英语国家概况2

《英语国家概况(二)》15春在线作业1一,单选题1. Which one is not considered as the most famous boarding private schools in Britain?A. Eton CollegeB. Harrow SchoolC. Woodland Junior SchoolD. Rugby School?正确答案：C2. The first known settlers of Britain were （）.A. the JutesB. the CeltsC. the SaxonsD. the Iberians?正确答案：D3. Which of the following word can be used to describe the outstanding feature of the Irish weather?A. changeableB. humidC. sunnyD. dry?正确答案：A4. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The （） has very little power.A. queenB. monarchC. prime ministerD. king?正确答案：B5. In England, Wales, parts of Canada, and in some other countries of the Commonwealth of Nations, （） is a popular term applied to December 26, the day following Christmas Day.A. EasterB. LentC. Boxing DayD. Remembrance Day?正确答案：C6. Under Margaret Thatcher’s administration, Britain experienced （）.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression?正确答案：B7. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950， and 1960s was based on the theory of（）.A. Adam SmithB. John M. KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx?正确答案：B8. The Lake District is famous for （）.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the Lake PoetsD. all of the above?正确答案：D9. In Britain only about （） of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.A. 2%B. 3%C. 4%D. 5%?正确答案：A10. （） was the first Australian to win a Nobel Prize in literature.A. Henry LawsonB. Adam Lindsay GordonC. Patrick WhiteD. Kylie Tennant?正确答案：C11. The House of Commons consists of （） Members of Parliament.A. 651B. 1,200C. 1,198D. 763?正确答案：A12. Among the following poets, （） doesn’t belong to the Victorian Poets.A. T. S. EliotB. Alfred TennysonC. Robert BrowningD. Matthew Arnold?正确答案：A13. The British Isles are made up of（）.A. two large islands and hundreds of small onesB. two large islands and Northern IrelandC. three large islands and hundreds of small onesD. three large islands and Northern Ireland?正确答案：A14. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in （）.A. 200B.C.B. 55 B.C.C. 55 A.D.D. 410 A.D?正确答案：D15. What are the three colors that constitute the Republic of Ireland's national flag?A. orange, white and greenB. orange, green and blueC. white, green and redD. white, blue and green?正确答案：A16. Ireland also has a small indigenous minority known as （）.A. CelticB. TravelersC. NormansD. Vikings?正确答案：B17. Britain’s climate is influenced by （） that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles.A. the Gulf StreamB. the Brazil CurrentC. the Labrador CurrentD. the Falkland current?正确答案：A18. Since 1991, how many women presidents have the Irish elected?A. twoB. threeC. fourD. none?正确答案：A19. Which is the largest city in Scotland?A. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester?正确答案：C20. Normally, it will take （） years to get an undergraduate degree.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 2?正确答案：A二,判断题1. Dublin, the capital the Republic of Ireland, was ranked 16th in a worldwide cost of living survey in 2006.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B2. Britain is home of the world's largest foreign exchange market and the world's richest football club—Manchester United.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B3. The longest river in Britain is River Thames.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：A4. "Urban Dublin" includes not only Dublin City, but also the contiguous suburban areas that run into the adjacent counties of Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal and South Dublin.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B5. Mrs. Thatcher's government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade, using both macroeconomic and microeconomicpolicies.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B6. The Merlion has been erected as a symbol to welcome all visitors to Singapore.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B7. Ireland’s popu lation is predominantly of Irish origin, but ancienttribes had inhabited Ireland for thousands of years when Celtic peoples settled the island in the 4th century BC.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B8. The Miles Franklin Award is the first literary award in Australia.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B9. The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B10. The South Island is somewhat humorously called the Mainland because it existed first according to Māori legend.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B11. New Zealand holds a special position in the world in that it has two national anthems.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B12. Prime Minister is the leader of the British government.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B13. The River Shannon is the longest river in both Ireland and Britain, and has influenced the military, social and economic history of Ireland.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B14. The majority of traditional English poems were written in iambic pentameter.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B15. London, the capital of the UK, is situated on the Severn River near its mouth.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：A16. Like all British universities, Buckingham University is also partially funded by central government grants.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：A17. The monetary unit of Ireland is the single currency of the European Union(EU), the Euro. Ireland was among the first group of EU member states to adopt the Euro.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B18. Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, is a city with the largest population.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：A19. Public schools are mainly financed by fees paid by parents.A. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：B20. On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and IrelandA. 错误B. 正确?正确答案：A。

