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英语国家概况归纳

英语国家概况归纳
英语国家概况归纳

Introduction to English-speaking Countries

第一章英国

●Full Name

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,简称“UK(联合王国)”。

●Geography

位于欧洲大陆西北部的Great Britain Island(大不列颠岛)上,东濒North Sea(北海),西临Atlantic(大西洋),南与European Continent(欧洲大陆)以English Channel(英吉利海峡)、Denver Channel(多佛海峡)相隔。由Great Britain(包括England、Scotland、Wales和Ireland东北部)和附近大约5500多个小岛组成。陆界与Republic of Ireland (爱尔兰共和国)接壤。国土总面积共24.18万平方公里,海岸线总长1.15万公里。

Ⅰ、Scotland(苏格兰地区)

Glasgow(格拉斯哥)——第一大城市(英国全境第三大城市),为苏格兰地区工业重镇,著名的Clyde(克莱德河)即流经此地。市里有University of Glasgow(格拉斯哥大学)、St Monger(圣蒙戈)大教堂和Hampton Court Park(汉普登公园)。

Edinburgh(爱丁堡)——第二大城市,为苏格兰自治政府所在地,历史悠久,素有“Northern Athens(北方雅典)”之美誉。城区以Princes Street(王子大街)为界,一边是New Town,一边是Old Town。著名古迹有:

Edinburgh Castle(爱丁堡城堡)、St Giles′Cathedral(圣吉尔教堂)、National Gallery of Scotland(苏格兰国立美术馆)、Scott Monument(司各特纪念碑)、Palace of Holyroodhouse(圣十字架宫)等。

著名学府有Edinburgh University(爱丁堡大学)和Heriot-Watt University(海里奥特-瓦特大学)等。

著名节日有Edinburgh International Festival of Music and Drama(爱丁堡国际音乐戏剧节,每年8月最后两周和9月第一周举行)、Film Festival(电影节)、Jazz and Blues Festival(爵士与蓝调音乐节)和Book Festival(图书节)等。

Nevis(尼维斯山)——英国最高山,海拔1343米。

Hadrian’s Wall(哈德良城墙)——位于苏格兰南部,公元2世纪初由Ancient Roman Emperor Hadrian为防御北方Celt(克尔特人)各部落的入侵而建,该土墙从东部的Tyne (泰恩河)到西部的Soleway Firth(索尔维海湾)横跨73英里,为苏格兰和南部的英格兰地区分界。

Lake District(湖泊区)——位于英格兰西北海岸,靠近苏格兰,边界方圆2300平方公里。湖区拥有英格兰最高峰Scafell Pike(斯科菲峰)和英格兰最大的湖Lake Windermere(温德米尔湖)。Cadbury(坎伯里山脉)横贯湖区,把湖区分为南、北、西三区,湖区北部最大的城镇是Keswick(凯斯维克)。

Ⅱ、England(英格兰地区)

英国四个行政区中最大的一个,位于大不列颠岛东南部,地是比较平坦,Pennies(奔宁山脉)纵贯其间,是英格兰的“Chine(脊骨)”。

London(伦敦)——英国首都,欧洲的经济文化中心,位于英格兰东南部平原上,横跨The Thames River(泰晤士河),距离The Thames River入海口88公里。

伦敦是全国政治中心。Palace of Westminster(威斯敏斯特宫)是The British Parliament (英国议会)的House of Lords and House of Commons(上、下两院)的活动场所,故又称为“Parliament Assembly(议会大厅)”。Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特大教堂)内有

20多个英国国王、著名政治家、军事家以及Newton(牛顿)、Darwin(达尔文)、Dickens (狄更斯)、Hardy(哈代)等科学家、文学家和艺术家的墓地。Buckingham Palace(白金汉宫)为英国王宫,是王室成员生活和重大国事活动的场所。Downing Street White Hall (白厅)为英国政府机关所在地,其核心No 10. Downing Street(唐宁街10号)是英国历代首相官邸。

