carolina Connecticut South Carolina Georgia →（the last colony，1733）New England Region（6个）: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont 建立原因： Virginia, 1607 Virginia Company For foreign expansion as a way of easing religious dispute and economic distress in England 105 men (no women) Jamestown in honor of the king Massachusetts In 1620 102 Puritans (“Pilgrim Fathers”), in Mayflower, from Plymouth in England to America First in Plymouth (today’s Massachusetts); and then Boston Seek religious freedom Mayflower Compact <五月花号公约>：self-government Hardships when arrived the help of the Indians Thanksgiving Day to thank the Indians and the God for protection The next three colonies Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Reasons: 1. religious disputes and struggles in Massachusetts intensified 2. more immigrants
英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分） 英美概况考试重点复习材料（英国部分） Chapter 1第一章 Land and People 英国的国土与人民 I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wale大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府：爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府：加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府：贝尔法斯特。 5. The monwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has about 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931 年，至1990年止已有约50个成员国。 Chapter 2 第二章 The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066)英国的起源（公元前5000年—1066年）
Exercises of Chapter One I. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, choose the best one to complete the statement. 1. The national flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses. A. one B. two C. three D. four 2. Which flower is the symbol of England/Scotland/Wales/Northern Ireland? A. Thistle B. Shamrock C. Daffodil D. Rose 3. The highest mountain peak in Britain is in ________. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 4. The largest lake in Britain is ______. A. Loch Lomond B. the Lough Neagh C. Windermere D. Ullswater 5. The largest lake in Britain is located in ________. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 6. The Lake District is well-known for________. A. its wild and beautiful scenery B. its varied lakes C. the lake Poets D. all of the above three 7. The British Isles are made up of______. A. two large islands and hundreds of small ones B. two large islands and Northern Ireland C. three large islands and hundreds of small ones D. three large islands and Northern Ireland 8. Which is the largest city in Scotland? A. Cardiff B. Edinburgh C. Glasgow D. Manchester 9. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain. A. one B. two C. three D. four 10. Among the four political divisions of Britain, __________ is the most densely populated. A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northern Ireland 11. The capital of Scotland is __________. A. Belfast B. Cardiff C. Edinburgh D. Dublin 12. Britain’s climate is influenced by ______that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles. A. the Atlantic Gulf Stream B. the Brazil Current C. the Labrador Current D. the Falkland current II. Read the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False. 1. To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Scotland. 2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are England，Scotland and Wales. 3. The Pennines are known as the “Backbone of England”. 4. London, the capital of the UK, is situated on the Severn River near its mouth. 5. The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 6. The longest river in Britain is River Thames. 7. On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. 8. God Save the Queen is a national anthem used only in Britain. 9. The highest point of the Pennines is Cross Fell which is 893 meters high.
Chapter 13 geography 地理位置 I. Location and size 1. The full name of the United States is the United States of America. The continental United States lies in central North America with Canada to its north, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to its west. Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in America. Alaska borders on northwestern Canada and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific. 阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。 2. The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。 3. Of all states of American, Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest. But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country. 所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。 II.Topography 1. Mountains (1)The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast. 阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。（本细节有考―一句话简答题‖的可能）