英语国家概况下册笔记English: When learning about English-speaking countries, it is important to understand that there are several nations around the world where English is the primary language spoken. Some of the most well-known English-speaking countries include the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Each of these countries has its own unique culture, history, and customs. The United States, for example, is known for its diverse population and its promotion of individual freedoms. The United Kingdom is famous for its rich history, including the monarchy and iconic landmarks such as Big Ben and Buckingham Palace. Canada is known for its stunning natural landscapes and its commitment to multiculturalism. Australia is renowned for its laid-back lifestyle, beautiful beaches, and unique wildlife. New Zealand is famous for its breathtaking scenery, including mountains, lakes, and lush green countryside. Despite their differences, these English-speaking countries share a common language and a legacy of colonial history that has shaped their identities.中文翻译: 在学习英语国家的时候，重要的是要理解在世界上有几个国家是英语是主要使用的语言。

英语国家概况（2）作业答案作业1Explain the following terms:1.The Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness . It also explained the philosophy of governments: the powers of governments came from the consent of dthe governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.2. Columbus's discovery of AmericaChristopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, believed that by sailing west from Europe he could reach the East. In 1492, he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support his voyage . He landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea and thus discovered the New World . Based on his voyage, the Spanish King claimed the territory of the Americas and later conquered the native Americans and establisheda huge empire.3. the Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.4. the making of the U.S. ConstitutionThe Articles of Confederation failed . The Congress decided to hold a constitutional convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. The delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island refused to participated) gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 and ended up in writing a new constitution and set a federal system with a strong central government. The Constitution provided that an election of the president would be called, federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate and a Supreme Court would be set up. This new Constitution was finally aproved by the majority of the citizens in over 9 of the 13 was officially put into effect in 1787.5. Industrial Revolution in AmericaAfter independence, America was principally an agricultural country .The Industrial Revolution in England brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. One key development was the introduction of the factory system. A second development was the "American system "of mass production . A third development was the aplication of new technologies to industrial tasks. A fourth development was the emergence of new forms of business organization--- the bank and the corporation..Fill in the blanks:1. Virginia, 16072. Puritans3. The American Revolution4. the stamp tax , the tea tax5. Philadelphia6. 1787 , George Washington7. the executive , the judical8. 269. Alexander Hamilton10. the Democratic Party, the Republican party , conservativeAnswer the following questions:1.George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams2. A.The growth of capitalism; B. The Renaissance;C. The Religious Reformation3. A. challenging the authority of the Pope; B. salvation through faith;C. establishing a direct contact with God.4. A. the Bill of Rights B. the judicial reviewC. the political party system5. the Democratic Party, the Republican Party6. I Have a Dream7. The legislative8. A. The new states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other.B. The Congress could not raise money to pay the national army and to pay debtsowed to France and other nations.C. The Congress had no fpower to tax any citizen.9. Firearms industry10. tobacco and vegetable oil作业2Explain the following terms:1.“WASP” culture“ WASP” , which stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, is believed to be the basis of mainstream culture of the United States.2.American characteristics of religionThe Bill of Rights of the U.A. Constitution provides that there is no state religion and that church and state must be separated. American religious beliefs continue to be strong with social progress. In the United States, every church is a completely independent organization and concerned with its own finance and its own building. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history.3.Leaves of GrassA collection of poems written by Walt Whitman. It is a ground-breaking book. Whitman used free-flowing structures and long irregular lines in his poetry. He ventured beyond traditional forms to meet his need for more space to express the American spirit. In one of the poems “Song of Myself”he dwelt on himself because he saw himself as a prototype of “The American”.4. Mark TwainMark Twain is the pen name of Samuel Clemens He was one of the greatst American writers. He captured a peculiarly American sense of humor. He represented a new American Voice. His major work was The Adventures of the Huckleberry finn(1884) which has been called the greatest novel in Amecans Literature5．The Servicemant’s Readujstment ActThe Servicemen’s Readjustment Act was passed in 1944/ It was soon popularly called the GI Bill of Rights. GI was a nickname for the American soldier. The nickmane came from the abbreviation for “Government Issue”--- the uniforms and other articles “issued “to a soldier. The Act promised financial aid , including aid for higher education to members of sthe armed forces.Fill in the blanks:1. Ireland Italy2. the Protestant , the Catholic , Jewish3. First Amendment4. The Jungle5.“the Lost Generation”6.The Grapes of Wrath7.85 , 15cation, 139.tuition, governmentAnswer the following questions:1.Protestant , Catholic , Judaism2.J.F Kennedy3. A. for having a place in a community B. for identifying themselves with dominantvalues.C. for getting dtogether with friends.4. Kohn Dos Passos , Ernest Hemingway , F.Scott fitzgerald5. Stephen Crane , Jack London , Theodore Dreiser6. Ralph Waldo Emerson , Henry David Thoreau7. Mathematics , languages, science , social studies, music, physical education8. Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University9. A. attending lectures and complete assignments, B. passing examinationsC. earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college.10. A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude Tests作业3Explain the following terms:1.the Civil Rights MovementOne of the most important of all social movement in the 11111960s U.S. history. Rosa Parks’spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement. The black students’sit-in at a department lunch counter in ffBorth Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights movement. During sdthe first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like SNCC, CORE, and SCLC struggled for racial integration sfby providing leadership, tactics, network and the people. In the latter half of dfthe decade, some black organizations changed their sdfnonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the self fmage of fthre blacks. The civil rights movement produced such great leaders ad Martin Luther King, Jr., and MalcolmX., who inspired a dgeneration of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equalityk in the U.S.2.Martin Luther King,Jr.Martin Luther king, Jr., an atlanta-born Baptist minister, was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rights movement of 1960s. to promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregation and other kinds of social injustice, King organized a series of “marches”, including the March on Washington of fAugust, 1963, when King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech As a civil rights leader, King worked not only to end racial discrimination and poverty, but also to raise the self imagde dof the blacks. Due to his strong belief in nonviolent peaceful rotest, King wa awarded the Bobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was assassinated in the city of Memphis in April 1968.3.socially stratified American societyAmerican society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and prestige are unequallydistributed. It is divided into social classes that have varying degrees of access to the reward the society offers. For example, the richest fifth of American individuals and families owns more than three-quarters of the wealth in the United States, whereas the lowest fifth owns only 0.2% of fthe wealth. The richest fifth of American families receives over 40% of the national income, whereas the poorest fofth receives only 5.2%.4.The American System of ManufactureThis is the system of using assembly line for mass manufacture of products. The system originated in John H Hall’s idea of producing weapons using interchangeable part, was developed into the science of management by Frederick W Taylor, and was first successfully used on a large scale by Henry Ford in the production of Model T. The system significantly lowers unit cost and makes less demand on the skill of workers. On the other hand, it has ben blamed for making work dreary, mindless and alienating5.Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison is a well-known American inventor. Among his many inventions are: electric lamp, phonograph, motion pictures and parallel circuit.Fill in the blanks:1.Greensboro, sit-ins2.the youth anti-war, the women’s movement3.Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee , theCongress of Racial Equality4.Rosa Oarks5.the blacks, 11.7%(12%)6.male, young, a member of racial minority7.Nixon8.mechanical reaper , Cyres H Mccormick9.Stevens,10.The Pony Express SystemAnswer the following questions:1.Ku Klux Klan2.They resented traditional white male values in U.S. society3.The “Hippies”4. A. Blacks felt that the black community ought to coexist with other groups.5. B.Blacks felt that “black is beautiful”.C.Blacks felt more and more proud of themselves.6. bribery, tax evasion, false advertising7. A. Racial prejudice against themB. Low social status of these groups.C. Poverty and unemployment among minority groups8. A. There is a strong association between drug use and crimeB. Drug dependence takes a significant toll in terms of personal health and safetyC There are great economic losses because of drug abuse9. Telegraph10. Henry Ford作业4Explain the following terms:1.Y ellowstone National ParkThe Y ellowstone National Park is the oldest and one of the largest national parks in the US. It is named after the river that flows through the area. It is known for its geysers and hot springs. One of the most famous of the geysers is the Old Faithful.2.The Grand Canyon National ParkThe Grand Canyon National Park is America’s most famous scenic wonder. It is a huge gorge slowly carved away for nearly 6 million years by the waters of the Colorado River. The canyon is so deep that there are 4 distinctive zones of climate from top to bottom. Located in Arizona, it attracts over 4 million visitors each year. The Park was established in 1908 by President Theodore Roosevelt.3. Super BowlSuperbowl is the name of final match of American Football, which decides the champion team for the year.4. NBANBA stands for Bational Basketball Association . Founded in 1950, it is the association of professional teams in the US. It has two divisions : the Eastern Division and Western Division.5. jazz musicEarly jazz music first appeared in the Southern city of New Orleans at the end of the 19th century. It was a blend of folk music, work chants, spirituals, marches, and even European classical music. A defining mark of this early New Orleans jazz was that a group of musicians improvising their notes in changing chords around a specific melodic line. All jazz bands use such instruments as a trumpet, a clarinet, a trombone , and percussion instruments like the drum, banjo, and guitars. Jazz deveoped into the 1920’s with two different ly, the Chicago style jazz and the New Y ork style, each style having its own formost jazz musiciansFill in the blanks:1.Florida Keys, Key West, Earnest Hemingway2.glaciers3.Hollywood, Los Angeles4.American Football Conference , National Football Conference5.offensive, defensive6.Eastern Division , Western Divisionrry Bird, Magic Johnson8.African- American9.cakewalk , blue10.SatchelmouthAnswer the following questions:1.The Rocky Mountainske Plac id3. a well-known football athlete4.Baseball5. Technical foul6. A. It initially appealed to young and rebellious.B. Jazz musicians worked Indian American music into the musicC. Jazz music was made modified and became more refined7.Blues refers to a type of slow, sad music from the Southern U.S. , from the city of Bew Orleans. The Blues is derived from a blend of field chantey and spiritual--- a form of hymn singing prevalent in African-American Christian churches. The tradition of the vocal ballad usually accompanied by a guitar, also contributed to the blues form. The music of the blues has a peculiar, poignant sadness. The lyrics of the blues pieces are sardonic filled with wry, self-deprecating humor8.The origin of the chicago style jazz.。

The eastern highlands…… country’s continental territory. F The climate……..and tropical zones. TAlmost through the middle…….50-centimeter rainfall line. T New York is ………..Staten Island ,and Queens. TSan Francisco is ………are located here. FHalf of the ………metropolitan centers . FThe Blacks brought ………in the North. FDuring the 1830s……..came to America . TAlmost half of the ……were Asians . TBasic American ……standard of living . TAmerica was ……..after Colunbus . TThe second Continetal………Thomas Jefferson . FThe Civil War……..indivisible nation . TMany American …….the Vietnam War . FDuring Clinton’s term…….of unemployment . TIn 1990,Amrican,…….out of Kuwait . TAccording to the ……on September 11,2001 . FThe American ………”axis of evil “. TOn March 19,2003……an invasion of Irap . FAlthough the combat……withdraw tis army. TBill of Rights ……..in 1787 . FThe form of …….the rule of law . TThe U.S Congress…..the House of Lords . FCertain presidential……by Congress . TThe judicial …….the district courts . TLike Britain….a two-party system . TThe Democratic …….of its ideology . FAmerican presidential ……..practice . TAmerican foreign …..was neutrality . FAmerican foreign……containment and intervention . T America is the ….industrial nation . TAmerica has a mixed ……control over businesses. F Charter companies ……of the U.S . TIn the U.S ……...could be identified . TAlthough slavery . …...agricultural products . FPresident Roosevelt’s ……..the early 1930s . FThe 1960s was …..the American businesses . FAmerican agricultural …….balance of trade . TAuto production ……….manufacturing industry . TThe world economy ……foreign trade . FEducation is governed…..in America . TAll American children…….public education . TThe first formal ……called kindergarten . FAfter 12 years of …….at graduation . FWhen selecting a college…..academic quality . TIn American institutions….the administration . F Usually ,an undergraduate …….receive a degree . T Yale university is ……..the United States . FIt is The New York Times…….two reporters.F Thanksgiving Day………..in November . F Jonathan Edwards……..American literary spirit . T Walt Whitman …..free verse. TEmily Dickinson’s poems……the individual . F Stephen Crance is ………in Europe . FEzra Pound …….highly visual presentation . TAs a Jewish writer….and social problems . TJack Kerouac’s ….”the Beat Generation” . TAlice Walker was ………is her masterpiece . T America’s most …..in form and style . FArthur Miller was ……is his masterpiece . TIn terms of ……..in the world . TThe name …..in the Aboriginal larguage . FThe first documented …….by Abel Tasman . F Australia Day…..on January 26 . TThere was a period of …..the gold rush . T Austrilia suffered ………the 19th century . TThe purpose of …… immigrant numbers . FIn World War I……were volunteers . TThe economy ….in the 1920s . TIt was Britain………during World War II . F Australia’s government …….of liberal democracy. F The party or group….in Australia . TThe Australian …….or by referendum . FIn Australian the King…….head of state . TThe Australian ……to make laws . FFor Australian citizens ……at election time . FThe result of …….Prime Minister . T Preferential representation ……in Australia . F Multiculturalism …….Asian ethnic backgrounds . F Since Australia……of agricultural products . F New Zealand is …..the Pacific Ocean . TNew Zealand is a …..almost no plains . FThe highest peak …..the Southern Alps . TIn New Zealand….is the hottest . FAgricultural is ….in suburban areas . FIn 1907 ….like Australia and Canada . THelen Clark ……of office . TLike many other …….written constitution . FThere is only …the House of Representatives . TThe Maori language …….in New Zealand . TThe United States has : 48 CThe state of___: Alaska AThe US lies in : central , east , west .BThe largest river:the Mississippi River . BSome of the world : in New England .C___is located on : Niagara Falls . CThe native Alaskan : Blacks .DThe largest minority :Blacks . BThe Immigrants Act : Europe .AThe characteristic : English-speaking …..and middle-class .D The first successful : Jamestown,Virginia . CPilgrim Fathers are : Puritans . BThe Seven Years’War: French and British .C“No taxation without” : the people of the 13 colonies .DThe first shots of : Lexington .BIn May 1775 : the Second Continental Congress .BAbraham Lincoln : Emancipation Proclamation .CThe policy of : neutrality .APresident____applied : Roosevelt .CThe Vietnam War : Eisehower,Kennedy and Johnson .DThe US Constitution came into effect: 1789 .BThe Constitution of : tries to give ……balance the others .C The Bill of Rights:guarantees citizens of …r ights and freedoms .B The following except : the right to …..by police .BAll the following except : the Secretary of State .CThe following except :making laws .CAccording to the Constitution : all of the above .DThe terms for a Senator : six ,two .DThe Supreme Court : nine .DThe President is : the senators and representatives . CAmerica produces a major : ore .CThe modern American : colonial ……industrial economy. C Charactered companies : diplomatic authority . DThe first National Bank : Alexander Hamilton . DThe following inventions : refrigerator .DPresident Johnson : Unemployment Pension . DAbout___of American : one third . BThe following statements : Agribussinesses ….exports .B___is not one of : American Motors .DAt present ,US exports : 10%.AFormal education in the : elementary .COf the following subjects : politics and business education .BHigher education : Harvard University .BOf the following,___are not : research institutions .BOf the following,___is not : decide which student to enroll .DTo get a bachelor’s degree : working for communities .COf the following universities : Massachusetts ….Technology .B____is sold : Los Angeles Times .BOf the following,___is not : the Public ….Service(PBS) . BThe National Day : July 4th.BOf the following writers,___are….periods : Benjamin ..&…Edwards .C ____is regarded as : Washington Irving .DOf the following,___is considered : Moby Dick .COf the following …Hawthorne’s work : Nature .DOf the following …..Mark Twain’s works : an idealistic view .DOf the following writers ,__is not …nturalists: :Herman Melville .D F.Scott Fitzgerald’s:The Great …..Dream .AOf the following books : The Sound and the Fury .BOf the following writers,___is not …winner :Alice Walker .A___is the first African-American : Tony Morrison .B___is the lowest point : Lake Eyre .A___is Australia’s capital : Canberra .DBritain’s first permanent : 1788 .DThe Commonwealth of : 1901 .D___tried twice to : William Hughes . BThe first time that : during the Pacific War….II.CThe movement to gain recognition : 1960s .BAustralia completely : Gough Whitlam .BThe following were all aspects : enlarging….industry .AThe Howard government’s : the US,Japan ,China ,Indonesia .BOf the following,__is not….parties : The Australian Democrats .D Australia ranks : 53rd.CAustralia try to : good education or work skills .BAustralia’s high economic : effective economic management .B Australia’s economy depends : foreign trade .CAustralia is a leading : mineral resources .DAs an ideal place for : Japan and the United States .AAmong the following tourist : the Great Barrier Reef .C___is/are mainly responsible : State governments .BAustralian system of : outward discipline . C___is often referred to : The Stewart Island .DNew Zealand is a popular : dramatic and varied landscape .BThe climate in : temperate.C____were the first group :Maoris.ANew Zealand was granted : 1852 .BDuring World War II: the United States .B___is the head of : The Prime Mlnister .CThe Cabinet is responsible to : Parliament .A ___plays a general role :The High Court .A Schooling in New Zealand :from age 6 to 16 .C。