伦敦也是世界文化名城。建于18世纪的British Museum(大英博物馆)是世界上最大的博物馆,另外还有The National Gallery(国家画廊),以及London University(伦敦大学)、Royal Music College(皇家音乐学院)和Empire College of Science and Technology(帝国理工学院)等著名高校。文物古迹和旅游景区有Tower of London(伦敦塔)、Palace of Westminster(威斯敏斯特宫)、Tower of Victoria(维多利亚塔)、Big Ben(大本钟)、Hyde Park(海德公园)、Greenwich Astronomical Observatory(格林威治天文台)、Royal Botanic Garden(皇家植物园)、Trafalger Square(特拉法加广场)、Regency Street(摄政街)等。伦敦还是许多国际组织总部所在地,如IMO Inner London(国际海事组织)、ICA(国际合作社联盟)、International Alliance of Women(国际妇女同盟)、Amnesty International (大赦国际)等。

英国报业的集中地在伦敦城的Fleet Steet(舰队街),著名的报刊有The Times(《泰晤士报》)、Financial Times(《金融时报》)、The Daily Telegraph(《每日电讯》)、The Guardian (卫报)等。BBC(The British Broadcasting Corporation,英国广播公司)和Reuters (路透社)也设于此。

Portsmouth(朴次茅斯)——英国南部中断沿海比较重要的商港和最老的海军基地之一,建于12世纪。

Birmingham(伯明翰)——英国仅次于伦敦的第二大城市,工业发达,是举世闻名的“Workshop of World(世界车间)”。

Manchester(曼彻斯特)——英国中部地区工商业、金融及文化中心,也是英国工业革命的发源地,这里有欧洲最大的Slums(贫民窟)。

Liverpool(利物浦)——位于英格兰西海岸Mercy(摩西)河口,为英国大工业中心和第二大商港,历史悠久。

Ⅲ、Wales(威尔士地区)

该地区有着浓厚的乡土气息和美丽的田园风光,是英国主要农牧区,主要发展养羊业、乳牛和园艺业。境内的Snowdon(斯诺登山)是英国第二高峰。

Cardiff(加的夫)——Wales的首府和政治、商业中心,位于Bristol Channel(布里斯托海峡),号称英国第七大城市。其公园世界闻名,有1200多座。

Ⅳ、Northern Ireland(北爱尔兰地区)

Belfast(贝尔法斯特)——Northern Ireland首府,英国西部港口城市。

●Climat

海洋性温带阔叶林气候,特点是湿润、温和,季节性温度变化小,多雨。4~9月为春夏季,晴朗温暖;10~翌年3月为秋冬季,潮湿寒冷。

●Education

University of Oxford(哈佛大学)、University of Cambridge(剑桥大学)、University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学)等。

●Festivals

1月

New Year:1日,元旦

Burns Night:25日,彭斯之夜,苏格兰庆祝国家诗人Robert Burns之庆典

2月

Corsairs’Day:中旬,海盗船节,有烧船仪式等

3月

St Patrick’Day:17日,圣帕特里克节,爱尔兰社区纪念其守护神。

Shrove Tuesday:忏悔星期二,煎煎饼和在Dorset(多塞特)举行街头足球赛

4月

Maundy Day:复活节前两周,濯足节,女王选定场所分发救济金给老年人。

Easter Day:星期一,复活节

5月

Ascension Day:复活节后40天,耶稣升天节,一些地区以花图画装饰水井

6月

Royal National Eisteddfod of Wales:第一周,威尔士皇家全国诗歌音乐比赛会

10月

Halloween:31日,万圣节,小孩子装扮成妖魔鬼怪,提南瓜灯,去邻居家要零食等

12月

Christmas Eve:圣诞前夕

Christmas Day:25日,圣诞节

Boxing Day:26日,按传统习俗,在这一天向仆人赠送礼品。

第二章美国

●Full Name

The United State of America(美利坚合众国),简称U.S.A,首都Washington(华盛顿),国土面积937.614万平方公里,是仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和中国的世界第四大国家。