1 《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices: 1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____. A. Scafell B. Ben Nevis C. the Cotswolds D. the Forth 2. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. the Clyde B. the Mersey C. the Severn D. the Thames 3. The largest lake in Britain is _____. A. the Lough Neage B. Windermere Water C. Coniston Water D. the Lake District 4. Which part of Britain is always fighting? A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northem Ireland 5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____. A. Europe B. the United States C. Africa D. the West Indies, 6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____. A. the Normans B. the Celts C. the Iberians D. the Anglo-Saxons 7. British Recorded history began with _____. A. Roman invasion B. the Norman Conquest C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion 8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English. A. John B. James I C. Egbert D. Henry I 9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey. A. 1056 B. 1066 C. 1006 D. 1060 10. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty. A. Windsor B. Tudor C. Malcolm D. Plantagenet 11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament. A. Henry III B. the Pope C. Barons D. Simon de Montfort 40 美国概况练习题： 1 The world-famous Havard University is in _____. A Massachusetts B New York C Washington D.C. D Maine 2 Which of the following statements about American education is wrong? A Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsory B Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations or individuals. C There are more public colleges and universities than the private ones D Credits taken at community colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-year bachelor’s degree. 3 _____ is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment. A Broadway B Wall Street C The Fifth Avenue D Times Square 4 ____ is not a tourist attraction in the United States. A Yellowstone National Park B Grand Canyon C St. Patrick’s Cathedral D Stonehenge 5 ____ was an actor before he became the President. 41 A Ronald Reagan B Abraham Lincoln C Herbert Hoover D Jimmy Carter 6 New Englanders were originally known as _____, which come to stand for all Americans. A Hippies B Yankees C Uncle Sam D Brother Jonathan 7 On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in _____, which housed the government then. A New York B Washington D.C. C Philadelphia D Boston 8 Which of the following people was not an American President? A John Hancock B John Adams C John Q. Adams D Jimmy Carter 9 Henry Fond was the first man to _____. A design a plane B fly an aeroplane C mass-produciton D design and make a car 10 “That government of the people, by the people, for the people, …”were the words by _____. A Thomas Jefferson B Abraham Lincoln C Andrew Johnson D Theodore Roosevelt 练习题答案及题解: 1 A, 哈佛大学位于马萨诸塞州的剑桥(Cambridge)镇。 2 C, 在美国，私立高等教育机构要多于公立的。象麻省理工，耶鲁大学，哈佛大学都是私立的。 3 A, 百老汇是一条由南向北贯穿曼哈顿全岛的大道，其中心地带是在第42借“时代广场”附近，周围云集了几十家剧院，上演被称为现代歌舞剧的剧目。4 D, Stonehenge 在英国，是古代城池的遗迹。 5 A, 里根从政前曾经在好莱坞闯荡20多年，参与演出了50多部电影。 6 B, Yankees 一词具有丰富的含义。现在用于
American Survey Test 地理 1. The _____ part of America consists of high plateaus and mountains formed by the Great Cordillera Range. A. eastern B. western C. northeastern 2. In eastern _____ lies Death Valley, 85 metres below sea level. A. California B. Utah C. Arizona 3. In the west of the _____ lie the Colorado Plateaus and the Columbia Plateaus. A. Rocky Mountain B. Coast Range C. Cascades Mountains 4. The _____ lies between the Colorado Plateaus and Columbia Plateaus A. Great Basin B. Colorado Valley C. Great Plains 5. The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____. A. California B. Arizona C. Wyoming 6. The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the Colorado River. A. Arizona B. Utah C. Montana 7. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States. A. Erie B. Superior C. Michigan 8. Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical. A. Florida B. Georgia C. Virginia 9. Washington, the capital of the US, is on the _____ river. A. Potomac B. Delaware C. St. Laurence 10. The width of the Niagara Fall is about _____ metres and the drop average _____ metres. A. 1650, 50 B. 1240, 49 C. 1540, 49 11. _____ part is the most densely populated region in America. A. The southern B. The northeastern C. The western 12. The Great Salt Lake lies in northern _____. A. Idaho B. Arizona C. Nevada D. Utah 13. _____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”. A. Philadelphia B. Plymouth C. Boston 14. About _____ of the world’s annual agricultural products come from the United States. A. half B. one third C. two thirds 15. The highest mountain in the U.S. is Mount _____. A. Appalachian B. Mekinley C. Rocky 16. Mount Mekinley lies in the _____ Range. A. Sierra Nevada B. Cascades C. Alaska 17. The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____. A. New York B. San Francisco C. Miami 18. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____. A. Superior B. Ontario C. Victoria 19. The world-famous Niagara Falls lie between lakes of _____. A. Erie and Michigan B. Erie and Ontario C. Superior and Haron 20. _____ of the America’s territory is covered with forests. A. 1/4 B. 1/5 C. 1/3