●Geography

位于North America南部,北临加拿大,东南连Gulf of Mexico(墨西哥湾)和Mexico(墨西哥),东临The Atlantic Ocean(大西洋),西濒The Pacific Ocean(太平洋),由本土48个州,1个Direct Jurisdiction Area(直辖特区)——首都Washington Direct of Columbia(华盛顿市哥伦比亚特区)和2个远离本土的Outlying Territories(飞地)——Alaska(阿拉斯加州)和Hawaii(夏威夷州)组成,此外美国还拥有Guam(关岛)、Eastern Samoa(东萨摩亚群岛)、Puerto Rico(波多黎各岛)和US-Virgin(美属维尔京群岛)等海外领地。海岸线长22680公里。

主要山脉:

Apalachian Mountains(阿巴拉契亚山脉)、The Rockies(落基山)、Nevada Mountains (内华达山脉)等。

主要河流:

Mississippi(密西西比)、Hudson River(哈得孙河)、Colorado River(科罗拉多河)、Columbia River(哥伦比亚河)

主要湖泊:

五大湖区,由大到小依次为Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖)、Lake Huron(休伦湖)、Lake Michigan(密歇根湖)、Lake Erie(伊利湖)、Lake Ontario(安大略湖)。

Delta of Mississippi(密西西比河三角洲)——世界上面积最大的三角洲;Lake Superior ——世界上最大的淡水湖。

美国是Federal System(邦联制)国家,政府分为Central Government、Government of State 和Local Government三级,Local Government又包括County(县)、City(市)、Town(镇)、

School District(学区)、Franchise(特区)。

主要城市:

Washington D.C.(华盛顿市哥伦比亚特区)——美国首都、政治中心,该城市(全称)是为纪念美国开国元勋乔治·华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布而命名的。Whitehouse(白宫)、Congress(国会)、Supreme Court(最高法院)以及绝大多数政府机构均设在这里。The Congress Building(国会大厦)建在被人们称为“Capitol Hill(国会山)”的全城最高点上,它是华盛顿的象征。位于波托马克河彼岸的Pentagon(五角大楼),是美国国防部所在地。The Congress Building旁的Washington Memorial(华盛顿纪念碑),Jefferson Memorial (杰佛逊纪念堂)和Lincoln Memorial(林肯纪念堂)都是著名的纪念性建筑。Philadelphia(费城)——美国第四大都市。其在美国独立史上具有举足轻重的地位。具有重要历史意义的名胜古迹有:Independence Hall(独立纪念馆)、Congress Hall(议事厅)、Rodin Museum(罗丹博物馆)等。

New York City(纽约市)——位于美国东北部的大西洋沿岸,是世界上超级大都市之一,由五个独立的行政区:Brooklyn(布鲁克林)、Queens(昆士)、Bronx(布朗克斯)、Richmond (里士满)、Manhattan(曼哈顿)组成,其中市中心区Manhattan号称“Heart of New York (纽约的心脏)”,这里有United Nations Building(联合国大厦)、Rockefeller Center (洛克菲勒中心)、Wall Street、Broadway(百老汇)、Times Square(时代广场)等。New York City又是世界金融中心,National City Bank of New York(花旗银行)和Chase Bank (大通银行)都是名蜚全球的大银行。New York City还是国际政治和信息文化中心,联合国总部,一些国际性报纸New York Times(《纽约时报》)、Wall Street Daily(《华尔街日报》)和新闻领域三大广播公司National Broadcasting Company(全国广播公司)、American Broadcasting Companies(美国广播公司)、Columbia Broadcasting System(哥伦比亚广播公司)的总部都设在这里。

New York Pork(纽约港)是美国第一大港口,世界第三大港口,著名的Statue of Liberty (自由女神像)就屹立在New York Pork入口处的Island of Freedom(自由岛)上。Chicago(芝加哥)——美国仅次于New York的第二大城市,是世界上最繁忙的内陆港。市区高楼林立,以“Home of Skyscrapers(高层建筑的故乡)”闻名世界。Chicago Business Exchange(芝加哥商品交易所)是世界上最大的产品市场,拥有近3000个房间的Conrad·Hilton Hotel(康拉德·希尔顿大酒店)是世界上最大的旅馆。Chicago还是美国最大的制造业中心,被称为美国的“Mother of Industry(工业之母)”。由于气候无常,常年刮风,Chicago又被戏称为“Windy City(风城)”,夏季则能超过华氏90度。

San Francisco(圣弗朗西斯科/旧金山)——位于加利福尼亚西北部,气候宜人,是美国的主要贸易港和军事港。旧金山位于一个11.3千米宽、布满小丘的半岛北端,西临太平洋,北尖端是一个1.6千米宽的海峡,叫做“Golden Gate(金门)”,东面是San Francisco Gulf (旧金山湾)。这里有世界上最大的San Francisco Chinatown(唐人街)和宏伟的Golden Gate Bridge(金门大桥)。著名的Sequoia National Park(红杉国家公园)位于大桥北面。旧金山东南部则有世界闻名的高新技术产业中心Silicon Valley(硅谷)。

Los Angeles(洛杉矶)——加利福尼亚最大的城市,美国西海岸重要的交通枢纽和贸易口岸,美国第二大经济、金融和贸易中心。市内有美国电影业的中心好莱坞和闻名世界的Disney Land(迪斯尼乐园)、全美最高铁塔Peace Tower(和平塔)。

Detroit(底特律)——位于密歇根东南部,与加拿大相邻,是美国中西部工业中心,全球三大汽车公司Ford Company(福特公司)、General Electronics(通用电气公司)、Kreisler Company(克莱斯勒公司)的总部均设在这里,号称“Kingdom of Car Industry(汽车工业王国)”。

●Education

Harvard University(哈佛大学)、University of Columbia(哥伦比亚大学)、Stanford University(斯坦福大学)、The Yale University(耶鲁大学)、Princeton University(普林斯顿大学)、Duke University(杜克大学)、Massachusetts Institution of Technology (麻省理工学院)等。

●Climat

大陆幅员辽阔,气候类型多样,但大体分为温带大陆性气候和亚热带气候,平均介于北纬25度到49度之间。Florida半岛南端和Hawaii属于热带气候,Alaska属于寒冷气候区,California属于地红海气候,Arizona(亚利桑那州)属于沙漠气候。

●Festivals

Valentine’s Day(圣瓦伦丁节/情人节):每年的2月14日

St Patrick’Day(圣帕特里克节):每年3月17日

Easter Day(复活节):每年春分后,第一次月圆后的第一个星期日

Independence’Day(美国独立日):每年7月4日

Thanks Giving Day(感恩节):每年11月的最后一个星期四

Halloween(万圣节前夜):每年10月31日夜

Christmas Day(圣诞节):每年的12月25日

第三章加拿大

●Geography

位于北美洲北部,首都Ottawa(渥太华),国土总面积9 970 610万平方公里,位居世界第二。它东临The Atlantic Ocean,西濒The Pacific Ocean,西北与美国Alaska相连,南接美国本土,北临The Arctic Ocean(北冰洋),最北可达The Pacific Circle(北极圈)。主要山脉:

The Rockies——位于西部太平洋沿岸,最高峰为Mt.Longan(洛根峰),海拔6046米。

主要河流:

https://www.doczj.com/doc/4d12663855.html,wrence(圣劳伦斯河)、Mackenzie River(麦肯齐河)、Yukon River(育空河)、The River Niagara(尼亚加拉河)等。

著名大瀑布Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)就位于美加界河The River Niagara上。

主要湖泊:

Great Bear Lake(大熊湖)、Great Slave Lake(大奴湖)、Winnipeg Lake(温尼伯湖)等。主要城市:

Quebec(魁北克)——加拿大面积最大的省,位于省南部的Montreal(蒙特利尔)为加拿大最大的工业城市,

Ontario(安大略)——加拿大经济最发达、人口最密集的省,首府Toronto(多伦多)是加拿大最大的城市,市内University of Toronto是全国最大的高等学府。除Toronto外著名的城市还有首都Ottawa、Windsor(温莎)等。

British Columbia(不列颠哥伦比亚)——加拿大第三大省,首府所在地Victoria(维多利亚),是加拿大著名的花园城市;省西南部的Vancouver(温哥华),是加拿大第三大城市。

●Festivals

New Year:1日,元旦

Good Friday:一般每年在复活节前的星期五,耶稣受难日

Tulip Festival:5月的最后两周,郁金香花节,首都渥太华的盛大节日,有花车游行、选美和狂欢等活动

Victoria Day:5月24日,维多利亚日,纪念维多利亚女王诞辰日,一般在每年5月25日之前的星期一举行

Canada Day:7月1日,国庆节

Civil Day:8月的第一个星期一,公民日

Labor Day:9月的第一个星期一,劳动日

Thanks Giving Day(感恩节):10月第二个星期一

Memorial Day:11月11日,休战纪念日

Christmas Day:12月25日,圣诞节

Festival of Maple Sugar:3~4月期间,枫糖节,加拿大是驰名的“Country of Maple Leave (枫叶之国)”,此节期间,人们可以欣赏枫林、品尝枫浆,观看印第安人表演节目

第四章澳大利亚

●Full Name

“The Commonwealth of Australia(澳大利亚联邦)”,简称“澳大利亚”。欧洲人在17世纪初叶发现这块大陆时,误以为这是一块直通南极的陆地,故取名Australia即由拉丁文“Terra Australis(南方的大陆)”变化而来。

●Geography

澳大利亚位于The Southern Pacific Ocean(南太平洋)和Indian Ocean(印度洋)之间,由澳大利亚大陆和Tasmania Islands(塔斯马尼亚岛屿)等组成,是世界上唯一独占一整块大陆的国家。其国土面积约为768万平方公里,海岸线长达36700公里。澳大利亚是世界上最平坦的国家,平均海拔不到300米。澳大利亚四面临海,东南隔Tasmania Sea (塔斯曼海)与新西兰为邻,北隔Timor Sea(帝汶海)和Torres Strait(托雷斯海峡)与East Timor(东帝汶)、Indonesia(印度尼西亚)和Papua New Guinea(巴布亚新几内亚)相望。澳大利亚国土面积居世界第六,仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大、中国、美国和巴西。其领土划分为六个州:New South Wales(新南威尔士州)、Victoria(维多利亚州)、Queensland (昆士兰州)、South Australia(南澳大利亚州)、Western Australia(西澳大利亚州)和Tasmania(塔斯马尼亚州)。还有两个地区:Northern Territory(北部地区)和Australia Capital Territory(首都直辖区,包括南海岸的Jervis Bay杰维斯海湾)。

首都是Canberra(堪培拉)。

各州首府如下:

New South Wales-位于澳大利亚东南部,首府Sydney(悉尼)是澳大利亚最早开发、最大及最现代化的城市。,也是海外移民最集中的城市,历史文化悠久。

Victoria-位于新南威尔士州的南部,有“the State of Gardens(花园州)”之称,首府Melbourne(墨尔本)是澳大利亚第二大城市,也是全国主要的财经中心。

Queensland-位于澳大利亚东北部,是澳大利亚第二大州。首府为Brisbane(布里斯班)为澳大利亚第三大城市。

South Australia-位于澳大利亚东南部,澳大利亚最大的河流Murray River(茉莉河)从其东侧奔流入海。首府为Adelaide(阿德莱德)。

Western Australia-澳大利亚面积最大的州,首府Perth(佩斯)是出入澳大利亚的西部大门。

Tasmania-是澳大利亚大陆东南角的一个岛,周围有许多小岛组成。该州为澳大利亚六大州中最小的一个,首府Hobart(哈伯特市)是澳大利亚第二大古老城市。

●Climat

澳大利亚位于南纬10°41′和43°39′之间,大陆1/3的土地处于南回归线以北,其

余部分属于温带。澳大利亚的12月至次年2月为夏季,3月至5月为秋季,6月至8月为冬季,9至11月为春季。

●Festivals

1月1日:元旦

1月27日:国庆节

3月28~31日:复活节

4月25日:澳纽兵团日

6月9日:女王诞生日

12月25日:圣诞节

12月26日:开盒节。打开圣诞所赠礼盒的日子。在南澳大利亚也被称为“宣告节”。

第五章新西兰

●Full Name

New Zealand(新西兰),是南太平洋上一个景色如画的岛国,其形状似一叶长长的扁舟。它同Patagoni(巴塔哥尼亚)和Chile(智利)南部一样。是世界上最南端的陆地,它的南海岸距离South Pole(南极)只有2400余公里,因此新西兰被称为“世界边缘的国家”,被当地毛利人称为“Aotearoa(长长的白云之乡)”。

●Geography

新西兰位于太平洋西南部,介于Antarctica(南极洲)和Equator(赤道)之间。西隔Tasman Sea(塔斯曼海)与Australia(澳大利亚)相望,相隔1 600公里,北邻Tonga(汤加)、Fuji(斐济)。新西兰由North Island(北岛)、South Island(南岛)及一些小岛组成,面积27,053 4万平方公里,海岸线长6 900公里。新西兰境内多山,平原面积狭小,山脉和丘陵约占全国土地面积的3/4。北岛多火山和温泉,南岛多冰河与湖泊。北岛第一峰Mount Maunganui(鲁阿佩胡火山)高2 797米,火山上有新西兰最大的火山湖Lake Taupo (泊淘波胡),面积616平方公里。南岛横跨南纬40°~ 47°,岛上有全国第一峰Mt.Cook (库克山)。山峰海拔3 764米,西部绵延着Alps(南阿尔卑斯山),构成了南岛的地形骨架。阿尔卑斯山中的Franz Joseph(弗朗茨·约瑟夫)和Fooks glacier(富克斯冰川),是世界上海拔最低的冰川。Su Selan waterfall(苏瑟兰瀑布),落差580米,居世界前列。

新西兰全国有12个大区、74个小区,155个社区和6个特区。12个大区为:

Northland(北地)、Auckland(奥克兰)、Hukato(海卡托)、Bay of Henty(富足湾)、Hawks Bay(霍克湾)、Taranakani(塔拉纳基)、Wellington(惠灵顿)、Canterbury(坎特伯雷)、Otage(奥塔哥)、West Bank(西岸)、Southland(南地)、Manawatu-Wanganui(马纳挖土-旺加努伊)。

新西兰有单独的Local Government(地方政府)体系,基本独立于Central Government (中央政府),但必须议会通过的宪法组成。地方最高一级行政机构是Local Government,其下又划分为28个市、90个Organized Town(组织镇)、3个镇区和85个County(郡)。

主要城市概况:

Auckland:新西兰第一大城市,也是全国的工商业中心,人口90万。奥克兰被誉为“City Of Sail(千帆之都)”,其附近的海湾,是帆船体育比赛的首选之地。奥克兰原名Tamaki(塔玛基),意为坐落在48座火山上,最年轻也是最大的火山是Rangitoto(郎宜托托),曾在600年前喷发过。Mount Eden(尔东山)为最高的死火山,达196米,曾是毛利部落重要的堡垒。Mount Wellington(惠灵顿山)的火山熔岩成为南半球最大的采石场。

奥克兰从1841年起,成为新西兰首都,直到1865年迁到惠灵顿。由于该市拥有众多的

Polynesian(波利尼西亚人),所以具有独特的波利尼西亚文化特征。

Wellington:新西兰首都,全国政治、经济、交通中心和第二大港口。人口33万。惠灵顿位于北岛最南端的峡谷盆地中,面向库克海峡。这里气候温和、四季如春。著名建筑有Parliament Building(国会大厦)St Georgia Proust Church(圣乔治亚·普鲁斯特大教堂)等。

Christchurch:南岛第一大城市,基督城、花园城,被誉为“英国以外最英国化的城市”,30多万口居住在The Canterbury Plain(坎特伯雷平原)上。

●Climat

新西兰位于Suthern Hmisphere(南半球)南太平洋海域中,气候基本上属于湿润的温带海洋性气候。新西兰气候温和,四季差别不大明显,冬天温和湿润、夏天温暖干燥。夏季是12月~2月,秋季是3月~5月,冬季是6月~8月,春季是9月~11月。

●Festivals

1月1日:新历新年

2月6:国庆节(Waitangi(N.Z.) Day)

4月25日:Anzac Day澳新军团在加利波利登陆日

6月9日:女王寿诞

10月26日:劳动节

12月25日:圣诞节

12月26日:开盒节。打开圣诞所赠礼盒的日子。在南澳大利亚也被称为“宣告节”。

英语国家概况的复习资料

英语国家概况考试题型如下: 1.选择题(30 X 1’) 2.填空题(20 X 1’) 3.简答(10 X 2’)--必须回答完整的句子 4.分析题(6 X 5’)-- 必须回答完整的句子 总分100 分 主要内容包括: 一.U.S. Geography 1.Full name of U.S.. 2.Number of States: 50 states. 3.After President Jefferson brought the Louisiana territory from France there was a desire for territorial expansion among many frontier men. 4.The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. The fourth largest countries. 5.Taxas is the largest mainland state of the U.S.. Alaska is the largest state of the U.S.. 6.Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean. 7.America’s movies are mostly made in Hollywood near the city of Los Angeles in south California. 二.U.S. People 1.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Blacks (Afriican-Americans). 2.The “first Americans” were the Indians. 3.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States. 4.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today’s V erginia in the year of 1607. 5.The “Three Faiths” in the U.S. refer to: ?Protestan ?Catholic ?Jewish 6.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. 7.American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and pestige are unequally distributed among the population. 8.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.

英语国家概况

英语国家概况-Land and people I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰。 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛(较大的一个)和爱尔兰岛,及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island:England, Scotland and Wales. 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 (1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section. 英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区。 (2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区:北部高地,中部低地及南部山陵。首府:爱丁堡。 (3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。首府:加的夫 (4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域。首府:贝尔法斯特。 5.The Commonwealth (of nations)is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年,至1990年止已有50个成员国。 II. Geographical Features 英国的地理特征 1.Geographical position of Britain: 英国的地理位置: Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. 英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部,与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。 2.The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; and the east and southeast are mostly lowlands. 英国的西部和北部主要是高地,东部和东南部主要是低地。 III. Rivers and Lakes 河流与湖泊 Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Britain (1,343m).

英语国家概况课后题总结和答案

Chapter 1 land and people are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain,England,the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth The British Isles,Greant Britina and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country,while the official name is the United Kingdom,but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britian. the geographical position of Britian Britain is an island country. It lies in the north Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of is separated from the rest of Europe by the English channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands. Britain have a favourable climate why Yes,it has a favourable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild,not too cold and summers are cool, not too has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole has a small range of temperature,too. are the factors which influence the climate in Britain Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest

《新视野大学英语读写教程1》课程标准

《新视野大学英语读写教程1》课程标准 课程性质:必修课 课程类型: B类(理论+实践) 学分:6学分 学时: 68学时(4学时/周,上课总周数17周) 适用专业:英语教育 考核要求:闭卷考试,平时成绩占50%,期末考试成绩占50% 一、课程性质与任务 课程性质:本课程是英语教育专业的一门基础必修课,是英语专业的主干课程。课程任务:学生系统掌握英语语言基础知识,具体包括语言体系知识(指语音、词汇和语法结构等方面的内容)、话语知识和跨文化交际知识,全面培养学生的语言能力,具体包括学习策略能力、语言尝试能力、语言思维能力和语言交际能力,使学生初步了解英语国家的文化背景知识。 同期及后续课程:《英语语音语调》、《英语听说》、《英语泛读》、《英语口语》、《英语语法》、《英语写作》、《英汉互译》、《英语国家概况》等课程。 二、课程教学基本要求 1.知识要求 (1)掌握英语语音的基础知识; (2)掌握语法基础知识; (3)掌握词汇2500个; (4)掌握篇章结构的分析理论; 2、技能要求: 听力理解能力:能听懂英语授课,能听懂日常英语谈话和一般性题材讲座,练习收听英语国家慢速英语节目,语速为每分钟80词左右,能掌握其中心大意,抓住要点,能运用基本的听力技巧帮助理解。

口语表达能力:能在学习过程中用英语交流,并能就某一主题进行讨论。能就日常话题和来自讲英语国家的人士进行交谈;能就所熟悉的话题经准备后作简短发言,表达比较清楚,语音、语调基本正确;能在交谈中使用基本的会话策略。 阅读理解能力:能够基本读懂一般性题材的英文文章,阅读速度达到每分钟80词;在快速阅读篇幅较长、难度略低的材料时,阅读速度达到每分钟70词,能基本读懂国内英文报刊,掌握中心意思,理解主要事实和有关细节;能读懂工作、生活中常见的应用文体的材料;能在阅读中使用有效的阅读方法。 书面表达能力:能用常见的应用文体完成一般的写作任务,能描述个人经历、事件、观感、情感等,能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出80词的短文,内容基本完整、用词恰当,语篇连贯。 翻译能力:能借助词典对题材熟悉的文章进行英汉互译,英汉译速为每小时100英语单词,汉英译速为每小时50个汉字;译文基本流畅,能在翻译时使用适当的翻译技巧。 3、素质要求: 针对英语教育专业的知识技能的特点,培养学生在幼儿英语教学和小学英语课堂教学的能力,提高学生的综合素质。 三、教学条件 1、教师任职条件 本科以上英语专业学历,身心健康,热爱教育工作,热爱学生;有较强的教学能力、教育科研能力和创新能力,具有一定的教育学、心理学基本知识,并能运用在实际教学过程中。另外要求教师具有制作多媒体课件进行教学设计的能力,并具有应用现代教育技术进行教学的能力。 2、实践教学条件 校内实训条件:语言实验室、英语角、英语演讲比赛等。能容纳60人、安装多媒体投影仪设备的教室一间。 四、教学内容及学时安排

英语国家概况—英国

Part One: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter 1 Land and People Chapter 2 The Origins of a Nation (500BC~AD1066) Chapter 3 The Shape of the Nation (1066~1381) Chapter 4 Transition to the Modern Age (1455~1688) Chapter 5 The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1688~1990) Chapter 6 The Economy Chapter 7 Government and Administration Chapter 8 Justice the Law Chapter 9 Social Affairs Chapter 10 Cultural Affairs Chapter 1 Land, People and Language ?1 Different Names for Britain and its Parts The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The geographical names are the British Isles, Great Britain and England. People just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K. ?People England is the largest and most populous, almost a quarter of the people lives in England’s prosperous and fertile southeast, with over 7 million in the capital. The majority of the population are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe who went to England between the 5th and 7th centuries.These people settled in England and drove the native Celtic people to the mountainous areas of Wales and Scotland. Their language became the official language of the country. Most people in W ales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people who were the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. The Irish people were also of Celtic origin. About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and a quarter of the world’s land area. ?Geographical Features There are 3 political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. The island of Ireland is divided into 2 parts: Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with the North-W est slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands; the east and south-east are mostly lowlands. There are 3 natural zones of Scotland: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands.

英语国家概况

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